CN1283633C - 制备辛伐他汀的方法 - Google Patents
制备辛伐他汀的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1283633C CN1283633C CNB028268962A CN02826896A CN1283633C CN 1283633 C CN1283633 C CN 1283633C CN B028268962 A CNB028268962 A CN B028268962A CN 02826896 A CN02826896 A CN 02826896A CN 1283633 C CN1283633 C CN 1283633C
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- formula
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- dimethyl
- simvastatin
- water
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N SJ000286063 Natural products C12C(OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)CC(C)C=C2C=CC(C)C1CCC1CC(O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N simvastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229960002855 simvastatin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Monacolin X Natural products C12C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CC(C)C=C2C=CC(C)C1CCC1CC(O)CC(=O)O1 PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-BXMDZJJMSA-N lovastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-BXMDZJJMSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229960004844 lovastatin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QLJODMDSTUBWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lovastatin hydroxy acid Natural products C1=CC(C)C(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C2C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CC(C)C=C21 QLJODMDSTUBWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LDJUYMIFFNTKOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutanoyl chloride Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C(Cl)=O LDJUYMIFFNTKOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- -1 2,2-dimethyl butyrate acylbromide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- NFQIMBYJXQGLAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutanoyl bromide Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C(Br)=O NFQIMBYJXQGLAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphine group Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IKAACYWAXDLDPM-JTQLQIEISA-N (4aR)-1,2,3,4,4a,5-hexahydronaphthalene Chemical compound C1CCC[C@@H]2CC=CC=C12 IKAACYWAXDLDPM-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- REPWBKQJAMXHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylphosphane;hydrobromide Chemical class [Br-].[PH3+]C1=CC=CC=C1 REPWBKQJAMXHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- IKAACYWAXDLDPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,4a,5-hexahydronaphthalene Chemical group C1=CCC2CCCCC2=C1 IKAACYWAXDLDPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQQDIGGISSSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidine Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1NCCCC1 IAQQDIGGISSSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000013455 Amyloid beta-Peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010090849 Amyloid beta-Peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N Atorvastatin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atorvastatin Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000035150 Hypercholesterolemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031226 Hyperlipidaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GEVVMWHWTUKSKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M [I-].[NH4+].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[I-] Chemical compound [I-].[NH4+].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[I-] GEVVMWHWTUKSKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005370 atorvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZRDJERPXCFOFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;iodic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]I(=O)=O ZRDJERPXCFOFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFHMIAASVQMJIE-UHFFFAOYSA-M azanium trimethyl(phenyl)azanium diiodide Chemical compound [I-].C1(=CC=CC=C1)[N+](C)(C)C.[NH4+].[I-] PFHMIAASVQMJIE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CHQVQXZFZHACQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(triethyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CHQVQXZFZHACQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003570 biosynthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005110 cerivastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SEERZIQQUAZTOL-ANMDKAQQSA-N cerivastatin Chemical compound COCC1=C(C(C)C)N=C(C(C)C)C(\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 SEERZIQQUAZTOL-ANMDKAQQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- PLMFYJJFUUUCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M decyltrimethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C PLMFYJJFUUUCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- DQYBDCGIPTYXML-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyethane;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCOCC DQYBDCGIPTYXML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHYNXXDQQHTCHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JHYNXXDQQHTCHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AIZAPEVSJDVQLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptylazanium;iodide Chemical class [I-].CCCCCCC[NH3+] AIZAPEVSJDVQLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNAAUNTYIONOHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexylazanium;iodide Chemical class [I-].CCCCCC[NH3+] VNAAUNTYIONOHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JNMIXMFEVJHFNY-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JNMIXMFEVJHFNY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBZSVMFYMAOGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylazanium;iodide Chemical class [I-].CCCCCCCC[NH3+] HBZSVMFYMAOGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FGTJJHCZWOVVNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C FGTJJHCZWOVVNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCNZYOJHNLTNEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)Cl BCNZYOJHNLTNEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)C RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AEFPPQGZJFTXDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraphenylphosphanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AEFPPQGZJFTXDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNMJFQWRASXXMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(phenyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 GNMJFQWRASXXMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
- C07D309/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D309/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D309/06—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
- C07D309/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D309/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D309/30—Oxygen atoms, e.g. delta-lactones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Pyrane Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
使用包括以下步骤的方法能够以高产率、低成本地制得高纯度的辛伐他汀:用溶解在水和甲醇中的氢氧化钾处理洛伐他汀,得到三醇酸;使该三醇酸重新内酯化,并保护内酯环上的羟基;所得的化合物在有机溶剂中,于酰化催化剂存在下,用2,2-二甲基丁酰氯或2,2-二甲基丁酰溴进行酰化,然后脱除内酯环上的甲硅烷基保护基,得到辛伐他汀。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备高纯度的辛伐他汀的方法,该方法成本低、产率高。
背景技术
一些六氢萘衍生物,如洛伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、西立伐他汀和辛伐他汀,是HMG-CoA(3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰基CoA)还原酶的强效抑制剂(该酶控制胆固醇的生物合成),并因此被广泛用于治疗高脂血症、高胆固醇血症等。具体而言,式(I)的辛伐他汀优于其他的六氢萘衍生物,这是因为没有副作用而且在胃中具有高吸收性。同样,已有报道称,辛伐他汀通过推迟Ab42(一种与阿尔茨海默氏病爆发有关的β-淀粉样蛋白)的产生而可以预防并降低阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)的风险。
由洛伐他汀合成辛伐他汀主要是按照以下两个方法之一来进行
美国专利5,393,893、美国专利4,582,915、美国专利5,763,646、美国专利5,763,653、欧洲专利299,656以及国际专利申请公开WO99/45003披露了以下制备式(I)之辛伐他汀的方法:在金属酰胺碱存在下,用甲基卤化物对式(II)之洛伐他汀的8′-甲基丁酰基氧基侧链直接进行甲基化。但是,该方法具有以下缺陷:C-甲基化步骤是在极低的温度(-75至-30℃)下进行,使用强碱,而且是在无水条件下,该条件对于大规模生产是难以操作的。
美国专利4,444,784中公开的另一种方法如以下反应路线1所示。首先,式(II)的洛伐他汀用过量的氢氧化锂进行水解,以除去2-甲基丁酰基侧链,并同时使其6元内酯环开环,以形成式(III)的三醇酸。该式(III)的三醇酸接着进行加热,以得到式(IV)的二醇内酯。二醇内酯的内酯环上的羟基进行保护,得到式(V)的叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚,然后六氢萘环系统之C-8位处的羟基用2,2-二甲基丁酸在二环己基碳化二亚胺或者2,2-二甲基氯存在下进行酰化,形成式(VI)的化合物。在最后步骤中,使用四丁基氟化铵脱除式(VI)化合物中的叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基保护基,形成式(I)的辛伐他汀:
反应路线1
但是,该方法在水解和酰化步骤中需要高温以及长达56小时的反应时间,这使得形成许多非所希望的副产物,导致最终产物的产率和纯度低。
另外,韩国专利申请公开第2000-15179号披露了反应路线1的方法的改进,其中在水解步骤中使用t-BuOK,而在酰化步骤中使用酰氧基三苯基鏻盐。但是,该方法需要使用t-BuOK,该试剂是昂贵的,而且产生非所希望的副反应,并使产率低下,以及需要通过复杂的纯制步骤除去大大过量的试剂如2,2-二甲基丁酸、三苯基膦和N-溴琥珀酰亚胺、以及未反应的试剂。因此,与其他方法一样,该方法对于大规模生产也是不适合的。
发明内容
因此,本发明的主要目的是提供一种以高产率制备高纯度的辛伐他汀的方法,该方法可有利于大规模生产辛伐他汀。
根据本发明的一个方面,其提供一种用于制备式(I)之辛伐他汀的方法,其包括以下步骤:(a)用溶解在水和甲醇中的氢氧化钾处理式(II)的洛伐他汀,得到式(III)的化合物;(b)使式(III)的化合物重新内酯化,并保护内酯环上的羟基,得到式(V)的化合物;以及(c)在有机溶剂中,于酰化催化剂存在下,该催化剂是式(VII)的化合物或者式(VIII)的化合物,用2,2-二甲基丁酰氯或2,2-二甲基丁酰溴使式(V)的化合物酰化,然后脱除内酯环上的甲硅烷基保护基,得到式(I)的辛伐他汀。
(R1)3R2N+X- (VII)
(R1)3R2P+X- (VIII)
其中R1是C1-20烷基或苯基;R2是C1-20烷基、苯基或苄基;而X是Br或I。
具体实施方式
本发明的方法通过在水解步骤(a)使用溶解在水和甲醇的混合物中的氢氧化钾、以及在酰化步骤(c)中使用酰化催化剂如季铵卤化物和季鏻卤化物,使得能够在温和条件下以高产率制备高纯的辛伐他汀。
以下将更为详细地描述本发明的方法。
步骤(a)
以式(II)的洛伐他汀为基准,氢氧化钾的使用量在5-15当量的范围内,优选为8-12当量。
所用水和甲醇的比例(v∶v)为1∶2-1∶20,优选为1∶4-1∶12,而且对于每1g的氢氧化钾,水和甲醇混合物的使用量为1-8ml,优选为4-6ml。
水解步骤可在20-80℃、优选50-70℃范围内的温度下进行5-12小时,形成白色固体状的式(III)化合物,其纯度至少为98%,高的产率至少为95%,比用t-BuOK的常规方法中长达56小时的水解步骤高出10%。
步骤(b)
该步骤是通过改进常规方法而进行的(美国专利4,444,784),形成式(V)的化合物,其纯度至少为98%,产率为90%或更高。
步骤(c)
在该步骤中,在步骤(b)中制得的式(V)可在苯中于酰化催化剂如化合物季铵卤化物或季鏻卤化物存在下与2,2-二甲基丁酰卤一起回流,同时使用Dean-stark汽水阀共沸除去水,形成式(VI)的化合物,其纯度至少为98%,产率为95%或更高。酰化催化剂可促进反应在6-8小时内完成,与之相比,在常规方法中则需要3-4天。
可用于本发明中的季铵卤化物包括苄基三正丁基溴化铵、苄基三乙基溴化铵、正癸基三甲基溴化铵、正十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、正辛基三甲基溴化铵、苯基三甲基溴化铵、四正丁基溴化铵、四乙基溴化铵、四正己基溴化铵、四甲基溴化铵、四正丙基溴化铵、苄基三乙基碘化铵、苯基三乙基碘化铵、苯基三甲基碘化铵、四正丁基碘化铵、四正庚基碘化铵、四正己基碘化铵、四正辛基碘化铵、四正丙基碘化铵和四甲基碘化铵等,其中苄基三正丁基溴化铵和四正丁基溴化铵是最优选的。
另外,可用于本发明中的季鏻卤化物包括苄基三苯基溴化鏻、正丁基三苯基溴化鏻、甲基三苯基溴化鏻、乙基三苯基溴化鏻、正庚基三苯基溴化鏻、正己基三苯基溴化鏻、正丙基三苯基溴化鏻、四正丁基溴化鏻、四正辛基溴化鏻、四苯基溴化鏻、四苯基碘化鏻和甲基三苯基碘化鏻等,其中四正丁基溴化鏻是最优选的。
以式(V)化合物的量为基准,季铵卤化物或季鏻卤化物的使用量在0.5-3.0当量的范围内,优选为0.8-1.5当量。
以式(V)化合物的量为基准,2,2-二甲基丁酰氯或2,2-二甲基丁酰溴的使用量在1-3当量的范围内,优选为1.3-1.8当量。
同样,以式(V)化合物的量为基准,可在上述反应混合物中添加2-4当量的吡啶以中和产生的HCl。
随后,用常规方法脱除式(VI)化合物的叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基保护基(美国专利4,444,784),以得到式(I)的辛伐他汀,其纯度至少为99%,产率为90%或更高。
如上所述,根据本发明可以高产率、低成本地得到高纯度的辛伐他汀。
以下实施例仅是用于说明本发明,而绝不是用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例
实施例1:制备7-[1′,2′,6′,7′,8′,8a′(R)-六氢-2′(S),6′(R)-二甲基-8′(S)-羟基-1′(S)-萘基]-3(R),5(R)-二羟基庚酸(式(III)的化合物)
将140g的氢氧化钾溶解在100ml的水中,向其中缓慢添加600ml的甲醇,同时用冰浴保持20℃的温度,然后向其中于20℃下添加100g的洛伐他汀。用油浴使混合物回流8小时,然后向其中添加150ml的水。随后,在减压下除去甲醇,并向其中添加550ml的水和300ml的二乙基醚。在5-10℃下缓慢添加6N HCl并同时搅拌,由此酸化混合物,然后在相同的温度下再搅拌另外30分钟。过滤所得的沉淀物,用水和二乙醚的混合物洗涤,然后干燥,得到82g白色固体状的标题化合物(产率:98%,纯度:98.6%)。
m.p.:128℃
1H-NMR(δ,CDCl3):5.98(d,1H),5.80(dd,1H),5.54(bs,1H),4.33(m,1H),4.28(m,1H),3.98(m,1H),2.51(bs,2H),1.18(d,3H),0.90(d,3H)
实施例2:制备6(R)-[2-(8′(S)-羟基-2′(S),6′(R)-二甲基-1′,2′,6′,7′,8′,8a′(R)-六氢萘基-1′(S))乙基]-4(R)-羟基-3,4,5,6-四氢-2H-吡喃-2-酮(式(IV)的化合物)
将79g在实施例1中制得的7-[I′,2′,6′,7′,8′,8a′(R)-六氢-2′(S),6′(R)-二甲基-8′(S)-羟基-1′(S)-萘基]-3(R),5(R)-二羟基庚酸溶解在560ml的乙酸乙酯中,然后向其中添加0.8g的对甲苯磺酸。在室温下搅拌反应混合物3小时,随后添加700ml的己烷,并再搅拌额外的30分钟。所得的沉淀物过滤,用100ml的己烷洗涤,然后干燥,得到73.5g白色固体状的标题化合物(产率:98%,纯度:98.2%)。
m.p.:125-126℃
1H-NMR(δ,CDCl3):6.0(d,1H),5.80(dd,1H),5.54(bs,1H),4.72(m,1H),4.38(m,1H),4.23(bs,1H),2.68(dd,2H),2.39(m,2H),2.15-1.78(m,9H),1.58-1.18(m,4H),1.19(d,3H),0.90(m,1H)
实施例3:制备6(R)-[2-(8′(S)-羟基-2′(S),6′(R)-二甲基-1′,2′,6′,7′,8′,8a′(R)-六氢萘基-1′(S))乙基]-4(R)-(二甲基-叔丁基甲硅烷基氧基)-3,4,5,6-四氢-2H-吡喃-2-酮(式(V)的化合物)
将70g在实施例2中制得的6(R)-[2-(8′(S)-羟基-2′(S),6′(R)-二甲基-1′,2′,6′,7′.8′,8a′(R)-六氢萘基-1′(S))乙基]-4(R)-羟基-3,4,5,6-四氢-2H-吡喃-2-酮溶解在800ml的二氯甲烷中,然后向其中顺序地添加43g的咪唑和43g的叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷。反应混合物在25-30℃下搅拌6小时,然后顺序地用300ml的水、200ml的0.2N HCl、100ml的饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和100ml的饱和盐水洗涤3次。有机层分离,在无水硫酸镁上干燥,过滤并除去溶剂。在所得的固体中添加300ml的己烷,并在室温下搅拌30分钟。所得的沉淀物过滤并干燥,得到87.6g白色固体状的标题化合物(产率:96%,纯度:98.5%)。
m.p.:134-136℃
1H-NMR(δ,CDCl3):6.03(d,1H),5.78(dd,1H),5.57(m,1H),4.70(m,1H),4.28(m,2H),2.58(d,2H),1.19(d,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.89(d,3H),0.1(s,6H)
实施例4:制备6(R)-[2-(8′(S)-2″,2″-二甲基丁酰基氧基-2′(S),6′(R)-二甲基-1′,2′,6′,7′,8′,8a′(R)-六氢萘基-1′(S))乙基]-4(R)-(二甲基-叔丁基甲硅烷基氧基)-3,4,5,6-四氢-2H-吡喃-2-酮(式(VI)的化合物)
将10g的苄基三正丁基溴化铵和2.3ml的吡啶添加至100ml的苯中。使用Dean-stark汽水阀使该混合物回流30分钟,随后添加5.2ml的2,2-二甲基丁酰氯和10g在实施例3中制得的6(R)-[2-(8′(S)-羟基-2′(S),6′(R)-二甲基-1′,2′,6′,7′,8′,8a′(R)-六氢萘基-1′(S))乙基]-4(R)-(二甲基-叔丁基甲硅烷基氧基)-3,4,5,6-四氢-2H-吡喃-2-酮回流8小时,然后冷却。所得的混合物用300ml的二乙醚稀释,然后顺序地用300ml的水、100ml的0.2N HCl和200ml的饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤2次。有机层分离并在无水硫酸镁上干燥,然后过滤。蒸发溶剂,得到12.1g油状的标题化合物(产率:98%,纯度98.3%)
1H-NMR(δ,CDCl3):6.01(d,1H),5.80(dd,1H),5.52(bs,1H),5.35(bs,1H),4.60(m,1H),4.30(t,2H),2.60(m,2H),2.38(m,2H),2.20(d,1H),1.98-1.25(m,14H),1.12(d,3H),1.10(d,3H),0.95-0.81(m,15H),0.1(s,6H)
实施例5:制备6(R)-[2-(8′(S)-2″,2″-二甲基丁酰基氧基-2′(S),6′(R)-二甲基-1′,2′,6′,7′,8′,8a′(R)-六氢萘基-1′(S))乙基]-4(R)-羟基-3,4,5,6-四氢-2H-吡喃-2-酮(式(I)的化合物)
将12.3g在实施例4中制得的6(R)-[2-(8′(S)-2″,2″-二甲基丁酰基氧基-2′(S),6′(R)-二甲基-1′,2′,6′,7′,8′,8a′(R)-六氢萘基-1′(S))乙基]-4(R)-(二甲基-叔丁基甲硅烷基氧基)-3,4,5,6-四氢-2H-吡喃-2-酮溶解在100ml的四氢呋喃中,然后顺序地向其中添加5mlll的乙酸和63ml的1N四丁基氟化铵。混合物在室温下搅拌48小时,用800ml的二乙醚稀释,然后顺序地用150ml的水、150ml的0.2N HCl、150ml的水、150ml的饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和150ml的饱和盐水洗涤。有机层分离,在无水硫酸镁上干燥,然后过滤。蒸发溶剂,得到粗产物,其用乙酸乙酯/己烷重结晶,得到8.8g白色固体状的标题化合物(产率:91%,纯度:99.2%)。
m.p.:133-135℃
1H-NMR(δ,CDCl3):6.0(d,1H),5.78(dd,1H),5.51(bs,1H),5.37(m,1H),4.62(m,1H),4.39(bs,1H),2.92(m,1H),2.64-2.74(m,2H),2.4(m,1H),1.13(s,6H),0.86(t,3H)
如上所示,与常规方法相比,本发明的方法能够以高产率和低成本提供高纯度的辛伐他汀。
虽然已相对于具体的实施方案描述了本发明,但应认识到,本领域技术人员还可对本发明进行各种的改进和改变,它们也落入在此所附之权利要求书所限定的范围内。
Claims (8)
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中以式(II)的洛伐他汀的量为基准,在步骤(a)中氢氧化钾的使用量在5-15当量的范围内。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在步骤(a)中所用水和甲醇的体积比为1∶2-1∶20。
4、如权利要求1-3之一所述的方法,其中在步骤(a)中对于每1g的氢氧化钾,水和甲醇混合物的使用量为1-8ml。
5、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(c)中所用的酰化催化剂选自于以下组中:苄基三正丁基溴化铵和四正丁基溴化铵。
6、如权利要求1或5所述的方法,其中以式(V)化合物的量为基准,步骤(c)中所用的酰化催化剂的使用量在0.5-3.0当量的范围内。
7、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中以式(V)化合物的量为基准,2,2-二甲基丁酰氯或2,2-二甲基丁酰溴的使用量在1-3当量的范围内。
8、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(c)上在回流苯中进行的,同时用Dean-stark汽水阀共沸除去水。
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US4444784A (en) * | 1980-08-05 | 1984-04-24 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Antihypercholesterolemic compounds |
US5223415A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1993-06-29 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Biosynthetic production of 7-[1',2',6',7',8',8a'(R)-hexahydro-2'(S),6'(R)-dimethyl-8'(S)-hydroxy-1'(S)-naphthyl]-3(R),5(R)-dihydroxyheptanoic acid (triol acid) |
US5159104A (en) * | 1991-05-01 | 1992-10-27 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Process to simvastatin ester |
IN186879B (zh) * | 1997-10-28 | 2001-12-01 | Ranbaxy Lab Ltd | |
CA2240983A1 (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 1999-12-18 | Yong Tao | Process to manufacture simvastatin and intermediates |
US6002021A (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 1999-12-14 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Process for preparing 6(R)-{2-8'(S)-2",2"-dimethylbutyryloxy-2'(S)-6'(R)-dimethyl-1',2',6'7',8' 8'A(R)-hexahydronapthyl-1'(S)-ethyl}-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-one |
CA2320163C (en) * | 1998-12-10 | 2008-09-23 | Kaneka Corporation | Process for producing simvastatin |
CA2342361A1 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2001-01-04 | Masafumi Fukae | Process for selective lactonization |
CA2388182A1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2001-05-03 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Lactonization process |
BR0017141B1 (pt) * | 2000-03-30 | 2011-07-12 | processo para produção de um composto de sinvastatina. | |
CA2438477A1 (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2001-06-28 | Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Corp. | An improved process for preparing simvastatin |
-
2002
- 2002-01-09 KR KR10-2002-0001118A patent/KR100435142B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-26 CN CNB028268962A patent/CN1283633C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-26 WO PCT/KR2002/002434 patent/WO2003057684A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-12-26 US US10/501,007 patent/US7528265B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-26 EP EP02793514A patent/EP1463723A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-12-26 JP JP2003557999A patent/JP4216727B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-26 AU AU2002359034A patent/AU2002359034A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050080275A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
JP4216727B2 (ja) | 2009-01-28 |
EP1463723A4 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
KR20030060425A (ko) | 2003-07-16 |
JP2005514419A (ja) | 2005-05-19 |
CN1612872A (zh) | 2005-05-04 |
WO2003057684A1 (en) | 2003-07-17 |
US7528265B2 (en) | 2009-05-05 |
EP1463723A1 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
KR100435142B1 (ko) | 2004-06-09 |
AU2002359034A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
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