CN1284533C - 具有高直链淀粉含量的乙酰化预凝胶化淀粉的用途 - Google Patents
具有高直链淀粉含量的乙酰化预凝胶化淀粉的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
通过包括乙酰化和预凝胶化的方法获得的,具有高直链淀粉含量的淀粉,可在人和动物用食品、药物、化妆品和饮食领域中提供有用的涂层,及也在农业中提供有用的涂层。
Description
发明领域
通过预凝胶化方法获得的,具有高直链淀粉含量的化学改性淀粉,允许获得被赋予合适机械耐性的膜,该膜用于固体配制剂胶囊和涂层的生产,固体配制剂用于药物、化妆品、食品和饮食领域,和也用于农业。
现有技术
根据原物种类,例如玉米、稻米、马铃薯和木薯,和根据支链淀粉和直链淀粉的百分比,有几种不同类型的淀粉。具有高直链淀粉含量的淀粉(以下HAS)显示具有它们总重量至少50%的该物质。它们可来自特定的植物杂种或它们通过向具有低该组分含量的淀粉中加入直链淀粉而制备。直链淀粉有益于稠度性能、热稳定性、耐水性和粘合性,使得如果与其它淀粉相比具有高直链淀粉含量的淀粉(以下HAS)显示毫无疑问的优点。HAS的例子是以商标EurylonTM、AmylonTM、ExylonTM、和NabondTM市购的那些。
HAS以其自身使用或通过各种物理或化学方法而改性。一种物理方法是预凝胶化,其中在水存在下淀粉承受热处理,因此损失它的粒状形式和变成在低温下水溶性的。在化学方法中,我们可引用酯化和醚化,例如乙酰化。
HAS用于几种领域如食品和药物工业。至于它在食品领域中的用途,我们可以提及例如US3,751,268(属于American Maize-ProductsCompany),该文献公开了使用非改性非凝胶化HAS用于涂敷要在深油中油炸的食品。相似地,US4,487,786(属于Lamb-Weston Inc.)要求通过包括HAS,小麦面粉和可食用酸的混合物涂敷冷冻食品的方法。
在药物领域中,它们用于几个目的。例如专利申请EP 0 964 000(属于Roquette Freres)公开了稀释和崩解组合物,组合物包含HAS,优选包括在预凝胶化淀粉基体中的EurylonTM,它可用于生产固体形式物如粉末或片剂。
US5,554,385(申请人为R.P.Scherer Corporation)涉及软明胶胶囊,其中确定比例的明胶由HAS代替。这些胶囊显示更低的彼此粘附的倾向,它们更具耐性和具有更好的外观。
US4,026,986(申请人为The Dow Chemical Company)另一方面涉及可整个由羟烷基化HAS构成的胶囊。这些胶囊显示如下优点:更为均匀,对水及制造工艺期间的高温更为稳定,和更为便宜。
GB810,306(申请人为The Upjohn Company)尤其要求直链淀粉二酯,优选乙酸酯邻苯二甲酸酯直链淀粉,它可用作耐胃液药物制剂的涂层。然而此类涂层显示由于完成产物中邻苯二甲酸可能残渣的永久性的缺点,该残渣应当完全通过相当复杂的方法除去,该方法由如下操作组成:在室温下在去离子水中的4次再悬浮,随后采用沸水的处理。
US4,738,724(申请人为Warner-Lambert Company)要求由淀粉/水混合物组成的药物用途的胶囊。这些胶囊的制造方法非常复杂和不被认为是工业方便的。
US5,281,276(属于National Starch and Chemical InvestmentHolding Corp.)描述了获得耐淀粉酶,即在肠中水解淀粉的酶的淀粉的方法。此方法提供直链淀粉含量大于40%的淀粉的凝胶化和然后对它采用可“脱支化”淀粉链的酶处理。
用于人体和动物的药物、食品、饮食和化妆品形式的产品的涂层及农业中种子的涂层具有几种功能。在最重要的情况中,药物工业中需要覆盖一些活性成分或组合物令不愉快的味道,保护配制剂免受湿度影响的可能性,例如食品工业和在农业中,在食品和药物工业中,湿度可引起降解现象,在药物和食品工业中有对于耐胃液(gastro-resistance)的需要,使得药物或营养剂完整地达到肠以被吸收。
在食品领域中此问题具有特别的重要性,这是由于立法的原因不可能使用丙烯酸类和甲基丙烯酸类聚合物,如通常用于药物领域的EudragitTM。可用于上述目的和可合法使用的唯一材料是虫胶,然而它显示涉及批次,重量和结构均匀性的问题,和也要求不同于水的用于它的加工和应用的溶剂。
除这些具体的问题以外,对于生物体充分忍受的非毒性材料的需要总是存在于两个方面中。例如一些用户发现难以消化基于明胶的涂层,和此外越来越多的人们要求和优选包含尽可能多天然产物或天然来源产物的药物和/饮食制剂。
发明概述
已经令人惊奇地发现具有高直链淀粉含量的乙酰化预凝胶化淀粉允许生产具有降低成本的固体配制剂用胶囊或涂层,它们在一些情况下是耐湿的和耐光的,耐胃液的,它们覆盖令人不愉快的味道或气味,或在同样情况下通过在含水溶剂中操作,它们缓慢释放。
因此,本发明涉及具有高直链淀粉含量的预凝胶化乙酰化淀粉用于胶囊和涂层生产的用途,该胶囊和涂层用于人和动物用药物、化妆品、食品和饮食领域的固体配制剂,和用于在农业中涂敷种子。
发明描述
本发明的范围是具有高直链淀粉含量的乙酰化预凝胶化淀粉用于胶囊和涂层生产的用途,该胶囊和涂层用于人和动物用药物、化妆品、食品和饮食领域的固体配制剂,和也用于在农业中涂敷种子。
根据本发明的淀粉可以是高直链淀粉的淀粉,它们可以在自然界中从各种来源,如玉米、马铃薯、稻子、小麦、高粱、木薯等找到,或它们可通过向任何市购淀粉中加入直链淀粉而获得。玉米淀粉优选用于本发明的目的。
优选,根据本发明的淀粉天然或人工富含大于50wt%的直链淀粉。更优选,根据本发明的淀粉是天然包含百分比等于或大于50wt%的直链淀粉的淀粉。更优选对于本发明的目的,使用包含大于90wt%直链淀粉的淀粉。
根据本发明的淀粉可以单独使用或与增塑剂和/或润滑剂结合使用。增塑剂可以选自山梨醇、甘油、柠檬酸三乙酯、聚山梨酸酯、巴西棕榈蜡、PEG,优选6000及其混合物。润滑剂可选自聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、单硬脂酸甘油酯、胶体二氧化硅、高岭土、二氧化钛、硬脂酸镁、藻酸盐、滑石及其混合物。优选使用滑石。
优选,根据本发明的淀粉组合物包含一种或多种数量为10-50wt%的增塑剂,相对于淀粉重量,优选10%;一种或多种数量为20-70wt%的润滑剂,相对于淀粉重量,优选50%。
根据本发明的组合物也可包含调节胶囊或涂层在给定时间内或在给定pH值下溶解的试剂,例如赋予耐胃液性的试剂,该试剂选自阿拉伯胶、虫胶、纤维素及其混合物。这些物质的包含量为淀粉重量的10-70wt%。
此外,该组合物可包含其它赋形剂例如染色剂。
从具有高直链淀粉含量,即大于50wt%直链淀粉含量的玉米淀粉获得用于本发明目的的淀粉。首先使用本领域技术人员已知的方法,乙酰化此淀粉,如在如下文献中所述的那样:Starch,Whistler,Bemillerand Pascal eds.,Academic Press,(1984),332页及其后。优选采用乙酸酐进行乙酰化,以获得高于0.5wt%,但低于2.5wt%的乙酰基百分比。然后这样改性的淀粉根据本领域技术人员已知的方法进行预凝胶化/烘焙阶段。特别地,将乙酰化淀粉分散在含水溶液中,然后将含水溶液倾注到在100℃-130℃下加热,在2-3巴压力下操作的旋转鼓上,使得当接触辊表面时,分散体“爆炸”,水随后在30秒-3分钟内蒸发。因此将包含改性淀粉的凝胶层沉积到旋转鼓表面上。将此凝胶,通常具有5-10wt%的湿度百分比,固化和通过刮擦而被除去。
乙酰化预凝胶化HAS例如也可在市场上购得,例如具有商品名乙酰化EurylonTMG。
乙酰化预凝化淀粉用于涂敷片剂、胶囊、粒料和微粒或用于根据已知方法制备硬或软胶囊。例如片剂和胶囊可以通过在托盘中的膜涂层由根据本发明的淀粉涂敷。正相反,通常通过在流化床中的膜涂层,喷雾干燥,喷雾冻凝,超声雾化,旋转造粒或团成球状进行粒料和微粒的涂敷。对于使用本发明淀粉的软和硬胶囊制造,要遵循的方法是在领域中通常已知的那些。参见例如US专利2,299,039(属于RobertP.Scherer)。优选,涂敷程序包括在50-60℃下,将根据本发明的淀粉与可能的赋形剂一起在水中悬浮,固体浓度为10-25wt%和优选20wt%。根据本发明的改性淀粉可提供具有优异耐性的涂层,同时保持可接受的粘度程度,使它的加工可以进行。
根据本发明的淀粉允许获得防潮湿的涂层,能够覆盖味道或气味,在一些情况下甚至耐胃液和/或允许延迟释放的涂层。依赖于要获得的涂层,在覆盖工艺中使用对于单位要涂敷表面不同数量的淀粉。
特别地,为获得耐胃液涂层,需要使用5-15mg/cm2,优选15mg/cm2的淀粉数量,如果组合物包含赋予耐胃液性的上述试剂,该数量可以降低到2-10mg/cm2,优选5mg/cm2的数量。
如果涂层用于对于湿度和光的保护如在农业和食品工业中,用于覆盖令人不愉快的味道或气味或用于缓慢释放,要使用的淀粉数量为2-10mg/cm2,优选5mg/cm2。
现在通过如下实施例进一步详细说明本发明。
实施例1
用于片剂的耐胃液涂层配制剂
如下配制剂可用于采用5mg/cm2淀粉涂敷直径为7.5mm,高度为3.5mm,每个重180mg的8.3kg批量的片剂。
改性淀粉 | 395g |
虫胶 | 197.5g |
碳酸铵 | 197.5g |
滑石 | 197.5g |
二氧化钛 | 66g |
柠檬酸三乙酯 | 19.75g |
山梨醇 | 19.75g |
水 | 3661.25g |
总计 | 4576.5g |
配制剂的固体含量是20%w/w。
这样计算配制剂中淀粉的总数量:
片剂的表面积:
S=π(7.5mm·3.5mm+(7.5mm)2/2)=170.74mm2
用于每个片剂的淀粉数量:
q=(5mg/cm2·170.74·10-2cm2)=8.54mg
在整个批次中的淀粉数量:
Q=8.54mg·8.3·106mg/180mg=393.8·103mg
实施例2
用于软明胶胶囊的耐胃液涂层配制剂
如下配制剂可用于采用15mg/cm2淀粉数量,涂敷长度为13mm,高度为7.5mm,每个重450mg,重8kg批量的软明胶胶囊。
改性淀粉 | 820g |
滑石 | 410g |
甘油 | 82g |
水 | 5248g |
总计 | 6560g |
配制剂的固体含量是20%。
这样计算配制剂中淀粉的总数量:
胶囊的表面积:
S=π(7.5mm·13mm)=306.15mm2
用于每个胶囊的淀粉数量:
q=15mg/cm2·306.15·10-2cm2=46mg
在整个批次中的淀粉数量:
Q=46mg·8·106mg/450mg=818·103mg
耐胃液性测试
根据F.U.X Ed.的指导,评价采用实施例1和2中所述配制剂涂敷的片剂和胶囊的耐胃液性。具体地说,在37℃下,将六个片剂或胶囊引入包含0.1N盐酸(pH=2)的崩解设备中。在2小时之后,没有观察到崩解。然后将片剂或胶囊转移到pH=6.8的缓冲溶液中。在这些条件下,所有片剂或胶囊在小于10分钟中崩解。
实施例3
用于软明胶胶囊或片剂的保护性涂层配制剂
如下配制剂可用于采用5mg/cm2淀粉数量,涂敷长度为13mm,高度为7.5mm,每个重450mg,重8kg批量的软明胶胶囊,以获得对湿度和光的保护。
改性淀粉 | 275g |
滑石 | 137.5g |
甘油 | 27.5g |
水 | 1760g |
总计 | 2200g |
配制剂的固体含量是20%。
这样计算配制剂中淀粉的总数量:
胶囊的表面积:
S=π(7.5mm·13mm)=306.15mm2
用于每个胶囊的淀粉数量:
q=5mg/cm2·306.15·10-2cm2=15.3mg
在整个批次中的淀粉数量:
Q=15.3mg·8·106mg/450mg=272·103mg
耐潮性测试
评价采用实施例3配制剂涂敷的胶囊的耐潮性。为此目的,将100个胶囊保持在未除湿环境下,在未控制温度条件下一个月。在此周期结束时,进行胶囊的视觉检查,确认不存在任何变化。
含有20%淀粉的悬浮液的粘度
使用布氏粘度计(DV-II型,探头no.5,20rpm)分析包含20%改性淀粉的悬浮液的粘度。在不同温度下获得的粘度值列于下表:
温度(℃) | 粘度(mpa·s) |
80 | 4500 |
70 | 5500 |
60 | 7000 |
50 | 10000 |
用于片剂或胶囊涂层的配制剂的粘度
在60℃下,在与先前粘度测试相同的操作条件下,测量用于片剂或胶囊的如下配制剂的布氏粘度:
a)配制剂1
改性淀粉 | 81g |
Neosorb P100 | 9g |
水 | 510g |
b)配制剂2
改性淀粉 | 81g |
甘油 | 9g |
水 | 510g |
b)配制剂3
改性淀粉 | 87g |
Neosorb P100 | 3g |
水 | 510g |
d)配制剂4
改性淀粉 | 87g |
甘油 | 3g |
水 | 510g |
各种配制剂获得的粘度值列于下表:
配制剂 | 粘度(mPa·s) |
1 | 480 |
2 | 400 |
3 | 520 |
4 | 500 |
Claims (22)
1.具有至少50wt%直链淀粉含量的乙酰化预凝胶化淀粉的用途,用于涂敷人和动物用药物、化妆品、食品和饮食领域的固体配制剂,该涂层是在水中制备的。
2.根据权利要求1的用途,其中该淀粉具有0.5-2.5wt%的乙酰基百分比。
3.根据权利要求1的用途,其中该淀粉是玉米淀粉。
4.根据权利要求1的用途,其中该直链淀粉是人工添加到该乙酰化预凝胶化淀粉中的。
5.根据权利要求1的用途,其中该直链淀粉是天然包含在该乙酰化预凝胶化淀粉中的。
6.根据权利要求1的用途,其中该淀粉的直链淀粉含量大于90wt%。
7.根据权利要求1的用途,其中将该淀粉与增塑剂和/或润滑剂混合。
8.根据权利要求7的用途,其中该增塑剂选自山梨醇、甘油、柠檬酸三乙酯、聚山梨酸酯、巴西棕榈蜡、PEG及其混合物。
9.根据权利要求7的用途,其中该润滑剂选自聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、单硬脂酸甘油酯、胶体二氧化硅、高岭土、二氧化钛、硬脂酸镁、藻酸盐、滑石及其混合物。
10.根据权利要求9的用途,其中该润滑剂是滑石。
11.根据权利要求8的用途,其中该增塑剂的存在量为10wt%-50wt%,相对于乙酰化预凝胶化淀粉重量。
12.根据权利要求11的用途,其中该增塑剂的存在量为10wt%,相对于乙酰化预凝胶化淀粉重量。
13.根据权利要求9的用途,其中该润滑剂的存在量为20%-70%,相对于乙酰化预凝胶化淀粉重量。
14.根据权利要求13的用途,其中该润滑剂的存在量为50%,相对于乙酰化预凝胶化淀粉重量。
15.根据权利要求1的用途,其中进一步含有选自阿拉伯胶、虫胶、纤维素及其混合物的试剂。
16.根据权利要求15的用途,其中该试剂的包含量为10wt%-70wt%,相对于乙酰化预凝胶化淀粉重量。
17.根据权利要求1的用途,其中该涂层是耐胃液涂层和该淀粉的使用量为5-15mg/cm2要涂敷的表面。
18.根据权利要求17的用途,其中该淀粉的使用量为15mg/cm2要涂敷的表面。
19.根据权利要求15的用途,其中该涂层是耐胃液涂层和该淀粉的使用量为2-10mg/cm2要涂敷的表面。
20.根据权利要求19的用途,其中该淀粉的使用量为5mg/cm2要涂敷的表面。
21.根据权利要求1的用途,其中该涂层是耐湿和耐光的,用于覆盖令人不愉快的味道或气味,或用于获得延迟释放,和其中该淀粉的使用量为2-10mg/cm2要涂敷的表面。
22.根据权利要求21的用途,其中该淀粉的使用量为5mg/cm2要涂敷的表面。
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FR2862654B1 (fr) * | 2003-11-20 | 2006-02-10 | Roquette Freres | Composition amylacee filmogene |
JP2005194218A (ja) * | 2004-01-05 | 2005-07-21 | Ezaki Glico Co Ltd | ハードカプセルおよびその製造方法 |
CA2491665A1 (fr) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-06-24 | Louis Cartilier | Formulation de comprime pour liberation soutenue de principe actif |
FR2892726B1 (fr) * | 2005-10-28 | 2010-06-11 | Laurence Paris | Agent d'enrobage |
EP2252271B1 (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2012-05-23 | McNeil-PPC, Inc. | Dip coated compositions containing a starch having a high amylose content |
EP2386297A1 (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-16 | Roquette Frères | Indigestible polymer: starch acetate -based film coatings for colon targeting |
IT1401146B1 (it) | 2010-07-27 | 2013-07-12 | Gnosis Spa | Composizione comprendente shellac e/o un suo sale e sodio amido glicolato |
CN104055748B (zh) * | 2013-03-21 | 2018-12-25 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 用于制备包含变性淀粉基质的硬胶囊的组合物 |
US20160051478A1 (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2016-02-25 | Roquette Freres | Film-forming compostions for the film-coating of solid forms |
CA2820991C (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2020-10-06 | Pamela Elizabeth Hume | Aqueous starch-containing compositions for coating food products |
SI2946774T1 (sl) * | 2014-05-19 | 2020-07-31 | Tillotts Pharma Ag | Obložene kapsule s prirejenim sproščanjem |
CN108745295B (zh) * | 2018-06-22 | 2021-03-26 | 河北师范大学 | 一种硅氧烷吸附材料及其应用 |
KR20220008271A (ko) * | 2019-05-15 | 2022-01-20 | 에보닉 오퍼레이션스 게엠베하 | 캡슐 충전 기계를 사용한 셀룰로오스 또는 전분을 기반으로 하는 코팅을 갖는 충전된 경질 쉘 캡슐의 제조 방법 |
EP3968969A1 (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2022-03-23 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Process for preparing filled hard-shell capsules with (meth)acrylate copolymer based coatings with a capsule-filling machine |
IT201900021564A1 (it) * | 2019-11-19 | 2021-05-19 | Neilos S R L | Composizione nutraceutica o farmaceutica comprendente ferro pirofosfato per l’uso nel trattamento e/o nella prevenzione di condizioni o patologie caratterizzate da carenza di ferro |
WO2022078823A1 (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2022-04-21 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Nutraceutical or pharmaceutical composition comprising a modified starch |
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- 2001-01-26 EP EP01905694A patent/EP1296658B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-26 JP JP2002504987A patent/JP2004501187A/ja active Pending
- 2001-01-26 AU AU2001233714A patent/AU2001233714A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-26 ES ES01905694T patent/ES2284615T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-26 DK DK01905694T patent/DK1296658T3/da active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1437465A (zh) | 2003-08-20 |
US20040069300A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
US7056377B2 (en) | 2006-06-06 |
DE60127674T2 (de) | 2007-12-13 |
ITMI20001421A0 (it) | 2000-06-23 |
IT1318597B1 (it) | 2003-08-27 |
ATE358471T1 (de) | 2007-04-15 |
DK1296658T3 (da) | 2007-08-06 |
ITMI20001421A1 (it) | 2001-12-23 |
AU2001233714A1 (en) | 2002-01-08 |
EP1296658B8 (en) | 2007-11-21 |
DE60127674D1 (de) | 2007-05-16 |
ES2284615T3 (es) | 2007-11-16 |
WO2002000205A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 |
EP1296658B1 (en) | 2007-04-04 |
JP2004501187A (ja) | 2004-01-15 |
EP1296658A1 (en) | 2003-04-02 |
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