CN1284952A - 用作β3肾上腺素能受体激动剂的羧基取代苯并二氢吡喃类衍生物 - Google Patents
用作β3肾上腺素能受体激动剂的羧基取代苯并二氢吡喃类衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1284952A CN1284952A CN98813619A CN98813619A CN1284952A CN 1284952 A CN1284952 A CN 1284952A CN 98813619 A CN98813619 A CN 98813619A CN 98813619 A CN98813619 A CN 98813619A CN 1284952 A CN1284952 A CN 1284952A
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- phenyl
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于治疗β-3受体介导的疾病的新的羧基取代的苯并二氢吡喃衍生物。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及新的苯并二氢吡喃化合物、用于制备它们的中间体、含有这样化合物的药用组合物和用这样的组合物选择性治疗β3肾上腺素能受体介导的疾病的方法。
发明背景
肾上腺素受体或肾上腺素能受体是效应器器官上的位点,该器官由交感神经系统的神经节后肾上腺素能纤维来神经支配,并且分类为α-肾上腺素能和β-肾上腺素能受体。α-肾上腺素能受体应答于去甲肾上腺素并且应答于这样的阻滞剂如酚苄明和酚妥拉明,而β-肾上腺素能受体应答于肾上腺素并且应答于这样的阻滞剂如普萘洛尔。
β-肾上腺素能受体亚型分为β-1、β-2和β-3肾上腺素能受体。β-1的刺激引起心脏刺激,而β-2的刺激引起支气管扩张和血管舒张。
在白色和棕色脂肪细胞(adipocytes)两者的细胞表面发现有β-3受体,其中它们的刺激促进脂解作用和能量消耗。已知对β-3肾上腺素能受体的选择性激动剂用于治疗哺乳动物上的高血糖(糖尿病)和肥胖,以及治疗胃肠道紊乱和神经发生的炎症(US专利第5,561,142号)。另外,已知它们降低哺乳动物上的甘油三酯和胆固醇水平并且提高高密度脂蛋白的水平(US专利第5,451,677号)。相应地,它们用于治疗例如高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症的情况和降低高密度脂蛋白水平以及用于治疗动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病和相关疾病。
用对β-3肾上腺素能受体具选择性的激动剂治疗这样的慢性疾病减少了由β-1或β-2受体刺激引起的不合乎需要副作用的潜在性,例如增加心率(β-1)和肌肉震颤(β-2)。目前已经发现一定的新的苯并二氢吡喃衍生物作为选择性β-3激动剂是有效的并用于治疗β-3介导的疾病。
发明描述
本发明特别涉及式Ⅰ的苯并二氢吡喃化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和酯:其中:R为氢、羟基、氧代、卤素、C1-C10卤烷基、C1-C10烷基、氰基、硝基、NR1R2、SR1、OR1、SO2R2、OCOR2、NR1COR2、COR2、NR1SO2R2、NR1CO2R2、C1-C10烷基、苯基、吡咯基,或者具有1至4个选自O、S和N的杂原子的5或6元杂环,每个部分任选由羟基、卤素、氰基、NR1R2、SR1、三氟甲基、OR1、C3-C8环烷基、苯基、NR1COR2、COR2、SO2R2、OCOR2、NR1SO2R2、NR1CO2R1、C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基和OR取代,并且每个环部分任选稠合于具有1至4个选自O、S和N的杂原子的5元杂环,所述稠合的杂环任选稠合于苯环上或者任选由氧取代;R1为氢、任选以1至4个选自羟基、卤素、CO2H、CO2C1-C10烷基、SO2C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基的取代基取代的C1-C10烷基;或者每个任选以1至4个选自卤素、硝基、氧代、C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基、C1-C10烷硫基的取代基取代的C3-C8环烷基、苯基或萘基;R2为R1或NR1R1;R3为氢、C1-C10烷基、CO2R1或Ar1为苯基,或者为具有1至4个选自O、S和N的杂原子的5或6元杂环,每个部分任选稠合于含有1至4个选自O、S和N的杂原子的5元杂环上,所述稠合的杂环任选稠合到苯环上或者由氧取代;m为1、2或3;n在每一情况中独立为0、1或2;X为任选由卤素取代的C1-C4烷基;R4为羟基、C1-C10烷氧基、O-R1或NR1R1。
如上相同的术语具有如下贯穿始终的意义:
C1-C4烷基和C1-C10烷基每个意指其分别具有1至大约4个或1至大约10个碳原子的直链或支链的烷基基团,其可为饱和的、不饱和的或部分饱和的,这样的基团包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、以及乙烯基、烯丙基、丙炔基、丁烯基、丁二烯基、异丙烯基、亚甲基、乙烯基、丙烯基、乙炔基等。
C1-C10卤烷基意指具有大约1个至大约10个碳原子的直链或支链的烷基基团,所述烷基以一个或多个卤原子取代,并且包括这样的基团如三氟甲基、三氯甲基、五氟乙基、氟甲基、6-氯己基等。
术语C1-C10烷氧基意指具有1个至大约10个碳原子和至少一个氧原子的直链或支链的烷氧基基团,其中任何C-C键可为饱和的或不饱和的,并且包括这样的基团如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基等。
C3-C8环烷基意指3至大约8个碳原子的饱和的单环烷基基团,并且包括这样的基团如环丙基、环戊基、环己基等。
C1-C10烷硫基意指具有1个至大约10个选自C和S原子并且含有至少一个或多个S原子的直链或支链的硫代烷基基团,并且包括这样的基团如硫代甲基、硫代乙基、2-硫代丙基、2,4-二硫代己基、8-甲基-2,4-二噻乙烷(dithiaethane)等。
卤素包括氟、氯、溴和碘。
Ar1包括苯基和这样的杂环基团如吡啶基、喹啉基、嘧啶基、吡咯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、咪唑基、噻唑基、苯并咪唑基、噻二唑基、苯并噻二唑基、吲哚基、二氢吲哚基、苯并二氧戊环基、苯并二噁烷基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噁嗪基、苯并异噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、四氢萘基、二氢苯并呋喃基、四氢喹啉基、氟代吡啶、噻吩并吡啶、2-四唑并-[1,5a]吡啶-6-基、苯并呋喃基、咔唑基、二苯并硫代呋喃基、2-四唑并-[1,5a]吡啶-6-基等。
C1-C10杂烷基意指具有1个至大约10个选自C、N、O和S原子并且含有至少一个杂原子的直链或支链的饱和的或不饱和的杂烷基基团,并且包括这样的基团如醚、胺、硫醚等。
当任何部分被描述为被取代时,其能具有一个或多个所指明的取代基,该取代基能定位在所述部分的任何可能的位置。当在任何部分上具有两个或多个取代基时,每个术语将在每一个情况中被相互独立定义。例如,NR1R1可表示NH2、NHCH3、NH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3等。
所述-(X)n-(CO)nR4侧链可在所述苯并二氢吡喃的苯基部分任何可能的位置上连接到所述苯并二氢吡喃部分。
本发明化合物的举例说明的实例包括以下式Ⅰ的化合物:2-{[2-(3-氯-苯基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-羧酸乙酯{2-[(2-羟基-2-吡啶-3-基-乙基氨基)-甲基]-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基}-乙酸3-{2-[(2-羟基-2-吡啶-3-基-乙基氨基)-甲基]-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基}-丙酸乙酯3-{2-[(2-羟基-2-吡啶-3-基-乙基氨基)-甲基]-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基}-丙酸2-{[2-(6-氨基-吡啶-3-基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-羧酸乙酯2-{[2-(6-氨基-吡啶-3-基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-羧酸(2-{[2-(6-氨基-吡啶-3-基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)-乙酸乙酯(2-{[2-(6-氨基-吡啶-3-基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)-乙酸3-(2-{[2-(6-氨基-吡啶-3-基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)-丙酸乙酯3-(2-{[2-(6-氨基-吡啶-3-基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)-丙酸2-{[2-(3-氯-苯基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基-羧酸(2-{[2-(3-氯-苯基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)-乙酸乙酯(2-{[2-(3-氯-苯基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)-乙酸3-(2-{[2-(3-氯-苯基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)-丙酸乙酯3-(2-{[2-(3-氯-苯基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)-丙酸2-[(2-羟基-2-吡啶-3-基-乙基氨基)-甲基]-苯并二氢吡喃-6-羧酸乙酯2-[(2-羟基-2-吡啶-3-基-乙基氨基)-甲基]-苯并二氢吡喃-6-羧酸{2-[(2-羟基-2-吡啶-3-基-乙基氨基)-甲基]-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基}-乙酸乙酯2-{[(2-羟基-2-(3-甲氧基-苯基)-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-羧酸2-[(2-羟基-2-四唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基-乙基氨基)-甲基]-苯并二氢吡喃-6-羧酸乙酯4-(2-{[(2-(4-乙酰基-苯基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)-N-甲基-2-{2-[(2-羟基-2-嘧啶-4-基-乙基氨基)-甲基]-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基}-乙酰胺4-(2-{[(2-(3-氰基-苯基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-8-基)-丁酸戊酯N-乙基-4-{2-[(2-羟基-2-嘧啶-2-基-乙基氨基苯基)-甲基]-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基}-N-甲基-丁酰胺(2E)-3-(2-{[((2R)-2-羟基-2-(3-吡啶基)乙基)氨基]甲基}(2S)苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)丙-2-烯酸乙酯(2E)-3-(2-({[(2R)-2-(6-氨基(3-吡啶基))-2-羟基乙基]氨基}甲基)(2S)苯并二氢吡喃-6-基]丙-2-烯酸(2Z)-3-(2-{[(2R)-2-羟基-2-(3-吡啶基)乙基)氨基]甲基}(2S)苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)丙-2-烯酰胺
如同真正的大多数类型的治疗有效的化合物,特别有效的某些亚型和某些种类是比其它的更优选的。在这个例子中,其为优选的式Ⅰ的那些化合物包括其中Ar1为任选由卤代,羟基、乙酰基、氰基、烷基或氨基取代的苯基、吡啶基或嘧啶基,R3为氢,m为1,对(X)n部分n为0,(CO)nR4为CO2R1,并且连接在所述苯并二氢吡喃部分的6位的那些化合物。
式Ⅰ化合物代表性的盐包括其借助本领域已知的技术例如由无机或有机酸或碱形成的所述常规的非毒性盐和所述季铵盐。例如,这样的酸加成盐包括乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、丁酸盐、枸橼酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、肉桂酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基乙烷磺酸盐、衣康酸盐、乳酸盐、马来酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、草酸盐、pamoate、果酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、磺酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和十一酸盐。
碱盐包括碱金属盐如钾和钠盐、碱土金属盐如钙和镁盐和具有有机碱的胺盐如二环己基胺盐和N-甲基-D-葡糖胺的铵盐。另外,碱性含氮基团可以这样的试剂如低级烷基卤代物如甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基的氯代物、溴代物和碘代物;二烷基硫酸盐像二甲基、二乙基和二丁基硫酸盐;和二戊基硫酸盐,长链卤化物如癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基和十八烷基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物,芳烷基卤化物像苄基和苯乙基溴代物等季铵化。
本发明中所述酯为非毒性的、药学上可接受的酯,例如烷基酯如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基或戊基酯。尽管甲基酯是优选的,可使用另外的酯如苯基-C1-C5烷基酯。通过多种常规方法包括使适当的酸酐、羧酸或酰氯与所述式Ⅰ化合物的醇基团反应可将式Ⅰ化合物进行酯化。在酰化催化剂如1,8-双[二甲基氨基]萘或N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶存在下,适当的酸酐与醇反应。在脱水剂如二环己基碳二亚胺、1-[3-二甲基氨基丙基]-3-乙基碳二亚胺或其它的用于通过除去水驱动反应的水溶性脱水剂和任选酰化催化剂存在下,适当的羧酸可与醇反应。在三氟乙酸酐和任选吡啶存在下,或者在含有吡啶的N,N-羰基二咪唑存在下,使用适当的羧酸也能达到酯化作用。酰氯与醇的反应在酰化催化剂如4-DMAP或吡啶存在下进行。
式Ⅰ化合物上敏感的或反应性的基团在任何所述以上的成酯方法中可能需要保护,并且保护基团可通过本领域熟知的常规方法引入和除去。
本领域技术人员将易于理解如何成功地实施这些以及其它的醇的酯化方法。
通过不对称中心性质或通过限制旋转,本发明化合物可以异构体形式存在。无论是否分离的、纯的、部分纯的或以外消旋混合物存在,本发明的所有异构体都包括在本发明范围内。其中在所述Ar1侧链上的所述羟基部分处于R构型(如在以上式Ⅰ描述的平面部分)的式Ⅰ化合物为优选的。通过本领域已知的标准技术,能够实现所述异构体的纯化和所述异构体混合物的分离。
用于制备本发明化合物的特殊的方法依所述要求的特别化合物而定。这样的因素如所述特殊的Ar1、X和(CO)nR4部分的选择和在所述多种部分的所述特殊取代基均在以下制备本发明特殊化合物的方法中起作用。本领域技术人员易于认识到这些因素。
本发明的式Ⅰ化合物能够按照以下反应流程中所指明的那样来制备。
通常,本发明化合物可通过本领域已知的技术和类似于它们的已知方法来制备。通常根据反应流程1合成所述式Ⅰ化合物,其中适当的环氧化物1与适当的胺2偶合。一般在大约-10℃至回流的温度下,于质子惰性溶剂如二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈或者在醇如乙醇、异丙醇或丙醇中进行所述反应。通过本领域技术人员已知的标准水解方法,能够把其中R4为烷氧基的式Ⅰ化合物进一步转化为相应的羧酸形式。
对于任何特殊的化合物的合成,本领域技术人员将意识到需要使用保护基团用于合成含有一定取代基的化合物。适合的保护基团和除去这样基团的适当方法的描述可发现于:有机合成中的保护基团,第二版,T.W.Greene,John Wiley和Sons,纽约,1991。例如,制备反应流程1的化合物之后,为了通过例如快速层析法使最终产物纯化,通过例如以试剂如二叔丁基二碳酸酯或其他本领域已知的方法处理,选择性保护其中R3为例如H的式Ⅰ化合物,得到氨基甲酸酯衍生物。纯化之后,借助本领域已知的方法,通过用酸例如HCl或三氟乙酸处理易于除去所述氨基甲酸酯基团。
反应流程1的环氧化物1为市售的或者可按照许多在本领域技术人员已知的文献中描述的方法之一制备。环氧化物1的代表性合成列于反应流程2中。在质子溶剂如乙酸/盐酸(HCl)混合物中,以试剂如N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(NCS)卤化芳基酮3,能够得到氯代乙酰基4。在极性溶剂如甲醇(MeOH)中,通过还原剂如硼氢化钠(NaBH4)处理4,得到相应的醇5。在溶剂如丙酮中,通过以碱如碳酸钾(K2CO3)处理醇5,得到所述环氧化物1a。
在这个特殊的合成中,化合物5和1a两者为外消旋的并且能够通过手性层析法得到每一个化合物纯的对映体形式。本领域技术人员意识到存在几种方法,这些方法通过不对称还原卤代酮4能产生对映体富含的(R)或(S)环氧化物1a。使用手性还原剂例如(但不局限于)(-)或(+)-DIP-Cl和(R)或(S)-Alpine硼烷能够实现不对称还原。
在反应流程3中概述其中Ar1为稠和至含有4个氮原子的5元杂环(1b)的吡啶环的环氧化物l的另外的合成方法。以丙二酸二甲酯、试剂如氯化镁和碱如三乙胺(CH(CO2Me)2、Et3N、MgCl2)处理酰氯6得到氯代的3-乙酰基-吡啶7。按照Kuo(Tetahedron,1992,48,9233)描述的方法,在高温下,于极性溶剂如二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中,所述中间体能够进行脱羧化。在极性溶剂如甲醇中,于酸如盐酸(HCl)存在下,以叠氮钠(NaN3)处理7,得到相应的四唑并吡啶8。在质子溶剂如乙酸/HBr(AcOH/HBr)混合物中,用试剂如N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)溴化所述酮8,得到溴代乙酰基物9。在极性溶剂如甲醇中,通过还原剂如硼氢化钠(NaBH4)处理9随后就地通过用碱如氢氧化钠(NaOH)处理,得到环氧化物1b。
通过类似于环氧化物1a的合成,使用先前描述的手性试剂,通过不对称还原卤代酮9可得到以纯的对映体形式存在的环氧化物1b。
按照反应流程1,使用所述环氧化物1b可产生其中Ar1为稠和至含有4个氮原子的5元杂环的吡啶环的式Ⅰ化合物,并且通过本领域已知的方法进一步处理,从所述6元环除去稠和的杂环,生成其中Ar1为由NH2取代的吡啶的式Ⅰ化合物。
反应流程3
在流程4中概述所述其中在(X)n中n为0和(CO)nR4为CO2R1的胺2a的代表性合成。在极性溶剂如乙醇中,于碱如乙醇钠存在下,以草酸二乙酯处理羟基苯乙酮10(市售获得)。处理后,以乙酸和盐酸的混合物处理所述残余物,得到羧酸11。使用催化剂如活性炭上的钯氢化11,得到所述苯并二氢吡喃12。以二氯甲基甲醚和三氯化铝可以处理所述苯并二氢吡喃-羧酸12,得到主要在6位取代的甲酰基-苯并二氢吡喃13。本领域其它已知的方法可存在不同的取代模式,例如使用相同或相似的反应顺序,通过其后转化为所述甲酰基-苯并二氢吡喃13的其它区域异构体的功能基团对所述起始原料(羟基苯乙酮10)能够在其芳香环上任何位置取代。所述甲酰基-苯并二氢吡喃13连续以试剂如草酰氯和氨处理,得到甲酰基-苯并二氢吡喃-酰胺14。在惰性溶剂如含有碱如三乙胺的四氢呋喃中,以试剂如三氟乙酸酐处理所述甲酰基-苯并二氢吡喃-酰胺14,得到甲酰基-苯并二氢吡喃-腈15。在缓冲液中,以化学氧化剂如亚氯酸钠处理所述甲酰基-苯并二氢吡喃-腈15,随后使用含有碱如1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]辛-7-烯的烷基卤代物如乙基碘进行酯化,得到所述酯-苯并二氢吡喃-腈16。在极性溶剂如乙醇中,在金属催化剂如披钯木炭存在下,以氢处理化合物16,得到伯胺2a。
可通过本领域技术人员已知的方法制备其中(CO)nR4不为CO2R1的式2化合物。例如,在极性溶剂如甲醇中,通过使用碱如氢氧化钠能够将酯2a或16皂化为相应的羧酸。然后能够以试剂如草酰氯和胺连续处理所述羧酸,得到如在流程4中阐明的所述相应的酰胺。
在流程5中概述其中在(X)n中n为2和(CO)nR4为CO2R1(2b)的胺2的代表性合成。在惰性溶剂如四氢呋喃中,化合物15和叶立德如17的Wittig反应,能够得到乙烯物18。在极性溶剂如乙醇中,在金属催化剂如披钯木炭存在下,以氢处理化合物18,得到伯胺2b。
反应流程5
能够由化合物12的衍生物合成其中m不为1的反应流程1的化合物2。例如,通过以还原剂例如氢化铝锂处理,能将化合物12还原为相应的醇。在适宜的溶剂中,通过用氧化剂如PCC(氯代铬酸吡啶鎓)处理,然后能将所述生成的醇氧化为相应的醛。按照例如由Wittig,G等在Chem.Ber.,1962,2514中描述的熟知方法,所述生成的醛能够经历烷基链的延长。通过由本领域技术人员熟知的标准氧化方法,能够将所述延长了烷基链的醛转化为羧酸,并且通过类似于反应流程4和5中的化合物12,该化合物能够用于替代化合物12以制备反应流程1的化合物2。
在流程6中概述其中在(X)n中n为0和(CO)nR4为CO2R1(2a)的胺2的另一种代表性合成方法。在极性溶剂如乙酸中,于催化剂如氯化锌存在下,以卤化试剂如苄基三甲基二氯代碘酸铵处理化合物12,得到相应的碘芳基物19。在催化剂如乙酸钯和碱如三乙胺存在下,以试剂如一氧化碳和醇如甲醇使化合物19经历羰基化,得到酯20。通过在溶剂如四氢呋喃中以酰化剂如草酰氯处理,随后先后以氨和在碱如三乙胺存在下的三氟乙酸酐(Chem.Com.1998,259)处理,能将化合物20转化为相应的氰基化合物16。按照在反应流程4中描述的步骤,能将化合物16转化为胺2a。
反应流程6
在反应流程7中概述能够生成其中在(X)n中所述n为2和(CO)nR4为CO2R1的类型2的胺的反应流程6的另一种形式。如同在反应流程6中相似的方法,但是以不同的烷基化试剂如丙烯酸甲酯处理化合物19,得到酯21。在溶剂如甲醇或乙醇中,于催化剂如氯化铜存在下,通过还原剂如硼氢化钠处理化合物21,得到酯22。按照在反应流程6和4中描述的步骤,能将化合物21或22进一步转化成类型2的胺。
反应流程7
通过本领域技术人员已知的方法,也能将化合物21任选转化为烯烃部分,以制备其中X任选通过例如加入卤素如溴、氯、碘等方法来卤化的化合物。
通过在下文描述的特别实施例进一步阐明前面的反应流程。
本发明所述盐和酯易于通过常规化学方法制备。
本发明式Ⅰ化合物优选为选择性β-3肾上腺素能受体激动剂,其作用于β-3肾上腺素能受体介导的疾病而不同时发生β-1和/或β-2受体介导的副作用。相应地,本发明一个实施方案为给予人或动物本发明化合物以用于治疗β-3受体介导的疾病例如糖尿病、肥胖症、胃肠道障碍包括应激性肠道综合征和肠道蠕动过强的疾病、消化道溃疡、食管炎、胃炎和十二指肠炎、肠道溃疡包括炎性肠道疾病、溃疡性结肠炎、节段性回肠炎和直肠炎、胃肠道溃疡以及神经性炎症例如咳嗽、哮喘和抑郁。人们也相信本发明化合物在治疗高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症和治疗低密度和高密度脂蛋白水平的情况、动脉粥样硬化疾病和心血管疾病和相关疾病中是有效的。相应地,人们也相信本发明化合物作为血小板聚集抑制剂在治疗眼高压和青光眼中,并且在治疗尿道疾病包括频尿和失禁中,以及在治疗前列腺疾病中和作为局部抗炎药物是有效的。
因此,期待着本发明化合物作为治疗药物是有价值的。本发明实施方案包括治疗哺乳动物中由β-3肾上腺素能受体介导的疾病的方法,其包括给予所述哺乳动物含有一定量的治疗靶疾病有效的式I化合物的组合物。
通过评价所述化合物对不同β肾上腺素能受体亚型的亲和力和比较具有多种受体亚型亲和力的活性来发现特异性以及活性,可易于测定本发明化合物作为β-3肾上腺素受体激动剂的特异性,这能够通过标准和熟知的方法来测量。例如,本发明作为β-3肾上腺素能受体激动剂用于治疗β-3肾上腺素能受体介导的疾病的用途能够通过以下方法得到证实。
稳定表达全长人β-3肾上腺素能受体(Emorine,L.J.等:人β-3肾上腺素能受体的分子特性,Science(Wash.DC)245:1118-1121,1989)的中国仓鼠卵细胞(CHO)被用于以下方法。在95%空气和5%CO2中,在37℃下所有细胞系在90%的F12营养混合物(HAM)、10%胎小牛血清、100单位/ml青霉素G钠、100mg/ml硫酸链霉素和2mM L-谷氨酰胺中生长。所述转染细胞系也暴露于每一第4信使的G-418(800ug/ml)下。
为试验激动剂的活性,使细胞暴露于受试化合物,并然后试验用于cAMP产生。在96孔板(#3596,Costar,Cambridge,MA)上将100ulCHO细胞铺制成5×104细胞/孔,以在第二天得到70%的融合率。在37℃下孵育过夜后,移去培养基并在37℃下以KRP缓冲液(120mMNaCl,5.1mM KCl,0.6mM MgSO4·7H2O,0.8mM CaCl2·H2O,12.5uM磷酸盐缓冲液,20uM Hepes pH7.4)、+0.2uMIBMX(100ul/孔)、+1%DMSO、+/-受试化合物(10uM DMSO原液)处理细胞30分钟。从10uM至3nM以3倍系列稀释受试化合物。对照化合物异丙肾上腺素(在1.1mM抗坏血酸中10mM原液)为一个对所有三种肾上腺素能受体通用的激动剂,并且由1uM开始经3倍稀释来测定。所有受试化合物的活性以对1uM异丙肾上腺素的最大应答的%值表示。所期待的异丙肾上腺素对β-3、β-2和β-1受体的EC50值分别为5nM、1nM和0.2nM。
在孵育受试化合物30分钟后,移去所述缓冲液/化合物的混合物并在室温下以每孔200ul的65%乙醇处理所述细胞10分钟。然后把每孔150ul的溶胞产物转移到闪烁亲近测定板(#6005162,Packard,Meriden,CT)上,并且在37℃下将所述板干燥1.5小时。
所述cAMP SPA筛选试验系统(#RPA 556,Amersham,ArlingtonHeights,IL)用于测量生成cAMP的量。
在使用以上描述的方法的试验中,发现本发明的受试化合物具有β-3肾上腺素能受体激动剂的活性,优选为选择性β-3肾上腺素能受体激动剂的活性。
基于上述和其它的已知评价化合物受体位点抑制作用的标准实验室技术,通过标准毒性试验和通过标准药理试验用于确定对在以上哺乳动物中鉴定由β-3受体介导的的疾病的治疗,并且通过与已知的用于治疗这些情况的药物的结果相比较,通过治疗每一种所要求的适应症易于测定本发明化合物的有效剂量。在治疗这些疾病之一中所给予的所述活性成分的量按照这样的考虑如具体的化合物和所使用的剂量单位、给药模式、疗程、接受治疗患者的年龄和性别和所治疗疾病的性质和程度广泛变化。
所给予的所述活性成分的总量范围一般在每天大约0.01mg/kg至大约100mg/kg之间。并且优选在大约0.1mg/kg至大约20mg/kg体重之间。单位剂量可含有大约5mg至大约1500mg的活性成分,并且能每天给予一次或多次。当然,对每位患者而言,如同通过主治诊断医师测定的那样,特殊的初期和持续剂量给药方案将根据所治疗疾病的性质和程度变化。
本发明化合物能够通过用适当配制的药用组合物给予需要它的患者来获得所要求的药理作用。就本发明目的而言,患者为需要治疗特异性β-3肾上腺素能受体介导的疾病的哺乳动物,包括人。因此,本发明包括包含药学上可接受的载体和药学上有效量的式Ⅰ化合物或者它们的药学上可接受的盐或酯的药用组合物。在与所述活性成分有效活性一致的浓度下,药学上可接受的载体为对患者相对无毒性的和无不适作用的任何载体,以至于起因于所述载体的任何副作用并不改变破坏所述活性成分的有益作用。化合物的药用有效量为在所要治疗的具体疾病上产生结果或发挥影响的量。使用任何有效的包括速释和定时(timed)释放的制剂、口服的、非肠道的、局部等的常规剂量单位形式,式Ⅰ化合物能够以药学上可接受的载体给药。
对口服给药而言,本发明化合物能配制成固体或液体制剂,例如胶囊剂、丸剂、片剂、锭剂、糖锭剂、熔融物(melts)、散剂、容液剂、悬浮剂或乳剂,并且可按照本领域已知的制备药用组合物的方法制备。所述固体剂型能为胶囊剂,其能以含有例如表面活性剂、润滑剂和惰性填充剂如乳糖、蔗糖、磷酸钙和玉米淀粉的普通硬或软明胶胶囊型存在。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物可以常规片剂基质例如乳糖、蔗糖和玉米淀粉与以下物质压片,这些物质包括:粘合剂例如阿拉伯胶、玉米淀粉或明胶、用于给药后辅助打碎和溶解片剂的崩解剂如马铃薯淀粉、藻酸、玉米淀粉和瓜尔豆胶、用于改善片剂颗粒流动并防止片剂物料粘附于冲模和冲床的润滑剂,例如滑石粉、硬脂酸或硬脂酸镁、钙或锌,用于增强片剂的感官性能的性质并使得它们为患者更易于接受的染料、着色剂和矫味剂。用于口服液体剂型的适宜的赋形剂包括稀释剂如水和醇类,例如乙醇、苯甲醇和乙二醇,加入或不加入药学上可接受的表面活性剂、悬浮剂或乳化剂。
可分散的粉末和颗粒适宜于制备混悬剂水溶液。它们提供了与分散剂或湿润剂、悬浮剂和一种或多种防腐剂混合的活性成分。适宜的分散剂或湿润剂和悬浮剂通过那些以上已经提到的例子说明。另外的赋形剂如以上描述的那些甜味剂、矫味剂和着色剂也可存在。
本发明药用组合物也可以水包油乳剂形式存在。所述油相可为植物油如液体石蜡或植物油的混合物。适宜的乳化剂可为(1)天然来源的树胶如阿拉伯胶和西黄蓍胶,(2)天然来源的磷脂类如大豆和卵磷脂,(3)衍生于脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的酯类或部分酯类,例如脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯,(4)所述部分酯类与环氧乙烷的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯。所述乳剂也可含有甜味剂和矫味剂。
油状悬浮液可通过将所述活性成分悬浮在植物油例如花生油、橄榄油、芝麻油或椰子油中,或者悬浮在矿物油如液体石蜡中来配制。所述油状悬浮液可含有增稠剂例如蜂蜡、硬石蜡或鲸蜡醇。所述悬浮液也可含有一种或多种防腐剂,例如乙基或正丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯;一种或多种着色剂;一种或多种矫味剂;和一种或多种甜味剂例如蔗糖或糖精。
糖浆剂和酏剂可用甜味剂例如甘油、丙二醇、山梨醇或蔗糖来配制。这样的制剂也可含有缓和剂、防腐剂、矫味剂和着色剂。
本发明化合物也可非肠道给药,即作为在生理上可接受的稀释剂与可为无菌液体或液体混合物的药用载体中的注射剂量的化合物进行皮下、静脉、肌内或腹膜内给药,这些药用载体包括:例如水、盐水、葡萄糖水溶液和有关的糖溶液和醇类如乙醇、异丙醇或十六醇、甘油如丙二醇或聚乙二醇、甘油缩酮如2,2-二甲基-1,1二氧戊环-4-甲醇、醚类如聚(乙二醇)400、油、脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯或甘油酯、或加有或不加有药学上可接受的表面活性剂如肥皂或洗涤剂的乙酰化脂肪酸甘油酯、悬浮剂例如果胶、卡波姆、甲基纤维素、羟基丙基甲基纤维素、或者羧甲基纤维素、或者乳化剂和其它药用辅剂。
能用于本发明非肠道制剂的油类的实例为那些石油、动物植物或合成来源的油类,例如花生油、大豆油、芝麻油、棉籽油、玉米油、橄榄油、石油和矿物油。适宜的脂肪酸包括油酸、硬脂酸和异硬脂酸。适宜的脂肪酸酯例如为油酸乙酯和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯。适宜的肥皂包括脂肪碱金属、铵和三乙醇胺盐和适宜的洗涤剂包括阳离子洗涤剂,例如二甲基二烷基卤化铵、烷基吡啶鎓卤化物和烷基氨基乙酸酯;阴离子洗涤剂例如烷基、芳基和烯烃磺酸酯、烷基、烯烃、醚和硫酸一甘油酯和硫代琥珀酸酯;非离子洗涤剂例如脂肪胺氧化物、脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺和聚氧乙烯聚丙烯共聚物;和两性洗涤剂例如烷基-β-氨基丙酸酯和2-烷基咪唑啉季铵盐以及混合物。
本发明非肠道组合物在溶液中一般含有大约0.5%至大约25%(重量)的活性成分。也可有利地使用防腐剂和缓冲剂。为了减小或消除在注射部位的刺激,这样的组合物可含有具有亲水-亲油平衡值(HLB)为大约12至大约17的非离子表面活性剂。在这样的制剂中,表面活性剂的量在大约5%至大约15%(重量)的范围内。所述表面活性剂可以是具有以上HLB的单一成分或者能够为两种或多种具有所要求的HLB的成分的混合物。
用于非肠道制剂的表面活性剂的实例为一类聚乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯,例如脱水山梨醇单油酸酯和高分子量的具有疏水性碱的环氧乙烷加成物,其通过氧化丙烯和丙二醇缩合来形成。
所述药用组合物可以无菌的可注射悬浮水溶液形式存在。按照已知的方法,这样的悬浮液可使用适宜的分散剂或湿润剂、悬浮剂例如羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基-纤维素、藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、西黄蓍胶和阿拉伯胶;可为天然来源的磷酯类例如卵磷脂的分散剂或湿润剂,亚烷基氧化物与脂肪酸如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯的缩合产物、环氧乙烷与长链脂肪醇如十七碳乙烯氧基十六碳醇的缩合产物、环氧乙烷与衍生于脂肪酸和己糖醇的部分酯类如聚氧乙烯山梨醇单油酸酯的缩合产物或环氧乙烷与衍生于脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的部分酯类如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯的缩合产物来配制。
无菌注射制剂也可为在非毒性的非肠道可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌注射溶液剂或悬浮剂。所使用的稀释剂或溶剂为例如水、Ringer’s溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。另外,无菌固定油类常规用作溶剂或悬浮基质。对这个目的,可使用任何温和的、固定的油,包括合成的单或二甘油酯。此外,脂肪酸如油酸能够用于注射制剂。
本发明组合物也可以栓剂形式用于药物直肠给药。这些组合物可以通过使药物与适宜的非刺激性赋形剂混合来制备,这样的赋形剂在常温下为固体但是在直肠温度下为液体并且由此在直肠中熔融以释放药物。这样的材料为例如可可豆脂和聚乙二醇。
用于本发明方法的另一种制剂使用透皮传递装置(“贴剂”)。这样的透皮贴剂可用于提供本发明化合物以控制的量持续或不持续的输入。用于传递药物的透皮贴剂的构造和用途为本领域所熟知的(参见,例如1991年6月11日授权的US专利第5,023,252号,其通过引用结合到本文中)。这样的贴剂可被构造为持续的、脉动的或按照药物的传递要求进行构造。
借助机械传递装置将所述药用组合物导入患者是所要求的或者是必要的。用于传递药物的机械传递装置的构造和用途为本领域所熟知的。例如,用于把药物直接传递给大脑的技术通常包括把药物传递导管放置进入到患者的脑室系统以穿过血脑屏障。在1991年4月30日授权的US专利第5,011,472号中描述一个这样的可植入传递系统以用于传输药物到人体特殊的解剖区域。
本发明组合物也能含有其它的常规药学上可接受的化合物成分,一般意指为载体或稀释剂,如果必要或要求的话。通过加入抗氧化剂如抗坏血酸或通过其它适宜的防腐剂,可保护本发明的任何组合物。以适当的剂型制备这样的组合物的常规方法可以被使用。
本发明化合能够作为单独的药物或者以与一种或多种其它的药物联合给药,这种联合用药应不引起不可接受的副作用。例如,本发明化合物能够与已知的抗肥胖症或其它适应症的药物等以及它们的混合物联合用药。
式Ⅰ化合物也可以游离碱形式或以组合物形式用于研究和诊断或作为分析对照标准等。因此,本发明包括含有惰性载体和有效量的式Ⅰ化合物或它们的盐或酯的组合物。惰性载体为不与所载荷的化合物相互作用的任何材料,并且为所载荷的化合物提供支持、传输工具,可为柔软大体积物质、可痕量材料等。化合物的有效量为其在所述实施的特殊过程中产生结果或发挥影响的量。
以下特殊实施例阐明在此描述的本发明,但是它们不以任何方式构成对本发明范围的限制。
通过有机化学常规方法制备用于本发明治疗方法的新化合物。除非另外指出,试剂和溶剂由商业供应得到,并无须进一步纯化即可使用。
以开放毛细管记录熔点并且未校正。
使用General Electric GEOMEGA 300光谱仪在300 MHz测定1HNMR谱。以相对于作为内标物的四甲基硅烷的每百万(δ)的份数值记录化学位移。使用以下缩写记录自旋多样性:单峰(s)、双峰(d)、三重峰(t)、四重峰(q)、多重峰(m)和宽峰(br)。以赫兹表示偶合常数。
使用Kratos Concept 1光谱仪记录快速原子轰击(FAB)质谱;使用Hewlett-Packard MS Engine(HP5989A)光谱仪记录电子冲击(EI)和化学电离(CI)质谱;使用FinninganMAT LCQ光谱仪记录液相层析法-质谱(LC-MS);除非另外指明,使用所述FAB方法得到质谱
使用以下溶剂系统在硅胶板上实施TLC:(A)50∶50己烷/乙酸乙酯;(B)33∶67已烷/乙酸乙酯;(C)乙酸乙酯;(D)45∶45∶10己烷/乙酸乙酯/甲醇;(E)四氢呋喃(THF)。
实施例15-乙酰基-2-氯吡啶
将三乙胺(19mL,0.14mol)和丙二酸二甲酯(7.8mL,59mmol)加入到含有在无水甲苯(46mL)中的氯化镁(3.8g,40mmol)的圆底烧瓶中。在25℃下将该混合物搅拌1小时。把6-氯烟碱基(chlouonicotinyl)氯化物(10g,57mmol)在无水甲苯(50mL)中的溶液缓慢加入到所述混合物中。将该反应搅拌1小时,然后将浓HCl(16mL)缓慢加入到该反应中。加入乙醚(300mL)并以水(2×100mL)洗涤该有机层。干燥该有机层(MgSO4),过滤,并浓缩得到油。将该产物在已烷(200mL)中搅拌,最后形成灰白色粉末(12.7g)。以DMSO(31mL)和水(1mL)处理所述粉末。将该反应物搅拌并加热至165℃2小时。把该反应物冷却至室温,以乙醚(250mL)稀释并用水(4×200mL)洗涤。干燥该有机层(MgSO4),过滤,并浓缩得到白色的油。把该产物通过硅胶垫板(5%乙醚/己烷),得到白色固体(6.0g,68%)。Rf=0.2(CH2Cl2);mp100-102℃;1H NMR(300HMz,CDCl3)δ8.94(s,1H),8.20(dd,J=6.9Hz,1H),7.44(d,J=8 Hz,lH),2.63(s,3H);MS(EI)m/z155(M+)。
以叠氮钠(0.42g,6.4mmol)小心处理5-乙酰基-2-氯吡啶(500mg,3.2mmol)在乙醇(8mL)和水(3mL)中的溶液。在室温下滴加浓HCl(0.4mL)。使该反应物回流16小时并然后冷却至室温。滴加饱和的NaHCO3直到所述pH=7。加入二氯甲烷(100mL)并以水(2×100mL)洗涤该反应物。干燥有机层(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩,得到白色固体(390mg,75%)。Rf=0.1(CH2Cl2);mp 156-158℃;1H NMR(300HMz,CDCl3)δ9.44(s,1H),8.23(dd,J=8,10Hz,1H),8.09(dd,J=9,10Hz,1H),2.75(s,3H);MS(EI)m/z162(M+)。
在0℃下,以在乙酸中的30%HBr(14.7mL,247mmol)处理在乙酸(160mL)中的6-乙酰基四唑并[1,5-a]吡啶(10g,62mmol)。缓慢加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(11g,62mmol)并把该反应物搅拌30分钟。缓慢加入另一份4当量的在乙酸中的30%HBr(14.7mL,247mmol),并将该反应物温热至室温。3小时后,以乙酸乙酯(500mL)稀释该反应物并用水(3×300mL)洗涤。干燥有机层(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩得到油。把己烷(75mL)和二氯甲烷(10mL)加入到油中并再次浓缩,得到黄色固体(12.8g,86%)。Rf=0.2(CH2Cl2);mp 108-110℃;1H NMR(300 HMz,CDCl3)δ10.2(s,1H),8.29(dd,J=9,10 Hz,1H),8.18(dd,J=8,10 Hz,1H),5.06(s,2H);MS(cz)m/z241(MH+)。
把6-溴乙酰基四唑并[1,5-a]吡啶(55g,0.23mol)加入到乙醇(400mL)中,并在0℃下用硼氢化钠(17g,0.46mol)缓慢处理。将该反应温热至室温反应1小时。向所述反应加入乙酸乙酯(400mL)和1NNaOH(400mL)。分离有机层,以水洗涤,干燥有机层(MgSO4),过滤并浓缩得到油状残余物。快速层析法(在己烷中10%乙腈洗脱)得到灰白色固体(17g,46%)。使用Diacel Chiralpak AS柱(100%甲醇,1.0mL/min)分离所述外消旋物,得到99%ee.的(R)-2-(四唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)环氧乙烷(7g)。Rf=0.16(CH2Cl2);mp 106-8℃;1H NMR(300HMz,CDCl3)δ9.38(s,1H),8.17(d,J=9,Hz,1H),8.17(dd,J=8,10Hz,1H),4.16(m,1H),3.22(m,1H),3.09(m,1H);MS(EI)m/z162(M+);[α]22=+6.0。
实施例53-(2-氯乙酰基)吡啶盐酸盐
在快速搅拌下,向3-乙酰基吡啶(100g,0.83摩尔)在乙醚(1L)中的溶液加入在乙醚(950mL)中1N的氯化氢。过滤沉淀的固体,乙醚洗涤并干燥。把所述盐酸盐(129g,0.83mol)加入到配置有机械搅拌器的5L反应器中,并以在乙酸(830mL)中的1N的HCl溶解。将所述混合物搅拌直到得到透明的溶液,然后加入N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(110g,0.83摩尔),生成黄色混合物。在室温下,将所述混合物搅拌18小时,逐渐生成无色的悬浮液。过滤收集固体并以乙醚洗涤;用N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(80g,0.6摩尔)处理该滤液过夜并收集另外的产物,得到白色固体(152g,95%)。1H-NMR(300HMz,DMSO-d6)δ10.3(brs,1H),9.27(s,1H),8.96(d,1H,J=5.1Hz),8.62(d,1H,J=9.9Hz),7.89(m,1H),5.30(s,2H);MS(EI)m/z155(M+)。
在1小时内用硼氢化钠(74g,1.95摩尔)小心处理搅拌着的冷却(-10℃)3-(2-氯乙酰基)吡啶盐酸盐(250g,1.6摩尔)在甲醇(1.5L)中的悬浮液。把生成的黄色悬浮液再搅拌另外40分钟并加入水(500mL)骤冷。然后真空浓缩该混合物以除去甲醇,以水稀释并用乙酸中和。以乙酸乙酯提取两相混合物,干燥(Na2SO4),过滤并真空浓缩。通过硅胶层析法(乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化所述粗品外消旋混合物,得到146.5g黄色的油,其然后通过手性层析法拆分,得到75g(含有残余溶剂)的作为暗橙色油的纯的对映体。1H-NMR(300HMz,CDCl3)δ 8.58(s,1H),8.53(d,1H,J=4.8Hz),7.78(d,1H,J=7.9Hz),7.32(m,1H),4.96(m,1H),3.71(m,1H);MS(CI)m/z158(MH+)。
向(R)-氯甲基-3-吡啶甲醇(74g,0.47摩尔)在丙酮(2L)中的溶液加入碳酸钾(300g,2.2摩尔)。把该搅拌着混合物加热回流18小时并然后冷却至室温。过滤该暗红色的悬浮液并真空浓缩滤液至干。快速层析法(硅胶,0-5%甲醇/二氯甲烷)得到橙色的油(26g,46%)。1H-NMR(300HMz,CDCl3)δ8.56(m,2H),7.53(d,1H,J=7.7Hz),7.28(m,1H),3.88(m,1H),3.18(t,1H,J=4.8Hz),2.81(m,1H);MS(EI)m/z121(M+)。
在20分钟内,将草酸二乙酯(110mL,810mmol)和2’-羟基苯乙酮(44mL,365mmol)的混合物加入到乙醇钠(76g,1.11mol)在乙醇(600mL)中的溶液中。把该混合物加热至80℃1小时,然后冷却至室温。加入水(500mL)和乙醚(600mL),并以浓HCl使该混合物酸化至pH=2。分离有机相并以乙醚(2X)进一步提取水相。以饱和氯化钠水溶液(2X)洗涤合并的有机相,干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩,得到油状棕色固体。
将该固体与冰乙酸(440 mL)和浓HCl(110 mL)混合,并加热至85℃过夜。将所述混合物冷却至室温,以水(550 mL)稀释并过滤。固体以水(2×125 mL)洗涤并在真空釜中干燥,得到紫色固体(58g,83%)。Mp 260-261℃;1H NMR(300HMz,DMSO-d6)δ 8.03(m,1H),7.85(m,1H),7.71(m,1H),7.51(m,1H),6.89(s,1H)。
在帕尔氢化装置中,把在乙酸(200mL)中的来自实施例8的化合物(20.0g,105mmol)和10%活性炭(2g)上的钯放置于氢气压力(60psig)下。22.5小时后,从氢气氛中移去该混合物,并通过硅藻土垫过滤。以乙酸乙酯(800mL)洗涤所述硅藻土垫,并且浓缩合并的滤液得到棕色的油。把该油溶于乙酸乙酯(500mL)中,并以饱和NaHCO3(4×125mL)提取,该水相以浓HCl酸化至pH=2并用乙酸乙酯(4×100mL)提取。用饱和氯化钠水溶液(100mL)洗涤合并的有机相,干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩,得到无色固体(18.0g,96%)。Mp 97.5-99℃;1H NMR(300 HMz,DMSO-d6)δ12.96(br s,1H),7.03(m,2H),6.78(m,2H),4.74(dd,J=6.4Hz,J=3.9Hz,1H),2.73(m,1H),2.63(m,1H),2.03(m,2H)。
实施例10(±)-6-甲酰基-苯并二氢吡喃-2-羧酸
把来自实施例9的化合物(11.5g,64.5mmol)在二氯甲烷(60mL)中的溶液加入到冷却的(-10℃)氯化铝(21.5 g,161mmol)在二氯甲烷(30mL)的混合物中。在-30℃下,将该混合物冷却20分钟并在1小时内滴加入二氯甲基甲醚(11.7mL,129mmol),另一个45分钟后,把所述混合物倾入到冰(325mL)和浓HCl(5mL)的混合物中。过滤该混合物并且除去滤液。将所收集的固体溶于四氢呋喃中。干燥(MgSO4)所述四氢呋喃溶液并浓缩得到固体。以二氯甲烷(3×25mL)洗涤所述固体并在室温下真空干燥,得到淡红色固体(4.34g,33%)。1H NMR(300HMz,DMSO-d6)δ13.17(br s,1H),9.81(s,1H),7.64(m,2H),6.99(d,J=9.2 Hz,1H),4.94(t,J=5.0 Hz,1H),2.87(m,1H),2.68(m,1H),2.14(m,2H);MS(FAB)m/z207(MH+)。
实施例11(±)-6-甲酰基-苯并二氢吡喃-2-甲酰胺
把草酰氯(1.36 mL,15.6 mmol)滴加入到冷却(0℃)的来自实施例10的化合物(2.15g,10.4mmol)和二甲基甲酰胺(1滴)在四氢呋喃(40mL)中的溶液中。将所述混合物温热至室温2小时,然后真空浓缩至20 mL的体积。将该溶液冷却至-78℃,并将氨缩合到所述混合物上2分钟。将所述混合物温热至室温3小时,以水(70mL)稀释,并以氯仿(3×70mL)提取。干燥该合并的有机相(MgSO4),浓缩,得到白色固体(1.79g,84%)。1H NMR(300 HMz,CDCl3)δ9.86(s,1H),7.66(m,2H),7.00(d,J=8.5 Hz,1H),6.5(br s,1H),5.7(br s,1H),4.62(dd,J=9.4 Hz,J=3.1Hz,1H),2.89(m,2H),2.46(m,1H),2.11(m,1H);MS(EI)m/z205(M+);Rf=0.2(A)。
实施例12(±)-6-甲酰基-苯并二氢吡喃-2-甲腈
把三氟乙酸酐(1.14mL,8.05mmol)滴加入到冷却(0℃)的来自实施例11的化合物(1.50g,7.32mmol)和三乙胺(2.24 mL,16.1 mmol)在四氢呋喃(10mL)中的溶液中。将所述混合物温热至室温。40分钟后,以氯仿稀释所述混合物并以水、稀的盐酸水溶液、水和饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩,得到油(1.30 g,95%)1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.86(s,1H),7.72(m,2H),7.07(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.65(t,J=4.6Hz,1H),2.94(t,J=6.4 Hz,2H),2.28(m,2H);MS(CI)m/z188(MH+);Rf=0.8(B)。
将在pH=3.5的缓冲液(7mL×1.3M)中的亚氯酸钠(1.18g,10.5mmol,技术级)的溶液加入到来自实施例12的化合物(1.30g,6.97mmol)和2-甲基-2-丁烯(7mL)在2-甲基-2-丙醇(30mL)中的溶液中。搅拌过夜后,以氢氧化钠水溶液调节该混合物至pH=10,并真空除去有机物。以己烷提取该水相,以HCl水溶液调节pH=3,并先后以氯仿和乙酸乙酯提取。干燥有机相(MgSO4)并浓缩,得到白色固体(1.21g,85%)。1H NMR(300HMz,DMSO-d6)δ12.7(brs,1H),7.77(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.71(dd,J=8.5 Hz,J=2.2 Hz,1H),6.95(d,J=8.5 Hz,1H),5.61(t,J=4.4 Hz,1H),2.90 (t,J=6.4 Hz,2H),2.25(m,2H);MS(EI)m/z203(M+);Rf=0.2(C)。
把1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]辛-7-烯(435ml,2.91mmol)加入到来自实施例13的化合物(591mg,2.91mmol)在四氢呋喃(10mL)中的溶液中。10分钟后,加入乙基碘(466ml,5.82mmol)。搅拌过夜后,以水(25mL)稀释所述混合物并以乙醚(3×25mL)提取。以饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤该有机相,干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩。硅胶层析法(67∶33己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱)得到无色的油(523mg,78%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.78(d,J=1.8 Hz,1H),7.73(dd,J=8.5 Hz,J=2.2 Hz,1H),6.98(d,J=8.5 Hz,1H),5.62(t,J=4.6 Hz,1H),4.27(q,J=7.1 Hz,2H),2.91(t,J=6.4 Hz,2H),2.25(m,2H),1.29(t,J=7,2 Hz,3H);MS(EI)m/z231(M+);Rf=0.7(A)。
实施例15(±)-(E)-3-(2-氰基-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)-丙-2-烯酸乙酯
把来自实施例12的化合物(807 mg,4.32mmol)和(碳乙氧基亚甲基)三苯基正膦(2.25g,6.47mmol)在四氢呋喃(25mL)中的混合物加热回流72小时。以乙酸乙酯稀释所述混合物,以饱和氯化铵水溶液、饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),浓缩。硅胶层析法(50∶50已烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱)得至白色固体(953mg,86%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.54(m,3H),6.90(d,J=8.5 Hz,1H),6.49(d,J=16.2 Hz,1H),5.58(t,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.16(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.85(m,2H),2.23(m,2H),1.24(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。MS(CI)m/z258(MH+);Rf=0.7(A)。
在帕尔氢化装置中,把来自实施例14的化合物(570mg,2.47mmol)、浓HCl(2mL)和10%活性炭(300mg)上的钯在乙醇(120mL)中的混合物放置于氢气压力(45 psig)下。18.5小时后,从氢气氛中移去该混合物,并通过硅藻土垫过滤。以乙醇(400mL)洗涤所述硅藻土垫,并且浓缩合并的滤液,得到固体(670 mg,100%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.2(brs,2H),7.70(m,2H),6.89(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),4.35(m,1H),4.25(q,J=7.1 Hz,2H),3.18(m,1H),3.08(m,1H),2.84(m,2H),2.08(m,1H),1.71(m,lH),1.28(t,J=7.0Hz,3H);MS(EI)m/z235(M+)。以类似于实施例16的方法制备实施例17和18。
实施例 | 名称 | MS |
17 | (±)-3-(2-氨基甲基-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)-丙酸乙酯盐酸盐 | 264(MH+) |
18 | (±)-2-氨基甲基-苯并二氢吡喃-6-羟酸盐酸盐 | (CI)207(MH+) |
实施例19(±)-2-氨基甲基-苯并二氢吡喃-6-羧酸苄基酯盐酸盐
将来自实施例18的化合物(880mg,3.6lmmol)和硫酸(0.75mL)在苄基醇(35mL)中的溶液加热至100℃过夜。以乙醚稀释该混合物,产生白色固体。过滤收集固体,将其溶解在乙酸乙酯(80mL)中,并以饱和NaHCO3(10mL)洗涤,真空浓缩有机相。把残余物溶于乙酸乙酯(5mL)中并加入在乙醚中的氯化氢溶液,生成沉淀。过滤收集沉淀,得到白色固体(99mg,8%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.30(brs,3H),7.76(m,2H),7.38(m,4H),6.90(d,J=8.8 Hz,1H),5.30(s,2H),4.35(m,1H),3.18(m,1H),3.07(m,1H),2.83(m,2H),2.08(m,1H),1.71(m,1H);MS(FAB)m/z298(MH+);Rf(游离碱)=0.3(C)。
实施例202-{[(2R)-2-(3-氯-苯基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-甲酸乙酯
将来自实施例16的化合物(50mg,185mmol)、(R)-(+)-3-氯苯乙烯氧化物(26mg,166mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(32mL,185mmol)和氯化锂在乙醇(5mL)中的溶液加热回流60小时。把所述反应混合物冷却至室温,过滤,并真空浓缩。硅胶层析法(以67∶33己烷/乙酸乙酯至50∶50己烷/乙酸乙酯至45∶45∶10己烷/乙酸乙酯/甲醇梯度洗脱)得到无色的油(23mg,32%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.69(m,2H),7.32(m,4H),6.82(d,J=8.5 Hz,1H),5.47(m,1H),4.65(m,1H),4.24(q,J=7.1 Hz,2H),4.16(m,1H),2.9-2.6(m,5H),2.01(m,1H),1.67(m,1H),1.28(t,J=7.0 Hz,3H);MS(FAB)m/z390(MH+);Rf=0.3(D)。以类似于实施例20的方法制备实施例21和22。
实施例 | 名称 | MS | TLC Rf |
21 | 3-((2R)-2-{[2-(3-氯-苯基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)-丙酸乙酯 | 418(MH+) | 0.4(D) |
22 | (2R)-2-{[2-羟基-2-吡啶-3-基-乙基氨基]-甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-羧酸基苄基酯 | 419(MH+) | 0.2(E) |
把在乙醚中的氯化氢(10mL×1.0M)加入到来自实施例20的化合物在乙酸乙酯(5mL)中的溶液。过滤收集沉淀并真空干燥,得到白色固体(51mg)。Mp 234-235℃;1H NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.1(br m,2H),7.74(m,2H),7.41(m,4H),6.91(d,J=8.1 Hz,1H),6.35(brs,1H),5.06(m,1H),4.54(m,1H),4.26(q,J=7.1 Hz,2H),3.35(m,4H),3.12(m,1H),2.85(m,2H),2.10(m,1H),1.73(m,1H),1.29(t,J=7.0 Hz,3H);MS(FAB)m/z390(MH+)。
以类似于实施例23的方法制备标题化合物。mp 189-190℃。MS(FAB)m/z418(MH+)。
将来自实施例20的产物(110mg,263mmol)和氢氧化钠(180mg,4.5mmol)在甲醇(10mL)中的溶液加热回流过夜。通过以水共沸蒸馏除去甲醇。HPLC(C18反相硅胶)得到白色固体(15mg,11%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.32(m,4H),6.83(m,2H),6.55(m,1H),5.52(m,1H),4.66(m,1H),3.98(m,1H),2.8-2.55(m,7H),2.04(m,2H),1.92(m,1H),1.61(m,1H);MS(FAB)m/z390(质子化羧酸酯的MH+)。
将来自实施例16的化合物(217mg,800mmol)、(R)-吡啶-3-基环氧乙烷(88mg,730mmol、三乙胺(125mL)和锂在88∶12乙醇/水(17mL)中的混合物加热回流五天。真空浓缩所述混合物。把残余物溶于四氢呋喃(5mL)中并冷却至0C。加入二碳酸二叔丁基酯(276mL,1.20mol)在四氢呋喃(1mL)中的溶液并撤除冷却浴。2小时后加入甲醇。硅胶层析法(以67∶33己烷/乙酸乙酯至乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱)得到无色的油(58mg,16%)。Rf=0.2(C)。
以类似于实施例26的方法制备标题化合物。MS(FAB)m/z485(MH+)。Rf=0.4(D)。
实施例286-碘苯并二氢吡喃-2-羧酸
将来自实施例20的化合物(5.00g,28.1mmol)和氯化锌(约5g)的混合物放入圆底烧瓶中。缓慢加入冰乙酸(150mL)随后加入苄基三甲基二氯碘酸铵(9.65g,28.1mmol)。在室温下,把生成的橙色混合物搅拌18小时并然后倾入到水(300mL)中。以二氯甲烷(3X)提取该生成的混合物。干燥合并的有机相(MgSO4)并浓缩,得到油状残余物。使该残余物与水(150mL)混合,生成白色悬浮液。过滤收集悬浮的固体,以水(2X)洗涤并干燥,得到白色固体(7.14g,84%)。1H NMR(300MHz,丙酮-d6)δ11.33(s,1H),7.39(m,2H),6.65(m,1H),4.83(m,1H),2.78(m,2H),2.18(m,2H)。MS(EI)m/z304(M+)。
在配备有回流冷凝器的二颈圆底烧瓶中,加入来自实施例28的化合物(1.05g,3.45mmol)和乙酸钯(Ⅱ)(23mg,0.10mmol)。在一氧化碳气氛(1个大气压)下放置该烧瓶。借助注射器加入三乙胺(1.20mL,8.63mmol)和无水乙醇(2.0mL)。把该深颜色的反应混合物加热至60℃并搅拌60小时。将所述反应混合物冷却至室温并以乙酸乙酯(100mL)稀释。以7%盐酸水溶液、水和饱和氯化钠水溶液连续洗涤生成的深颜色的溶液。干燥该有机层(MgSO4),并浓缩为橙色的油,其静置结晶为浅色固体(0.675 g,81%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.03(s,1H),7.68(m,2H),6.90(m,1H),4.89(m,1H),4.25(q,J=7.36Hz,2H),2.82(m,1H),2.66(m,1H),1.28(t,J=6.98 Hz,3H);MS(CI)m/z251(MH+)。
于氩气氛下,在圆底烧瓶中将来自实施例29的化合物(0.600g,2.40mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1滴)的混合物在四氢呋喃(15mL)中搅拌。在室温下搅拌该透明的溶液,并借助注射器加入草酰氯(0.314ml,3.60mmol)。把所述混合物搅拌2小时,然后浓缩至原来体积的大约50%的体积。使生成的溶液冷却至0℃。借助注射器加入氨在1,4-二氧六环(10mL,5.0mmol)中的0.5M溶液,并在0℃下搅拌所述生成的混合物1小时。然后把该反应混合物倾入到冰水(40mL)中,以氯仿(3X)提取生成的悬浮液。以饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤合并的有机层,干燥(MgSO4),并浓缩为橙色的固体。于氩气氛下,将所述橙色固体溶于四氢呋喃(5mL)和三乙胺(0.735mL,5.28mmol)中,并冷却至0℃。借助注射器滴加三氟乙酸酐(0.373mL,2.64mmol),生成紫色的溶液。加入完全后,将所述反应物倾入到酸性的水中,并以乙酸乙酯(2X)提取生成的混合物,以饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤合并的有机层,干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩,得到紫色的油。硅胶层析法(以50∶50己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱)得到橙色的油(0.232g,42%)。分析数据与实施例14相同。
于氩气氛下,把乙酸钯(Ⅱ)(0.15g,0.66mmol)和来自实施例28的化合物(2.00g,6.58mmol)放入到圆底烧瓶中。向该烧瓶加入1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(20mL)、丙烯酸甲酯(0.74mL,8.22mmol)和三乙胺(2.29mL,16.5mmol)。把所述混合物加热至70℃并搅拌400小时。使该反应冷却至室温并倾入到水(70mL)中。以乙酸乙酯(1X)提取所述混合物。加入0.1N的HCl水溶液使所述水层酸化,生成混浊的混合物。以乙酸乙酯(3X)提取所述混合物。干燥(MgSO4)来自第二次提取的合并的有机物并浓缩,得到褐色固体(1.75g,100%)。1H NMR(300MHz,丙酮-d6)δ11.28(s,1H),7.57(d,J=16.18 Hz,1H),7.43(m,1H),7.40(m,1H),6.86(m,1H),6.37(d,J=16.18 Hz,1H),4.88(m,1H),3.70(s,3H),2.85(m,2H),2.24(m,2H);MS(ES)m/z263(MH+)。
实施例326-[2-(乙氧基羰基)乙基]苯并二氢吡喃-2-甲酸
在圆底烧瓶中,于氩气氛下把来自实施例31的化合物(0.455g,1.74mmol)在无水乙醇(10mL)中搅拌。加入氯化亚铜(Ⅰ)(0.26g,2.6mmol)并把该混合物冷却至0℃。在40分钟内,分成四份加入硼氢化钠(0.457g,17.4mmol)。每次加入观察到气体逸出。将生成的黑色混合物搅拌15分钟并倾入到100mL水中。通过加入0.1N的HCl水溶液使所述混合物水溶液酸化,并以乙酸乙酯(3X)提取。干燥合并的有机层(MgSO4),经C盐过滤并浓缩,得到白色固体(0.412g,90%)。1H NMR(300 MHz,丙酮-d6)δ11.18(s,1H),6.90(m,2H),6.72(m,1H),4.74(m,1H),3.57(s,3H),2.77(m,4H),2.55(m,2H),2.17(m,2H)。
实施例33胶囊剂由以下制备2-{[(2R)-2-(3-氯-苯基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]-甲 40mg基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-羧酸乙酯淀粉 109mg硬脂酸镁 1mg将所述成分混和,通过适宜的网状筛并填充到硬明胶胶囊中。
实施例34片剂由以下制备(2-{[2-(6-氨基-吡啶-3-基)-2-羟基-乙基氨基]- 25mg甲基}-苯并二氢吡喃-6-基)-乙酸微晶纤维素 200mg胶态二氧化硅 10mg硬脂酸 5.0mg
将这些成分混合并压制成片剂。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然如在前文列出的对于本发明能够实施变化和改进而不脱离本发明的精神。
Claims (14)
1.下式化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和酯:其中:R为氢、羟基、氧代、卤素、C1-C10卤烷基、C1-C10烷基、氰基、硝基、NR1R1、SR1、OR1、SO2R2、OCOR2、NR1COR2、COR2、NR1SO2R2、NR1CO2R1、C1-C10烷基、苯基、吡咯,或者具有1至4个选自O、S和N的杂原子的5或6元杂环,每个部分任选由羟基、卤素、氰基、NR1R1、SR1、三氟甲基、OR1、C3-C8环烷基、苯基、NR1COR2、COR2、SO2R2、OCOR2、NR1SO2R2、NR1CO2R1、C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基和OR取代,并且每个环部分任选稠合于具有1至4个选自O、S和N的杂原子的5元杂环,所述稠合的杂环任选稠合于苯环上或者任选由氧取代;R1为氢、任选由1至4个选自羟基、卤素、CO2H、CO2C1-C10烷基、SO2C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基的取代基取代的C1-C10烷基;或者每个任选由1至4个选自卤素、硝基、氧代、C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基、C1-C10烷硫基的取代基取代的C3-C8环烷基、苯基或萘基;R2为R1或NR1R1;R3为氢、C1-C10烷基、CO2R1或Ar1为苯基,或者为具有1至4个选自O、S和N的杂原子的5或6元杂环,每个部分任选稠合于含有1至4个选自O、S和N的杂原子的5元杂环,所述稠合的杂环任选稠合到苯环上或者由氧取代;m为1、2或3;n在每一情况中独立为0、1或2;X为任选由卤素取代的C1-C4烷基;R4为羟基、C1-C10烷氧基、O-R1或NR1R1。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中Ar1为任选取代的苯基、吡啶基、吡啶基、嘧啶基或吡咯基。
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中R3为氢和m为1。
4.权利要求3的化合物,其中(X)n-(CO)nR4连接在所述苯并二氢吡喃的6位,在(X)n的第一个情况下n为零,和(CO)2R4为(CO)2R1。
5.权利要求1的化合物,其中式Ⅰ化合物的-OH基团以所述R构型存在。
6.用于制备下式的式Ⅰ化合物的化合物其中:R3为氢、C1-C10烷基、CO2R1或m为1、2或3;n在每一情况下独立为0、1或2;和R4为羟基、O-R1、C1-C10烷氧基或NR1R1。
7.权利要求6的化合物,其中(X)n-(CO)nR4连接在所述苯并二氢吡喃的6位,在(X)n的第一个情况下n为零,和(CO)2R4为(CO)2R1。
8.通过对有此需要的患者给予药学上有效量的权利要求1的化合物以产生β-3肾上腺素能受体激动剂作用的方法。
9.包含与药学上可接受的载体混合的有效量的权利要求1的化合物的药用组合物。
10.包含与惰性载体混合的有效量的权利要求1的化合物的组合物。
11.治疗哺乳动物的肥胖症的方法,该方法包括给予有此需要的患者药学上有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
12.治疗哺乳动物的肥胖症的方法,该方法包括给予有此需要的患者药学上有效量的权利要求9的化合物或其盐或者酯。
13.治疗哺乳动物的糖尿病的方法,该方法包括给予有此需要的患者药学上有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
14.治疗哺乳动物的糖尿病的方法,该方法包括给予有此需要的患者药学上有效量的权利要求9的化合物或其盐或者酯。
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