CN1295138A - 适于经改进的热处理的空冷淬硬的低碳和中碳钢 - Google Patents
适于经改进的热处理的空冷淬硬的低碳和中碳钢 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000954 Medium-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
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Abstract
欲被空冷淬硬的钢,所述空冷淬硬是热处理的一部分,所述热处理比如是淬火和回火、感应加热淬火渗碳、碳氮共渗或渗氮,该钢含有(%重量):C:0.10—0.55;Si0.97—2.03;Mn1.14—1.83;Cr0—1.65;Mo0.36—0.58。Fe和杂质余量。
Description
本发明涉及适用于热处理工艺的低碳和中碳空冷淬硬钢，所述的热处理工艺比如是生产钢质零件时的渗碳、淬火和回火、氮碳共渗、渗氮或感应加热淬火。
很多用于各种用途的零件是用相同的制造方法生产的。开始时通过热轧生产管、棒或环状件或通过热锻制造半成品。这些工艺过程之后或是对进行过表面性能改进工艺，如渗碳的零部件进行软成型，或进行淬火和回火作业。在某些情况下，使该半成品材料淬火和回火，而该零部件的成形是在淬火态下完成的。
改进表面性能工艺，如渗碳是复杂，昂贵而费时的，而且公知的是，提高基础原材料的含碳量可以明显缩短渗碳时间。改进表面性能工艺和淬火和回火工艺的共同之处是，为得到具有良好的强度、高耐磨性、作业过程中的热稳定性及高的抗疲劳性能的工件，都要进行淬火作业。
现今的淬火作业是通过将半成品料或工件在具有高冷却能力的液态介质(最常见的是油或盐)中急冷而完成的，为的是达到所需的硬度和性能。高的急冷速度因变形而成的大难题，变形必需校正，因而使工件的生产成本大为增加。
所用的淬火介质对环境有害，为保持适宜性能而进行的大量维护有损于健康，有发生火灾的危险而且也很昂贵。由于在急冷有力方面，气体和油浴或盐浴相比有很大的差距，所以用高压气体冷却取代这种标准的淬火工艺只取得了有限的成功。
本发明的目的在于提供可以较为有效的成本经空冷淬硬和回火而达到所需性能，并可缩短改进表面性能工艺如渗碳，所需时间的低碳和中碳钢。采用本发明还有一些其它的如环境问题方面和淬火变形方面的好处。
用本发明的钢完成了上述的和其它的目的，该钢含有(％重量)：
C 0．10-0．55
Si 0．97-2．03
Mn 1．14-1．83
Cr 0-1．65
Mo 0．36-0．58
Fe和杂质 余量
具有上述成份的钢可作为结构钢使用，与现今用于结构件的微合金化的类似的钢相比，具有上述成份的钢有更高的性能及类似的成本。
通过将现今的常规工艺方法及产品的性能与本发明的工艺方法和所达到的性能在不同应用实施方面进行对比来说明本发明。表面硬化
现在，选用含碳量约为0．2％的钢(一般为SAE 8620)，然后通过热成型制成原料(如棒、锻件或管)，用软成形制成工件。为得到含碳约0．8％的表面区，对这些工件进行渗碳。渗碳之后通过将工件加热到奥氏体化温度再于油或盐浴中急冷而使其被淬火。
按本发明，该工件按上述实施例进行渗碳，但因选择了含碳量较高的基础原料，渗碳时间缩短。这将明显减少所需的渗碳时间。
不管含碳量如何，本发明的钢可通过在空气中缓冷，或若需要，辅以鼓风或冷却气体冷却从渗碳温度被直接淬火。
图1对比了常规工艺方法的典型情况和用本发明的钢时的情况。图2展示了用本发明的钢，根据所选的基础材料含碳量，在渗碳步骤中所达到的被缩短的时间。淬火和回火
或对工件半成品(如锻件，棒或管)或对经轻度机加工的工件进行淬火和回火。淬火和回火作业一般包括加热至奥氏体化温度，在油或盐浴中急冷，然后在调至可得到所需工件性能的温度下回火。
按本发明，可通过从热成型温度(锻造或轧制温度)直接空冷淬硬，或，在被机加工的工件的情况下，通过在奥氏体化作业后的空冷硬化而完成淬火和回火。在上述两种情况下，空冷硬化之后再在为达到所需性能的温度下进行回火。
在从成形(锻造或轧制)温度进行空冷硬化的情况下，可将昂贵而费时的奥氏体化过程完全省去。这种空冷硬化具有上述的在费用、环境和健康方面优点，另外因淬火工艺而带来的变形问题可被完全避免。
在对经机加工的工件进行淬火和退火的情况下，也有费用，环境和健康方面的优点，并且变形问题也大为减少。
图3展示了对工件半成品，如锻件，棒或管状件所进行的常规淬火和回火的工艺方法，及用于本发明钢的相应的方法。
实施例
评估具有下表所列成份的钢。
C Si Mn Cr Mo Fe和杂质0．39 1．73 1．42 1．53 0．44 余量
用膨胀计评估法及实际的实验，确定了800-500度(t800／500)的温度范围内的冷却速率及所达到的硬度之间的关系(图4)。该评估表明，当一直在空气中冷却时，最大直径为60mm的实心棒材将全部淬透，从而全部达到马氏体硬度。
如图5所示，已确定，这类空淬硬化钢试样(通过从锻造温度(1100℃)经空冷而被空淬硬化的)的室温冲击强度是在不同温度下回火时所产生的硬度的函数。
该实施例表明，空淬硬化可将高强度与显著的韧性结合起来。
Claims (3)
1．欲被空冷淬硬的钢，所述空冷淬硬是热处理的一部分，所述热处理比如是淬火和回火、感应加热淬火，渗碳、碳氮共渗或渗氮，该钢含有(重量％)：
C 0．10-0．55
Si 0．97-2．03
Mn 1．14-1．83
Cr 0-1．65
Mo 0．36-0．58
Fe和杂质 余量。
2．欲被空冷淬硬的钢，所述空冷淬硬是热处理的一部分，所述热处理比如是渗碳、碳氮共渗或渗氮，该钢含有(重量％)：
C 0．10-0．30
Si 0．97-2．03
Mn 1．14-1．83
Cr 0-1．65
Mo 0．36-0．58
Fe和杂质 余量。
3．欲被空冷淬硬的钢，所述空冷淬硬是热处理的一部分，所述热处理比如是淬火和回火、感应加热淬火、渗碳、碳氮共渗或渗氮，该钢含有(重量％)：
C 0．31-0．55
Si 0．97-2．03
Mn 1．14-1．83
Cr 0-1．65
Mo 0．36-0．58
Fe和杂质 余量。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9903968-7 | 1999-11-02 | ||
| SE9903968A SE515624C2 (sv) | 1999-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | Lufthärdande låg- till mediumkolhaltigt stål för förbättrad värmebehandling |
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| CN1295138A true CN1295138A (zh) | 2001-05-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN00133727A Pending CN1295138A (zh) | 1999-11-02 | 2000-11-02 | 适于经改进的热处理的空冷淬硬的低碳和中碳钢 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6902631B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1098011A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2001131688A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1295138A (zh) |
| SE (1) | SE515624C2 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111378901A (zh) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-07-07 | 武钢集团昆明钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种1420MPa级PC钢棒专用母材盘条及其制备方法 |
| CN114007779A (zh) * | 2019-04-12 | 2022-02-01 | Gkn烧结金属有限公司 | 可变扩散渗碳法 |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10145599C1 (de) * | 2001-09-15 | 2003-06-18 | Gkn Loebro Gmbh | Bauteile aus Stahl und Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Bauteilen aus Stahl |
| US20040156805A1 (en) * | 2003-02-10 | 2004-08-12 | Perveen Kazmi | Method of use |
| ATE442464T1 (de) | 2005-03-09 | 2009-09-15 | Ovako Bar Oy Ab | Hochfester luftgekühlter stahl und daraus resultiertes warmverformte produkt. |
| KR100654695B1 (ko) | 2006-05-04 | 2006-12-06 | 주식회사 성도 | 대형 선박용 캠 및 그 부분품의 열처리 방법 |
| CN109852921B (zh) * | 2019-04-02 | 2021-11-19 | 江苏奕华新材料科技有限公司 | 一种通用型qpq氮化剂浓度调整方法 |
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| FR1551909A (zh) | 1967-08-08 | 1969-01-03 | ||
| JPS541645B1 (zh) | 1968-12-30 | 1979-01-27 | ||
| US3615905A (en) | 1969-06-30 | 1971-10-26 | Uddeholms Ab | Method of treating steel |
| US3713905A (en) | 1970-06-16 | 1973-01-30 | Carpenter Technology Corp | Deep air-hardened alloy steel article |
| US3901690A (en) | 1971-05-11 | 1975-08-26 | Carpenter Technology Corp | Wear resistant alloy steels containing cb and one of ti, hf or zr |
| US3944442A (en) | 1973-07-13 | 1976-03-16 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Air hardenable, formable steel |
| JPS53130218A (en) | 1977-04-20 | 1978-11-14 | Riken Steel Kk | Air quench type tool steel for extruding pins |
| JPS6227551A (ja) | 1985-07-26 | 1987-02-05 | Plus Eng Co Ltd | 押出ピン用空気焼入型工具綱 |
| US4957702A (en) | 1988-04-30 | 1990-09-18 | Qinghua University | Air-cooling duplex bainite-martensite steels |
| US5085733A (en) * | 1989-08-24 | 1992-02-04 | Nippon Seiko Kabushiki Kaisha | Rolling steel bearing |
| US5094923A (en) | 1990-04-24 | 1992-03-10 | Kennametal Inc. | Air hardening steel |
| DE4219336C2 (de) | 1992-06-10 | 1995-10-12 | Mannesmann Ag | Verwendung eines Stahls zur Herstellung von Konstruktionsrohren |
| JPH0617187A (ja) | 1992-06-30 | 1994-01-25 | Aichi Steel Works Ltd | 高マンガン冷間工具鋼 |
| US5545267A (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1996-08-13 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel product for induction-hardened shaft component and shaft component using the same |
| GB2297094B (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1998-09-23 | British Steel Plc | Improvements in and relating to Carbide-Free Bainitic Steels |
| US5746842A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-05-05 | Toa Steel Co., Ltd. | Steel gear |
| JP3517515B2 (ja) * | 1996-04-23 | 2004-04-12 | エヌケーケー条鋼株式会社 | 高強度、低熱処理変形歯車およびその製造方法 |
| SE507851C2 (sv) | 1996-06-25 | 1998-07-20 | Uddeholm Tooling Ab | Användning av ett stål som material för skärverktygshållare |
| US5900077A (en) * | 1997-12-15 | 1999-05-04 | Caterpillar Inc. | Hardness, strength, and fracture toughness steel |
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- 2000-10-30 EP EP00850178A patent/EP1098011A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-11-02 CN CN00133727A patent/CN1295138A/zh active Pending
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114007779A (zh) * | 2019-04-12 | 2022-02-01 | Gkn烧结金属有限公司 | 可变扩散渗碳法 |
| CN111378901A (zh) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-07-07 | 武钢集团昆明钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种1420MPa级PC钢棒专用母材盘条及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE9903968D0 (sv) | 1999-11-02 |
| US20020155018A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
| US6902631B2 (en) | 2005-06-07 |
| JP2001131688A (ja) | 2001-05-15 |
| SE9903968L (sv) | 2001-05-03 |
| EP1098011A1 (en) | 2001-05-09 |
| SE515624C2 (sv) | 2001-09-10 |
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