CN1263701A

CN1263701A - Breeding method for hybridized rice

Info

Publication number: CN1263701A
Application number: CN 99101907
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄大年; 钱前
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1999-01-27
Filing date: 1999-01-27
Publication date: 2000-08-23

Abstract

A breeding method for hybridized rice includes such steps as selecting male parent and female parent, treating female parent with chemical insecticide, introducing herbicide-resistant gene to male parent, hybridizing in the ear and florescence period of femal parent to obtain mixed allocrossing/selfing rice seeds, sowing, breeding, killing self bred rice plants with herbicide, and obtaining hybridized rice seeds. Its advantages are conenient mating and high hybridization purity.

Description

Hybrid rice seed breeding process

The present invention relates to the producing method for seed of paddy rice cross breeding, particularly combine, the method for production high-purity double-linear hybrid rice seeds by chemical emasculation method and gene leading-in technique.

The hybrid vigour of crops is positive, and heterotic utilization and its seeding technique are closely related.Can the difficulty or ease of producing method for seed, the purity of hybrid seed have all directly determined hybrid vigour apply on producing.The paddy rice ternary hybridization method is comparatively cumbersome, though and the paddy rice double-line hybrid breeding can be simplified production of hybrid seeds program, seed production purity is on the low side, applies so far to have greater risk.The paddy rice chemical emasculation is used for hybrid rice can make full use of hybrid vigour, can be for the desirable male sterilant of breeding of hybrid rice use but also do not screen one so far.Its reason is that chemical emasculation is not thorough.For example, with a kind of hybridizing rate is that 80% male sterilant is handled the paddy rice maternal plant, 80% of the male powder of maternal plant can only be killed, award male powder again with the paddy rice paternal plant, hybridize, self-fertility forms so-called pseudostationary because the male powder of maternal plant 20% is killed, and makes the purity of actual hybridization only reach 80%.Just the data of report shows that paddy rice is through chemical emasculation at present, and its purity of hybrid seeding is the highest can only to be reached about 82-90%, and such purity can't adopt in hybrid rice produces.

The objective of the invention is to for utilizing the beneficial characteristics of paddy rice chemical emasculation, and overcome it and kill male halfway defective, a kind of high hybrid rice seed breeding process of purity of hybridizing is provided.

The technical solution of hybrid rice seed breeding process of the present invention comprises chooses maternal kind of paddy rice and male parent kind, cultivates paddy rice maternal plant and paternal plant, and with male sterilant maternal plant is done to kill male the processing, it is characterized in that:

1. anti-herbicide gene is imported the immature embryo of described paternal plant,, obtain having the paddy rice paternal plant of antiweed characteristic, use for hybridization through seed selection;

2. award the paternal plant pollen that has the antiweed characteristic with described at described maternal plant full heading time, hybridize, after the paddy rice maturation of hybridization, gather in the crops, get different friendship/selfing mixing seed rice seed;

3. described mixing seed rice seed is sowed, grown seedlings, impose weed killer herbicide, kill the selfing rice seedling in the rice shoot, the different friendship rice seedling that survives is cultivated ripe back results, acquisition hybrid rice variety in the seedling growth phase.

Below technical solution of the present invention is described further:

1. it is better according to parents' comprehensive proterties to choose paddy rice female parent and male parent kind, and outstanding complementary advantage is arranged, can improve or improve hybrid vigour, and stronger annidation is arranged according to parents, breeding objectives such as tool wide compatibility, hybrid combination is joined in examination, therefrom seeks out the strongest hybrid combination of advantage after the hybridization, as for examination father, maternal kind.

2. chemical emasculation handle the paddy rice maternal plant main at present use " change and kill No. 1 " arranged is methylarsonic acid zinc (CH ₃ASO ₃ZnH ₂O), " changing and kill No. 2 " is sodium methanearsonate (CH ₃ASO ₃Na ₂) and " change and kill No. 3 " (still unexposed and unknown its molecular formula) male sterilant.Killing male suitable period of handling maternal plant is that pollen mother cell meiosis is to the fovilla influx time.If judge from rice strain external form, then with the external form of sword-like leave stretching process, be characterized as index, promptly maternal rice strain is effectively killed the male phase and is started from " leaf is half-open " or " pulvinus is flat ", ends at " luxuriant breach " or " bud shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally " period.Effectively killed male phase 5-7 days, but also different different because of kind, it is 1-3 days that the best is killed male fate.For ease of grasping, generally earing to spray in preceding 15 days in maternal rice strain gets final product.Spray and kill too early malely, often cause that bag neck, not busy grain husk, florescence postpone, cross that then hero is not thorough extremely late.The used drug concentration of chemical emasculation is controlled at 0.015-0.02% (V/V) for suitable, and every mu sprays this concentration medicament 150-200 kilogram.

3. anti-herbicide gene imports paddy rice paternal plant applying gene rifle conversion method anti-herbicide gene is imported screening and the plant regeneration of paternal plant immature embryo through resistant calli, pass through a series of seed selections again, the finally male parent rice strain that had not only been kept former male parent seed rice characteristic but also had the antiweed characteristic is used for the preparing hybrid combination.

4. hybridizing, get rid of selfed seed and chemical emasculation seed production purity is determined at the described maternal rice strain full heading time of handling through chemical emasculation and awards the male pollen of male parent rice strain that has anti-herbicide gene with described, the ripe results of hybridization.The seed rice of results except that containing different friendship seed rice, also contains maternal rice strain because of killing the not thorough and self-fruitful selfing seed rice of hero, is a kind of different friendship/selfing mixing seed rice.Should mix seed rice sowing rice seedling bed, wait to grow to 4 leaf phases, spray with weed killer herbicide, after this, the rice seedling that all selfing seed rice are bred is all killed by weed killer herbicide, and the rice seedling that different friendship seed rice is bred, do not killed owing to have the antiweed characteristic, survive in safety by weed killer herbicide.To survive rice seedling and migrate to land for growing field crops or greenhouse, cultivate ripe back results, obtain hybridizing the paddy rice seed of purity 100%.This seed rice has strong hybrid vigour.The statistics plant experimentally total rice strain, survive the rice strain and, try to achieve chemical emasculation production of hybrid seeds percent purity easily by the number of weeding glare rice strain.

The present invention makes the paddy rice double-line hybrid owing to adopt chemical emasculation to handle maternal rice strain with the method that the strain of anti-herbicide gene importing male parent rice combines, after the different friendship of gained/selfing mixing seed rice is grown seedlings, impose weed killer herbicide, remove the selfing rice seedling, staying the different friendship rice seedling that survives cultivates ripe solid, obtain pure different friendship seed rice, thereby overcome the paddy rice cross breeding production of hybrid seeds and thoroughly do not caused hybridizing the low defective of purity because of maternal rice strain chemical emasculation, can make the paddy rice cross breeding seed production purity reach 100%, hybrid vigour is fully used in Rice Production, improves rice yield and quality.The present invention has utilized the beneficial characteristics of paddy rice cross breeding production of hybrid seeds chemical emasculation, overcome the defective that chemical emasculation exists simultaneously, can make the paddy rice two line method hybridize the large scale application of made seed rice energy in Rice Production, thereby can simplify paddy rice cross breeding production of hybrid seeds program, and make the hybridization combo freer, more convenient, avoid the cumbersome of the Three-line Hybrid production of hybrid seeds.

The following describes embodiments of the present invention.

(a) selection is through the paddy rice female parent * male parent kind that strong heterosis, hybrid vigor is arranged of conventional breeding discovery, as " narrow leaf green grass or young crops " * " IR661 ", " the steel branch accounts for " * " Deqing accounts for greatly ", " IR24 " * " offering party No. 1 ", " precious No. 10 of north " * " Cuba 167 ", " the short 16-4 in field * osmanthus court ", " short pool bamboo " * " IR24 ".(b) in " IR661 ", " Deqing accounts for greatly ", " offering party No. 1 ", " Cuba 167 ", " osmanthus court " or " IR24 " paternal plant, import one of weed killer herbicide gene " bar ", " anti-farming reaches " or " anti-sulfonylureas " with particle bombardment, obtain " IR661 ", " Deqing accounts for greatly ", " offering party No. 1 ", " Cuba 167 ", " osmanthus court " or " IR24 " new varieties of antiweeds through a series of seed selections.(c) compound concentration is paddy rice male sterilant " change is killed No. 1 " (CH of 0.015-0.025% (V/V) ₃ASO ₃ZnH ₂O) or " change kill No. 2 " (CH ₃ASO ₃Na ₂) or " change kill No. 3 " (still unexposed and unknown its molecular formula), earing in maternal rice strain sprayed male gametocide in preceding 15 days, and a general maternal plant sprays the male gametocide that 10ml prepares, and the thin person of spraying point is for well; Spray the male gametocide 150-200 kilogram of described concentration for every mu of long-grained nonglutinous rice, the japonica rice amount of spraying is identical with it or can be more lower slightly.(d) through killing the male maternal rice strain of handling in (this moment stigma appearing of blooming the most productive period, the flowers are in blossom that the subtended angle degree is big for grain husk) in time award male parent rice strain pollen with described a kind of antiweed, to guarantee that maternal rice strain can obtain sufficient male parent rice strain pollen, rice strain maturation in pollination back is solid, gets different friendship/selfing mixing seed rice seed.(e) described mixing seed rice seed is sowed at the rice seedling bed, in the seeding stage herbicide spraying, kill and mix the rice shoot that the selfing seed rice is bred in the seed rice, keep the rice shoot that different friendship seed rice is bred, make hybridization purity reach 100%, can increase rice yield behind this seedling transplantation land for growing field crops, and obtain the hybrid rice variety that the present invention produces thus; Select for use weed killer herbicide to decide according to the anti-herbicide gene that the strain of male parent rice imports, anti-herbicide gene is " bar ", select weed killer herbicide " Basta " for use, anti-herbicide gene is " anti-farming reaches " or " anti-sulfonylureas ", selects weed killer herbicide " farming reaches " or " sulfonylureas " respectively for use.

Claims

1, hybrid rice seed breeding process comprises and chooses maternal kind of paddy rice and male parent kind, cultivates paddy rice maternal plant and paternal plant, and with male sterilant maternal plant is done to kill male the processing, it is characterized in that: