CN1094215A - A kind of method of cauliflower hybrid seeding - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of method of cauliflower hybrid seeding belongs to field utilizing heterosis of cauliflower.The present invention selects high-generation homozygosis self incompatible line 5-1-8-5-2-4-3 and 18-2-1-12-8-1-2 by methods such as inbreeding of more generation purifying, and the solid index of its florescence selfing and interior different friendship is almost nil.With 5-1-8-5-2-4-3 is maternal, is that male parent or reciprocal cross make crossbreed " white peak " with 18-2-1-12-8-1-2, and proposes corresponding seeding technique and high-yield culture technique.The crossbreed that makes " white peak " has precocity, heat-resisting, high yield, high-quality, and bouquet is pure white, and plant type is upright, the characteristics of wide adaptability, and per mu yield is the desirable kind that the autumn precocity is provided additional supplies about 1800 kilograms.

Description

A kind of method of cauliflower hybrid seeding

The invention belongs to field utilizing heterosis of cauliflower.

The main breed of precocious cauliflower of China's autumn is that I adopt 100,000 mu of the formulated crossbreed of self incompatible line 5-1-8-5-2-4-3 * 18-2-1-12-1-2 " white peak " year popularizing areas at present, it has replaced the precocious autumn cauliflower variety that countries such as Switzerland, Holland promote in China's large tracts of land, and this kind is liked by consumers in general deeply owing to have advantages such as precocious heat-resisting, high yield, bouquet are pure white.

The objective of the invention is to adopt the method for heterosis utilization, select cauliflower high-generation homozygosis self incompatible line and to prepare precocity, heat-resisting, high yield, colory Hybrid.

The present invention is to be female parent with high-generation homozygosis self incompatible line 5-1-8-5-2-4-3, is male parent with high-generation homozygosis self incompatible line 18-2-1-12-8-1-2, perhaps its reciprocal cross preparation " white peak " cauliflower crossbreed.It is first cauliflower crossbreed of adopting self incompatible line to prepare of China, adopts flower bud phase artificial pollination grenadine to isolate and adopts father and mother originally, and proper seeding, suitable this ratio of father and mother and field are examined the roguing measure and are adopted crossbreed.Concrete breeding line spectrogram sees Figure of description for details.

The measure of taking during hybrid seeding is as follows

1, gauze is isolated in case insect pollination is carried out strict artificial bud pollination simultaneously to gather highly purified father and mother originally in gauze, guarantees the purity of " white peak " cauliflower crossbreed.

2, proper seeding:, arrange date of seeding to be advisable with the early December sowing in optimum season and flower synchronization North China to guarantee the florescence according to the weather conditions of locality.

3, Shi Yi this ratio of father and mother: concrete ratio is that interlacing in 1: 1 is planted.

4, rational close planting: every mu 4000 strain of density when parent 5-1-8-5-2-4-3 and parent 18-2-1-12-1-2 collect seed, the hybridization generation density is every mu of 3300-3500 strain.

5, bouquet is cut in roguing: the assorted strain that does not meet parent's characteristic feature, deformity strain, diseased plant, weak strain, dial and remove, guaranteeing assorted generation seed purity, when bouquet diameter length to 10 centimetre the bouquet middle part is sliced off, each bouquet edge stays 4-5 spray.

Parent and an assorted generation " white peak " standard

One, maternal 5-1-8-5-2-4-3

1, source: from " No. 6, early blossoming " selfing offspring in 4 generations, select the not affine strain 5-1-8-5 of selfing, proceed the seed selection of 3 generations then, select 5-1-8-5-2-4-3, its pollination at florescence and be in the solid index of different friendship almost nil.

2, principal character characteristic: the strong plant of growth potential is opened a business slightly, the blade lanceolar, and the leaf edge sawtooth shape, the leaf look grayish green, and cured matter is thick, downy mildew resistance, anti-black rot.The heavy 450-500 gram of the pure white single ball of bouquet consolidation, flower is pale yellow flower, seed grain is little, the coordinate force height.

Two, male parent 18-2-1-12-8-1-2

1, source: from " Bai Qiu ", select the not affine strain 18-2-1 of selfing then through the seed selection of 4 generations, select and stablize self incompatible line 18-2-1-12-8-1-2 through 3 generations of selfing.

2, principal character characteristic: the medium plant type of growth potential is upright, the wealthy lanceolar of blade, and green cured matter is few, and the internal lobe petiole protects leaf and inwardly detains and forms nature covering bouquet.The sick ability of resisting turnip mosaic virus is stronger, and bouquet is pure white, the heavy 450-500 gram of single ball, and flower is chrysanthemum, and seed is full, and grain is big, the coordinate force height.

Three, an assorted generation " white peak "

This invention has realized the heterotic utilization of cauliflower by 5-1-8-5-2-4-3 and 18-2-1-12-8-1-2 hybridization, forms assorted generation kind " white peak ".

1, " white peak " cauliflower feature:

59 centimetres of " white peak " plant heights, strain 51 * 25 centimetres of leaf greens of 58 centimetres of maximum blades, the membranous less wide pin type that drapes over one's shoulders that is bouquet occurs about 20 leaves, and internal layer leaf button is embraced, and middle level blade upper punch makes bouquet avoid the sunlight direct projection, and topped voluntarily soft white.16.6 centimetres of bouquet diameters, 9.5 centimetres in vertical footpath, the pure white 50-55 of bouquet days maturation, the maturing stage concentrates, and has only 7-10 days, and single ball weighs 700 grams, about 1800 kilograms of per mu yields, economic benefit height.

2, " white peak " cauliflower characteristics:

(1) it is first cauliflower Hybrid that adopts the self incompatible line mating to form of China, belongs to domestic initiation.

(2) warm tolerance is strong, is to mend the vegetables good cauliflower variety in dull season in the listing of October in September.

(3) the internal lobe button is embraced middle level leaf upper punch and is formed the nature covering, and do not need manually to restraint leaf and can obtain pure white high-quality flower coconut palm ball, be desirable plant type.

(4) " white peak " is an extremely early variety, has output height ratio " Dutch snowball " volume increase 21.5-23.6%, and advantage is strong, and it is good originally to increase production 36% and 71.5% marketing quality respectively than father and mother, the economic benefit height.

Below in conjunction with narration enforcement of the present invention, introduce the cross-breeding technology and the culture technique of " white peak " in detail.

The parent propagation of " white peak " and cross-breeding technology mainly are to take safe screen covering isolation, bud pollination, proper seeding, rational close planting, the measure of suitable this ratio of father and mother and roguing, thus make parent propagation purity height, hybrid seeding output height, the hybrid rate height.

Now " white peak " parent propagation and " white peak " cross-breeding technology are described below:

(1) parent propagation:

1, gauze is isolated: owing to the parent is easy and its hybridization of the equal crop of self incompatible line, in order to obtain the higher seed of purity, must take artificial partition method not contaminated to guarantee its pistil stigma, the method that this invention adopts grenadine to isolate prevents that insect from entering pollination and keeping apart with external environment.Specific practice is: utilize the greenhouse, greenhouse frame is buckled and is connected closely gauze or ventilating opening is obturaged in case insects such as honeybee enter with grenadine.

2, bud pollination: because the parent is that self incompatible line must carry out artificial compulsory pollination flower bud phase (2-3 days big flower bud before blooming) in order to obtain seed.

3, proper seeding: daily mean temperature (18-20 ℃) the relative air humidity 40-60% that requires according to the florescence should rationally arrange sowing time, is in above-mentioned temperature and humidity condition to guarantee the florescence, and the North China can sow in early December.

(2) " white peak " first generation of hybrid producing method for seed

1, proper seeding: in order to obtain more half-blood, must be in suitable temperature and humidity conditions (daily mean temperature 16-20 ℃ of relative air humidity 45-60) florescence and avoid rainy many seasons at cloudy day, to guarantee to spend normal pollination fertilization, so just must rationally arrange sowing, if father and mother's this breeding time of difference also can originally bloom father and mother by the method for adjusting date of seeding simultaneously.

2, rational close planting: rational close planting is the high basis of grain yield, overstocked improper ventilation, and disease is serious, and management inconvenience causes the underproduction, and general every mu 4000 strain is advisable.

3, Shi Yi this ratio of father and mother: every furrow two row, delegation's male parent, the maternal ratio of delegation is 1: 1.

4, roguing: for the purity that improves hybrid should form the not phase at bouquet, the bolting phase, initial bloom stage, to not meeting the assorted strain of parent's characteristic feature, lopsided strain, diseased plant is dialled and removes, to guarantee seed production quality.

Two, the high-yield culture technique of " white peak ":

In order to obtain higher output, give full play to the hybrid vigour effect of " white peak " kind, must make the breeding good method supporting, concrete culture technique main points are as follows:

1, select fertile soil, the higher excessively drained field of physical features uses sufficient 5000 kilograms/mu of fertilizers before broadcasting, and composite fertilizer 50-60 kilogram is put in order behind the ground standby.

2, proper seeding: North China's sowing mid-June, adopt nutrition side to grow seedlings and can adopt feeding block seedlings raising conditionally, every bunch planting 2-3 grain, every mu of sowing quantity 20 grams when seedling 5-6 sheet leaf, get final product field planting mid-July.Can not control water seedling stage, otherwise occur buddingging in advance, requires seedling stage mean temperature of air more than 25 ℃, and heading stage mean temperature of air is not less than 20 ℃.

3, rational close planting: " white peak " plant type is upright, is suitable for dense planting, about general every mu of 3300-3500 strain.

4, field management: cauliflower is that happiness liquid manure crop, particularly heading stage should be strengthened liquid manure, to guarantee to form very large bouquet, can not control water control fertilizer from cultivation management, one to urge on earth otherwise the output reduction, ball phenomenon now occurs in advance.

5, strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest: the insect protected diseases prevention of regularly going and buy Chinese medicine.500 times of carbendazim, 2000 times of flolimats.

6, in time gather: white peak belongs to precocious heat resistant variety, can gather in the crops in 50-55 days after the field planting.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of cauliflower cross-breeding method, it is characterized in that with the high-generation homozygosis selfing not affinity be that 5-1-8-5-2-4-3 is a female parent, with the high-generation homozygosis selfing not affinity be that 18-2-1-12-8-1-2 is a male parent, or reciprocal cross preparing hybrid kind " white peak ", take proper seeding, gauze is isolated bud pollination, rational close planting, suitable this ratio of father and mother and impurity elimination, the measure of roguing.

2, the method for cauliflower hybrid seeding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that with selecting not affinity strain of selfing among " No. 6, early blossoming " selfing offspring in 4 generations, 5-1-8-5, proceed then 3 generation purifying, select isozygoty selfing not affinity be 5-1-8-5-2-4-3.

3, the method for cauliflower hybrid seeding according to claim 1 is characterized in that with " Bai Qiu " cauliflower therefrom selecting not affinity strain 18-2-1 of selfing through 3 generations of selfing, then through 4 generation purifying to select stable not affinity be 18-2-1-12-8-1-2.

4, the method for cauliflower hybrid seeding according to claim 1 is characterized in that isolating with grenadine, in case insect pollination, while flower bud phase pollination self is to adopt father and mother originally.

5, the method for cauliflower hybrid seeding according to claim 1 is characterized in that proper seeding, and the North China is to be advisable mid-June, and suitable this ratio of father and mother is 1: 1.

6, cauliflower cross-breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that rational close planting, and it is the 4000-4500 strain that parent 5-1-8-5-2-4-3 and parent 18-2-1-12-8-1-2 hybridization mu stay the seedling number.

7, cauliflower cross-breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that roguing, the assorted strain that does not meet parent's characteristic feature, and lopsided strain, diseased plant is dialled and removes, to guarantee parent and seed production quality.