CN1303704C - 碱性蓄电池 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
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- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M2010/4292—Aspects relating to capacity ratio of electrodes/electrolyte or anode/cathode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
对于具有将正极板与负极板隔着它们之间的隔板而叠层的极板组的碱性蓄电池,使得初次充放电前的隔板的体积占极板组的体积的比例为30~60%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及碱性蓄电池,特别地涉及通过对隔板进行性改良来延长电池使用寿命的碱性蓄电池。
背景技术
参照图2对于作为碱性蓄电池一示例的镍氢蓄电池进行说明。在图2中,在镍氢蓄电池1的构造中,将氢氧化镍作为正极活性物质的正极板与将氢气吸留合金作为主要负极构成材料的负极板隔着隔板叠层形成的、作为供电元件的极板组3与电解液一同收容在电槽2内。利用设有安全阀4的盖5封闭电槽2的开口部,从各正极板的一侧部上端向上方引出导线6并且在该上部连接正极端子7,同样地,从负极板的另一侧部上端向上方引出导线6并在其上部连接负极端子8,将所述的正极端子7以及负极端子8安装在盖5上。
对于这种碱性蓄电池,为了增大电池容量,在隔板能够发挥吸收必要的电解液并同时防止短路的功能这样的范围内,尽量使得隔板较薄而将隔板体积通常设定为不到极板组体积的30%。
然而,当反复进行充放电时,极板会逐渐膨胀,如上所述,当将隔板的体积设定为不到极板组体积的30%时,由于极板的膨胀而会押碎隔板,隔板所吸收的电解液减少。结果,电池的内部电阻上升,由此,会产生发热,并且随着内压的上升安全阀也会进行动作,所产生的气体会释放到电池之外,结果,电解液完全枯竭,在短期内就不能够使用电池。
本发明鉴于上述以往的问题,目的在于提供一种通过改良隔板来延长使用寿命的碱性蓄电池。
发明内容
本发明的碱性蓄电池是具有将正极板与负极板隔着它们之间的隔板进行叠层的极板组的碱性蓄电池,至少使得初次充放电前(电池组装后到最初进行充放电的期间)的隔板体积占极板组体积的比例为30~60%。通过使得极板组的隔板的体积比例为30%以上,能够防止导致电池寿命缩短的隔板的压缩。当所述比例超过60%时,在电池内产生的热量很难释放到外部,会导致寿命特性恶化。因此,使得该比例为30~60%,能够延长电池可充放电的总电气量,改善寿命特性,能够提供一种长期可靠性高的电池。
又,最好初次充放电前的隔板的空穴率为50~70%。当超过70%时,容易产生短路,而小于50%时,能够保存电解液的体积减少,寿命特性也会恶化。
又,最好初次充放电前的极板组的体积相对于电槽容积的比例为85~95%。当小于85%时,由于极板间的距离变大,输出特性恶化,内部电阻增大寿命特性也会产生恶化,当超过95%时,会压缩隔板而很难保存电解液,由此导致寿命特性恶化。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明一实施形态以及以往示例的碱性蓄电池的寿命试验结果的曲线。
图2表示碱性蓄电池的部分剖视外观立体图。
具体实施形态
以下,参照图1、图2对于本发明的镍氢蓄电池的一实施形态进行说明。
在端部设有5mm宽的未填充部的发泡镍中,填充主要成分为氢氧化镍的正极材料,在未填充部设置镍导线,形成容量为1Ah、反应面积为39.3cm2的正极板。又,在端部设有5mm宽的未涂布部的冲孔金属上,涂布主要成分为平均粒径20μm的氢气吸留合金的负极材料,在未涂布部上设置镍导线,形成电容为1.24Ah、反应面积为39.3cm2的负极板。
在正极板上,被覆以比重为0.91的聚丙烯纤维构成的厚度为0.18mm的非织布形成的袋状的隔板,相互重合正极板7与负极板8并形成极板组3,并且将它们收容在合成树脂制的电槽2中。又,与外部端子的连接是汇集各极板的镍导线6并且在上部利用电阻焊接将正极与负极的极端子7、8接合。注入20g主要成分为氢氧化钙的电解液并且用具有安全阀4的盖5进行密封,由此构成镍氢蓄电池1。此后,为了使之活性化,以0.1C进行充放电。容量约为7Ah。
采用这样的镍氢蓄电池进行寿命试验。寿命试验的条件是首先以1A充电5小时,从第2次循环开始以1A放电4小时、以1A充电4小时4分钟。
(试验例1)
分别构成隔板厚度为0.10、0.14、0.18、0.27、0.41、0.62、0.96mm的电池。初次充放电前,隔板体积占极板组体积的比例分别为20、25、30、40、50、60、70%。隔板体积占极板组体积的比可如下述这样求得,将初次充放电前的电池对于极板组沿直角方向切断,计测剖面上隔板的厚度,据此求出该比例。测定上述各电池的寿命特性。采用容量比例作为寿命特性,将相对于各个电池的初期容量的容量在65%以下时看作为寿命结束。将隔板体积比例为30%的电池设计时的寿命特性作为100进行相对评价。结果如图1所示。又,电池的体积容量密度也在图1表示。
从该结果可知,隔板的体积比例为20或25%时寿命特性极端恶化。认为这是由于充放电引起极板膨胀而导致隔板压缩以及不能够保持电解液。又,当比例为70%时,由于隔板体积较大,电池的容量密度下降为隔板体积为30%时的80%,电池内发出的热量很难释放到外部,对于寿命特性,也相对于60%时为低。由此,可知隔板体积比例最好为30~60%。
(试验例2)
作成采用下述隔板的电池,即使得隔板的厚度为0.18mm、相对于初次充放电前的极板组的体积比例为30%并且使空穴率变化为45、50、60、70、75%。进行与试验例1相同的寿命试验。又,测定各电池的输出特性。对于输出特性上,调整各电池为SOC60%,进行大电流放电,在直到达到1V为止的时间能够维持10秒以上的电流值上乘以1V作为输出功率。其单位为W。又,测定值是10个电池的平均值。该试验结果如表1所示。
表1
空穴率(%) | 寿命特性(循环次数) | 输出特性(W) |
45 | 1000 | 100 |
50 | 5000 | 130 |
60 | 6000 | 140 |
70 | 5000 | 150 |
75 | 短路 | 短路 |
从该结果可知,当空穴率为75%以上时,会在试验过程中发生短路,不能够确保可靠性。又,在45%以下时,能够保存电解液的体积减少,而且,由于极板的膨胀而压缩隔板,则保存的电解液量减少,寿命特性会产生恶化。由此,可知隔板的空穴率为50~70%较为适当。
(试验例3)
组合了正极板、负极板以及隔板的极板组,使得隔板的厚度为0.18mm并且相对于初次充放电前的极板组的体积比例为30%,分别作成极板组的体积与电槽的容积的比例为83%、85%、90%、95%、97%的电池,进行与试验例1相同的寿命试验。又,与试验例2同样地测定各电池的输出特性。该试验结果如表2所示。
表2
极板组相对于电槽容积的比例 | 寿命特性(循环次数) | 输出特性(W) |
83 | 1000 | 80 |
85 | 5000 | 120 |
90 | 6000 | 130 |
95 | 5000 | 130 |
97 | 1000 | 130 |
从结果可知,极板组相对于电槽容积的比例为97%以上时,因极板膨胀而压缩隔板,很难保持电解液,故寿命变短。当为83%时,极板因充放电而膨胀之后,由于未导致隔板被压碎而极板间的距离增大,电子不能够平滑移动,故输出特性劣化,而且,由于内部电阻增高,寿命特性也会恶化。如上所述,可知相对于电槽容积极板组的比例为85%~95%较为适当。
又,本发明不仅限于镍氢蓄电池,也适用于镍镉电池。而且,不仅限于方形的电池,也适用于圆筒形电池。
根据本发明的碱性蓄电池,能够抑制决定电池寿命的隔板的压缩,同时不存在因电池内产生的热量很难释放到外部而导致寿命特性恶化的问题,电池总的可充放电的电能增加,能够改善电池的寿命特性,能够提供可靠性长期间高的电池。
Claims (3)
1.一种碱性蓄电池,具有将正极板与负极板在其间隔着隔板进行相互重合叠层的极板组,正极板具有以氢氧化镍为主要成分的正极材料,其特征在于,初次充放电前的隔板的体积占极板组的体积的比例为30~60%。
2.如权利要求1所述的碱性蓄电池,其特征在于,
初次充放电前的隔板的空穴率为50~70%。
3.如权利要求1所述的碱性蓄电池,其特征在于,
初次充放电前的极板组的体积相对于电槽容积的比例为85~95%。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2001140964 | 2001-05-11 | ||
JP2001140964A JP4126684B2 (ja) | 2001-05-11 | 2001-05-11 | ニッケル水素二次電池 |
JP2001-140964 | 2001-05-11 |
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CN1303704C true CN1303704C (zh) | 2007-03-07 |
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EP (1) | EP1256994B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4126684B2 (zh) |
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JP4031620B2 (ja) | 2001-04-09 | 2008-01-09 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | ニッケル水素蓄電池およびその使用方法 |
JP3709197B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-25 | 2005-10-19 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 円筒形電池及びその製造方法 |
CN101194219A (zh) | 2005-06-08 | 2008-06-04 | 鲍尔卡斯特公司 | 使用rf能量采集的供电装置 |
US20090102296A1 (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2009-04-23 | Powercast Corporation | Powering cell phones and similar devices using RF energy harvesting |
KR101084909B1 (ko) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-11-17 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 전극조립체블록 및 그 제조 방법, 이차전지 및 그 제조 방법 |
EP3676937A4 (en) | 2017-09-01 | 2021-06-02 | Powercast Corporation | METHODS, SYSTEMS AND APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC RF POWER TRANSMISSION AND SINGLE ANTENNA ENERGY RECOVERY |
WO2019113127A2 (en) | 2017-12-04 | 2019-06-13 | Greene Charles E | Methods, systems, and apparatus for wireless recharging of battery-powered devices |
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JP3519775B2 (ja) | 1994-03-16 | 2004-04-19 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 密閉型ニッケル−水素蓄電池 |
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2001
- 2001-05-11 JP JP2001140964A patent/JP4126684B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-05-10 EP EP02253305A patent/EP1256994B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-10 US US10/142,157 patent/US6835501B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-10 CN CNB021189773A patent/CN1303704C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-10 DE DE60215253T patent/DE60215253T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1094852A (zh) * | 1993-04-23 | 1994-11-09 | 帕尔公司 | 电池的电极隔板 |
CN1112295A (zh) * | 1994-01-18 | 1995-11-22 | 帕尔公司 | 电池隔膜 |
WO1999065093A1 (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 1999-12-16 | Dsm N.V. | Battery separator |
CN1288267A (zh) * | 1999-09-14 | 2001-03-21 | 日本巴依林株式会社 | 电池用隔板 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030003366A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
JP2002343417A (ja) | 2002-11-29 |
JP4126684B2 (ja) | 2008-07-30 |
EP1256994A3 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
EP1256994A2 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
DE60215253D1 (de) | 2006-11-23 |
US6835501B2 (en) | 2004-12-28 |
CN1385909A (zh) | 2002-12-18 |
DE60215253T2 (de) | 2007-01-18 |
EP1256994B1 (en) | 2006-10-11 |
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