CN1313921A - 防火墙 - Google Patents

防火墙 Download PDF

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CN1313921A
CN1313921A CN00801110A CN00801110A CN1313921A CN 1313921 A CN1313921 A CN 1313921A CN 00801110 A CN00801110 A CN 00801110A CN 00801110 A CN00801110 A CN 00801110A CN 1313921 A CN1313921 A CN 1313921A
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fire wall
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CN1149324C (zh
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沃尔特·德格尔斯格
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Dorma Deutschland GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • E06B5/165—Fireproof windows
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
    • A46D1/00—Bristles; Selection of materials for bristles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/069—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of intumescent material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7448—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts with separate framed panels without intermediary posts, extending from floor to ceiling
    • E04B2/745—Glazing details
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
    • E06B1/56—Fastening frames to the border of openings or to similar contiguous frames
    • E06B1/60—Fastening frames to the border of openings or to similar contiguous frames by mechanical means, e.g. anchoring means
    • E06B1/6007—Fastening frames to the border of openings or to similar contiguous frames by mechanical means, e.g. anchoring means between similar contiguous frames
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates
    • E06B3/5427—Fixing of glass panes or like plates the panes mounted flush with the surrounding frame or with the surrounding panes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/6621—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together with special provisions for fitting in window frames or to adjacent units; Separate edge protecting strips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • E06B5/164—Sealing arrangements between the door or window and its frame, e.g. intumescent seals specially adapted therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B2200/00—Brushes characterized by their functions, uses or applications
    • A46B2200/30—Brushes for cleaning or polishing
    • A46B2200/3093—Brush with abrasive properties, e.g. wire bristles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7409—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts special measures for sound or thermal insulation, including fire protection
    • E04B2/7411—Details for fire protection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2002/7461—Details of connection of sheet panels to frame or posts
    • E04B2002/7474—Details of connection of sheet panels to frame or posts using releasable connectors actuable with a key or a tool

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于避免火焰侵袭的防火墙,它用在防火段的一个区域内,在这里,防火墙由模块结构的分构件组成,分构件基本上由组合成一环形框的型材构成,它们同时将两块玻璃板隔开距离,玻璃板一直伸达型材的外边缘,以及框被玻璃板上涂瓷漆的部分覆盖,分构件可借助连接件在防火层合塑料作为衬垫的情况下互相连接起来。

Description

防火墙
本发明涉及一种用于避免火焰侵袭的防火墙，它可用在防火段的一个区域内。
例如由EP 0401555 A2可知这种防火门，在那里，在一个有环形安装槽的金属框内安装玻璃板。玻璃板终止在框之前，并借助附加地固定在玻璃板上起补偿适配器作用的金属环形条与金属框连接。在这里金属条借助于一种常用的例如水玻璃基的防火胶连接。
由EP 0444393 A2可知用于防火门的框型材，其中玻璃板用坚固的框型材固定。框型材设计为空腔型材并在腔内插入防火板，它们保证这种门的耐火性能。
在DE 2645259 A1中说明了一种有阻火能力的玻璃。其中，在一侧采用预应力玻璃制的硅酸盐玻璃板，在处于两侧之间的空隙的另一侧采用加筋的硅酸盐玻璃板。这种耐火的镶装玻璃的结构借助一个围绕并围扣住边缘的金属框实现。
DE 2742665 A1公开了一种防火的摆动或弹簧铰门，其中门框或门扇边缘有隔热材料，它沿整个长度或宽度延伸。这种隔热材料在热作用下膨胀，所以在着火时门的这一部分成为可靠的隔火装置。这种门用平面的材料制造，它是不透明的并在一分区内被一个要装上的窗口断开。
此外用耐火材料砌防火墙。但防火墙若应符合当今的建筑学，则通常已知的防火墙做不到这一点。如今的方法是将建筑物的内部区设计为透光的，亦即透明的。在这种情况下当然不采用耐火的砌墙材料砌墙。因此本发明的目的是建议一种防火墙，它在保证经济性的同时可以灵活地制造，以及也可以事后安装在符合建筑学的建筑物内。在为达到此目的的同时还应考虑到保持高度可靠性。
按本发明此目的通过权利要求1的特征达到。从属权利要求说明了本发明思想的其他设计。
因此本发明建议，防火墙由模块结构的分构件组成。在这里，分构件基本上由单一型材组合而成的环形框构成。此框被玻璃板覆盖，玻璃板隔开距离地沿框展开。框的型材在边缘处围绕着玻璃板。为了使框不能看到，通过玻璃板或框局部涂瓷漆覆盖此引人注目之物。
型材设计为使它有至少一个空腔，空腔朝外边缘方向有缺口或槽。在此缺口处一方面可以安置一封闭型材，以及除此之外也可以安装一连接件，连接件例如将至少两个分构件力和形封闭地互相连接起来。在这种情况下在相邻的封闭型材的区域内分别在封闭型材内有受热膨胀的防火层合塑料，从而形成气密地密封的防火墙。除此之外在封闭型材中有环形的在每个边缘处的T形槽，其中装入密封件。由此保证在墙口内分构件的气密封闭。
一式多个、用于将分构件互相连接起来的连接件设计为杆状元件。在杆的端部有钩件，它们力和形封闭地与杆连接。在杆的中央设旋转机构，它允许借助工具旋转事先已装入框内的连接件。通过旋转做到使钩件在型材空腔内钩住，从而不再允许分构件彼此拉开。作为旋转机构可例如采用力和形封闭地装在杆上的四棱或六棱体。但也可以在这里装一盘，在盘的圆周有一些允许置入工具的适当的孔。
不仅框的型材而且封闭型材，可以用塑料、钢、木材或轻金属制造。若采用塑料制造，则建议在这里优选地使用一种有阻火能力的玻璃纤维增强的塑料。
通过隔开距离的玻璃板，根据防火等级可使这种防火墙具有规定的耐火性能。为了达到更高的防火等级，在隔开距离的玻璃板之间形成的空隙，或充填一种防火凝胶，或通过使用特殊的防火玻璃设计成具有更强的耐火能力的防火墙。
采用模块式的防火墙结构方式，在使用相同的基本构件，例如框和用安全玻璃制的玻璃板的情况下，只需增添防火凝胶或防火玻璃，便可提供一种对外有相同设计的透明防火墙，但有更强的防火效果。
显然，也可以在这种防火墙中安装一防火门。这种防火门或防火窗可设计为单扇或双扇的转翼门或也可设计为弹簧铰门。这样一种防火门或防火窗的结构用与上述类型的防火墙也采用的相同的基本材料实现。
按本发明思想的设计中也可以取消采用上述玻璃板，而代之以采用有阻火能力的由钢、塑料、轻金属或可适当使用的木材构成的材料。
下面借助于附图示意表示的可能的实施例进一步说明本发明。附图中：
图1通过两个分构件连接区的局部剖面图；以及
图2连接件。
图1表示了两个互相连接并用1和2表示的分构件。在此实施例中表示的分构件1和2设计成一致的，它们由互相连接成一个没有表示的框的型材5和两块用3和4表示的隔开距离的玻璃板构成。在这里型材5含有至少一个空腔8。在按图1的实施例中，型材5有两个空腔。在型材5与玻璃板3和4接触的区域内是涂瓷漆部分19，它应避免能看到框。但也可以将框可看见地装在隔开距离的玻璃3和4之间，其中，玻璃板3、4始终力和形封闭地与框连接。
型材5在其边缘侧，亦即在分构件1或2边缘的侧面成形有凸块20，它们覆盖玻璃板3和4的玻璃板边缘6。由此同时提供了玻璃板边缘6的一种有效的边缘保护装置。在按图1的实施例中，玻璃板3和4在玻璃板边缘6的区域内有一凹口7。但按本发明玻璃板边缘6在这里也可以有倒角。具有凸块20的型材5用封闭型材12覆盖。封闭型材12有突起14，它插入在型材5内的槽中。因此，封闭型材可靠和准确地定位，并可借助适当的螺纹连接件与型材5力和形封闭地连接。
封闭型材12在其端部有突缘13，它们设计为相应地覆盖在玻璃板边缘6处的凹口7。在封闭型材12的外轮廓21内，侧向边缘附近制有T形槽10，其中装入密封件11。由图1的实施例可以看出，在分构件1和2互相接合时由于使用密封件11形成了一个封闭的正面，因此没有留下烟的通道。此外，在外轮廓21内有一个槽，其中置入防火层合塑料15。此防火层合塑料的任务是，在突发火灾时会在高温作用下膨胀，以及使分构件1、2互相之间以及相对于天花板和墙封闭，由此保证形成一个可靠的防火段。
为了将分构件1和2互相连接起来，采用如图2所示的连接件22。连接件22主要由杆18构成，在杆的端部力和形封闭地各成形一钩件9。在杆18中央安置旋转机构，它例如可以设计为四边形或六边形。但也可设想，在这里，直接在杆18内或借助于一个盘加工一些适当的孔，以便在工具插入状态促使连接件22旋转。钩件9一方面插入型材5的空腔8内并与此同时借助于旋转机构16隔开距离。通过尺寸上的这种相互协调，保证分构件1和2互相有确定的距离。借助于旋转机构16，通过在可能压缩密封件11的情况下旋转连接件22，分构件1和2互相形成可靠的以及力与形封闭的连接。在这里还可以在建筑物内部实现向上和向下连接。与此同时还可以在防火墙内部装入采光的天窗。
为了实现分构件1、2相对于现已存在的墙、天花板、地板的连接，可例如由在墙、天花板和地板上相同的型材5提供接合和连接的可能性。
                         符号表1分构件2分构件3玻璃板4玻璃板5型材6玻璃板边缘7凹口8空腔9连接件10T形槽11密封件12封闭型材13突缘14突起15防火层合塑料16旋转机构17空腔18杆19涂瓷漆部分20凸块21轮廓22连接件

Claims (24)

1．用于避免火焰侵袭的防火墙，它用在防火段的一个区域内，其特征为：防火墙由模块结构的分构件(1、2)组成，分构件基本上由组合成一环形框架的型材(5)构成，它们同时将两块玻璃板(3、4)隔开距离，玻璃板(3、4)一直伸达型材的外边缘，以及框架被玻璃板上涂瓷漆的部分(19)覆盖，分构件(1、2)可借助连接件(9)在防火层合塑料(15)作为衬垫的情况下互相连接起来。
2．按照权利要求1所述的防火墙，其特征为：在间隔有距离的玻璃板(3、4)之间存在一种透明的防火剂。
3．按照权利要求1所述的防火墙，其特征为：型材(5)至少有一个空腔(8)，空腔(8)有一缺口或槽，它适用于和其他型材连接或适用于置入连接件(22)。
4．按照权利要求1和2所述的防火墙，其特征为：型材(5)在每一侧有凸块(20)，它们完全或部分覆盖玻璃板(3、4)的玻璃板边缘(6)。
5．按照权利要求1至4所述的防火墙，其特征为：玻璃板(3、4)在玻璃板边缘(6)的区域内有凹口(7)，它们被封闭型材(12)的突缘(13)充填。
6．按照权利要求1至4所述的防火墙，其特征为：玻璃板(3、4)在玻璃板边缘(6)区域内有倒角，它们被封闭型材(12)覆盖。
7．按照权利要求5和6所述的防火墙，其特征为：封闭型材(12)的外轮廓(21)在侧面分别被一T形槽(10)断开。
8．按照权利要求7所述的防火墙，其特征为：T形槽(10)内装入密封件(11)。
9．按照前列诸权利要求中一项或多项所述的防火墙，其特征为：在外轮廓(21)内至少组合一防火层合塑件(15)。
10．按照前列诸权利要求中一项或多项所述的防火墙，其特征为：在型材(5)内可连接封闭型材(12)。
11．按照前列诸权利要求中一项或多项所述的防火墙，其特征为：连接件(22)由在中央设旋转机构(16)的杆状构件组成，在各端部力和形封闭地装有钩件(9)。
12．按照权利要求11所述的防火墙，其特征为：旋转机构(16)有四面或六面体。
13．按照权利要求11所述的防火墙，其特征为：旋转机构(16)由杆(18)中的一些孔构成。
14．按照前列诸权利要求中一项或多项所述的防火墙，其特征为：钩件(9)通过型材(5)中的缺口插入，并通过旋转连接件(22)固定在分构件(1、2)内以及与此同时将它们互相力和形封闭地连接起来。
15．按照前列诸权利要求中一项或多项所述的防火墙，其特征为：型材(5)和封闭形材(12)用塑料、钢、木材或轻金属制成。
16．按照权利要求15所述的防火墙，其特征为：塑料是一种玻璃纤维增强塑料。
17．按照权利要求1所述的防火墙，其特征为：在防火墙内装一防火门。
18．按照权利要求17所述的防火墙，其特征为：防火门是一种单扇或双扇的转翼门。
19．按照权利要求17所述的防火墙，其特征为：防火门是一种单扇或双扇的弹簧铰门。
20．按照前列诸权利要求中一项或多项所述的防火墙，其特征为：玻璃板(3、4)由一种安全玻璃构成。
21．按照权利要求2所述的防火墙，其特征为：防火剂是一种防火凝胶体。
22．按照权利要求2所述的防火墙，其特征为：防火剂是一种防火玻璃。
23．按照前列诸权利要求中一项或多项所述的防火墙，其特征为：玻璃板(3、4)用不透明的平面材料代替。
24．按照权利要求23所述的防火墙，其特征为：这种材料由塑料、木材、钢或轻金属构成。
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