CN1287889C - 固/液反应 - Google Patents
固/液反应 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1287889C CN1287889C CNB028168968A CN02816896A CN1287889C CN 1287889 C CN1287889 C CN 1287889C CN B028168968 A CNB028168968 A CN B028168968A CN 02816896 A CN02816896 A CN 02816896A CN 1287889 C CN1287889 C CN 1287889C
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- Prior art keywords
- suspension
- reactant
- reaction
- reaction zone
- insoluble
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 organic acid halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001276404 Arius Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004334 oxygen containing inorganic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloropropane Chemical compound CC(Cl)CCl KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical class ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWIPUXXIFQQMKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-3-(4-cyanophenyl)propanoate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 KWIPUXXIFQQMKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940090948 ammonium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QQGWRQWHTZLGKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyphosphanyl benzoate Chemical compound OP(O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QQGWRQWHTZLGKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical class CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyphosate Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCP(O)(O)=O XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical group [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurochloridic acid Chemical compound OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloroethane Chemical class ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C=C1 YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VGCXGMAHQTYDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroacetyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)=O VGCXGMAHQTYDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005562 Glyphosate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012359 Methanesulfonyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSKNSYBAZOQPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CSKNSYBAZOQPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940097068 glyphosate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CS(Cl)(=O)=O QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940081066 picolinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RZWZRACFZGVKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanoyl chloride Chemical compound CCC(Cl)=O RZWZRACFZGVKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Cl NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/141—Esters of phosphorous acids
- C07F9/1415—Compounds containing the structure P-O-acyl, P-O-heteroatom, P-O-CN
- C07F9/1417—Compounds containing the structure P-O-C(=X)- (X = O, S, Se)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/005—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream
- B01J8/006—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream by filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/005—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream
- B01J8/007—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream by sedimentation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/20—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/3804—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)] not used, see subgroups
- C07F9/3808—Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
- C07F9/3813—N-Phosphonomethylglycine; Salts or complexes thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00548—Flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00654—Controlling the process by measures relating to the particulate material
- B01J2208/0069—Attrition
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种进行固/液反应的方法,其包括:a)制备反应悬浮液,其中第一反应物以悬浮形式存在,第二反应物以悬浮介质中的溶解形式存在,其中反应产物之一不溶于悬浮介质,b)将反应悬浮液通过延长的反应区,使得物流的雷诺数小于20,000,以及c)分离出形成的不溶性反应产物。本方法的优点在于不溶性反应产物是以容易过滤的形式得到。
Description
本发明涉及一种进行固/液反应、即在液体介质中反应的方法,其中第一反应物以固体颗粒形式存在,而第二反应物以溶解形式存在,且反应产物之一不溶于反应介质。适当选择反应介质使得很多反应能够以该方式进行,例如通过Williamson合成制备醚或酯,或者通过第一酸的盐与第二酸的卤化物反应制备混合的酸酐。在这些合成中,作为联产物形成的无机盐不溶于很多有机溶剂。
一个工业上重要的例子是苯甲酸钠或苯甲酸铵与氯化磷(III)反应形成亚磷酸三苯甲酰酯和氯化钠或氯化铵。亚磷酸三苯甲酰酯可以与三氰甲基六氢三嗪反应,且反应产物可以水解为N-膦酰基甲基甘氨酸(已知其被称为草甘膦并广泛用于整个除草剂领域)。在进行亚磷酸三苯甲酰酯的上述进一步反应之前,需要将形成的氯化钠或氯化铵全部分离出来。
在Chemiker-Zeitung 107(1938),No.4,121-126页中,Bollmacher,H.和Satori,P.描述了亚磷酸三苯甲酰酯的制备。此处,苯甲酸钠悬浮于无水乙醚中,并与氯化磷(III)混合。随后在高真空下蒸除溶剂,并通过用己烷处理以除去形成的副产物。
在所述类型的反应中,其中一种反应物是固体,而另一种反应物以溶液形式存在于液相中,该反应在固体反应物的表面或表面附近发生。不溶性反应产物在固体反应物的表面上形成。但是,初始引入的固体反应物和形成的固体反应产物之间的接触点非常脆弱。此外,固体反应物的体积在反应过程中稳定减少,这样,在反应结束时仅存在固体反应产物的松散附聚物。在固体反应物表面上生长的固体反应产物经常形成同样很脆弱的多孔结构。甚至很小的机械应力就足以使固体反应产物从固体反应物的表面脱离,或破坏固体反应产物的松散附聚物。反应过程中的剧烈搅拌导致形成非常细并因此难以过滤的固体。这些缺点随着批次尺寸的增加而更加明显,这是由于搅拌器上的较高剪切作用使得大批次中的磨损增加。但是,如果不使用机械混合,固体将沉降在反应器的底部或漂浮在液体的表面,由于扩散路径长而导致反应时间不能接受地变长。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种进行固/液反应的方法,其中不溶性反应产物是以容易过滤的形式得到的。
我们已经发现,该目的可以通过以下方法实现,其包括:
a)制备一种反应悬浮液,其中第一反应物以在悬浮形式存在,第二反应物以悬浮介质中的溶解形式存在,其中反应产物之一不溶于悬浮介质,
b)将反应悬浮液通过延长的反应区,使得物流的雷诺数小于20,000,以及
c)分离出形成的不溶性反应产物。
选择悬浮介质,使其对于使用的反应物和反应产物是惰性的。第一反应物不溶于悬浮介质,而第二反应物可溶于悬浮介质。不溶性反应产物可以是目标产物,或者是反应的联产物。
对于本发明的目的而言,“不溶”是指溶解度小于1g/100ml,而“可溶”是指溶解度或混溶度大于5g/100ml,分别在各自的反应温度下。反应悬浮液以小于20,000、优选小于10,000、特别优选小于5,000的雷诺数流经反应区,即流动基本是层流或轻微湍流。因此,反应悬浮液在低剪切条件下流经反应区。“延长的反应区”是指反应区的长度与(最大)直径之比大于10,优选大于25。对反应区的横截面没有限制,但通常优选圆形横截面。
首先,本发明的方法避免了反应悬浮液中脆弱颗粒经受过量机械作用力(产生磨损和不希望的微小固体)这样一种状况。其次,层流或者最多轻微湍流的流动防止了反应悬浮液中出现不均一性,即固体沉降的出现。
反应悬浮液沿着与延长的反应区的纵轴平行的方向流经后者。一般而言,反应区的纵轴优选是垂直的,即反应悬浮液沿重力方向或与重力相反的方向通过反应区。当形成的不溶性反应产物所具有的密度大于悬浮介质时,优选沿与重力相反的方向流动,而当形成的不溶性反应产物所具有的密度小于悬浮介质和/或反应显著放热,导致悬浮介质在反应过程中密度下降时,优选沿重力方向流动。优选这样选择流动速度:其至少与形成的不溶性反应产物颗粒下沉或上浮时的速度一样大,而颗粒的下沉或上浮又取决于各种因素,例如反应介质的速度。
本发明方法的第一步骤是制备“反应悬浮液”,即,将适当选择的悬浮介质、第一反应物和第二反应物进行接触,并且反应物均匀分散于悬浮介质中。反应悬浮液所具有的固体含量是10-50重量%。固体含量的上限仅由悬浮液保持易于泵抽的需要确定。另一方面,使用高度稀释的悬浮液进行操作是不经济的。
在反应悬浮液的制备中,反应物向悬浮液介质中的加入顺序本身并不重要。但是,通常优选通过将第一反应物于悬浮介质中的悬浮液与液态或溶解的第二反应物混合而制备反应悬浮液。因此,优选的操作是将悬浮介质中的颗粒状第一反应物淤浆化,并将得到的悬浮液与第二反应物(如果其是液体)或与第二反应物于悬浮介质或与之混溶的溶剂中的溶液混合。
液态或溶解的第二反应物的加入优选通过在反应区上游的混合区中,将第二反应物计量加入第一反应物的悬浮液流而进行。混合区中的混合时间应当比在反应区中的停留时间短。反应区中的停留时间优选是混合区中停留时间的至少5倍、特别是至少10倍,特别优选至少20倍。反应区中的停留时间通常是2分钟至6小时。
第二反应物的有效混合可以通过例如位于紧接着第二反应物计量进料点下游的静态混合装置而实现。但是,优选的混合方法是将悬浮液以高流速通过混合区并随后降低流速。这可以有利地通过位于进料点下游的部分混合区具有大于进料点区域的横截面而实现。由于高流速区域的静态压力低,已经计量加入的第二反应物与流动的悬浮液密切混合。随后降低流速,获得本发明方法中采用的低剪切条件。
还可以从多个点将第二反应物加入第一反应物的悬浮液中。因此,例如,可以将部分第二反应物加入反应区上游的混合区,其余部分由一个或多个点计量加入反应区。
本发明的方法可以绝热进行,即基本上与环境没有热交换。另一方面,可以提供适当的热交换装置,用于加热和/或冷却,例如旋管,加热或冷却介质流过这些旋管,并且这些旋管位于作为反应区的流管壁中或者位于管壁上,使得热量在管壁和旋管之间传导。加热或冷却介质流过其中且位于反应区中的内部装置同样是可行的,但由于有产生湍流的危险,因而并不优选。反应温度根据使用的反应物类型变化很大。通常在-80至250℃的范围内。
在许多情况下,将反应悬浮液分成许多亚流并将亚流通过平行管是有利的。平行管可以被传热介质环绕,因此本发明方法可以以简单的方式在常用的管壳式换热器中进行。
反应悬浮液流过反应区的流动方式基本上是活塞式流动或抛物线形。可以通过反应区中适当的内部装置改善反应悬浮液的径向混合。但是,当决定内部装置的形状和排布时,必须小心地确保流动物流的低剪切特征不会受到不利影响。
形成的不溶性反应产物通过沉降或优选过滤分离出来。为此,优选将悬浮液直接地、而不是通过传递设备引入过滤装置。适合的过滤装置是例如带式过滤器、旋转过滤器、压滤器或离心机。优选连续操作的过滤装置,特别是带状过滤器。
本发明方法中可能的第一反应物是例如有机酸或含氧无机酸的盐或醇盐;可能的第二反应物是无机或有机酸卤化物和烷基卤。
适合的有机酸或含氧无机酸的盐是脂族、芳族或杂芳族羧酸或磺酸的碱金属、碱土金属或铵盐。这些包括C1-C18烷羧酸,例如甲酸、乙酸或丙酸,以及单环或二环芳族羧酸,其环上可含有一个或两个选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子并可带有1-4个分别选自C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、硝基和卤素的取代基,例如苯甲酸、萘甲酸或吡啶羧酸。
适合的醇盐是醇或酚的碱金属或碱土金属盐。所述醇或酚包括直链或支链的C1-C18链烷醇,例如甲醇或乙醇,以及可以如上取代的单环或二环芳族羟基化合物。
在碱金属盐中,通常优选钠和钾盐。还特别优选由氨和胺衍生的铵盐。这些包括例如四C1-C18烷基铵盐,其中烷基部分可以是相同或不同的。
适合的无机酸氯化物是例如氯化磷(III)、氯化磷(V)、亚硫酰氯或硫酰氯。适合的有机酸氯化物是脂族、芳族或杂芳族酸的卤化物,特别是氯化物。这些包括C1-C18烷羧酸和磺酸的卤化物,例如乙酰氯、丙酰氯或甲磺酰氯,以及可如上取代的单环或二环芳族羧酸或磺酸的卤化物,例如苄基氯、苯磺酰氯或对甲苯磺酰氯。
适合的烷基卤是伯、仲或叔烷基-氯、-溴或-碘。这些包括直链或支链的C1-C18烷基卤,诸如甲基氯、乙基氯或叔丁基氯。
适合的悬浮介质是脂族和芳族烃,诸如己烷、庚烷、辛烷、异辛烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、苯,在芳环上最多有3个C1-C4烷基的烷基苯,例如甲苯、间-、邻-和对-二甲苯及其混合物;卤代烃,特别是氯代烃,例如二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、1,2-二氯甲烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷、氯代苯、全氯乙烯、1,2-二氯丙烷;氟代烃,诸如氟代苯或氟烷基取代的苯;醚,诸如乙醚、二异丙醚、二烷、四氢呋喃、二甲氧基乙烷、二甘醇二甲醚;酮,诸如丙酮、环己酮、甲基异丁基酮;或酯,诸如乙酸乙酯;有机硝基化合物,诸如硝基甲烷或硝基苯。
悬浮介质优选以基本不含水的形式使用,即悬浮介质的水含量优选小于0.5重量%,特别是小于0.1重量%。
通过以下附图和实施例阐述本发明。
图1是适于进行本发明方法的装置示意图。不是理解发明所必须的且本身显而易见的细节已经省略。
将固体反应物于悬浮介质中的悬浮液通过泵2和管线3引入反应区1。将液态或溶解的第二反应物经泵5和管线6引导,并经混合喷嘴4计量加入。离开反应区的悬浮液经管线7排出,并通入过滤装置。
实施例:
实施例1:
将苯甲酸铵于二氯乙烷中的悬浮液(20重量%)以2000g·h-1的速率加入长度为150cm、直径为3cm的直流管底部。同时,经流管入口上游的T接头,向悬浮液中计量加入131.5g·h-1氯化磷(III)。苯甲酸铵悬浮液预冷至6-7℃,而氯化磷(III)是处于室温的。将反应混合物以小于2000的雷诺数以活塞式流动的形式通过流管。底部的温度是31℃(在加入氯化磷(III)后的约5cm),流过顶部的温度是36℃。流过顶部的混合物通过压滤器过滤。在用乙腈/水进行水解后,发现滤液中的苯甲酸含量是17.0重量%,且发现氯化物的含量少于0.32重量%。氯化铵的过滤阻力是3.8·1012mPa·s·m-2。
实施例2:
将苯甲酸铵于二氯乙烷中的悬浮液(24.2g溶于100ml)以25.6ml/分钟的速率加入实施例1所述的流管底部。同时,经流管入口上游的T接头,以7.72ml/分钟向悬浮液中计量加入浓度20%的氯化磷(III)于二氯乙烷中的溶液。反应混合物以活塞式流动的形式通过流管。在加入氯化磷(III)约5cm后的温度是38℃。流过顶部的混合物通过压滤器过滤。得到约33.3g/分钟滤液。在用乙腈/水进行水解后,发现滤液中的苯甲酸含量是14.2重量%。氯化铵的过滤阻力是4.9·1012mPa·s·m-2。
对比实施例3:
于15℃下,将3127g浓度为20%的苯甲酸铵溶液置于装配了双叶轮搅拌器的搅拌容器中,并经45分钟滴加226.8g氯化磷(III)。搅拌器以80rpm运转。混合物于15-18℃再搅拌40分钟。随后通过压滤器过滤混合物。氯化铵的过滤阻力是2-2.5·1013mPa·s·m-2。在用乙腈/水进行水解后,发现滤液含17.4重量%的苯甲酸。
Claims (13)
1.一种进行固/液反应的方法,其包括:
a)制备反应悬浮液,其中选自有机和含氧无机酸的盐和醇盐的第一反应物以悬浮形式存在,选自无机和有机酸卤化物和烷基卤的第二反应物以在悬浮介质中的溶解形式存在,其中反应产物之一不溶于悬浮介质,
b)将反应悬浮液通过延长的反应区,使得物流的雷诺数小于20,000,以及
c)分离出形成的不溶性反应产物。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中物流的雷诺数小于10,000。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其中反应区的纵轴是垂直的。
4.权利要求1或2的方法,其中通过将第一反应物于悬浮介质中的悬浮液与液态或溶解的第二反应物混合而制备反应悬浮液。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中反应悬浮液在反应区中的停留时间至少是混合时间的10倍。
6.权利要求4的方法,其中将第二反应物计量加入第一反应物的悬浮液流中。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中在第二反应物计量加入后,降低悬浮液的流速。
8.权利要求1或2的方法,其中将反应悬浮液分成多个亚流,并将亚流通过平行管传送。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中使用的平行管被传热介质环绕。
10.权利要求1或2的方法,其中通过过滤分离不溶性反应产物。
11.权利要求1或2的方法,其中悬浮介质选自烃、卤代烃、醚、酮和酯。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中悬浮介质选自1,2-二氯乙烷、1,2-二氯丙烷及其混合物。
13.权利要求1或2的方法,其中使用的第一反应物是苯甲酸的碱金属盐或铵盐,而使用的第二反应物是氯化磷(III)。
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RU (1) | RU2266158C2 (zh) |
SI (1) | SI1423187T1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW592829B (zh) |
UA (1) | UA74933C2 (zh) |
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DE10216638A1 (de) * | 2002-04-15 | 2003-10-23 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ethern, Estern oder Säureanhydriden |
NZ519011A (en) * | 2002-09-01 | 2005-01-28 | Univ Waikato | Reaction process |
Family Cites Families (5)
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US3075830A (en) * | 1961-03-30 | 1963-01-29 | Du Pont | Continuous fluid bed adsorption of bromine on anion exchange resin |
US3397876A (en) * | 1966-01-14 | 1968-08-20 | Fall River Exploration And Min | Liquid-solid reaction apparatus |
US4956176A (en) * | 1989-06-20 | 1990-09-11 | Kraft General Foods, Inc. | Solids-fluid contacting apparatus with screen at fluid outlet |
US5256732A (en) * | 1990-08-13 | 1993-10-26 | Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. | Method for the continuous bulk polymerization for impact resistant styrene resin |
AR027024A1 (es) * | 1999-12-23 | 2003-03-12 | Basf Ag | Procedimiento para la preparacion de n-fosfonometilglicina |
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