CN1302506A - Atsc电视接收机中频道扫描和频道转换的时延的减少 - Google Patents

Atsc电视接收机中频道扫描和频道转换的时延的减少 Download PDF

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CN1302506A
CN1302506A CN98809290A CN98809290A CN1302506A CN 1302506 A CN1302506 A CN 1302506A CN 98809290 A CN98809290 A CN 98809290A CN 98809290 A CN98809290 A CN 98809290A CN 1302506 A CN1302506 A CN 1302506A
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格伦·阿瑟·赖特迈尔
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Abstract

用于在MPEG类信息流接收机中,如ATSC或DVB电视接收机,掩蔽节目选择时延的方法和装置(图1)。一个信息流接收机接收由包含节目传输流的MPEG类系统流构成的VSB或QAM调制信号。在频道扫描工作模式中,一系列被识别的节目传输流(即,频道)被顺序地从一个或多个系统流中提取出来(图2)。在频道转换工作模式中,如果期望频道是顺序扫描频道中的一个,那么,当期望频道在进行调谐、解调和多路分解操作的同时,所存储的Ⅰ帧被取出并耦合到解码器(图3)。以这种方式,调谐、解调和多路分解操作的固有时延在一定程度上被掩蔽了。而且,通过存储与预期的下一频道相关的调谐和解调参数,获取频道的实际时间被减少了。

Description

ATSC电视接收机中频道扫描和频道转换的时延的减少
本发明声明先前提交于1997年9月26日的美国临时申请号60/060112的权利要求,并通过完整引用在此并入。
本发明广义上说是关于电视接收机的,具体的说是关于可接收类似ATSC电视信号的电视接收机的。
发明背景
消费者已经习惯了当今NTSC(国家电视制式委员会)电视接收机的快速频道转换能力。此类电视接收机通过改变调谐器频率(即,调谐)并获取调制于调谐器频率(即,同步)的电视信号来转换频道。在NTSC电视接收机频道转换操作中主要的时延是改变调谐器频率所需的时间。而图象同步信息的获取是极其迅速的,因为在NTSC电视信号中水平和垂直同步信息出现频繁(即,分别为63微秒和33毫秒)。
在不远的将来,消费者所使用的电视接收机的类型将会迅速改变。特别地,未来的电视接收机被期望在实质实现上与先进电视制式委员会(ATSC)所制定的传输标准相一致。在欧洲,一个相似的标准是数字视频广播(DVB)标准。压缩的数字视频系统在ATSC数字电视标准文件A/53中有描述,这里通过引用并入。而且,运动图象专家组(MPEG)已经公布了关于数字数据传输系统的几个标准。首先,是参照ISO/IEC 11172标准的MPEG-1,这里通过引用并入。然后,是参照ISO/IEC 13818标准的MPEG-2,这里通过引用并入。
不幸的是,在遵守ATSC类标准的电视接收机中转换频道注定要比上述NTSC过程慢。具体的说,为获取一个电视信号并从信号中产生一系列的图象,一台ATSC电视接收机必须顺序地执行很多步。第一步,调谐器频率必须调整到分配给感兴趣频道的频率。第二步,为开始产生有效输出数据,VSB或QAM解调器必须完成载波恢复过程。第三步,残留边带(VSB)或正交幅度调制(QAM)解调器必须获取数据域和数据段同步信息。第四步,传输解码器必须获取包同步信息,然后为把视频和音频数据传送给不同的解码器,对所谓节目映射表(PMT)和节目存取表(PAT)解码。第五步,视频速率缓存器必须装载对应于感兴趣频道的视频数据。第六步,视频解码器开始进行可变长解码(VLD),把比特流变换成适合后续解码工作的指令和数据。第七步,在图象解压缩开始之前,视频解码器必须等待数据流中帧内编码帧(I帧)的出现。I帧出现的频率由电视广播设备的压缩编码器控制,尽管该频率可能是每发送一个12帧的图象组(GOP)有一个I帧。因此,平均时延仅视频获取一项就在6帧的数量级(大约200ms),而最坏的情况仅视频获取一项所需时延在12帧的数量级(大约400ms)。这样高的频道转换时延被认为对消费者来说是不能接受的。
因此,在ATSC电视接收机内能够提供快速或看似快速的频道转换或频道获取能力的方法和装置看起来是很有必要的。
发明概要
本发明是在MPEG类信息流接收机,如ATSC或DVB电视接收机中,掩蔽节目选择时延的一种方法和装置。
具体的说,信息流接收机接收由包含节目传输流的MPEG类系统流构成的VSB或QAM调制信号。在频道扫描工作模式中,一系列被识别的节目传输流(即,频道)顺序地从一个或多个系统流中提取出来。每个被提取的节目传输流的一部分,如包含在基本视频流内的帧内编码视频帧,被取出并存入存储器。在频道转换工作模式中,如果期望频道是已被顺序扫描的频道中的一个,则当通过调谐、解调和多路分解过程重新获取期望频道时,所存储的I帧被取出并耦合到解码器。以这种方式,调谐、解调和多路分解过程所固有的时延在一定程度上被掩蔽。而且,通过存储与下一个预期频道相关的调谐和解调参数,获取频道所需的实际时间被减少了。
图形简述
通过考虑如下与附图相关的细节描述,本发明的讲解可以很容易被理解。附图中,
图1根据本发明给出了一个ATSC接收机100的顶层框图。
图2给出了根据本发明并适用于图1所示ATSC接收机的频道扫描程序的流程图。
图3给出了根据本发明并适用于图1所示ATSC接收机的频道转换程序的流程图。
为有助于理解,在可能的地方,使用了相同的参考号码来标注不同图中的同一单元。
细节描述
本发明将在ATSC电视接收机的范围内描述。但是,对于技术娴熟者而言,很显然,本发明可应用于诸如DVB MPEG-1,MPEG-2以及其他信息流的任何分段信息流接收机中。
图1根据本发明给出了一个ATSC接收机100的顶层框图。接收机100包括一个由与输入/输出(I/O)口72和存储器单元76连接的中央处理单元(CPU)74组成的控制器70。控制器利用I/O口72接收来自如遥控单元(未给出)的用户输入命令,并产生一系列控制信号去控制接收机100的不同部分。用户输入命令包括标准电视接收机命令,如转换频道、改变音量、调节图象等等。存储器单元76用于在内部存储CPU74所使用的程序和相关的数据结构,包括一个频道扫描程序200,一个频道转换程序300和一个相关扫描清单150。
频道扫描程序200将在下面根据图2详述。简要地,当运行频道扫描程序200时,控制器70触发接收机的一个辅助处理部分,来重复调谐、解调和解码在扫描清单150内被识别的四个频道一组的部分或全部频道。至少每个被解码的频道的一部分(举例来说,一个视频I帧)为后续提取而被存储。
频道转换程序300将在下面根据图3详述。简要地,当运行频道转换程序300时,控制器70触发接收机的主处理部分,用以对与用户输入(举例来说,一个频道转换命令)相符的新频道进行调谐、解调和解码。如果该频道是包括在扫描清单50内的频道之一,则控制器70触发辅助处理部分来获取与新频道相关的最近存储的I帧。所获取的I帧随后被解码并显示。同时,新频道的音频部分被解码并送到音频输出设备。虽然在ATSC电视接收机频道转换中真实的时延是固有的,但这种方法制造了一种快速反应的表象。
参考图1,RF源5(例如,天线或有线电视分布网)产生包含一系列经残留边带(VSB)调制、正交幅度调制(QAM)或其他适当调制方式调制的电视信号的射频(RF)信号。所产生的RF电视信号耦合到第一调谐器10A和第二调谐器10B。第一调谐器10A根据控制信号TA,下变频所期望的电视信号产生第一中频(IF)电视信号IFA。第一解调器15A,例如,VSB或QAM解调器,解调第一中频(IF)电视信号IFA,产生第一MPEG类系统流SA。第一调谐器10A和第一解调器15A形成第一调谐器/解调器对。
第二调谐器10B根据控制信号TB,下变频所期望的电视信号产生第二中频(IF)电视信号IFB。第二解调器15B,例如,VSB解调器,解调第二中频(IF)电视信号IFB,产生第二MPEG类系统流SB。第二调谐器10B和第二解调器15B形成第二调谐器/解调器对。第一和第二调谐器/解调器对实际上以同样的方式工作。
第一和第二系统流SA、SB分别耦合到第一开关SW20的第一I1和第二I2输入端。第一开关SW20根据来自控制器70的控制信号SW1,把第一和第二系统流SA、SB中的一个作为第一输出流SO1耦合到第一输出端O1。第一开关SW20根据来自控制器70的控制信号SW1,把第一和第二系统流SA、SB中的一个作为第二输出流SO2耦合到第二输出端O2。第一开关SW20可以把输入流SA、SB中的任何一个耦合到输出端O1、O2的任何一个(或全部)。
第一和第二系统流SA、SB由可以包含一个或多个MPEG类节目流的MPEG类系统流组成。MPEG类节目流类似于NTSC频道,典型的节目流传送单一节目的视频和音频部分,如电影或其他视听节目。每个节目流由一系列与所传送的视听节目的视频和音频部分相关的基本流组成。
主传输多路分解器35从第一开关20接收第一输出流SO1。主传输多路分解器35根据来自控制器70的控制信号MAIN,从接收的系统流SO1中提取一个特定的节目流。与所提取节目流相关的基本视频流V1耦合到第二开关40。与所提取节目流相关的基本音频流A1耦合到音频解码器60。音频解码器60对基本音频流解码并把解码后的音频信息耦合到音频驱动电路(未给出)。
辅助多路分解和处理单元30从开关20接收第二输出流SO2。辅助多路分解和处理单元30根据来自控制器70的控制信号AUX,工作在画中画、频道扫描或频道转换模式。应该注意用于实现PIP处理器的电路(或软件)与用于产生本发明中频道扫描和频道获取功能的电路(或软件)非常相近。因此辅助多路分解和处理单元30将在PIP处理环境下描述。然而,在应用本发明时,下述PIP操作不是必须的。
在PIP工作模式,辅助多路分解和处理单元30接收系统流SO2,从接收的系统流SO2中多路分解出一个期望的节目流,并从多路分解出的节目流中提取出视频基本流。然后所提取的视频基本流作为第二视频流V2耦合到第二开关40和,可选地,格式变换器50。
第二开关40根据来自控制器70的控制信号SW2选择性地把第一V1或第二V2基本视频流作为视频流V3耦合到视频解码器45,例如,一个MPEG视频解码器。视频解码器45以熟知的方式对所选视频流V3解码产生结果视频流V4,例如,一个解码后(解压缩后)的视频流。
格式变换器50接收解码后的视频流V4和,可选地,第二基本视频流V2。格式变换器50包括一个显示帧缓存器55和,可选地,一个辅助视频解码器58。格式变换器50根据来自控制器70的控制信号F,工作在直接通过模式、频道转换模式或PIP模式,以产生输出视频流VOUT。输出视频流VOUT耦合到视频驱动电路(未给出)产生显示设备(未给出)上的图象。
在直接通过工作模式中,格式变换器50把解码后的视频流V4作为输出视频流VOUT耦合到视频驱动电路。显示帧缓存器55可被用于存储,举例来说,单一的解码后的一帧。当所存储的解码后的帧被耦合到视频驱动和显示设备上时,将显示所存储帧的一幅静止图象。
在频道转换工作模式中,当与主传输多路分解器35相关联的调谐器/解调器对调谐并解调一个新频道时,格式变换器50利用显示帧缓存器55存储单一视频帧。结果视频输出信号VOUT代表所存储帧的一帧静止图象。该单一视频帧或者是先前频道的最后一帧,或者是新频道的最新的一帧,假如新频道包含在扫描清单150中的话。如果新频道包含在扫描清单中,那么通过可选信号路径V2或开关40和解码器45,作为解码后视频流V4,直接从辅助多路分解和处理单元30中接收到最新帧。频道转换工作模式将在下面根据图3详述。
在PIP工作模式中,格式变换器50,使用可选辅助视频解码器58,至少对第二基本视频流V2的一部分进行解码来产生一个全部解码或部分解码的辅助流。部分解码的辅助流可能包含,举例来说,仅仅是包括在第二基本视频流V2中的I帧内的视频信息。尽管这样一个辅助流在显示时将产生一幅抖动图象(由于典型的ATSC流在每12帧GOP中包含一个I帧),但这对于PIP应用来说也许已经足够了。而且,如果只有I帧需解码,辅助视频解码器58的复杂度就大大降低了。然后为减少视频信息量(即,减少结果图象的尺寸),全部或部分解码辅助流通过如二次采样过程,被重新格式化。然后重新格式化的辅助流与解码后的视频流V4融合产生输出流VOUT。来自融合流的被显示的图象将包含一个与解码后的视频流V4相关的主图象,和一个与重新格式化的辅助流相关的减小尺寸的图象。
在频道扫描工作模式中,辅助多路分解和处理单元30接收系统流SO2,从接收的系统流SO2中多路分解出一个期望的节目流,并从多路分解出的节目传输流中提取出视频基本流。然后对视频基本流进行分析,在视频基本流中识别出一或多个I帧。每当一个I帧被识别,被识别的I帧存储到与特定节目流相关的存储器34中的固定位置。这样,每当一个新的I帧被识别,存储器的固定位置就经常性地被新I帧改写。这个过程一直持续到控制器70触发辅助多路分解和处理单元30从典型地一个新节目传输流中多路分解出新的视频基本流,或者使用合适的调谐器转换物理频道。新的视频流中的I帧以上述方式被识别和存储到与新的节目传输流相关的存储器34内的固定位置。通过,举例来说,检查包含在传输和打包基本流(PES)信息包包头内的包标识(PID),容易发现信息流的变化。频道扫描工作模式将在下面根据图2详述。
在频道转换工作模式中,辅助多路分解和处理单元30从存储器34中取出被存储的与所期望的新的主频道相关的I帧,并耦合到输出端。取出的I帧通过第二开关40耦合到视频解码器45。通过AUX信号,取出的帧被控制器70识别。可选地,取出的I帧可以通过可选路径V2直接耦合到格式变换器50。频道转换工作模式将在下面根据图3详述。
为节省存储器资源,辅助多路分解和处理单元30可选地包括一个调整尺寸和压缩单元32。在存储I帧之前,调整尺寸和压缩单元32调整I帧的尺寸。调整尺寸可以使用Martucci 1996年10月10日在美国提交的申请号为No.08/728459,专利号为No.,颁发于的,并通过完整引用在此并入的专利中所描述的方法在离散余弦变换(DCT)域内完成。可选地,可以仅使用低阶DCT系数对帧(或多帧)解码和二次采样,然后重新编码并存入存储器34。采用这种方式,存储器34所需尺寸有利地减小了。而且,在频道扫描或PIP工作模式期间,辅助多路分解和处理单元34使用或控制(即,与之协调工作)视频解码器45或格式变换器50资源所需开销也减少了。
表1给出了一个样本扫描清单150。具体的说,表1中给出的扫描清单150存储了提取12个频道中每一个频道所需的信息。这些信息包括一个频道ID、调谐器参数、解调器参数、节目传输流PID、视频基本流PID和音频基本流PID。
与频道有关的两类信息存储在扫描清单,预定信息和可变信息。与频道有关的预定信息来源于,举例来说,节目存取表(PAT)或节目映射表(PMT)信息。例如,一个特定频道的标定调谐频率和各种传输、视频和音频PID。与频道有关的可变信息是隶属于,例如,信号传输错误、元件的温度漂移和其他错误源所引起的变化信息。例如,与每个调谐器有关的是加到或从一个特定频道的标定调谐频率中减去的频移校正参数。另外,一个调谐器/解调器对中的自适应均衡器(未给出)的系数对不同的频道是不同的。在频道扫描或频道转换过程中,通过利用预定和/或可变频道相关信息来获取新频道,获取该频道所需的实际时间减少了。在频道扫描工作模式中,一个先前扫描过的新的期望频道与调谐器和解调器参数相关,而这些参数可以在一个与新的期望频道相关的先前的I帧耦合到显示设备的同时,直接加载到主调谐器/解调器对上。通过这种方式,本发明有利地提出了一种既减少又掩蔽频道转换延时时间的方法。图1给出了一个可选的参数存储器12。该可选的参数存储器可用于存储扫描清单150中的部分或全部项目。可选的参数存储器12根据来自控制器70的控制信号P,与两个调谐器/解调器对(10A/15A和10B/15B)协作,提取可变频道相关信息。另外,可选的参数存储器12可用于在频道扫描或频道转换过程中,为适当的调谐器/解调器对提供先前获取的可变频道相关信息(即,来自扫描清单150的信息)。
在本实施例中,在扫描清单150中存储了12个频道(当然,在扫描清单150中可以存储更多或更少的频道)。发明者假定这些频道是用户下一步最有可能选择的。在样本实施例扫描清单150中的前四个频道是四个最近刚看过的频道。在表1中它们被识别为最近、最近-1、最近-2、和最近-3。
在本实施例扫描清单150中接下来的四个频道与当前选择的频道有关(即正在观看的频道)。它们被识别为后面、后面+1、前面和前面-1频道。所谓后面频道是指用户在,例如,遥控器上按下频道加一按钮所获取或选择的频道。所谓后面+1频道是指再次执行频道加一命令所得到的频道。同样的,所谓前面频道是指用户在,例如,遥控器上按下频道减一按钮所选择的频道。所谓前面-1频道是指再次执行频道减一命令所得到的频道。
样本实施例扫描清单150中的最后四个频道是四个热门频道。这些频道可能是被用户预先编程的或者是通过,例如,长期观察用户的频道选择习惯随机确定的。例如,控制器70包含存储器76,它可以被用来存储一个与提供给一个特定用户的每一频道相关的计数器。开电源时,控制器70可能检查计数器表,辨别出四个最高的计数值,并存储对应于扫描清单中四个最高计数值的四个频道的信息。
频道ID 调谐器参数 解调器参数 传输PID 视频PID 音频PID
  最近
  最近-1
  最近-2
  最近-3
  后面
  后面+1
  前面
  前面-1
热门No.1
热门No.2
热门No.3
热门No.4
                        表1
图2给出了根据本发明并适用于使用图1所示ATSC接收机100的频道扫描程序200的流程图。具体的说,频道扫描程序200是控制器70内用于控制接收机100各部分的系统控制程序(未给出)的一部分。频道扫描程序200是作为一个后台或空闲状态程序运行的。就是说,频道扫描程序200只在系统控制程序不工作的时候运行。举例来说,当等待用户命令的时候,系统控制程序可能处于空闲状态。在接收到用户命令后,频道扫描程序200被终止运行而系统控制程序的命令服务部分被激活。频道扫描程序200利用存储在扫描清单150内的信息从扫描清单中被识别的频道中提取出至少一个I帧。表1给出了一个样本扫描清单。
由于使用了开关20,两个调谐器/解调器对(10A/15A,10B/15B)都可以被用作主调谐器/解调器对或辅助调谐器/解调器对。由于一个调谐器/解调器对(即,主调谐器/解调器对)为主传输多路分解器35(即,当前调谐频道)提供当前调谐频道的系统流,控制器70触发开关20把另一个调谐器/解调器对(即,扫描调谐器/解调器对)的输出流耦合到辅助多路分解和处理单元30。
频道扫描程序200在步骤202开始,此时,系统控制程序进入空闲状态。然后频道扫描程序200执行到步骤210,在此,一个索引变量N被初始化为零,一个清单大小变量M被赋值等于扫描清单存储的频道数。在样本实施例中,扫描清单150包含12个频道,如表1所示(即,四个最近频道,四个热门频道和四个与当前所选频道最接近的频道)。索引变量N用于指出和提取扫描清单内关于特定(索引)频道的信息。
频道扫描程序200从步骤202执行到步骤212,在此,索引变量加一。然后程序200执行到步骤214,在此,与当前索引频道相关的调谐器参数和解调器参数从扫描清单150中提取出来。如前面提到的,这些参数也可能存储在可选参数存储器12内。然后程序执行到步骤215,在此,提取出的参数耦合到扫描调谐器/解调器对(10A/15A或10B/15B),随后扫描调谐器/解调器对开始对当前索引频道调谐和解调。
频道扫描程序200从步骤215执行到步骤216,在此,经过一定延时(即,载波恢复、码元恢复等)之后,辅助多路分解和处理单元30对与来自被提取的系统流(SO2)的索引频道相关的节目流进行多路分解和解码。然后程序执行到步骤218,在此,与索引频道相关的基本视频流和可选的音频流,从与索引频道相关的节目传输流中取出。然后程序执行到步骤220,在此,取出的与索引频道相关的基本视频流中出现的第一个I帧被存储到存储器单元34。然后程序执行到步骤222,在此,询问是否索引变量N等于清单大小变量M。如果步骤222的询问得到肯定回答,那么重复执行步骤210到222的程序(即,频道扫描清单从头开始处理)。
上述频道扫描程序200连续地扫描存储在扫描清单150内的频道来为每个频道提取最近的I帧并把取出的I帧存到与该频道相关的存储器34的一部分,籍此构建扫描清单频道的一个I帧索引。以该方式,当一个扫描清单频道被用户选定的时候,被存储的与所选频道相关的I帧可立即耦合到视频解码器45从而在用户的显示屏上迅速生成一幅图象。迅速生成与期望频道相关的图象有利地模仿了类似于现在消费者使用的NTSC电视接收机的快速(即,低时延)频道获取能力。
图3给出了根据本发明并适用于图1所示ATSC接收机的频道转换程序300的流程图。具体的说,频道转换程序300是控制器70内用于控制接收机100各部分的系统控制程序(未给出)的一部分。频道转换程序300响应用户的一个频道转换操作的输入指令。频道转换程序300也导致频道扫描程序200终止。
频道转换程序300在步骤302处开始,此时,一个频道转换操作的用户命令指令被控制器70接收。然后程序300执行到步骤304,在此询问新频道是否在扫描清单内。
如果步骤304的询问得到肯定回答,那么程序300执行到步骤305,在此与新频道相关的调谐器和解调器参数从扫描清单中取出。然后程序300执行到步骤306,在此,取出的调谐器和解调器参数被耦合到主调谐器/解调器对(即,用于产生系统流SO1的调谐器/解调器对)。它触发主调谐器/解调器对开始包含感兴趣频道(即,新频道)的有效系统流的产生过程。然后程序执行到步骤320,在此控制器70触发辅助多路分解和处理单元30从存储器34中提取与期望新频道相关的I帧。然后程序300执行到步骤322,在此,被取出的I帧通过开关40耦合到解码器45。解码器45将解码I帧并把它耦合到格式变换器50,在那里I帧将被存储在显示帧缓存器55。存储在缓存器内的I帧将在显示设备(未给出)上产生一幅静止图象。如果有必要(即,如果取出的I帧经过可选的调整尺寸和压缩单元32处理),格式变换器50将把取出的I帧变换到适合视频驱动器使用和显示的格式。然后程序300执行到步骤324。
如果步骤304的询问得到否定回答,即,所期望的新频道和当前在扫描清单中索引的任何频道都不符,程序300执行到步骤308。在步骤308,在格式变换器50的显示帧缓存器55内出现的帧被用于产生一幅静止图象。(即,当前显示的或先前的频道被简单地冻结在屏幕上。然后程序300执行到步骤324。
在步骤324,控制器70触发主传输多路分解器35分解来自由主调谐器/解调器对(在步骤304确认)产生的系统流SO1的与期望新频道相关的节目传输流。然后程序执行到步骤326,在此与期望新频道相关的基本流从传输节目流中取出。然后程序执行到步骤328,在此与新频道相关的视频基本流通过开关40被耦合到解码器45。然后程序300执行到步骤330,在此,与期望新频道相关的音频基本流被耦合到音频解码器60。
在基本视频流(步骤328)和基本音频流(步骤330)被分别耦合到视频(45)和音频(60)解码器之后,程序300执行到步骤332。在步骤332,扫描清单为反映新频道信息而被更新。具体的说,识别最近、后面和前面频道的频道ID、调谐器频率、节目传输流PID、视频基本流PID和音频基本流PID的信息作如下更新。最近-3信息被丢弃,最近-2信息存储到最近-3的位置,最近-1信息存到最近-2的位置,最近信息存到最近-1的位置,而与旧的或先前调谐的频道相关的信息存储到最近的位置。另外,有关新频道上面递增的两个频道(即后面和后面+1)的信息和有关新频道下面递增的两个频道(即前面和前面-1)的信息被存储到扫描清单150内。
本发明的一个额外特性是PIP交换工作模式。如前面所述,第一开关20根据来自控制器70的控制信号SW1把第一和第二系统流SA、SB中的一个作为第一输出流SO1耦合到第一输出端O1,把第一和第二系统流SA、SB中的一个作为第二输出流SO2耦合到第二输出端O2。在PIP工作模式中,耦合到第一输出端O1的系统流被主传输多路分解器35和相关电路用于产生在显示设备上生成主图象的视频信号V4。类似地,耦合到第二输出端O2的系统流被辅助多路分解和处理单元30和相关电路用于产生生成辅助(即,PIP)图象的视频信号V2。在PIP交换工作模式中,第一开关20,根据来自控制器70的控制信号SW1,交换耦合到输出端O1和O2的系统流。就是说,在进入PIP交换模式之前耦合到输出端O1的系统流在进入PIP交换模式时耦合到输出端O2。类似地,在进入PIP交换模式之前耦合到输出端O2的系统流在进入PIP交换模式时耦合到输出端O1。屏幕上的效果是主图象和PIP图象的交换。PIP交换操作是非常快的,因为被第一开关20交换的系统流已经有效了(即,没有调谐或解调时延)。
本发明的一个附加特性是有产生扫描频道的“马赛克”或平铺小方块图象的能力。具体的说,辅助多路分解和处理单元30利用可选的调整尺寸和压缩单元32压缩每一I帧,使得被压缩的I帧在显示的时候只占用,举例来说,图象的1/12大小。以这种方式,扫描清单150中的所有12个频道可以呈多PIP或平铺的小方块图象的方式同时显示出来。小方块图象可以在每次个别被存储的I帧被更新的时候得到更新:这样的一幅平铺的小方块图象可以容纳四、九、十二、十六或其他合适的图象数。可以使用熟知的屏幕选择方法选择一个特定的小方块图象放大成全尺寸(即,主图象)图象来观看。
这里虽然详细展示和描述了适宜于本发明讲解的各种实施例,技术娴熟者仍可以设计出很多适宜于这些讲解的其他不同的实施例。

Claims (10)

1一种用于掩蔽信息流接收机节目选择时延的方法,所述方
法包含以下步骤:
在扫描工作模式中,至少提取每一个被识别的信息流序列的一部分,每个信息流对应一个节目;
在所述扫描工作模式中,存储每一个被识别的信息流序列的每个被提取的部分;
在节目选择工作模式中,把期望信息流的识别标识与所述被识别的信息流序列的识别标识作比较;
在上述标识的合适的比较情况下:
初始化一个信息流选择过程,所述选择过程产生所述期望信息流;
取出信息流中被存储的部分,与期望信息流进行合适的比较;
把上述取出的信息流部分耦合到解码器;
把来源于上述信息流选择过程的上述期望信息流耦合到上述解码器。
2在上述标识的合适的比较情况下,权利要求1的方法进一步包含如下步骤:
对上述期望信息流的音频部分解码,以产生音频信息流,所述音频解码步骤在视频解码步骤之前;
把上述音频信息耦合到音频解码器。
3权利要求1的方法,其特征是,信息流的提取和识别过程
包含如下步骤:
调谐与上述被识别信息流相关的射频(RF)载波,产生中频(IF)载波信号;
解调上述IF载波信号产生包含上述被识别信息流的MPEG类系统流;
多路分解上述MPEG类系统流,取出包含上述被识别信息流的节目传输流;
从上述节目传输流提取包含在所述节目传输流内的基本流部分。
4权利要求1的方法,其特征是,在上述扫描工作模式中,
上述提取过程包括以下步骤:
至少从调谐器和解调器二者之一提取出与正在调谐或解调的包含上述信息流的载波信号相关的参数;
并存储上述被提取的调谐或解调参数。
5在接收机中,用于快速转换频道的装置包括:
一个第一频道选择器,用于从一系列可用频道中选择第一个频道;
一个解码器,耦合到上述第一频道选择器,用于对与上述第一频道相关的信息流进行解码,产生解码后的信息流;
一个第二频道选择器,用于选择一系列被识别频道中的每一个,上述被识别频道中的每一个都至少与一个频道识别标识和一个频道调谐参数相关。
一个处理器,被耦合到上述第二频道选择器和上述解码器,用于至少存储和提取上述选择的每一频道的一部分;
其中,在频道转换工作模式中:
上述处理器,根据对期望新频道的频道识别标识与上述被识别频道序列的频道识别标识所做的合适的比较,把上述存储的一个上述被识别的频道部分耦合到上述解码器;
上述第一频道选择器选择上述述期望频道作为上述第一频道;
而且上述解码器开始对上述信息流解码。
6权利要求5的装置,其特征是,上述第一和第二频道选择器由各自的第一和第二调谐器/解调器对构成,调谐器/解调器对用于调谐各自的RF载波频率和解调已调制到各自RF载波频率上的各自的信息流,产生各自的第一和第二系统流。
7权利要求6的装置,其特征是,在频道扫描工作模式中,上述被扫描频道的清单包含与每个被列入清单频道相关的调谐器和解调器参数,所述调谐器和解调器参数被耦合到第二调谐器/解调器对。
8权利要求7的装置,其特征是,在频道转换工作模式中:
上述处理器,根据对期望新频道的频道识别标识与上述被识别频道序列中的一个频道识别标识所做的合适的比较,把与上述被识别频道序列中的一个频道相关的调谐器和解调器参数耦合到上述第一调谐器/解调器对。
9权利要求5的装置,其特征是:
上述处理器包含一个或者工作在频道扫描模式或者工作在PIP模式的画中画(PIP)处理器;
上述画中画处理器,在PIP工作模式中,只提取一个单一频道的帧内编码部分,并把取出的所述单一频道的帧内编码部分耦合到一个输出端。
10一种在接收机中用于频道转换的装置,包括:
一个第一调谐器/解调器对,用于调谐期望RF载波频率和解调已调制到上述RF载波频率上的信息流从而产生第一系统流;
一个第二调谐器/解调器对,用于调谐期望RF载波频率和解调已调制到上述RF载波频率上的信息流从而产生第二系统流;
一个主多路分解器,选择性地耦合到上述第一和第二调谐器/解调器对二者之一上,用于从上述第一和第二系统流二者之一提取与主频道相关的视频流并将其耦合到一个输出端;
一个辅助多路分解器,选择性地耦合到上述第一和第二调谐器/解调器对二者之一上,用于从上述第一和第二系统流二者之一重复提取和存储与至少一个辅助频道相关的视频流部分;
一个视频解码器,选择性地耦合到上述主多路分解器和辅助多路分解器二者之一上,用于解码从上述主多路分解器和辅助多路分解器二者之一产生的视频信息来产生输出视频流;其中
在频道扫描工作模式中:
上述视频解码器被耦合到主多路分解器;
在频道转换工作模式中:
产生与上述主频道相关的所述系统流的上述调谐器/解调器对被调整到产生与期望频道相关的系统流,
上述辅助多路分解器提取,如果可供资用,与所述期望频道相关的视频流部分并耦合到一个输出端,
在上述主多路分解器开始产生与所述期望频道相关的有效视频信息流之前,上述视频解码器与辅助多路分解器耦合。
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JP2001517904A (ja) 2001-10-09
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EP1025697A4 (en) 2004-08-18
EP1025697B1 (en) 2010-06-09
AU9588298A (en) 1999-04-12
US6118498A (en) 2000-09-12
CN1205805C (zh) 2005-06-08
WO1999016247A1 (en) 1999-04-01
EP1025697A1 (en) 2000-08-09

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