CN101194219A - 使用rf能量采集的供电装置 - Google Patents

使用rf能量采集的供电装置 Download PDF

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CN101194219A
CN101194219A CNA2006800200923A CN200680020092A CN101194219A CN 101194219 A CN101194219 A CN 101194219A CN A2006800200923 A CNA2006800200923 A CN A2006800200923A CN 200680020092 A CN200680020092 A CN 200680020092A CN 101194219 A CN101194219 A CN 101194219A
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sensor
equipment according
power
sensor comprises
square frame
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约翰·G·希勒
查尔斯·E·格林
丹尼尔·W·哈里斯特
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Powercast Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/16—Circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/001—Energy harvesting or scavenging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
    • G06K19/0702—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement including a battery
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
    • G06K19/0707—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement being capable of collecting energy from external energy sources, e.g. thermocouples, vibration, electromagnetic radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/16—Circuits
    • H04B1/1607—Supply circuits

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

本发明揭示一种针对应用的设备，其包含针对所述应用的核心装置。所述设备包含连接到所述核心装置以对所述核心装置供电的功率(优选为RF能量)采集器。本发明还揭示一种针对应用的方法。所述方法包含将RF能量转换为可用能量的步骤。存在用所述可用能量对所述核心装置供电的步骤。

Description

使用RF能量采集的供电装置
技术领域
本发明涉及对装置进行无线供电。更明确地说，本发明涉及用功率采集器对装置进行无线供电。
背景技术
随着处理器能力扩展且功率要求减小，完全不依赖电线或电源线而操作的装置正在不断发展。这些“无系留”装置包括手机和无线键盘以及建筑物传感器和有源RFID标签。
这些无系留装置的工程师和设计师仍然必须将便携式电源(主要是电池)的限制作为关键设计参数来处理。虽然处理器和便携式装置的性能由摩耳定律驱动而每18-24个月加倍，但容量方面的电池技术仅每年增长很少的6％。即使利用功率自觉设计和最新的电池技术，许多装置仍不能针对需要大量无系留装置的应用(例如，后勤保障和建筑物设备自动化)提供使用期限成本和维护要求。如今的需要双向通信的装置需要每3到18个月进行定期维护以对装置的电源(通常为电池)进行更换或再充电。简单地广播其状态(单向)的单向装置(例如，自动化需给电表读数器)的电池寿命较好，通常10年内需要进行更换。对于所述两种装置类型，定期电源维护较昂贵，且对于装置希望监视和/或控制的整个系统具有破坏性。非定期维护行为更为昂贵和具有破坏性。从宏观上来说，与内部电池相关联的相对较高的成本还减少了可部署的装置的实际或经济上可行的数目。
对无系留装置的功率问题的理想解决方案是可收集并利用来自外部环境的充足能量的装置或系统。所利用的能量接着将直接对无系留装置供电或扩增电池或其它存储组件。直接对无系留装置供电实现在不需要电池的情况下构造所述装置。扩增存储组件可遵循两种方式进行：1)增加装置的总体寿命，或2)通过向装置提供较多功率来增加装置的功能性。理想解决方案的其它参数是，利用装置可用于包含恶劣和封闭环境(例如，核反应堆)的广范范围的环境中，生产成本将较便宜，对人类将是安全的，且对无系留装置的基本尺寸、重量和其它物理特性将具有最小影响。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种针对应用的设备。所述设备包括针对所述应用的优选具有集成电路的核心装置。所述设备包括连接到所述核心装置以对所述核心装置供电的功率采集器(优选为射频(RF)能量采集器)。
本发明涉及一种针对应用的设备。所述设备包括针对所述应用的优选具有集成电路的核心装置。所述设备包括用于以无线方式接收能量并将功率从所述能量中提供到核心装置以对所述核心装置的集成电路供电的装置。所述接收装置连接到所述核心装置。
本发明涉及一种针对应用的方法。所述方法包括将RF能量转换为可用能量的步骤。存在优选地用所述可用能量对核心装置的集成电路供电的步骤。
本发明涉及一种使用射频(RF)能量作为能量来源来直接对装置供电或扩增装置中的功率存储组件的技术。本发明满足以上“背景技术”段落中描述的要求。
传统的RF接收装置关注于使频率的选择性最大化，其与外界隔绝并且自成一体，而不受其它来源的干涉。相比之下，虽然本发明在特定频率或频率范围下操作，但所述装置接受任何干涉以补充装置的输出功率。并且，关于使用RF能量作为来源的功率采集的研究主要关注于处于来源(感应或近场能量)附近的装置。在大多数情况下，现有技术研究采用专门或定向RF来源对装置供电。
不应将本发明与通过感应耦合进行的功率转换相混淆，功率转换要求装置相对较接近功率发射源。作者Klaus Finkenzeller所著的RFID手册将感应耦合区定义为发射器与接收器之间小于0.16×λ的距离，其中λ是RF波的波长。本发明可在近场(有时称为感应)区以及远场区中实施。远场区是大于0.16×λ的距离。
本发明的目的是提供一种达成以下目标的方法和设备：
1.在不使用直接布线的情况下远程地为无系留装置供能
2.对功率存储组件供电或扩增其寿命，使其与装置的寿命匹配，且最终在使用或不使用电池的情况下对离网型(off-grid)装置供电
3.使得无系留装置几乎无需维护
4.为其它能量采集技术(太阳能、压电等)提供扩增
5.为系留装置提供后备功率
本发明的另一目的是结合其它功率采集技术和存储元件直接对装置供电，或扩增装置中的功率存储组件。
利用这种方法和设备，装置的功率存储组件不需要更换，因此使装置能够永久地离网放置，在此情况下提供维护可能在物理上不可行、较昂贵或危险(由于恶劣环境的缘故)。
对于网上(on-grid)(系留)或具有可靠电源的装置，万一主电源丢失，RF功率采集可用作后备。
附图说明
附图中，说明本发明的优选实施例和实践本发明的优选方法，其中：
图1是用于直接对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图2是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图3是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图4是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图5是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图6是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图7是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图8是与功率存储方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图9是与功率存储方框通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图10是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图11是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图12是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图13是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图14是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图15是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图16是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图17是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图18是对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图19是对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框和与功率存储方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图20是对功率存储充电器和核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图21是对功率存储充电器和核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框和与功率存储方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图22是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图23是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图24是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图25是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图26是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图27是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图28是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信的RF功率采集方框和对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图29是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图30是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图31是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图32是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图33是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图34是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图35是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图36是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图37是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图38是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信并用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图39是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信并用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图40是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图41是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信并用于对核心装置组件供电且用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图42是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信并用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图43是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图44是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信的RF功率采集方框和对核心装置组件供电并用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图45是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信并用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图46是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对核心装置组件供电且用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图47是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图48是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信并用于对核心装置组件供电且用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图49是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对核心装置组件供电且用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图50是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图51是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路通信并用于对核心装置组件供电且用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图52是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对核心装置组件供电且用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图53是与功率调整和/或功率存储电路以及功率存储方框通信并用于对核心装置组件供电且用于对功率存储充电器供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图54是使用天线A直接对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图55是使用天线A对功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图56是使用天线A对功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框供电并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图57是用于直接对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图58是用于对功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图59是用于对功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框供电并用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图60是用于直接对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图61是用于直接对核心装置组件供电并与替代电源方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图62是与替代电源方框通信并用于直接对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图63是与替代电源方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图64是与功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图65是与功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图66是与功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框以及替代电源方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图67是与功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图68是与功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框以及替代电源方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图69是与替代电源方框以及功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图70是与替代电源方框以及功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图71是与替代电源方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图72是与替代电源方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图73是与替代电源方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图74是用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图75是用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图76是用于对核心装置组件供电并与替代电源方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图77是用于对核心装置组件供电的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图78是用于对核心装置组件供电并与替代电源方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图79是用于对核心装置组件供电并与替代电源方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图80是用于对核心装置组件供电并与替代电源通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图81是用于对核心装置组件供电并与功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图82是用于对核心装置组件供电并与功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图83是用于对核心装置组件供电并与功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框以及替代电源方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图84是用于对核心装置组件供电并与功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图85是用于对核心装置组件供电并与功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框以及替代电源方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图86是用于对核心装置组件供电并与替代电源方框以及功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图87是用于对核心装置组件供电并与替代电源方框以及功率调整、存储和/或存储充电方框通信的RF功率采集方框的方框图。
图88是用于装置的整个功率系统的方框图。
图89是用于对具有传感器的核心装置供电的功率采集方框的方框图。
图90是用于对具有计算机外围设备的核心装置供电的功率采集方框的方框图。
具体实施方式
结合附图各图，根据以下描述内容将获得对本发明的完整理解，各图中相同参考标号始终表示相同零件。
图中展示针对应用的设备10。所述设备10包括针对所述应用的优选具有集成电路36的核心装置22。所述设备10包括连接到所述核心装置22以对所述核心装置22供电的功率采集器20。
设备10优选地包含替代电源24，其连接到核心装置22以结合功率采集器20对核心装置22供电。优选地，设备10包含连接到功率采集器20的功率调整器26和/或功率存储电路28。设备10优选地包含连接到功率采集器20的功率存储充电器30。优选地，设备10包含连接到功率采集器20的功率存储装置。
优选地，核心装置22包含存储器38，其连接到集成电路36并连接到功率采集器20以对存储器36供电。
核心装置22可包含传感器32，如图89所示。传感器32可包含接近传感器、侵入传感器、环境传感器、化学传感器、生物传感器、与汽车联系的传感器、占位传感器、运动传感器、位置传感器、金属检测器，或与飞机联系的传感器32。传感器32可包含：报警器，其连接到功率采集器20以对报警器供电；显示器，其连接到功率采集器20以对显示器供电；设置在建筑物中的传感器32；工业自动化传感器；与升降机联系的传感器32；温度传感器；火灾传感器；或加速计。
传感器32可包含水平传感器、气体水平传感器、流体水平传感器、光水平传感器。传感器32可包含流量传感器、气体流量传感器、流体流量传感器、光流量传感器，或等离子流量传感器。
传感器32可包含压力传感器、气体压力传感器、流体压力传感器、光传感器，红外光传感器、紫外光传感器、x射线传感器、宇宙射线传感器、可见光传感器、伽马射线传感器、应力传感器、应变传感器、深度传感器，或电特性传感器。
传感器32包含电压传感器、电流传感器、粘度传感器、听觉传感器、声音传感器、收听传感器、厚度传感器、密度传感器、表面质量传感器、体积传感器、物理传感器、质量传感器、重量传感器、电导率传感器、距离传感器、方位传感器，或振动传感器。
传感器32可包含放射性传感器、场强传感器、电场传感器或磁场传感器、烟雾检测器、一氧化碳检测器、氡检测器、空气质量传感器、湿度传感器、玻璃破裂传感器，或分裂射束检测器。传感器可包含热能传感器、电磁传感器、机械传感器、光学传感器、辐射传感器、与车辆联系的传感器，或与船舶联系的传感器32。
本发明涉及一种针对应用的设备10。所述设备10包括针对所述应用的优选具有集成电路36的核心装置22。所述设备10包括用于以无线方式接收能量并将来自所述能量的功率提供到核心装置22以对所述核心装置22的集成电路36供电的装置。所述接收装置连接到所述核心装置22。优选地，核心装置22包含用于感测的装置。
本发明涉及一种针对应用的方法。所述方法包括将RF能量转换为可用能量的步骤。存在优选地用所述可用能量对核心装置22的集成电路36供电的步骤。
优选地，存在调整提供到核心装置22的可用能量的步骤。优选地存在存储可用能量的步骤。优选地，存在结合可用能量从替代电源24将功率提供到核心装置22的步骤。
或者，核心装置22可包含计算机外围设备34，如图90所示。计算机外围设备34可包含手持式游戏、游戏系统、游戏控制器、控制器、键盘、鼠标、计算机终端、计算机存储装置，或计算机设备。
本发明可以多种方式实施。图1-90中描绘这些方式中的若干方式。这些图含有以多种方式配置的多个方框。
各图中，除非另外陈述，否则箭头表示功率的流动。单头(单向)箭头表示功率从一个方框流向另一个方框。单头箭头可表示将功率从一个方框提供到另一方框中的多个零件的多个电线。双头(双向)箭头表示可使功率在任一方向上流动的单一电线，或每一者使功率在单一方向上的流动的多个电线。
作为实例，RF功率采集20方框与功率调整26和/或功率存储电路28方框之间的双头箭头可表示允许所采集的功率流进例如电容器的存储装置中的单一电线。相同方框图还可表示两个方框之间的两个电线，其中第一电线允许所采集的功率流进电压调整器26中。第二电线可允许经调整的电压反馈到RF功率采集20方框，以将功率提供到内部组件(例如，晶体管)从而提高RF功率采集20方框的性能。
下文详细描述每一方框。每一方框表示下文描述的与其相关联的功能性。举例来说，RF功率采集20方框描述功率采集器20，且功率调整26和/或功率存储电路28方框描述功率调整器26和功率存储电路28。
装置的功率系统方框
装置的功率系统方框包含对装置供电所需的所有组件/电路。此方框可包含RF功率采集20方框、功率调整26和/或功率存储电路28方框、功率存储方框，和/或功率存储充电器30方框(所有均在下文进行论述)。
RF功率采集20方框
RF功率采集20方框连接到天线。所述天线可以或可以不用作核心装置22组件的通信天线。RF功率采集20方框用于将由天线俘获的能量转换为可用功率，例如直流(DC)电压。
此方框可包含天线匹配、整流电路、电压变换电路，和/或其它性能优化电路。整流电路可包含二极管、晶体管或某一其它整流装置或组合。整流电路的实例包含(但不限于)半波、全波和电压倍增电路。
RF功率采集20方框的输出是DC电压或电流。RF功率采集20方框可接受来自其它电路或方框的反馈(或输入)，所述反馈可用于控制采集电路以改进性能或改变输出。此反馈可包含(但不限于)来自核心装置22组件的DC电压或时钟。
以引用的方式并入本文中的第6,615,074号专利(图8、9、12a、12b、13、14)展示可用于实施所描述的方框和功能的RF功率采集电路的大量实例。
功率调整26和/或功率存储电路28方框
可能有必要针对特定装置调整经转换功率(即，将功率保持在恒定电平)。将需要此方框的装置要求相当恒定的电压或电流。与必需值偏离可能导致装置不在其规范内运作。
可以许多不同方式实施调整。所述方框可简单到使用齐纳二极管以将电压保持在恒定电平的程度，或复杂到使用集成电路(例如，线性电压调整器26或开关调整器26)以将电压保持在恒定电平的程度。
某些装置具有较高容差性的功率要求。对于这些装置，可排除调整阶段。
此方框还可包含(具有或不具有调整)存储装置，例如电容器、电池或某一其它能够存储电荷的装置。功率调整26和/或功率存储电路28方框的输出可用作对于装置的功率系统方框内的其它方框或对于替代电源24方框(下文描述)的反馈(如果它们需要经调整的电源电压或所存储的功率)。
以引用的方式并入本文中的第6,894,467号专利(图1、3)“Linear VoltageRegulator”是实施所述方框中描述的调整的实际应用的实例。以引用的方式并入本文中的第6,297,618号专利(图1-4)“Power storage device and method ofmeasuring voltage ofstorage battery”是实施所述方框中描述的存储的实际应用的实例。
功率存储充电器30方框
如果装置的功率存储组件需要特殊的充电机制(例如，脉冲充电或涓流充电)，那么可能需要功率存储充电器30方框。此方框控制如何将所俘获并经转换的功率供应到功率存储组件。
以引用的方式并入本文中的第6,836,095号专利(图1-3)“Battery Charging Methodand Apparatus”是实施所述方框中描述的特殊充电机制的实际应用的实例。
功率存储方框
如果装置具有间歇功率要求，那么可能有必要存储所俘获的功率以供稍后时间使用。功率可存储在功率存储方框中，所述功率存储方框可包含电池、电容器和/或其它类型的功率存储组件。功率存储组件包含(但不限于)电池(可再充电和不可再充电)、电容器、电感器、燃料电池和其它功率存储元件。
功率存储方框的输出可用作对于装置的功率系统内的其它方框或对于替代电源24方框的反馈(如果它们需要专门且可预测的电源电压)。
以引用的方式并入本文中的第6,297,618号专利(图1-4)“Power Storage Deviceand Method of Measuring Voltage of Storage Battery”是实施所述方框中描述的存储的实际应用的实例。以引用的方式并入本文中的第6,835,501号专利“Alkaline RechargeableBattery”也是实施所述方框中描述的存储的实际应用的实例。
核心装置22组件方框
核心装置22组件方框是装置的从装置的功率系统接收功率的部分。此方框可以是(但不限于)本文件后续页中列举的装置。可能有利的是，核心装置22组件方框与向其供电的方框的任一者通信。此通信可包含(但不限于)反馈控制信号，例如时钟或开/关命令。作为实例，当装置正从RF功率采集20方框接收充足功率时，装置可能希望断开替代电源24方框。
替代电源24方框
RF能量采集还具有由其它类型的功率采集、存储组件或专门来源(例如，功率线)扩增的能力。替代电源24方框展示可如何实施这种类型的系统。扩增功率采集技术包含(但不限于)太阳能、光(可见和不可见)、压电、振动、声音、热、微型发电机、风，和其它环境要素。此方框可独立于其它方框而工作或与其它方框通信。
以引用的方式并入本文中的第6,784,358号专利“Solar Cell Structure Utilizingan Amorphous Silicon Discrete By-Pass Diode”是实施所述方框描述的替代电源24的实际应用的实例。以引用的方式并入本文中的第6,858,970号专利“Multi-Frequency Piezoelectric Energy Harvester”也是实施所述方框描述的替代电源24的实际应用的实例。
功率调整26、存储28和/或存储充电30方框
功率调整26、存储28和/或存储充电30方框含有功率调整26和/或功率存储电路28方框、功率存储充电器30方框以及功率存储方框的所有组合。此方框在稍后图中使用以减少展示所述方框可如何互连所需的图的数目。
所揭示的发明是一种针对应用的设备和方法，其通过天线收回射频(RF)能量，将所述能量转换为直流(DC)功率、使用优化电路调整所述能量，将所述能量存储在优化组件中，和/或为特定装置供电。
收回RF能量
通过使用天线从环境中收回RF能量。相对于用于装置的无线通信的天线而言，所述天线可以是共享或独立的。图54-56展示具有供RF功率采集器20使用的天线A和用于无线单向或双向通信的天线B的装置。图57-59展示其中天线由装置的通信模块(核心装置22组件内)和RF功率采集器20两者共享的装置。在形状因数方面，设备10所使用的天线可以是单独组件或直接集成到装置的形状因数中。
天线能够俘获两种类型的可用RF能量。第一种类型的能量作为周围RF能量存在。这种类型的RF在我们的日常生活中处于我们周围，且通常经产生以承载语音、视频和数据通信的单向或双向组合。天线可采集的来源包含(但不限于)中频AM无线电广播、甚高频(VHF)FM无线电广播和电视广播、超高频(UHF)广播、蜂窝式基站、无线数据接入点、超高频(SHF)频率，和工业、科学及医药设备(ISM)频带。这些来源涵盖从300kHz到30GHz的发射频率。
第二种类型的可用能量是定向RF能量。这种类型的RF能量是从经特殊设计以传递RF能量供天线采集的发射器引导的。发射器可配置为独立装置或集成到现有装置中。
能量转换为DC
由天线俘获的RF能量必须针对特定装置而转换为有用形式的能量。这种转换在所有图(1-90)中以方框的形式展示为RF功率采集20方框。最普通形式的可用能量是DC能量。为了执行这种转换，所述方框包含对所俘获的交流电(AC)能量进行整流以产生DC能量的电路。此方框中的整流可利用二极管、晶体管或某一其它整流装置或组合来进行。
能量的整流
可能有必要针对特定装置调整经转换功率(将功率保持在恒定电平)。图2-7、10-17和22-53展示可如何使用功率调整26和/或功率存储电路28方框来实施此调整。将需要此方框的装置要求相当恒定的电压或电流。与必需值偏离可导致装置不在其规范内运作。可以许多不同方式实施调整。所述方框可简单到使用齐纳二极管将电压保持在恒定电平的程度，或复杂到使用集成电路(例如，线性电压调整器26或开关调整器26)将电压保持在恒定电平的程度。某些装置具有容差性较高的功率要求。对于这些装置，可排除调整阶段。
能量的存储
如果装置具有间歇功率要求(例如图2-53所例示的装置)，那么可能有必要存储所俘获的功率以供稍后时间使用。功率可存储在功率存储方框或者功率调整26和/或功率存储电路28方框中。存储装置可包含(但不限于)电池、电容器或另一类型的功率存储组件。在某些应用中，可能有必要包含控制如何将功率转移到存储装置的额外电路。图18-53中展示功率存储充电器30方框。如果功率存储组件需要特殊的充电机制(例如，脉冲充电或涓流充电)，那么可能需要此功率存储充电器30方框。功率存储组件包含(但不限于)电池(可再充电和不可再充电)、电容器、电感器、燃料电池和其它存储元件。存在将不需要存储的装置。这些装置可在断开经转换功率的情况下直接运作。这些装置还可能或可能不需要调整所俘获的功率。
供电
所俘获的DC功率(其可能或可能未经调整和/或存储)供应到装置，所述装置在图中由核心装置22组件方框表示。这可以是单一连接，或其可对装置的多个零件供电。
RF能量采集还具有由其它类型的功率采集或存储组件扩增的能力。其它功率采集技术包含(但不限于)太阳能、光(可见和不可见)、压电、振动、声音、热、微型发电机、风，和其它环境要素。功率存储组件包含(但不限于)电池(可再充电和不可再充电)、电容器、电感器、燃料电池和其它存储元件。图60-88展示替代电源24方框可如何连接到RF能量采集系统。这些图展示RF能量采集20方框和替代电源24方框可如何独立地工作或彼此通信。图54-59所示的天线配置在添加替代电源24方框时仍然适用。这些天线配置可应用于图60-88。
RF能量采集还具有为网上(系留)或具有可靠电源的装置提供后备的能力，万一主电源丢失，可使用RF能量采集。作为实例，可能受规则要求：万一主电源丢失，传感器具有辅助电源。可能使用当主电源操作时从主电源获得电荷的可再充电电池。然而，如果主电源丢失持续大于可再充电电池的寿命的时间，那么不能满足不间断功率的规范。当主电源不可用时，RF能量可用于对所描述的装置供电。主电源可包含(但不限于)网上连接、发电机、电池或其它可靠的电源。
具有或不具有替代电源扩增的RF能量采集适用于将电功率直接或间接提供到任何特定电或电子装置中包含的一系列电子组件，且包含(但不限于)：
·无源电子组件、有源电子组件
·电阻器、固定电阻器、可变电阻器、热敏电阻器、闸流晶体管、热电偶
·电容器、电解电容器、钽电容器、陶瓷电容器、多层陶瓷电容器、聚苯乙烯薄膜电容器、电双层电容器(超级电容器)、聚酯薄膜电容器、聚丙烯电容器、云母电容器、金属化聚酯薄膜电容器、可变电容器
·二极管、电压调整二极管、发光二极管、有机发光二极管、可变电容二极管、整流二极管、开关二极管、调整二极管、二极管电桥、肖特基势垒二极管、隧道二极管、PIN二极管、齐纳二极管、雪崩二极管、TVS
·集成电路、微控制器单元(MCU)、微处理器单元(MPU)、逻辑电路、存储器、印刷电路、电路板、印刷布线板
·晶体管、MOSFET、FET、BJT、JFET、IGBT、继电器、天线、半导体、导体、电感器、继电器、二端交流开关元件、三端双向可控硅开关元件、SCR、MOV
·熔丝、断路器
·电池、不可再充电电池、可再充电电池、硬币式电池(coin cell battery)、纽扣式电池(button cell battery)、碱性电池、锂电池、锂离子电池、锂聚合物电池、NIMH电池、NICAD电池、铅酸电池、锌空气电池、锰锂电池、铌钛锂电池、五氧化二钒锂电池、碳化锌电池、氯化锌电池、锂亚硫酰氯电池、二氧化锰电池、锂聚氟化碳电池、锂二氧化锰电池、氯化锂电池、铅酸钙电池、铅酸锡电池、氧化镍电池、氧化银电池、镁电池
·电感器、线圈、高频线圈、环形线圈、变压器、开关、扼流圈
·马达、DC马达、步进马达、AC马达、风扇
·晶体、振荡器、时钟、定时器
·显示器、LCD、LED显示器
具有或不具有替代电源扩增的RF能量采集适用于一系列市场和特定装置，且包含(但不限于)：
消费型电子元件
·电子设备、有线装置、电池供电装置、无线通信装置、手机、电话机、电话、无绳电话、便携式电话、蓝牙装置、蓝牙耳机、免提耳机、耳机、头戴受话器、无线耳机、收音机、AM/FM收音机、短波收音机、气象收音机、双向收音机、便携式收音机、灯、幻灯、便携式灯、闪光灯、夜间照明灯、聚光灯、探照灯、计算器、图形计算器、台式计算器、时钟、闹钟、挂钟、台钟、旅行时钟、表、手表、怀表、秒表、定时器、录音机、录音电话、激光指示器、电动工具、无绳电动工具、电子剃刀、电剃刀、手持式游戏、游戏系统、游戏控制器、无线游戏控制器、远程控制、电池充电器、计算机、便携式计算机、无钥进入系统、玩具、玩具枪、玩具激光枪、游戏、麦克风、乐器、音乐效果处理器、乐器调谐器、节拍器、电子弦谱、开门器、车库开门器、PDA、相机、录影机、多量程仪表、电子测试设备、手持式电子元件、便携式电子元件、无线笔、发声器、噪音发生器、语言翻译机、电动牙刷、便携式电视、寻呼机、收发器、玩具车、遥控车辆、玩具飞机、遥控飞机、宠物收容系统、隐形栅栏宠物传感器、存储器后备、基站电池后备、电器电池后备、不间断电源、GPS装置、存储器保留电源、金属检测器、铁钉探测器、金属铁钉探测器、眩晕枪、泰瑟枪、可佩带装置、婴儿监视器、对讲机、门铃、无线门铃、电子办公用品、电子钉书机、雷达干扰机、雷达检测器、数字标尺、缩微胶卷盒式磁带、视频头戴测试器、指南针、噪音消除头戴受话器、空气取样器、深度探测器、气压计、气象测量器具、数据转移装置、自动遇险信令单元、无线音频扬声器、卫星无线电设备、警方扫描器、车辆导航系统(GPS装置)、装璜灯、圣诞灯、庭园灯、草坪灯、装饰灯、走廊灯
-多媒体播放器：MP3、DVD、模拟音乐播放器、CD播放器、磁带播放器、数字音乐播放器、数字视频播放器、小型磁盘
-计算机：键盘、鼠标、外围设备、计算机设备、电子计算机、计算机存储装置、计算机终端
·建筑物/工业自动化
-传感器：位置、升降机、温度、火灾、加速计、水平、气体水平、流体水平、光水平、流量、气体流量、流体流量、光流量、等离子流量、压力、气体压力、流体压力、运动、光、红外光、紫外光、X射线、宇宙射线、可见光、伽马射线、化学、应力、应变、深度、电特性、电压、电流、粘度、听觉、声音、收听、厚度、密度、表面质量、体积、物理、质量、重量、力、电导率、距离、方位、振动、放射性、场强、电场强度、磁场强度、占位、烟雾检测器、一氧化碳检测器、氡检测器、空气质量、湿度、玻璃破裂、分裂射束检测器
-控制：位置、升降机、温度、火灾、加速计、水平、气体水平、流体水平、光水平、流量、气体流量、流体流量、光流量、等离子流量、压力、气体压力、流体压力、运动、光、红外光、紫外光、X射线、宇宙射线、可见光、伽马射线、化学、应力、应变、深度、电特性、电压、电流、粘度、听觉、声音、收听、厚度、密度、表面质量、体积、物理、质量、重量、力、电导率、距离、方位、振动、放射性、场强、电场强度、磁场强度、占位、烟雾检测器、一氧化碳检测器、氡检测器、空气质量、湿度
-装置：恒温器、灯开关、门锁、智能卡门锁、照明、应急照明、运动照明、安全照明、公路照明、施工照明、广告照明、道路广告照明、施工广告照明、自动冲洗单元、自动肥皂分发器、自动纸巾分发器、自动龙头、自动门传感器、标识读取器、指纹读取器、信用卡读取器、卡读取器、阀动器、标准尺、模拟标准尺、数字标准尺、灭火器、无线开关、远程操作检查设备、气体/油管道监视系统、机器人管道检查标准尺、用于电力线的“自动重合闸”、声纳浮标、遥测系统、电子记录跟踪系统、抢劫行为跟踪装置、询问器、程序设计器、紧急出口警报、警报、水灾警报、气体警报、电子进入系统、安全小键盘、竖井传感器、数据记录器、信号跟踪器、抗静电条带测试器、无线电探空仪气象气球、公用设备负载控制器、表面光度计、噪声消除设备、红外信标
·军队/政府
-跟踪标签：武器、车辆、士兵、装备/资产、职员、一般人群、安全通行标记卡
-传感器：接近、侵入、环境、化学/生物
-设备：电池充电器、监视设备、卡读取器、标识读取器、指纹读取器、视网膜扫描仪、卫星、火箭、宇宙飞船、搜索与营救发射机应答器(SART)、紧急位置指示营救信标(EPIRB)、紧急情况定位器发射器(ELT)、军用无线电设备、电子收费系统、邮政跟踪系统、通信设备、热成像、夜视、训练目标、现场医疗设备、软禁监视器、激光标签、电子停车收费计、多集成激光啮合系统、军需品和矿井、船舶传感器
·公用设备
-气体耗量表、水耗量表和电耗量表
·后勤和供应链管理
-射频识别装置(RFID)、RFID读取器
-跟踪：资产标签、货物集装箱定位信标、发射机应答器、收发器
-装置：智能价格标签、智能搁架、手持式条形码扫描仪、条形码扫描仪、信用卡读取器、卡读取器、零售标志、酒店门锁
·国土安全
-传感器：占位、接近、环境、化学/生物、运动、位置
-金属检测器杖笔
·医疗
·可植入：耳蜗植入、神经系统激发器、起搏器、给药、电震发生器
-人体功能监视器：压力、温度、呼吸、血充氧、胰岛素、助听器、脉冲、EKG、心脏、霍尔德系统(Holter)
-跟踪标签：患者、婴儿识别、资产、供应品、职员、药物、器具
-装置：家庭保健设备、便携式输液泵、血液分析仪、生物反馈系统、骨生长激发器、体温计、数字体温计、激发器、电流激发器、肌肉激发器、儿科标尺
·农业-牲畜跟踪和资产跟踪
-跟踪：牲畜、资产、野生动植物跟踪装置
-设备：赶牛杆
·汽车
-汽车天线、汽车音频系统、汽车照明、汽车视频系统、计算机、处理器、控制装置、开关、电动马达、致动器、点火系统、起动器系统、注射系统、动力系电子元件、雷达检测器、接近检测器、安全系统、传感器、调整器、分配器、车辆控制、刮水器系统、洗涤器系统、无线电设备、视频系统、娱乐系统、导航系统、GPS系统、动力镜系统、放射控制系统
·电器
-用于大型和小型电器的监视系统和控制系统，所述电器包含：洗衣机、干燥机、冰箱、冷冻箱、冷却器、空气调节器、增湿器、减湿器、空气滤净器、空气过滤器、风扇、炉子、热水器、蒸煮器、空间加热器、播种机、制冰机、微波炉、对流烘箱、烘箱、烤箱、多功能炉灶、除油烟机、炉灶面、电炉、电炉面、克罗克电锅、加热板、洗碗机、垃圾处置器、开罐器、真空吸尘器、搅拌机、混合机、食品加工机、熨斗、煮咖啡机、烤面包器、烤架、干发器、电动牙刷、电动剃刀、电钻、电改锥、链锯、割草机、手推割草机、乘式割草机、修剪器、灌木清除机、修枝剪刀、轧边机、自动售货机，
·通风、加热、空气调节和商用制冷设备
-监视系统、控制系统
·引擎、涡轮和动力传送设备
·监视系统、控制系统
·其它通用机械设备制造
-监视系统、控制系统
·电信
-监视系统、控制系统
-便携式
·飞机
-监视系统、控制系统、致动器系统、传感器
应注意，即使未明确列举，但属于特定类别的装置可适用于多个领域。(例如，温度传感器适用于工业和建筑物自动化以及电器)。
为了对所列举的装置进行更新或重新设计，可能以多种方式实施所描述的系统。可能有利的是，使装置设计按现状包含现有电源。作为实例，装置可使用不可再充电电池来操作。装置将很可能具有保护电路以防止当不正确地安装电池时所引起的损坏。保护机制通常是与电池的正极端子串联的二极管。在此情况下，具有或不具有替代电源24的RF功率采集器20可与天线一起插入到装置中。RF功率采集器20(和替代电源24，如果适用的话)所产生的功率可在所描述的保护机制之后连接到装置以避免对不可再充电电池进行潜在充电。
配置装置的功率系统的另一方式是用可再充电电池替代不可再充电电池。在此情况下，RF功率采集器20(和替代电源24)的输出可连接到保护装置的任一侧。如果连接在保护机制之前，那么RF功率采集器20(和替代电源24，如果适用的话)将对电池进行再充电并对装置供电。如果连接在保护机制之后，那么RF功率采集器20(和替代电源24，如果适用的话)将对装置供电，且电池将供应RF功率采集器20(和替代电源24，如果适用的话)无法供应的所需的任何额外功率。应注意，在此情况下，保护装置不需要用于适当操作。其唯一功能将是防止电池被不正确地安装。天线可包含在装置内部或放置在装置外部。
装置的功率系统的另一配置是，去除现有电池并在为电池提供的封围体中安装RF功率采集器20(和替代电源24)。天线可包含在装置内部或放置在装置外部。
配置装置的功率系统的又一种方法将是，减少电池数目并用RF功率采集器20(和替代电源24)替代它们。在此情况下，系统的输出将依据原始电池配置而串联或并联连接到电池。天线可包含在装置内部或放置在装置外部。
附加选择将是，完全重新设计产品并将所需的电路和存储组件集成到装置中。这种方法可能是最有利的，因为其可完全利用RF功率采集器20(和替代电源24)所提供的益处。天线可包含在装置内部或放置在装置外部。
如果RF功率采集器20(和替代电源24)用作主电源的后备，那么可将开关实施到系统中以便当主电源丢失时接通RF功率采集器20(和替代电源24)。在此情况下，天线可包含在装置内部或放置在装置外部。
为了展示RF能量采集的灵活性，对若干产品进行更新以包含RF功率采集器20(能量采集电路)。这些产品包含无线键盘、挂钟和台式计算器。
无线键盘是对电池再充电和扩增以对装置供电的实例。图13中展示此系统。调整电路的输出对电池再充电并对键盘供电。电池也用于对键盘供电。键盘还包含用于接收功率并用于数据通信的单独天线。天线配置可见图55。
挂钟是直接供电系统的实例。挂钟经更新以包含RF功率采集器20，且去除了内部AA电池。图2中展示此系统。挂钟不需要调整，但确实需要电容器以用于存储，从而供应功率脉冲以使秒针移动。
计算器是使用RF能量采集以及另一能量采集技术的实例。计算器具有内部1.5V硬币电池和小型太阳能电池板。去除内部电池，然而太阳能电池板保持原状。图60中展示此系统。在此系统中，计算器可从太阳能电池板和RF功率采集器20两者接收功率从而不需要电池。
作为附加实例，与第6,615,074号专利(图8、9、12a、12b、13、14)所示的RF功率采集器类似的RF功率采集器20(能量采集电路)与0.5V太阳能电池串联连接。太阳能电池各自能够向10千欧姆电阻器提供0.480V，所述电阻器用于模拟核心装置22组件。这对应于23微瓦。当由1毫瓦的RF功率供电时，RF功率采集电路自身能够在10千欧姆电阻器上提供2.093V。这对应于438微瓦。接着，通过将RF能量采集电路的输出连接到太阳能电池的接地而组合两个电路输出。接着，将太阳能电池的输出连接到电阻器。电阻器的另一端连接到RF能量采集电路的接地。在电路如图63所示连接的情况下，电阻器上的电压为2.445V。这对应于598微瓦。
可以看出，两种技术的组合产生的结果高于添加各个电源。由此可确定，两种技术可以产生有利结果的方式协作。
在给定的实例中，太阳能电池产生电流以对负载供电并帮助偏置RF整流二极管，这允许RF能量采集电路以较高效率操作。太阳能电池还改变RF能量采集电路所经历的阻抗，这产生有益的结果。更明确地说，当检查各个电路(太阳能和RF功率采集)的功率输出时，各个电路所俘获的功率总和为23uW+438uW＝461uW。然而，当两个电路组合并允许彼此结合而工作时，输出功率变为598uW。这一结果显示，对于此实例来说，组合两种功率采集技术使得输出功率增加30％。这种相同技术可应用于多种能量采集技术以产生更大的输出功率。下文展示针对此实例的等式。
各个电路
PI＝P1+P2+…+PN
组合电路
PC＞PI＝P1+P2+…+PN
其中PI是各个输出功率的总和
PC是组合电路的输出
P1是来自第一功率采集技术的输出功率
P2是来自第二功率采集技术的输出功率
PN是来自第N功率采集技术的输出功率
N是功率采集技术或电路的数目。
通过以上实例可看出，RF能量采集可单独使用或结合替代电源使用以对广范范围的装置供电。对装置添加RF能量采集技术可实现电池寿命延长、功能性增加或去除主电池。
尽管已出于说明的目的在以上实施例中详细描述了本发明，但应了解，此类细节仅用于所述目的，且所属领域的技术人员可在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下在其中作出变化，本发明的精神和范围仅以所附权利要求书的描述为准。

Claims (87)

1.一种针对应用的设备，其包括：
针对所述应用的具有集成电路的核心装置；以及
连接到所述核心装置以对所述核心装置的所述集成电路供电的功率采集器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其包含替代电源，所述替代电源连接到所述核心装置以结合所述功率采集器对所述核心装置供电。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其包含功率调整器和/或功率存储电路，所述功率调整器和/或功率存储电路连接到所述功率采集器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其包含功率存储充电器，所述功率存储充电器连接到所述功率采集器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其包含功率存储装置，所述功率存储装置连接到所述功率采集器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述核心装置包含存储器，所述存储器连接到所述集成电路并连接到所述功率采集器以对所述存储器供电。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其中所述核心装置包含传感器。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含接近传感器。
9.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含侵入传感器。
10.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含环境传感器。
11.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含化学传感器。
12.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含生物传感器。
13.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含与汽车联系的传感器。
14.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含占位传感器。
15.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含运动传感器。
16.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含位置传感器。
17.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含金属检测器。
18.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含与飞机联系的传感器。
19.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含报警器，所述报警器连接到所述功率采集器以对所述报警器供电。
20.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含显示器，所述显示器连接到所述功率采集器以对所述显示器供电。
21.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含设置在建筑物中的传感器。
22.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含工业自动化传感器。
23.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含与升降机联系的传感器。
24.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含温度传感器。
25.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含火灾传感器。
26.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含加速计。
27.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含水平传感器。
28.根据权利要求27所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含气体水平传感器、流体水平传感器或光水平传感器。
29.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含流量传感器。
30.根据权利要求29所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含气体流量传感器、流体流量传感器、光流量传感器，或等离子流量传感器。
31.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含压力传感器。
32.根据权利要求31所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含气体压力传感器或流体压力传感器。
33.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含光传感器。
34.根据权利要求33所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含红外光传感器、紫外光传感器、x射线传感器、宇宙射线传感器、可见光传感器或伽马射线传感器。
35.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含应力传感器。
36.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含应变传感器。
37.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含深度传感器。
38.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含电特性传感器。
39.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含电压传感器。
40.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含电流传感器。
41.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含粘度传感器。
42.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含听觉传感器。
43.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含声音传感器。
44.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含收听传感器。
45.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含厚度传感器。
46.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含密度传感器。
47.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含表面质量传感器。
48.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含体积传感器。
49.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含物理传感器。
50.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含质量传感器。
51.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含重量传感器。
52.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含电导率传感器。
53.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含距离传感器。
54.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含方位传感器。
55.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含振动传感器。
56.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含放射性传感器。
57.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含场强传感器。
58.根据权利要求57所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含电场传感器或磁场传感器。
59.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含烟雾检测器。
60.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含一氧化碳检测器。
61.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含氡检测器。
62.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含空气质量传感器。
63.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含湿度传感器。
64.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含玻璃破裂传感器。
65.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含分裂射束检测器。
66.一种针对应用的设备，其包括：
针对所述应用的具有集成电路的核心装置；以及
用于以无线方式接收能量并将来自所述能量的功率提供到所述核心装置以对所述核心装置的所述集成电路供电的装置，所述接收装置连接到所述核心装置。
67.一种针对应用的方法，其包括以下步骤：
将RF能量转换为可用能量；以及
用所述可用能量对核心装置的集成电路供电。
68.根据权利要求67所述的方法，其包含调整提供到所述核心装置的所述可用能量的步骤。
69.根据权利要求68所述的方法，其包含存储所述可用能量的步骤。
70.根据权利要求69所述的方法，其包含结合所述可用能量从替代电源所述核心装置提供功率的步骤。
71.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其中所述核心装置包含计算机外围设备。
72.根据权利要求71所述的设备，其中所述计算机外围设备包含手持式游戏。
73.根据权利要求71所述的设备，其中所述计算机外围设备包含游戏系统。
74.根据权利要求71所述的设备，其中所述计算机外围设备包含游戏控制器。
75.根据权利要求71所述的设备，其中所述计算机外围设备包含控制器。
76.根据权利要求71所述的设备，其中所述计算机外围设备包含键盘。
77.根据权利要求71所述的设备，其中所述计算机外围设备包含鼠标。
78.根据权利要求71所述的设备，其中所述计算机外围设备包含计算机终端。
79.根据权利要求71所述的设备，其中所述计算机外围设备包含计算机存储装置。
80.根据权利要求71所述的设备，其中所述计算机外围设备包含计算机设备。
81.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含热能传感器。
82.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含电磁传感器。
83.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含机械传感器。
84.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含光学传感器。
85.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含辐射传感器。
86.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含与车辆联系的传感器。
87.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中所述传感器包含与船舶联系的传感器。
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