CN1281812C - 用于伸长率低、柔软度好的人造革的复合片 - Google Patents

用于伸长率低、柔软度好的人造革的复合片 Download PDF

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CN1281812C
CN1281812C CNB038030128A CN03803012A CN1281812C CN 1281812 C CN1281812 C CN 1281812C CN B038030128 A CNB038030128 A CN B038030128A CN 03803012 A CN03803012 A CN 03803012A CN 1281812 C CN1281812 C CN 1281812C
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woven
composite sheet
superfine fibre
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CN1625626A (zh
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黄永男
金元焌
郑在熏
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Kolon Industries Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于伸长率低、柔软度好的人造革的复合片。人造革用的复合片包含：用纤度小于0.3旦的超细纤维制备的非织造织物层(1)；用纤度小于0.3旦的超细纤维制成的纱机织或针织的织物层(2)；聚氨酯树脂，其中非织造织物层(1)的超细纤维和机织或针织织物层(2)的超细纤维彼此缠结在一起。本发明复合片的缝合强度超过30kg/mm，恒负载下的伸长率小于20%，硬挺度小于80mm。由于本发明的人造革用的复合片的形状稳定性和柔软度都非常好，它适用于制造用于家具、汽车、服装和各种商品的人造革。

Description

用于伸长率低、柔软度好的人造革的复合片
发明领域
本发明涉及用于伸长率低、柔软度好的人造革的复合片。具体地说，本发明涉及用于人造革的复合片，可用它生产用于家具、汽车、服装和各式各样商品的人造革，因为它有良好的形状稳定性和柔软手感。
人造革一般是通过在用于人造革的片材表面上涂敷树脂制备的，所述片材包含两种组分，即用超细纤维制成的非织造织物和聚氨酯树脂，可根据人造革用途将其表面染色或直接染色。
制备上述人造革片材的方法包括：(1)通过交叉梳理研磨工艺形成可细化为网的复合纤维；(2)对网针刺，形成非织造织物；(3)将其中的纤维变成超细，方法是将非织造织物浸渍在聚氨酯中，提取并去掉复合纤维中的海面组分；或者先提取并去掉复合纤维中的海面(sea)组分，然后将非织造织物浸渍在聚氨酯中；(4)打磨此织物，在表面上形成一些突起纤维。
发明背景
用传统生产方法即适用于普通人造革片的方法生产的人造革广泛用于服装、鞋类、手套等，因为它具有极好的外观和手感。但是它强度不高，且伸长率太高。这使得难以将这种片材用于家具的覆盖物，汽车椅的坐垫，服装等，因为这些用途对形状的稳定性有一定的要求。
为解决这个问题，曾有一种方法是在生产人造革用的片材时，增加聚氨酯的浸渍量，以此提高形状稳定性。在此情况下，人造革具有良好的形状稳定性，但柔软度不够，因而存在损害人造革外观的危险。
曾有一种方法是在生产人造革用的片材时，减少聚氨酯的浸渍量来改善产品的外观和手感，但是，这样又降低了人造革的形状稳定性。
日本专利公开S62-78281和美国专利5256429介绍了一种人造革用的复合片，它的制备方法是，将用超过1旦的纱纺织的一层织物作为增强材料插入非织造超细纤维织物层，用针穿刺，用机械方法使非织造织物层的超细纤维和织物层的纱结合。
此方法能提高人造革的形状稳定性，但问题是旦数高于超细纤维的增强织物层纤维会被抬起，从复合片表面突出，因而使人造革的手感粗硬。此外，在染色时，由于突出表面的超细纤维与增强织物层的粗纤维之间存在旦数差，它们的染色浓度也会出现差异，因而破坏了产品的外观。
从传统技术可以看出，还没有开发出用于人造革且能提高人造革的形状稳定性和手感的复合片。
发明综述
本发明的一个目标是提供一种用于人造革的复合片，它非常适合用来生产用于家具、汽车、服装和各式各样商品的人造革，因为它具有良好的形状稳定性和柔软度。
本发明提供了人造革用的复合片，它具有良好的形状稳定性和柔软度，因而它适合用来生产用于家具、汽车、服装和各式各样商品的人造革。为此，本发明提供了一种人造革用的复合片，它具有良好的伸长率和柔软度，其缝合强度超过30kg/mm，恒负载下的伸长率小于20％，硬挺度小于80mm，其制备方法是将用单丝旦数小于0.3的超细纤维制成的纱机织或针织成的织物插入用于人造革的普通片材中，该片材由超细纤维的非织造织物层和聚氨酯树脂制成，然后用针穿刺。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种人造革用的复合片，它包含：用纤度小于0.3旦的超细纤维制备的非织造织物层(1)；用纤度小于0.3旦的超细纤维制成的纱机织或针织成的织物层(2)；聚氨酯树脂，其中非织造织物层(1)的超细纤维和机织或针织织物层(2)的超细纤维彼此缠结在一起。
此外，本发明提供了一种人造革用的复合片，它包含：用超细纤维制备的非织造织物层(1)；用超细纤维制成的纱机织或针织成的织物层(2)；聚氨酯树脂，其中非织造织物层(1)的超细纤维和机织或针织织物层(2)的超细纤维彼此缠结在一起，机织或针织织物层(2)超细纤维的纤度不超过非织造织物层(1)超细纤维的纤度。
此外，本发明提供了一种人造革用的复合片，它包含：用超细纤维制备的非织造织物层(1)；用超细纤维制成的纱机织或针织成的织物层(2)；聚氨酯树脂，其中非织造织物层(1)的超细纤维和机织或针织织物层(2)的超细纤维彼此缠结在一起，所述复合片的缝合强度超过30kg/mm，恒负载下的伸长率小于20％，硬挺度小于80mm。
下面将详细介绍本发明。
首先，可用于本发明的超细纤维的制备方法是对两类形成纤维的聚合物材料进行共纺或混纺，形成海岛型或分割型，或者用普通方法将形成纤维的聚合物材料纺成纤度小于0.3旦。
对于海岛型，聚酯基聚合物或尼龙基聚合物可用作海岛成分，共聚聚酯、聚乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚苯乙烯等可用作海面成分，海面成分在一种特定溶剂中的溶解度不同于海岛成分的溶解度。
对于分割型，聚酯、尼龙和共聚聚酯可以采用，它们能分开超细纤维，方法是用氢氧化钠等溶剂从两种聚合物中萃取或除去一种组分。
本发明所用的超细纤维在人造革用的复合片中形成两种片(层)的形式：一种是短纤维非织造织物层(1)形式，另一种是机织或针织织物层(2)形式。
短纤维非织造织物层(1)的制备方法是，将能变细到小于0.3旦的纱(丝)切成短纤维，然后利用交叉梳理研磨工艺形成网，再用针穿刺它们。
机织或针织织物层(2)的制备方法是，机织或针织细纱，其中细纱通过梳理-梳条-加捻短纤维制备，而短纤维通过切割能变细到小于0.3旦的纱(丝)制备；或者用捻合工艺对连续丝进行机织或针织，所述连续丝通过纺丝-拉伸工艺制备。也就是说，本发明所用由超细纤维制备的机织或针织织物层(2)，可用由短纤维或连续丝纱制备的细纱机织或针织而成。
经过纤维细化处理后，本发明所用超细纤维的纤度宜小于0.3旦。如果超细纤维的纤度超过0.3旦，则难以获得具有柔软手感的人造革。
此外，制备本发明机织或针织织物层(2)的纱更宜由纤度在0.01-0.3旦之间的超细纤维制备。更大的纤度可能会对机织或针织织物造成损害，因为要用针刺操作将机织或针织织物(2)连接到短纤维非织造织物层(1)上，受到破坏的纤维往往跑到人造革表面上。由于跑到表面的机织或针织织物层(2)的纤维具有比非织造织物层(1)的短纤维更大的细度，这就使人造革的外观不平整，并且柔软度下降。此外，由于染色后人造革的颜色随纤维纤度发生很大变化，机织或针织织物层(2)露在表面的纤维形成明显的缺陷。不仅如此，由于粗纤维会使机织或针织织物层(2)摸上去格外硬，这会破坏人造革的柔软度。
本发明并不特别限制形成机织或针织织物层(2)的超细纤维的最低旦数。但是，如果用由过细纤维纺成的纱制备机织或针织织物层(2)，则难以均匀控制超细纤维的纤度，除去海面部分后在处理过程中的伸长程度会增加，而成品的物理性质，如强度、伸长率等则显著下降，从而削弱了提高形状稳定性的效果。因此，超细纤维的纤度更宜在0.01-0.3旦之间。
此外，本发明中构成机织或针织织物层(2)的纱的总旦数宜为30-150。旦数更小则会使强度、伸长率等物理性质下降，这样会降低形状稳定性。另一方面，旦数更大会使机织或针织织物层(2)过硬，这样，即使它在溶解后变得超细，人造革也难以获得所需的柔软度。
本发明中，构成机织或针织织物层(2)的纱宜由200-10000根超细纤维形成。经过纤维细化处理后，如果一股纱中的超细纤维数超过10000，则纤维会过细或总旦数要增加。这会抵消提高形状稳定性的效果，或者增加人造革失去柔软度的风险，这不是所希望的。
相反，经过纤维细化处理后，如果一股纱中的超细纤维数低于200，则纤维会过粗或总旦数要减少。这会使柔软度下降或增加强度、伸长率等物理性质下降的风险，这也不是所希望的。
除此之外，在本发明中，构成机织或针织织物层(2)的纱宜为捻合纱，捻度为500-4000捻/米(以下记作t/m)。如果捻度为500-700t/m，则形状稳定性处于一般水平，但柔软度非常好。因此，这样的纱适合用于人造革如服装等，它们需要柔软的感觉。
此外，如果捻度在700-2500t/m之间，则纱的伸长率低，柔软度好，适合用来覆盖对形状稳定性有一定要求的家具。另一方面，如果捻度高，即在2500-4000t/m之间，则这种纱更适合用来生产汽车坐垫用的人造革，它需要耐磨性和形状稳定性。
如果机织或针织织物层(2)是机织织物，则经纱和纬纱的密度超过40纱/英寸，更宜超过60纱/英寸。针织织物的密度宜为30-200g/m2。
包含超细纤维非织造织物层(1)与机织或针织织物层(2)的复合片可用多种方法制备。最常用的方法是针刺法，将一个或多个短纤维非织造织物层与机织或针织织物层交替排列，在制备非织造织物时通过针刺缠绕起来。
在另一种方法中，超细纤维机织或针织织物片可与一种中间产品结合，所述中间产品含有超细纤维的非织造织物，内中用黏合剂填有聚氨酯树脂；或者，超细纤维机织或针织织物片可与经过打磨或染色等一系列人造革处理的产品结合。
将3-15％聚乙烯醇或羧甲基纤维素的聚合物水溶液填装在非织造织物和机织或针织织物的复合片上并干燥，使其百分含量相对于纤维重量为5-20％。此方法能有效预防成品手感变硬，而变硬是因为聚氨酯树脂过度粘结在纤维上，所述纤维在后续浸渍聚氨酯树脂的过程中将转变为一束细纤维。
接着对复合片进行聚氨酯湿浸渍处理。用于此步骤的聚氨酯弹性体很容易溶解在大分子二醇、二异氰酸酯和低分子量二醇或二胺等直链聚合物材料中，有时能溶解在二甲基甲酰胺(以下称“DMF”)等交联聚合物材料中。
本发明所用大分子二醇包括聚醚二醇、聚酯二醇、聚醚聚酯共聚物二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇等。本发明所用低分子量二醇包括4，4’-丁二醇、乙二醇等。也可以采用亚甲基-二-(4，4’-苯胺)等二胺基增链剂。
制备浸渍液时，在聚氨酯弹性体的DMF溶液中，加入洗涤剂、颜料、功能颗粒等，然后稀释所得溶液。将复合片浸入浸渍液，在水溶液中凝结，然后用50-80℃热水洗涤，以彻底清除临时填充的水溶性聚合物，接着干燥。干燥后，聚氨酯的含量宜为20-50wt％(以复合片总重计)。
紧接着将纤维转变为一束细纤维，方法是用溶剂或氢氧化钠水溶液从构成非织造织物层(1)和机织或针织织物层(2)的纤维中清除掉海面组分，所述溶剂或氢氧化钠水溶液能够溶解海面组分。所述海面组分既存在于非织造织物层(1)中，也存在于机织或针织织物层(2)中。如果海面组分类型不同，则必须分别对它们进行纤维细化处理，这将使处理过程变复杂。
因此在本发明中，宜用同种类型的海面组分制备非织造织物层(1)的纤维和机织或针织织物层(2)的纤维，接着用一次溶解过程同时对它们进行纤维细化处理。
如果海面组分是共聚聚酯，则海面组分可用5-15％氢氧化钠水溶液以连续或不连续方式分解。如果海面组分是聚乙烯或聚苯乙烯，则海面组分可通过用甲苯、全氯乙烯或三氯乙烯处理来清除。
例如，作为海面组分的共聚聚酯可用10％氢氧化钠水溶液在100℃处理5-10分钟，从而完全分解并得到清除。此时，尽管由于它们的海面组分是同时清除的，由非织造织物层(1)和机织或针织织物层(2)构成的复合片的纤度有一定下降，但机织或针织织物的结构使复合片的形状保持良好，由机械张力引起的径向伸长程度不大，复合片表面的表观密度提高了。
从以上方法可以看出，海面组分一般在浸渍聚氨酯后溶解，称作后溶解。反之，海面组分也可以在浸渍聚氨酯之前溶解，称作预溶解。此方法能达到改善人造革经过纤维细化处理之后的外观和物理性质。
接着，用打磨机打磨这样得到的皮革复合片表面，在表面上形成突起纤维，并蓬松成绒毛，打磨机使用粗糙度合适的砂纸。砂纸粗糙度根据其用途进行选择。一般宜用150-400目砂纸。
带绒毛的人造革复合片具有以下宏观结构特征。第一，绒毛表面上有少量机织或针织织物层(2)的丝纤维或细纤维，它们是在针刺过程中断裂并突起在表面上的。即使表面上有一些机织或针织织物层(2)的纤维突起，其纤度也不超过非织造织物层(1)的纤维。
如果突起在表面上的机织或针织织物层(2)的纤维比非织造织物层(1)的单丝粗，染色后这将变得更明显，它们的模数也会变得更大，从而极大地破坏了表面的外观和手感。
此外，本发明的人造革复合片中，非织造织物层(1)/机织或针织织物层(2)之重量比为90∶10-50∶50。因此，非织造织物层(1)的重量不宜小于机织或针织织物层(2)的重量。
除此之外，本发明的人造革复合片中，超细纤维/聚氨酯树脂的重量比为90∶10-50∶50。因此，构成非织造织物层(1)和机织或针织织物层(2)的超细纤维的量不宜低于聚氨酯树脂的量。
具有上述结构特征的人造革复合片最后根据其用途处理。复合片一般通过染色处理制成绒面型人造革，或者通过在表面上形成聚氨酯涂层制成镜面型人造革。
如果本发明的人造革复合片是绒面型的，位于表面上的超细纤维具有突起结构。
当直接染色时，如果所用纤维是尼龙-6，则一般用金属配合物或缩绒型酸性染料进行染色；如果所用纤维是聚酯，则在高压快速染色机中用分散染料染色。最后，当在染色产品上进行软化和功能试剂处理时，就可得到具有良好表面效果、优异形状稳定性和柔软度的复合绒面状人造革。
与此不同，如果要制备柔软表面的镜面型人造革，则在具有突起纤维的基本织物上不进行染色，但用典型的人造革涂布机在突起纤维上涂布聚氨酯。用于上述涂布过程中的聚氨酯弹性体是含20-30％固体物质的人造用的聚氨酯革。涂布方法包括干、湿涂布处理，如果需要，还包括层压处理。
通过上述程序和方法，有可能制备具有极高形状稳定性和柔软手感，即伸长率低和柔软度好的人造革复合片，以及用此复合片制成的人造革。
如上所述，为了制备用于本发明人造革的复合纤维，通常可在制备非织造织物时使超细纤维制成的机织或针织织物片与无纺织物层结合。此外，从上述程序可以看出，也可以将超细纤维制成的机织或针织织物片粘合到经过一系列人造革处理，包括染色或镜面涂布处理的产品上。
本发明中，用于人造革复合片的各种物理性质用如下方法测定。
超细纤维的纤度(旦数)
取人造革用的复合片截面样品，在其上涂布金涂层。用扫描电子显微镜拍摄人造革用的复合片表面的照片。然后测定照片上所示超细纤维的截面积。测定十股超细纤维(n＝10)中每一股的截面积，然后求平均值。根据照片放大率，将所得数值转化为实际值，然后利用以下公式得到纤度。
纤度(旦数)＝9Aρ/1000
在此公式中，A是超细纤维截面的表面积(μm2)，ρ是超细纤维的密度(g/cm3)。尼龙的应用密度为1.14，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯的应用密度为1.38。
这里，如果截面是圆形的，则可测定截面直径，利用以下公式计算超细纤维的截面积A。如果截面是非圆形的，则直接用图像分析仪等测量截面积。
如果截面是圆形，则有：
截面积(μm2)＝πD2/4
超细纤维数
从制备的人造革用的复合片中取一股构成机织或针织织物层(2)的纱，在其上涂布金涂层。然后用扫描电子显微镜拍摄机织或针织织物层(2)中一股纱的截面照片，数出照片中超细纤维的数目。
缝合强度
用人造革用的复合片制备2块试样，每片纵向长100mm，横向宽100mm。一块试样的一端叠在另一块试样的一端上。然后缝合(*)折叠部分，它距离每块试样的端部10mm，分别在纵向和横向上形成2组试样。缝合强度的测试条件为：夹子距离为76.2mm(3英寸)，夹子上下部分的尺寸均为长20mm、宽30mm，拉伸速度为200mm/min。两个方向上的测量结果平均，作为复合片的“缝合强度”，单位为kg/mm，分子为悬垂重量，分母为复合片纤度。
*用高韧性尼龙纱作为缝合纱，缝合距离为4mm。在普通缝合纱中，高韧性尼龙纱具有约200旦的高强度。它的抗张强度必须大于试样，而且不能改变测试结果。此外，用缝合纱缝合时，缝合线要在相反的两端牢固打结，该缝合纱切断时要留出较长一段线，防止松开。
恒负载下的伸长率
将人造革用的复合片沿纵向和横向切出三个宽50mm、长250mm的试样，沿中心线标出100mm标准长度。将这些试样安装在疲劳实验机(*)上，夹子距离为150mm，将8kg载重(包括下面夹子的重量)小心悬挂在试样上，保持10分钟。载重悬挂10分钟后，测定标准长度(l0)，然后用以下公式计算恒负载下的伸长率：
恒负载伸长率(％)＝l0-100
在此公式中，l0代表悬挂8kg载重10分钟后的标准长度(mm)。
*用Marlens疲劳实验机。
硬挺度
沿纵向和横向截取5个试样，每个宽25mm，长200mm。将试样放在光滑水平桌面上，在桌面指向端有一个45度的斜面，顶面有一个标尺，使试样短边与标尺基线对齐。然后用与试样等大的压板压着试样，让其向斜面滑动，速度约为10mm/sec，当试样一端接触斜面时，可以从标尺上读出试样另一端的位置。硬挺度用试样从基线的移动距离(mm)表示。测定每块试样正面和背面的硬挺度，分别求出5块试样正反两面沿纵向和横向测定结果的平均值。
表面状态(外观/色差)
表面状态由10人小组评定。超过8个人评定为好的表面状态记为“◎”；六七个人评定为好的表面状态记为“◇”；四五个人评定为好的表面状态记为“△”；三个或少于三个的人评定为好的织物表面状态记为“×”。
附图简介
本发明优选实施方式的上述及其他特点和优点将在下面结合附图进行更详细的阐述。
图1是本发明人造革用的复合片的截面扫描电子显微镜图；
图2是本发明人造革用的复合片的截面示意图，其中机织或针织织物层(2)的超细纤维的旦数小于非织造织物层(1)的超细纤维的旦数；
图3是本发明人造革用的复合片的截面示意图，其中机织或针织织物层(2)的超细纤维的旦数等于非织造织物层(1)的超细纤维的旦数；
图4是本发明人造革用的复合片的截面示意图，其中机织或针织织物层(2)的超细纤维的旦数大于非织造织物层(1)的超细纤维的旦数。
※图中主要部分所标数字的说明：
1：用超细纤维制备的非织造织物层
1a：非织造织物层的超细纤维
2：用超细纤维制备的机织或针织织物层
2a：机织或针织织物层的超细纤维，其旦数小于机织或针织织物层超细纤维
2b：机织或针织织物层的超细纤维，其旦数等于机织或针织织物层超细纤维
2c：机织或针织织物层的超细纤维，其旦数大于机织或针织织物层超细纤维
3：超细纤维和聚氨酯树脂合并后的面积
本发明优选实施方式
下面将结合实施例详细描述本发明，但本发明不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例1
用70wt％对苯二甲酸乙二酯作为成纤组分和30wt％共聚聚酯作为萃取组分，通过纺纱和拉伸制备其纤度为3旦，可转化为一束细纤维的海岛型连续复合纤维。此时，连续纤维单丝中包含16根超细纤维(成纤组分)。用这样获得的可转化为一束细纤维的复合纤维制备短纤维，方法是将其切割成40mm长，并使之卷曲。另一部分在制备机织织物时用作经纱和纬纱，其经纱密度为100根纱/英寸，经纱密度为80根纱/英寸，加捻成连续纤维形式后重量为100g/yd，在捻纱机中每米加捻2500捻时总纤度为75旦。利用交叉梳理研磨工艺使上述短纤维形成网，此网在制备非织造织物过程中通过针刺与机织织物结合，从而形成复合片。接着，将10％聚乙烯醇水溶液填装在非织造织物和机织或针织织物的复合片上并干燥，使其百分含量相对于纤维重量为10％。然后将此复合片浸在15％浸渍液中，该浸渍液的制备是对聚醚二聚酯共聚二醇型的聚氨酯弹性体在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的溶液进行稀释。再在水溶液中凝结聚氨酯，用70℃水热溶液洗涤，除去聚乙烯醇聚合物，并干燥。干燥后的聚氨酯含量为25wt％。将由上述纤维和聚氨酯制备的复合片转化为一束细纤维，方法是在100℃10％氢氧化钠水溶液中连续处理复合片，完全除去海面组分即共聚聚酯，只留下海岛组分即聚酯细纤维组分。此时，非织造织物层中纤维和机织织物层中的超细纤维的纤度均为0.13旦，构成机织织物丝的超细纤维数目为400。接着，切下一部分超细纤维，利用粒度为#240的砂纸打磨，使之突起，从而获得绒毛。然后在高压快速染色机中用固色能力良好的分散体染料对所得复合片染色。还原复合片，清洁、干燥。紧接着进行疏水和抗静电处理，以及绒尖软化处理，由此制备人造革用的绒面型复合片。对所得人造革用的复合片的物理性质进行测定，其结果示于表2。
实施例2-5
按照实施例所述方法制备人造革用的复合片，不同之处在于按表1改变非织造织物超细纤维旦数、构成机织织物的纱的超细纤维旦数、构成机织织物的纱的捻数和构成机织织物的纱的超细纤维旦数。测定它们的物理性质，结果示于表2。
表1制备条件
    非织造织物中超细纤维的旦数(旦)     机织织物丝
    超细纤维的旦数     超细纤维数     捻数
实施例1     0.13     0.13     400     2500
实施例2     0.15     0.07     900     2000
实施例3     0.07     0.07     3600     1000
实施例4     0.07     0.04     900     600
实施例5     0.20     0.13     1500     3000
比较例1
按照实施例所述方法制备人造革用的复合片，不同之处在于用75旦/24丝(单丝旦数：3.16旦)的聚酯复丝作为机织织物的经线和纬线。测定其物理性质，结果示于表2。
比较例2
按照实施例所述方法制备人造革用的复合片，不同之处在于用75旦/24丝(单丝旦数：3.16旦)的聚酰胺复丝作为机织织物的经线和纬线。测定其物理性质，结果示于表2。
表2物理性质测定结果
    缝合强度(kg/m)     恒负载下伸长率(％)     硬挺度(mm)     表面状态(外观、色差)
  实施例1     65     3.5     49     ◎
  实施例2     62     4.8     42     ◇
  实施例3     61     7     38     ◎
  实施例4     48     12     27     ◇
  实施例5     45     2.7     58     ◇
  比较例1     59     5     86     ×
  比较例2     25     22     73     △
工业应用
由于本发明的人造革用的复合片包含由纤度小于0.3旦的超细纤维纱组成的机织或针织织物层(2)，而此机织或针织织物层(2)的超细纤维与非织造织物层(1)的超细纤维缠结在一起，它的伸长率小，形状稳定性好。
至于形状稳定性，本发明的人造革用的复合片在恒负载下的伸长率小于20％，因而变形不大。此外，缝合强度超过30kg/mm，因此它具有非常强的耐磨缝合特征。因而，本发明的人造革用的复合片非常适合用于生产对形状稳定性和缝合特征要求较高的汽车坐垫和家具覆盖物，以及对耐磨性要求较高的服装。
此外，构成本发明人造革用的复合片的非织造织物层(1)中的纤维和机织或针织织物层(2)中的纤维都是由小于0.3旦的超细纤维组成，因而柔软度非常好。至于柔软度，本发明人造革用的复合片的硬挺度小于80mm，因而非常柔软。
总之，由于本发明的人造革用的复合片的形状稳定性和柔软度都非常好，它适用于制备各种皮革，包括天然革、人造革和合成革，以及用于汽车坐垫、家具覆盖物和服装。

Claims (18)

1.适用于伸长率低、柔软度好的人造革的复合片，它包含：
用纤度小于0.3旦的超细纤维制备的非织造织物层(1)；
用纤度小于0.3旦的超细纤维制成的纱机织或针织成的织物层(2)；
聚氨酯树脂，
其中非织造织物层(1)的超细纤维和机织或针织织物层(2)的超细纤维彼此缠结在一起。
2.权利要求1所述复合片，其特征在于人造革用的复合片表面上的超细纤维是突起的。
3.权利要求1所述复合片，其特征在于机织或针织织物层(2)中超细纤维的纤度为大于等于0.01，小于0.3旦。
4.权利要求1所述复合片，其特征在于构成机织或针织织物层(2)的纱由200-10000根超细纤维组成。
5.权利要求1所述复合片，其特征在于构成机织或针织织物层(2)的纱总旦数为30-150旦。
6.权利要求1所述复合片，其特征在于构成机织或针织织物层(2)的纱的捻数为500-700捻/m。
7.权利要求1所述复合片，其特征在于构成机织或针织织物层(2)的纱的捻数为700-2500捻/m。
8.权利要求1所述复合片，其特征在于构成机织或针织织物层(2)的纱的捻数为2500-4000捻/m。
9.权利要求1所述复合片，其特征在于构成机织或针织织物层(2)的纱是短细纱或连续丝纱。
10.权利要求1所述复合片，其特征在于构成机织或针织织物层(2)的纱是聚酯基树脂或尼龙基树脂。
11.权利要求1所述复合片，其特征在于机织或针织织物层(2)的重量为30-200g/m2。
12.权利要求1所述复合片，其特征在于机织或针织织物层(2)的经纱和纬纱的密度超过40纱/英寸。
13.适用于伸长率低、柔软度好的人造革的复合片，它包含：
用超细纤维制备的非织造织物层(1)；
由用超细纤维制成的纱机织或针织成的织物层(2)；
聚氨酯树脂，
其中非织造织物层(1)的超细纤维和机织或针织织物层(2)的超细纤维彼此缠结在一起，机织或针织织物层(2)的超细纤维的纤度不超过非织造织物层(1)的超细纤维的纤度。
14.权利要求13所述复合片，其特征在于人造革用的复合片表面上的超细纤维是突起的。
15.权利要求13所述复合片，其特征在于非织造织物层(1)与机织或针织织物层(2)的重量比为90∶10至50∶50。
16.权利要求13所述复合片，其特征在于超细纤维与聚氨酯树脂的重量比为90∶10至50∶50。
17.适用于伸长率低、柔软度好的人造革的复合片，它包含：
用超细纤维制备的非织造织物层(1)；
由用超细纤维制成的纱机织或针织成的织物层(2)；
聚氨酯树脂，
其中非织造织物层(1)的超细纤维和机织或针织织物层(2)的超细纤维彼此缠结在一起，所述复合片的缝合强度超过30kg/mm，恒负载下的伸长率小于20％，硬挺度小于80mm。
18.权利要求17所述复合片，其特征在于人造革用的复合片表面上的超细纤维是突起的。
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CN109154135A (zh) * 2018-02-05 2019-01-04 浙江梅盛新材料有限公司 一种超细纤维面料及其制造工艺

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