TW592831B - Reactor and heat exchanger cooler assembly - Google Patents

Reactor and heat exchanger cooler assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
TW592831B
TW592831B TW090129527A TW90129527A TW592831B TW 592831 B TW592831 B TW 592831B TW 090129527 A TW090129527 A TW 090129527A TW 90129527 A TW90129527 A TW 90129527A TW 592831 B TW592831 B TW 592831B
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Taiwan
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reactor
heat exchanger
tube
reaction
outlet
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TW090129527A
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English (en)
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Barry Billig
Bhupendra Ranibhai Baria
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Scient Design Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/0476—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more otherwise shaped beds
    • B01J8/048—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more otherwise shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0496—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B01J8/067—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
    • C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
    • C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
    • C07D301/04—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen
    • C07D301/08—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase
    • C07D301/10—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0083—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium
    • F28D7/0091—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium the supplementary medium flowing in series through the units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1607—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00212—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00522—Controlling the temperature using inert heat absorbing solids outside the bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/0053—Controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
    • B01J2219/185—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor vertical

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

592831 五 Λ發明説明（ * 登明領域 本發明係關於一反應器與冷卻器總成，其對傳導放熱反 應’如氧分子和乙烯（ethylene)反應以形成乙烯氧化物 (ethylene oxide)是有用的。 先前技藝 乙烯的氧，化以形成乙烯氧化物傳統上係在一殼體和管反 應器内完成，一適當包含銀的固態觸媒配置在細長管中， 且反應氣體在反應條件下通過進入與觸媒接觸。在殼體側 邊則提供一循環流體以移除放熱反應產生的熱。 訂 為了減少完全氧化的可能性以及不想要的次要反應，如 甲醛（formaldehyde)和/或乙醛（acetaidehyde)的形成（這些產物 的形成會產生純化問題因為這些產物從產生乙缔氧化物分 離是困難的），反應氣體混合物在完成想要的反應以後迅 速冷卻是重要的。 先前技藝已經認知到這個問题，而在一些建議的補救方 法中已經在反應器管的最後部分使用以完成反應器氣體的 冷卻。美國專利第4,061，659號案建議提供一冷卻區域與反 應區域鄰接，冷卻區域充滿一惰性耐高溫微粒，其具有㈦ m2/g或更小的表面積。 英國專利第1449,0%號案提供一分成三個不同區域的管 狀反應器。反應氣體通過管以惰性物（inerts)包裹的第一部 分以提供一預熱區域，以觸媒包裹管的第二部分以提供— 反應區域，及在這些相同的管以惰性物包裹$未包裹的第 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐） 592831 A7 , ” ---------— ί 姐丨 v ηι ' '' — 五、發明説明（ ） 2 三部分以提供一冷卻區域。 美國專利第4,921，681號案提供一形成預熱、反應、和冷 卻區域的管狀反應器。 最近的美國專利第5,292,904號案同樣地描述一個管狀反 應器，其管分成一預熱區域、一反應區域和一最後包裹冷 卻區域。 發明概述 本發明係提供一改良反應器和冷卻器總成，其可低價製 造與操作，並且提供反應氣體的快速冷卻。本發明亦提供 一傳統形式的管狀反應器連同一熱交換器，其與反應器的 噴出頭成一體，且用以冷卻反應氣體。 圖式簡單說明 圖1是本發明之反應器和冷卻器總成的示意圖。 發明詳細說明 參考圖1，反應器1是一殼體和管型態的反應器，其傳統 上係作為乙烯氧化物的生產。在反應器中提供許多的細長 管2，入口端固定到管薄片3且出口端到管薄片4，另包括 入口反應器頭5及出口反應器頭6。 殼體和管的熱交換器7固定到且與出口反應器頭6成一 體，在出口頭6提供一開口以與熱交換器7溝通且便於將熱 交換器7焊接到開口周圍的出口頭6，而與反應器形成一體 之結構。如圖中所示，熱交換器7具有固定到管薄片9和1 〇 的管8。另具有熱交換器出口頭1 1。 實際上，反應氣體，例如乙烯、氧氣和壓縮氣體（ballast 本紙張尺度適财@@家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公爱）5 一
裝 訂
592831 A7 i广ό -—_ _Β7 \ ， . ' _ 五、發明説明（ ） ： :: gas)經由管線丨2引入反應器1並在反應條件下通過以適當銀 催化劑包裹的反應器管2。反應的熱利用循環的熱傳導流 體’例如水，經由管線1 3引入到反應器1的殼體側邊，且 經由管線1 4來移除。 反應氣體通過產生乙晞氧化物產物的管2且緊接著出口 管2氣體通過,出口頭6，然後到熱交換器7的管8且立刻冷卻 以防止進—步的氧化和同分異構化。，冷卻流體經由管線1 5 引入到冷卻器7的殼體側邊且經由線1 6移出。水是適當且 較佳的冷卻流體。冷卻的反應氣體經由管線1 7離開冷卻器 7 ’且產品的恢復和各組成部分的再循環係以一般傳統方 式來處理。 本發明之反應器與冷卻器總成的優點之一，是熱交換器 7特別設計成在冷卻反應氣體時有最大之效能，而不會有 先前技術中反應器管用來作為冷卻功能的限制。熱交換器 7之流速，溫度，等條件可分別地被調節而與反應器1的熱 移除無關。 熱交換器管8能夠以惰性固體填塞，但是以不被固體材 料填塞為佳。 直接固定熱交換器到反應器頭，能使冷卻設計較有效且 結構的整體性較佳，且因為熱交換器接近到反應器而確保 反應器體的迅速冷卻。 如當反應器1的管2延伸部提供當作冷卻區域的情況時， 熱义換器7中的熱傳導流體不會受限於反應器1的條件，管 8中的冷卻獨立於反應器1的操作條件之外。因此，當反應 本紙張尺度適用^國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐）-
裝— 訂
592831 A7 _______B7五、發明説明（ ） 器1條件改變時，在各處的觸媒生命週期能夠在熱交換器7 中保持最佳條件。 此外，將熱交換器7建構成反應器1的一部分，在出口反 應頭6中的常駐時間可以減到最少，如此限制副產物形成 的時間，此與習知技術成對比，因習知技術係那裡提供一 導管以傳送反應氣體到一分離的外部熱交換器。 本發明的改良反應器與，熱交換冷卻器總成通常有用於放 熱反應，如在管狀反應器中發生的氧化作用，其反應物與 包裹在一殼體與管反應器中的反應管内的觸媒接觸。乙埽 氧化成乙晞氧化物是一個重要例子。 包括本發明總成的一部份之反應器，是通常用於如生產 乙缔氧化物的放熱反應技術的類型。傳統上，這樣的反應 器包含一為反應氣體進入的上入口頭和一為反應產物離開 的出口頭。提供管薄片以支持許多填塞適當觸媒的管，其 可讓反應物氣體通過，且在其中發生想要的反應。在生產 乙缔氧化物的情況下，反應器具有丨5到2()英尺的直徑，且 通常有成千根反應物管，例如兩萬或者更多，而由反應器 中的f薄片支持。管長度能夠達到4 〇英尺長，以2 〇到4 〇 英尺的範圍來當作說明，管外直徑以1英叶到2英叶來當作 說明。熱傳媒介提供以移除放熱加熱反應。各種流體包括 水、道氏熱載體（dowtherm)等等能夠被使用。 本發明總成的要點是一熱交換器與出口 6之一開口的管 狀反應器的出口頭成一體，而在出口 6周圍將熱交換器用 焊接來固定。在圖式中一體連接之熱交換器是由熱交換器 裝 订 線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公 592831 A7 B7 五、發明説明（5 ) 7來顯示。通常熱交換器的直徑在大約4英尺到❻尺的範 圍，且包含由上和下的管薄片支持的管，這些管在數目上 從_到大約3_，而纟外部直徑上從大約！英忖到大約 1:75英付的&圍。$ 了快速降低反應混合物的溫度低於更 進-步的氧二作用和/或各種副產品的產生發生的溫度， 另提供-熱交換流體以冷卻這些熱交換器管。熱交換流體 以水為佳。- 傳統的支持銀催化劑係填塞在反應器管中，以下為適合 使用的觸媒和條件，例如：在美國專利第5，綱，收， 5,646,087 ’ 5,691，269，5,854，167等案可作為參考資料一併揭 露。 總成的反應器部分包含在這此技術領域中已為吾人所熟 知之材料。熱交換器部分以碳鋼或雙煉鋼（duplexsted)製造 為佳，而包含在其中之管以開放以及未填塞者為佳，雖然 如果想要的惰性包裝如礬土（ahlmina)或他種材料亦能夠被 使用。 管狀反應器用於，例如：乙烯氧化物的生產和熟知者，以 及可將此總成之反應器部分包含之反應器。 本發明總成的一具體實例，係用於乙晞的氧化作用以形 成乙埽氧化物，此在附圖中加以描述。用於反應器1和A 卻器7結構的材料是碳鋼。反應器具16·5英尺的直徑和含有 管薄片3和4支持的管，88〇9根反應器管具有大約2 7英尺的 長度，每一根管具有1.5英吋的一外部直徑。 銲接到反應器1的低出口頭6的是熱交換器7。熱交換器 _______ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐） 592831 A7
有一大約6英尺的直徑和一大約i 〇英尺的長度，且銲接到 在頭6中一 5.7英尺直徑的開口。由管薄片9和1〇在熱交換 器7中支持的是1468根管，其是開放且包含未填塞的固 體。這些管子具有一 1.25英吋的外部直徑。 由管線1 5引入和由管線1 6移除的冷卻熱交換流體是水。
裝· 訂
一般來說，，反應氣體透過頭6從反應器1離開，其溫度的 範圍在420 °F到540Τ之間。根據本發明總成的使用，這些 氣體幾乎立即地冷卻到能進一步在熱交換器7中發生反應 的溫度以下，也就是說，420T或更低。這些反應氣體在基 本上的出口反應溫度從反應器1進入熱交換器7且經由管線 1 7自出口頭1 1離開熱交換器7。根據本發明的具體實例， 處理經由管線1 7離開的反應氣體混合物，與已知分離與恢 復產物，以及混合物，如未反應乙埽、氧、壓縮氣體，等 的再循環過程一致。 元件符號轰 1 反應器 10 管薄片 2 細長管 11 熱交換器出口頭 3 管薄片 12 線 4 管薄片 13 線 5 入口反應器頭 14 線 6 出口反應器頭 15 線 7 熱交換器 16 線 8 管 17 線 9 管薄片 _____-9- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家棵準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公爱)

Claims (1)

  1. 592831 A BCD 六、申請專利範圍 .J 1. 一種反應器（1)與熱交換器（7)冷卻裝置，包含一管狀反 應存（1)，其具有一進口頭（5)和一出口頭,反應器 管（2)中填塞觸媒，其在由一入口端管薄片（3)和一出口 端管薄片（4)支持的該反應器（1)中内，一管狀熱交換器 (7) —體地固定到該出口頭薄片（4)，該出口頭薄片（4) 具有一開口，可讓反應氣體混合物從反應器（1)通過該 開口進入該交換器（7)，且穿過在該熱交換器（7)的管 (8) ，俾使該反應氣體由用引入該熱交換器（7)中之_熱 交換流體來間接熱交換冷卻。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之裝置，其中另包括以水來冷卻 在反應器（1)和熱交換器（7)中的管（8)之裝置。 3·如申請專利範圍第丨或2項之裝置，其中該反應器（丨）中 填塞*^支持的銀催化劑。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐)
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