CN1291212C - 放热反应装置 - Google Patents

放热反应装置 Download PDF

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CN1291212C
CN1291212C CNB028046692A CN02804669A CN1291212C CN 1291212 C CN1291212 C CN 1291212C CN B028046692 A CNB028046692 A CN B028046692A CN 02804669 A CN02804669 A CN 02804669A CN 1291212 C CN1291212 C CN 1291212C
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巴里·比利格
布彭德拉·R·巴里亚
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    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
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Abstract

一种反应器(1)和热交换器(7)组件，其中，热交换器(7)被整体固接到反应器的出口头部(6)上并用于立即冷却来自反应器(1)的反应气体。

Description

放热反应装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种反应器和冷却器组件，用于引导放热反应，比如氧分子和乙烯生成乙烯氧化物的反应。
背景技术
乙烯氧化生成乙烯氧化物的氧化反应通常是在一个壳形和管状反应器中进行的。在细长的管中放有一种合适的包含有银的固体催化剂，在反应条件下，反应气体通过并与催化剂接触。在壳体侧提供一种循环环流以排出该放热反应产生的热。
重要的是，在完成所需的反应之后要迅速地冷却反应气体混合物，以便使完全氧化反应以及不希望的副反应发生的可能性最小化，诸如，形成甲醛和/或乙醛；这种副产物的形成会导致纯化问题，因为它们很难从生成物乙烯氧化物中分离出来。
现有技术已经认识到这个问题，在人们已经建议的补救措施中，利用反应器管道的最后区段来完成对反应器气体的冷却。美国专利US4061659已经建议，在邻近反应区处设置一个冷却区，该冷却区填充一种惰性的耐火颗粒，该颗粒的表面积为0.1m2/g或者更小。
英国专利GB1449091提供了一种管状反应器，它被分成三个截然不同的区。反应气体通过管道，其中，在第一区填充惰性物质以提供一个预热区，在第二区该管道填充催化剂以提供一个反应区，而这些相同管道在第三区填充惰性物质或者没有惰性物质以提供一个冷却区。
美国专利US4921681提供了一种管状反应器，其具有一个预热区、一个反应区和一个冷却区。
最近的美国专利US5292904同样公开了一种管状反应器，其管道被分成一个预热区、一个反应区和一个被填充的最后冷却区。
发明内容
本发明提供一种改进的反应器和冷却器组件，其降低了制造和运行成本，而且能迅速冷却反应气体。一个传统类型的管状反应器与一个热交换器相连，该热交换器与该管状反应器的排气头形成整体并被用于冷却反应气体。
附图说明
附图为本发明的反应器和冷却器组件的一个示意图。
具体实施方式
如图所示，反应器1是一个壳形和管状反应器，其通常用于生成乙烯氧化物。在该反应器中设有多根细长的管道2，进口端被固接到管板3上，出口端被固接到管板4上。反应器1还设有一个进口反应器头部5和一个出口反应器头部6。
壳形和管状热交换器7被固接到出口反应器头部6上并与之形成整体，在出口反应器头部6上设有一开口用于与热交换器7连通，通常热交换器7被焊接到出口头部6上并环绕该开口，从而与反应器形成一个整体结构。热交换器7设有管道8，所述管道8被固接到管板9和10上，如图所示。设有热交换器出口头部11。
实际上，反应气体，比如乙烯、氧气和惰性气体经过管路12被引入反应器1并在反应条件下通过反应器管道2，其中反应器管道填充合适的银催化剂。反应热被一种循环传热流体比如水带走，该循环传热流体经过管路13被引入反应器1的壳体内并经过管路14排出。
反应气体穿过管道2，其中生成乙烯氧化物，气体通过出口管2经过出口头部6，然后到达交换器7的管道8，并立即被冷却以防止进一步氧化和异构化。一种冷却流体经过管路15被引入到冷却器7的壳体内并经过管路16排出。水是一种合适的和优选的冷却流体。被冷却的反应气体经过管路17排出冷却器7并以一种传统方式处理以便回收生成物和循环利用各种组分。
本发明的反应器和冷却器组件的一个优点是，热交换器7可以被特殊设计以便使冷却反应气体的效率最大，而不会受到现有建议的强加限制，其现有建议中的反应器是起冷却作用的。热交换器7的流速、温度等等可以单独调节，而不依赖于反应器1的排除热量。
热交换器管道8可以填充惰性固体，但最好是不被固体材料填充。
直接将热交换器固接到反应器头部可以获得有效的冷却器设计和更好的结构整体性，并确保立即冷却反应气体，因为热交换器与反应器接近。
当热交换器7中的传热流体不被反应器1的条件限制时，管道8中的冷却不依赖于反应器1的操作条件，当将一个冷却区设置成反应器1的管道2的一个延长区段时通常就是这样。因而，当反应器1中的条件变化时，在催化剂的整个寿命周期内在热交换器7中可以保持最佳的条件。
另外，通过将热交换器7构成为反应器1的一个整体部分，在出口反应器头部6内的滞留时间就被最小化，从而限制了用于生成副产物的时间，传统的惯例与之相反，其设有一根管道以将反应气体输送到一个独立的外部热交换器。
本发明的改进的反应器和热交换冷却器通常用于放热反应，比如氧化反应，反应在管状反应器中发生，其中，反应物与填充在一个壳形和管状反应器中的反应器管道内的催化剂接触。乙烯氧化生成乙烯氧化物是一个重要的实例。
包括本发明所述组件的一部分的反应器具有在放热反应技术领域中通常采用的类型，比如生成乙烯氧化物。通常，这样的反应器包括一个允许反应气体进入的上进口头部和一个用于排出反应生成物的出口头部。设置管板用以支承多根填充合适催化剂的管道，反应气体穿过催化剂，并发生所需的反应。在生成乙烯氧化物的情形下，直径为15至20英尺(1英尺＝0.3048米)大的反应器通常具有数千根反应物管道，作为示例可以是2万或者更多，它们被反应器中的管板支承。管道长度可以变化至40英尺，优选的是20至40英尺，管道外径优选为1英寸(1英寸＝25.4毫米)至2英寸。提供传热介质以排出放热反应产生的热。可以采用各种流体，包括水、道氏热载体和类似流体。
本发明所述组件的实质是提供一种与管状反应器的出口头部构成整体的热交换器，管状反应器的出口处具有一个开口，通过焊接热交换器被固接到该开口周围。图中，被整体连接的热交换器表示为热交换器7。通常，热交换器的直径可以在约4英尺至8英尺的范围内变化并包括被上部和下部管板支承的管道，管道数量在800至约3000的范围内变化，管道外径在约1英寸至约1.75英寸的范围内变化。提供热交换流体以冷却热交换器管道，以便迅速地将反应混合物的温度降低到一个温度点，在该点以下还会发生进一步的氧化反应和/或生成各种副产物。优选的热交换流体是水。
通常在反应器管道中填充载体银催化剂。比如，在美国专利US5,504,052，5,646,087，5,691,269，5,854,167等文件中，记载了合适的催化剂和使用条件，它们公开的内容在此作为参考。
组件的反应器部分由该特殊领域所公知的材料制成。热交换器部分最好是由碳钢或者二相合金钢制成，其中包含的管道最好是开口的且未包装的，尽管可以采用所需的惰性物质填充，比如铝或者类似物。
比如，在生成乙烯氧化物的反应中采用的管状反应器是公知的，这样的反应器可以包括本组件的反应器部分。
附图显示了本发明的一种组件的一个具体实例，其用于氧化乙烯以生成乙烯氧化物。反应器1和冷却器7所用的结构材料为碳钢。反应器的直径为16.5英尺，并包含由管板3和4支承的管道，8809根反应器管道，管道的长度约27英尺，每一管道的外径为1.5英寸。
热交换器7被焊接到反应器1的下部出口头部6上。该热交换器的直径为约6英尺，长度为约10英尺，被焊接到头部6的一个直径为5.7英尺的开口上。在交换器7中由管板9和10支承有1468根管道，这些管道是开口的并且未包含填充固体。管道外径为1.25英寸。
通过管路15引入的并通过管路16排出的冷却热交换流体是水。
通过头部6从反应器1排出的通常所说的反应气体的温度范围为420(其中，华氏温度F到摄氏温度C的换算关系为：C＝(F-32)÷1.8)至540。根据本发明组件的使用，这些气体几乎立即被冷却到低于在热交换器7中发生进一步反应的温度，即到420或者更低。反应气体基本上在出口反应温度下从反应器1进入热交换器7，并通过管路17由出口头部11排出热交换器7。根据本发明的实践，通过管路17排出的反应气体混合物被用一种公知的方法处理用以分离和回收生产物以及循环利用混合物的组分，比如未反应的乙烯，氧气和惰性气体。

Claims (20)

1.反应器和热交换器冷却器组件，其包括一管状反应器，所述反应器具有一进口反应器头部和一出口反应器头部，所述反应器内填充着催化剂的反应管道被一进口端管板和一出口端管板支承，一管状热交换器具有一上端部和一下端部，且包括支撑所述交换器内的管道的上部端板和下部端板，所述交换器的上端部被整体固接在所述反应器的出口反应器头部的一开口周围，因此形成与所述反应器成一整体的结构，所述反应器的出口反应器头部的所述开口用于让反应气体从所述反应器流动到所述热交换器中并穿过所述热交换器内的管道，其特征在于，所述反应气体以间接的热交换方式由一种引入至所述热交换器的热交换流体所冷却。
2.按照权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，配设有用水来对在所述反应器和所述热交换器内的管道进行冷却的装置。
3.按照权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，所述反应器被一种载体银催化剂填充。
4.按照权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，所述热交换器包括一流体引入管道。
5.按照权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，所述热交换器包括一流体排出管道。
6.按照权利要求1所述的组件，其包括至少2万根反应管道，其特征在于，所述反应管道具有20英尺至40英尺的长度，和1英寸至2英寸的外径。
7.按照权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，所述热交换器焊接在所述反应器的出口反应器头部的所述开口周围。
8.按照权利要求1所述的组件，其特征在于，所述热交换器具有约4英尺至8英尺的直径，并容纳有管道，所述管道数量为800至约3000根，且所述管道外径为约1英寸至约1.75英寸。
9.用于氧化乙烯以生成乙烯氧化物的方法，其包括：
a)设置一反应器和热交换器冷却器组件，所述组件包括一管状反应器，所述反应器具有一进口反应器头部和一出口反应器头部，所述反应器内填充着催化剂的反应管道从所述进口反应器头部延伸到所述出口反应器头部，所述反应管道被一进口端管板和一出口端管板支承，一管状热交换器具有一上端部和一下端部，且包括支撑所述热交换器内的管道的上部端板和下部端板，所述交换器的上端部被整体固接在所述反应器的出口反应器头部的一开口周围，因此形成与所述反应器成一整体的结构，所述反应器的出口反应器头部的所述开口用于让反应气体从所述反应器流动到所述热交换器中，并穿过所述热交换器内的管道，其特征在于，所述反应器中的所述反应气体以间接的热交换方式由一种引入至所述热交换器的热交换流体所冷却；
b)将乙烯和氧引入所述反应管道中，并使所述乙烯和氧在所述反应管道内发生反应，以便形成一包含乙烯氧化物的反应气体；并且
c)冷却所述反应气体。
10.按照权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，一惰性气体另外被引入到所述反应管道内。
11.按照权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述催化剂由载体银构成。
12.按照权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述反应管道被冷却。
13.按照权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，用水对所述反应管道进行冷却。
14.按照权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热交换流体由水构成。
15.按照权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，从所述反应器流到所述热交换器的反应气体具有一420至540的温度。
16.按照权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述反应气体在所述热交换器中被冷却到一为420或者更低的温度。
17.按照权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，通过一热交换流体对所述反应气体进行冷却，所述热交换流体通过一流体引入管道被引入所述热交换器中，所述热交换流体随后通过一流体排出管道被排出。
18.按照权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热交换流体由水构成。
19.按照权利要求9所述的方法，其包括至少2万根反应管道，其特征在于，所述反应管道具有20英尺至40英尺的长度，和1英寸至2英寸的外径；并且，所述热交换器具有约4英尺至8英尺的直径，并容纳有管道，所述管道数量为800至约3000根，且所述管道外径为约1英寸至约1.75英寸。
20.按照权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热交换器焊接至所述反应器。
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