CN1280210A - 含β相镍铝的涂层 - Google Patents

含β相镍铝的涂层 Download PDF

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CN1280210A
CN1280210A CN00118099.1A CN00118099A CN1280210A CN 1280210 A CN1280210 A CN 1280210A CN 00118099 A CN00118099 A CN 00118099A CN 1280210 A CN1280210 A CN 1280210A
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coating
nial
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CN1250771C (zh
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M·纳兹米
H·J·施穆茨勒
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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ABB Alstom Power Switzerland Ltd
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种γ母料中含大体积含量,优选20—90%(体积)NiAl-β相的涂层,其特征在于下列提高涂层可延展性的微合金元素(以%(重量)计):Fe0.1—8和/或Mo0.1—8和/或Ga0.1—8,而且Fe、Mo和Ga的总含量最大为10%。可补充添加小含量Zr、C和/或B,这些元素增强β/γ相界。

Description

含β相镍铝的涂层
本发明涉及材料工艺领域,它涉及一种涂层,该涂层的γ母料中含大体积含量的NiAl-β相,其含量优选在20-90%(体积)范围内。
已知多种合金用作涂覆,例如汽轮机部件。汽轮机部件,例如汽轮机叶片,须在高温下运行,因而应使用涂层防止氧化和腐蚀。
为了充分发挥高温下提高汽轮机工作效率和基材(例如单晶或定向凝结的微晶体结构)的优良机械性质的优势,须使涂层材料不仅能防止基材氧化和腐蚀,而且不使基材的机械性质受到影响。对于涂层材料而言,特别应具有低的韧-脆过渡温度(Ductile Brittle TransitionTemperature-DBTT),从而在较低温度下具有一定的可延展性。
遗憾的是,迄今已知的涂层不具备这些特点。
例如US 5,943,138叙述了一种涂层,该涂层是一种典型的添加了钇和硅的Ni基超合金(单晶合金)。这些元素虽然能改善蠕变强度和导致低的韧-脆过渡温度,但所含的其它元素W,Mo和少量Cr和Co对抗氧化性具有负作用。
虽然,近年开发的高强NiAl-合金能在一定程度上与Ni基合金抗衡,但其缺点在于,与可延展的高韧性Ni基超合金相比,它具有较低的韧性和较高的DBT-温度(R.Dariola:NiAl for Turbine AirfoilApplication,Structural Intermetallics,The Minerals,Metals &Materials Society,1993,第495-504页),这种合金在低温下呈现低的延展性。该NiAl合金的β相具有规则的立方B2晶格(CsCl型),并由两个简单的相交立方晶胞组成,其中Al原子占据一个子晶格的立方体角,Ni原子占据另一个子晶格的立方体角。β相较粗,因而亦脆。
US 5,116,438报导了用镓微合金化的β相NiAl金属互化物。这种合金在Ga为0.25%(原子)时室温下的可延展性有明显的改善,Ga含量增高会带来负作用。
向Ni3Al合金添加小含量硼和Hf,Zr,Fe以及这些元素的组合物,以便改善可延展性的报导,可从US 4,478,791和US 4,612,165获知。
本发明的目的在于改善NiAl涂层的可延展性,该涂层的γ母料含有高含量的β相,而且β相可具有不同的组成,例如NiAl,NiAlCr,NiAlMo,NiAlTi。
根据本发明,此目的通过下述措施达到,含NiAl-β相的涂层含下列微合金元素:0.1-8 Fe和/或0.1-8 Mo和/或0.1-8 Ga,而且Fe,Mo和Ga的总含量最多为10%(皆以%(重量)计)。
本发明的优点在于,涂层的可延展性有实质性的改善。通过与Fe,Ga和Mo的微合金化可使β相变细,从而使可延展性提高同时不使抗氧化性下降。如果超过所给范围,则会对可延展性和抗氧化和抗腐蚀性产生不利影响。
涂层特别宜含4%(重量)的Fe、Ga、Mo。
此外还宜添加少量B(0.0005-0.9,优选0.001-0.5%(重量)),Zr(0.0005-1.0,优选0.001-0.5%(重量)),和/或C(0.0005-0.8,优选最大0.5%(重量)),B、Zr和C增强晶界和β/γ相界。
附图展现了本发明的几个实施方案。
图1合金VL1(当前技术)的力-弯曲图;
图2本发明第一实施方案的合金L11的力-弯曲图;
图3本发明第二实施方案的合金L12的力-弯曲图;
图4本发明第三实施方案的合金L13的力-弯曲图;
图5合金VL2(现有技术)的力-弯曲图;
图6本发明一个实施方案的合金L/21的力-弯曲图;
图7合金VL3(当前技术)的力-弯曲图;
图8本发明一个实施方案的合金L31的力-弯曲图。
下面将按照实施例子和图1-8对本发明作较详细的解释。
按照本发明进行微合金化的涂层材料在γ母料中含大含量NiAl-β相,对可延展性的影响通过试样展现,材料经熔化然后锻造制成尺寸为7×2×35mm3的试样条,其中NiAl-β的体积含量约为40-70%。
200℃下对这些试样进行三点弯曲试验,测得塑性变形值,该值是涂层可延展性的尺度。
下列合金作为对比材料(以%(重量)计):
表1:对比合金
 Ni  Cr  Co  Al   Y  Si  Hf  Ta  Re
     VL1   余量  13  24  12 0.3 1.2 - 0.5   3
     VL2   余量  13  30 11.5 0.3 1.2 - 0.5 -
     VL3   余量  22  35  10   1 - - - -
按照本发明将对比合金VL1、VL2、VL3用Zr、B和Fe微合金化,分别制成下列合金(以%(重量)计),同样在200℃下对这些试样进行三点弯曲试验,得到塑性变形数据:
表2:本发明的合金(改进后的对比合金)
According to Table 1  Zr  B  Fe
    L11    VL1   0.2   0.05   4
    L12    VL1   0.2 -   3
    L13    VL1   0.2 -   4
    L21    VL2   0.2 -   3
    L31    VL3   0.2 -   3
图1表示代表现有技术的已知对比合金VL1的力-弯曲图,试样的塑性弯曲小并在约1kN的力作用下断裂。
图2表示本发明的合金L11(对比合金VL1用0.2%(重量)Zr,0.05%(重量)B和4%(重量)Fe微合金化)的力-弯曲图。试样与VL1相比,塑性弯曲有实质性增加,并约在1.2kN下才断裂。
虽然VL1的韧-脆过渡温度大于300℃,但合金L11的韧-脆过渡温度有实质性的降低(200℃)。
如果采用合金L12(组成与L11相近,但未添加硼,Fe只占3%(重量)),图3的力-弯曲图与图2相比,塑性弯曲稍有降低,但试样断裂的力约为1.3kN,稍有增高。
图4表示合金L13(组成与L12相近,但Fe为4%(重量)),这里塑性弯曲仍稍高,断裂的力约为1.8kN。
通过加Fe、Zr和B的微合金化,有可能使含NiAl-β相涂层的延展性得到提高。微合金元素使粗的β相变细,B、Zr和C增强晶界和β/γ相界。
微合金元素Zr和Fe对对比合金VL2的可延展性有更重大的影响。
按图5所示,三点弯曲试样在作用力约为0.9kN和弯曲约为1.65mm下断裂。
相反,本发明的合金L21(=VL2+0.2%(重量)Zr+3%(重量)Fe)在三点弯曲试验中,其塑性弯曲有实质性的提高,断裂只约在1.4kN力出现,其时试样的弯曲约为2.5mm。
本发明的另一实施例子示于图7和图8。对比合金VL3在作用力约为2kN和弯曲为1.7mm下断裂,而本发明的合金L31,该合金与VL3的区别在于它用3%(重量)Fe和0.2 %(重量)Zr补充微合金化,断裂时的弯曲约为2.2mm。因此,涂层合金的塑性变形和可延展性可通过添加这些辅助元素而得到决定性的提高。通过NiAl-相的延展,撕裂伸张变慢,即是说撕裂韧性提高,这对涂层的荷负行为有正面影响。
不言而喻,本发明不限于所述实施例子,它可用于所有的含β相-NiAl涂层。合金中Fe、Mo和Ga可分别在0.1-8,优选4%(重量)范围内。这些元素既可单个又可联合添加,但其总含量最大不应超过10%(重量)。上述元素使β相变细,从而使可延展性提高,而又不使抗氧化性降低。如果超出给定范围,则会对可延展性和抗氧化和腐蚀性产生不良影响。
除了在所述实例中添加Zr和B之外,亦可添加C作β/γ相界增强剂。拟添加0.0005-0.9,优选0.001-0.5%(重量)B,0.0005-1.0,优选0.001-0.5%(重量)Zr和0.0005-0.8%(重量)C。相界增强剂B、C和Zr可单个或联合添加。

Claims (15)

1.γ母料中含有20-90%(体积)含量的NiAl-β的NiAl-β相涂层,其特征在于,下列微合金元素(以%(重量)计):0.1-8 Fe和/或0.1-8 Mo和/或0.1-8 Ga,而且Fe、Mo和Ga的总含量最大为10%。
2.权利要求1的含NiAl-β相涂层,其特征在于,(以%(重量)计)Fe最大4和/或Mo最大4和/或Ga最大4。
3.权利要求1或2的含NiAl-β相涂层,其特征在于,Zr量为0.0005-1.0%(重量)。
4.权利要求3的含NiAl-β相的涂层,其特征在于,Zr量为0.001-0.5%(重量)。
5.权利要求3的含NiAl-β相的涂层,其特征在于,Zr量为0.2%(重量)。
6.权利要求1或2的含NiAl-β相的涂层,其特征在于,B含量为0.0005-0.9%(重量)。
7.权利要求6的含NiAl-β相的涂层,其特征在于,B含量为0.001-0.5%(重量)。
8.权利要求6的含NiAl-β相涂层,其特征在于,B含量为0.2%(重量)。
9.权利要求1或2的含NiAl-β相涂层,其特征在于,C含量为0.0005-0.8%(重量)。
10.权利要求9的含NiAl-β相涂层,其特征在于,C含量为0.5%(重量)。
11.权利要求3和6的含NiAl-β相涂层,其特征在于(以%(重量)计)Cr 13、Co 24、Al 12、Y 0.3、Si 1.2、Ta 0.5、Re 3、Zr 0.2、B 0.05、Fe 4,其余Ni。
12.权利要求3的含NiAl-β相涂层,其特征在于(以%(重量)计)Cr 13、Co 24、Al 12、Y 0.3、Si 1.2、Ta 0.5、Re 3、Zr 0.2、Fe 4,其余为Ni。
13.权利要求3的含NiAl-β相涂层,其特征在于(以%(重量)计)C 13、Co 24、Al 12、Y 0.3、Si 1.2、Ta 0.5、Re 3、Zr 0.2、Fe 3,其余为Ni。
14.权利要求3的含NiAl-β相涂层,其特征在于(以%(重量)计)Cr 13、Co 30、Al 11.5、Y 0.3、Si 1.2、Ta 0.5、Zr 0.2、Fe 3,其余为Ni。
15.权利要求3的含NiAl-β相涂层,其特征在于(以%(重量)计)Cr 22、Co 35、Al 10、Y 1、Zr 0.2、Fe 3,其余为Ni。
CN00118099.1A 1999-06-08 2000-06-08 含β相镍铝的涂层 Expired - Fee Related CN1250771C (zh)

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DE19926669.7 1999-06-08
DE19926669A DE19926669A1 (de) 1999-06-08 1999-06-08 NiAl-beta-Phase enthaltende Beschichtung

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CN101638376B (zh) * 2008-07-29 2011-04-27 江苏恩华药业股份有限公司 阿戈美拉汀的制备方法及其中间体
CN101307442B (zh) * 2002-06-27 2012-04-11 通用电气公司 承受高温的物件的制造方法
CN105624658A (zh) * 2014-10-31 2016-06-01 中国科学院金属研究所 一种活性元素改性铝化物涂层及其制备工艺

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KR100911788B1 (ko) * 2007-02-13 2009-08-12 레이몬드 친 금속 비점착 코팅을 갖는 요리 식기 및 이의 제조 방법
CN101638376B (zh) * 2008-07-29 2011-04-27 江苏恩华药业股份有限公司 阿戈美拉汀的制备方法及其中间体
CN105624658A (zh) * 2014-10-31 2016-06-01 中国科学院金属研究所 一种活性元素改性铝化物涂层及其制备工艺
CN105624658B (zh) * 2014-10-31 2017-12-15 中国科学院金属研究所 一种活性元素改性铝化物涂层及其制备工艺

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EP1061150A2 (de) 2000-12-20
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CN1250771C (zh) 2006-04-12
EP1061150B1 (de) 2005-10-19
DE50011352D1 (de) 2006-03-02
US6471791B1 (en) 2002-10-29
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DE19926669A1 (de) 2000-12-14

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