CN1244198A - 基于α-氨基酮的可光活化的含氮碱 - Google Patents
基于α-氨基酮的可光活化的含氮碱 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1244198A CN1244198A CN98801929A CN98801929A CN1244198A CN 1244198 A CN1244198 A CN 1244198A CN 98801929 A CN98801929 A CN 98801929A CN 98801929 A CN98801929 A CN 98801929A CN 1244198 A CN1244198 A CN 1244198A
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
- base
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- general formula
- phenyl
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 thiathrenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 181
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 47
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- GJSGGHOYGKMUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxathiine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GJSGGHOYGKMUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 65
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 17
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
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- C08L91/00—Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof
- C08L91/06—Waxes
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3442—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3462—Six-membered rings
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种分子量小于1000,且含有至少一个通式(Ⅰ)的结构单元的有机化合物,其中R1为能够吸收波长范围为200—650nm光的芳族或杂芳族基团,并且这样能够使相邻碳-氮键裂解。该类化合物用作碱催化反应的光引发剂。本发明的其它主题为包括含有通式Ⅰ结构单元化合物的可碱聚合或交联的组合物,一种实施光化学诱导、碱催化反应的方法,以及该类化合物作为碱催化反应光引发剂的用途。
Description
本发明涉及可以以光化学方式转化为脒衍生物的α-氨基酮,它们的制备方法以及以光化学方式制备脒衍生物的方法。此外本发明的主题是包括这些α-氨基酮的可碱聚合或交联的组合物,实施光化学诱导、碱催化反应的方法,以及α-氨基酮作为碱催化反应光引发剂的用途。
特定的α-氨基酮光解为自由基以及由此引发的烯键不饱和单体或低聚体的光聚合反应早已为人们熟知,并在例如US5077402中描述过。
除了自由基可聚合的低聚体或单体之外,还公开了可碱催化的体系特别用于照相平板印刷工艺。这些体系需要通过曝光能释放出碱的光引发剂。D.R.MacKean等人,在聚合材料科学(英文)。(1992),66,237-238中报道过,例如使用特定的氨基甲酸酯作为光光引发剂光构成(photostructuring)聚酰亚胺。
的特定的α-氨基酮,通过在可见光或紫外光中暴露可以释放出脒基。该脒基具有足够的碱性能够引发大量的碱催化反应,特别是聚合反应。这类化合物具有较高的敏感性,并且通过选择取代基R1,吸收光谱可在较宽的范围内变化。
这类化合物能够制备含有保存期特别长的碱催化低聚体或单体的所谓一锅系统体系。例如聚合反应仅在曝光之后才开始。该体系可以加入少量溶剂或不加入溶剂,因为这类化合物可以溶于单体或低聚体中而不受影响,活性催化剂仅在曝光之后才形成。这些体系可以用于许多方面,例如用于磨光、涂层、模制化合物或照相平板印刷复制。
其中R1为能够吸收波长范围为200-650nm光的芳族或杂芳族基团,并且这样能够使相邻碳-氮键裂解。通式(I)结构单元的特征在于具有二价和单价的氮原子以及二价和单价的碳原子,其中氮原子是在相对于另一个氮原子的β位。至于芳族或杂芳族基团R1是指符合休克尔4n+2规则的那些基团。
通过选择芳族或杂芳族基团R1,最大吸收值可以在较宽范围内变化,因此化合物光敏性可以从紫外区转移到日光区。
其中R1为能够吸收波长范围为200-650nm光的芳族或杂芳族基团,并且这样能够使相邻碳-氮键裂解;R2和R3彼此单独为氢、C1-C18烷基、C3-C18链烯基、C3-C18炔基或苯基,以及如果R2为氢或C1-C18烷基,则R3还可以为-CO-R14,其中R14为C1-C18烷基或苯基;或者R1和R3,连同羰基和与R3相连的C原子一起形成苯并环戊酮基;
R5为C1-C18烷基或NR15R16;
R4,R6,R7,R15和R16彼此单独为氢或C1-C18烷基;或
R4和R6一起形成C2-C12亚烷基桥或不管R4和R6如何,
R5和R7一起形成C2-C12亚烷基桥,或如果R5为NR15R16,则R16和R7一起形成C2-C12亚烷基桥。
在不同种基团中含有至多18个碳原子的烷基为支链或无支链基团,如甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,正丁基,仲丁基,异丁基,叔丁基,2-乙基丁基,正戊基,异戊基,1-甲基戊基,1,3-二甲基丁基,正己基,1-甲基己基,正庚基,异庚基,1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基,1-甲基庚基,3-甲基庚基,正辛基,2-乙基-己基,1,1,3-三甲基己基,1,1,3,3-四甲基戊基,壬基,癸基,十一烷基,1-甲基十一烷基,十二烷基,1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基己基,十三烷基,十四烷基,十五烷基,十六烷基,十七烷基,十八烷基。优选给出的是含有1-12个碳原子,尤其是含有1-6个碳原子的烷基。
含有3-18个碳原子的链烯基为支链或无支链基团,如丙烯基,2-丁烯基,3-丁烯基,异丁烯基,正-2,4-戊二烯基,3-甲基-2-丁烯基,正-2-辛烯基,正-2-十二烯基,异十二烯基,十八烯基,正-2-十八烯基或正-4-十八烯基。优选给出的是含有3-12个碳原子,尤其是含有3-6个碳原子的链烯基。
含有3-18个碳原子的炔基为支链或无支链基团,如丙炔基(-CH2-C≡CH),2-丁炔基,3-丁炔基,正-2-辛炔基或正-2-十八炔基。优选给出的是含有3-12个碳原子,尤其是含有3-6个碳原子的炔基。
C2-C12亚烷基桥为亚乙基,亚丙基,亚丁基,亚戊基,亚己基,亚庚基,亚辛基,亚壬基,亚癸基,亚十一烷基或亚十二烷基。
R1优选为未被取代或被如下基团一次或多次取代的芳族基,这些基团为C1-C18烷基、C3-C18链烯基、C3-C18炔基、C1-C18卤代烷基、NO2、NR8R9、N3、OH、CN、OR10、SR10、,C(O)R11、C(O)OR12或卤素,即所述R1选自苯基、萘基、菲基、蒽基、芘基、5,6,7,8-四氢-2-萘基、5,6,7,8-四氢-1-萘基、噻吩基、萘并[b]噻吩基、萘并[2,3-b]噻吩基、thiathrenyl、二苯并呋喃基、苯并吡喃基、占吨基、噻吨基、氧硫杂蒽基(phenoxathiinyl)、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吲嗪基、异吲哚基、吲哚基、吲唑基、嘌呤基、喹嗪基、异喹啉基、喹啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基、1,5-二氮杂萘基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、1,2-二氮杂萘基、蝶啶基、咔唑基、β-咔啉基、菲啶基、吖啶基、萘嵌二氮苯基、菲咯啉基、吩嗪基、异噻唑基、吩噻嗪基、异噁唑基、呋咱基、三联苯基、均二苯乙烯基、芴基或吩噁嗪基,或R1为通式A、B或C代表的基团
其中R8、R9、R10R11和R12为氢或C1-C18烷基;
R13为C1-C18烷基,C2-C18链烯基,C2-C18炔基,C1-C18卤代烷基,NO2,NR8R9,OH,CN,OR10,SR10,C(O)R11、C(O)OR12或卤素;以及n为0或1,2或3。
C1-C18烷基,C3-C18链烯基和C3-C18炔基的例子在上文已经指出。
卤素为氟,氯,溴或碘。
C1-C18卤代烷基的例子为全部或部分卤代的C1-C18烷基。这里的卤素是F,Cl,Br或I。其实例为一至十氟戊基、一至八氟丁基、一至六氟丙基、一至四氟乙基和一和二氟甲基以及相应氯、溴和碘化合物的位置异构体。优选给出的是全氟烷基。这些例子是全氟戊基、全氟丁基、全氟丙基、全氟乙基,尤其是三氟甲基。
NR8R9氨基的例子分别为单烷基或二烷基氨基如甲氨基,乙氨基,丙氨基,丁氨基,戊氨基,己氨基,十八烷基氨基,二甲基氨基,二乙基氨基,二丙基氨基,二异丙基氨基,二正丁基氨基,二异丁基氨基,二戊基氨基,二己基氨基或二至十八烷基氨基。其他二烷基氨基是两个基团彼此各自是支链或无支链的基团,例如甲基乙基氨基,甲基正丙基氨基,甲基异丙基氨基,甲基正丁基氨基,甲基异丁基氨基,乙基异丙基氨基,乙基正丁基氨基,乙基异丁基氨基,乙基叔丁基氨基,异丙基正丁基氨基或异丙基异丁基氨基。
含有至多18个碳原子的烷氧基OR10为支链或无支链基团,如甲氧基,乙氧基,丙氧基,异丙氧基,正丁氧基,异丁氧基,戊氧基,异戊氧基,己氧基,庚氧基,辛氧基,癸氧基,十四烷氧基,十六烷氧基或十八烷氧基。优选给出的是含有1-12,尤其是1-8,例如1-6个碳原子的烷氧基。
硫代烷基SR10的例子为硫甲基,硫乙基,硫丙基,硫丁基,硫戊基,硫己基,硫庚基,硫辛基或硫十八烷基,其中烷基可以是直链的或支链的。
基团R1的例子为苯基、萘基、菲基、蒽基、芘基、5,6,7,8-四氢-2-萘基、5,6,7,8-四氢-1-萘基、噻吩基、萘并[b]噻吩基、萘并[2,3-b]噻吩基、thiathrenyl、二苯并呋喃基、苯并吡喃基、占吨基、、氧硫杂蒽基(phenoxathiinyl)、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吲嗪基、异吲哚基、吲哚基、吲唑基、嘌呤基、喹嗪基、异喹啉基、喹啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基、1,5-二氮萘基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、1,2-二氮杂萘基、蝶啶基、咔唑基、β-咔啉基、菲啶基、吖啶基、萘嵌二氮苯基、菲咯啉基、吩嗪基、异噻唑基、吩噻嗪基、异噁唑基、呋咱基、联苯基、均二苯乙烯基、三联苯基、芴基、吩噁嗪基、甲氧苯基、2,4-二甲氧基苯基、2,4,6-三甲氧基苯基、溴苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、2,4,6-三甲苯基、硝基苯基、二甲氨基苯基、二乙氨基苯基、氨基苯基、二氨基苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-苯氨基-4-萘基、1-甲基萘基、2-甲基萘基、1-甲氧基-2-萘基、2-甲氧基-1-萘基、1-二甲氨基-2-萘基、1,2-二甲基-4-萘基、1,2-二甲基-6-萘基、1,2-二甲基-7-萘基、1,3-二甲基-6-萘基、1,4-二甲基-6-萘基、1,5-二甲基-2-萘基、1,6-二甲基二萘基、1-羟基-2-萘基、2-羟基-1-萘基、1,4-二羟基-2-萘基、7-菲基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基、9-蒽基、3-苯并[b]噻吩基、5-苯并[b]噻吩基、2-苯并[b]噻吩基、4-二苯并呋喃基、4,7-二苯并呋喃基、4-甲基-7-二苯并呋喃基、2-占吨基、8-甲基-2-占吨基、3-占吨基、2-氧硫杂蒽基、2,7-氧硫杂蒽基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基、5-甲基-3-吡咯基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、5-咪唑基、2-甲基-4-咪唑基、2-乙基-4-咪唑基、2-乙基-5-咪唑基、3-吡唑基、1-甲基-3-吡唑基、1-丙基-4-吡唑基、2-吡嗪基、5,6-二甲基-2-吡嗪基、2-吲嗪基、2-甲基-3-异吲哚基、2-甲基-1-异吲哚基、1-甲基-2-吲哚基、1-甲基-3-吲哚基、1,5-二甲基-2-吲哚基、1-甲基-3-吲唑基、2,7-二甲基-8-嘌呤基、2-甲氧基-7-甲基-8-嘌呤基、2-喹嗪基、3-异喹啉基、6-异喹啉基、7-异喹啉基、异喹啉基、3-甲氧基-6-异喹啉基、2-喹啉基、6-喹啉基、7-喹啉基、2-甲氧基-3-喹啉基、2-甲氧基-6-喹啉基、6-2,3-二氮杂萘基、7-2,3-二氮杂萘基、1-甲氧基-6-2,3-二氮杂萘基、1,4-二甲氧基-6-2,3-二氮杂萘基、1,8-二氮萘-2-基、2-喹喔啉基、6-喹喔啉基、2,3-二甲基-6-喹喔啉基、2,3-二甲氧基-6-喹喔啉基、2-喹唑啉基、7-喹唑啉基、2-二甲氨基-6-喹唑啉基、3-1,2-二氮杂萘基、6-1,2-二氮杂萘基、7-1,2-二氮杂萘基、3-甲氧基-7-1,2-二氮杂萘基、2-蝶啶基、6-蝶啶基、7-蝶啶基、6,7-二甲氧基-2-蝶啶基、2-咔唑基、3-咔唑基、9-甲基-2-咔唑基、9-甲基-3-咔唑基、β-咔啉-3-基、1-甲基-β-咔啉-3-基、1-甲基-β-咔啉-6-基、3-菲啶基、2-吖啶基、3-吖啶基、2-萘嵌二氮苯基、1-甲基-5-萘嵌二氮苯基、5-菲咯啉基、6-菲咯啉基、1-吩嗪基、2-吩嗪基、3-异噻唑基、4-异噻唑基、5-异噻唑基、2-吩噻嗪基、3-吩噻嗪基、10-甲基-3-吩噻嗪基、3-异噁唑基、4-异噁唑基、5-异噁唑基、4-甲基-3-呋咱基、2-吩噁嗪基或10-甲基-2-吩噁嗪基。
被取代一次或多次的基团,例如是被取代1-5次,1-4次或3次,2次或一次。
特别优选的R1为丙基、萘基、芘基、噻吨基或吩噻嗪基,其中每个基团为未取代或被C1-C18烷基、C1-C18卤代烷基、NR8R9、CN、NO2、N3、SR10或OR10取代一次或多次,或者R1为通式A、B或C所表示的基团
其中n是0,基团R8、R9、R10和R13定义同上。
其他特别优选的化合物为其中R1为苯基、萘基、蒽基、噻吨基、二苯并呋喃基或芘基的化合物,苯基、萘基、蒽基、噻吨基和芘基为未被取代或被CN、NR8R9、NO2、卤素、N3、CF3、SR10或OR10取代一次或多次,或者R1为通式A、B或C所表示的基团。
其中n是0,基团R8、R9、R10和R13定义同上。
其中n是0。R2和R3彼此单独为氢或C1-C6烷基。同样优选的是R4和R6一起形成C2-C6亚烷基桥。
优选的R5和R7形成C2-C6亚烷基桥或,如果R5为NR15R16,则R16和R7一起形成C2-C6亚烷基桥。
R7优选与R5一起形成C2-C6亚烷基桥或R7为在N原子α位分支的C1-C18烷基。
通式(II)化合物中特别优选的一类是其中R1为苯基、萘基、蒽基、噻吨基、二苯并呋喃基或芘基,苯基为未被取代或被CN、NR8R9、NO2、N3、卤素、CF3、SR10或OR10取代一次或多次的化合物,或者R1为通式A、B或C所示基团的化合物,
n是0,基团R8、R9、R10和R13为氢或C1-C14烷基;
R2和R3为氢或C1-C6烷基;或R1和R3,连同羰基和与R3相连的C原子一起形成苯并环戊酮基;
R4,R6和R7彼此单独为氢或C1-C6烷基;
R5为C1-C6烷基或NR15R16,其中R15和R16为氢或C1-C6烷基;或
R4和R6一起形成C2-C6亚烷基桥;或不管R4和R6如何,
R5和R7一起形成C2-C6亚烷基桥,或如果R5为NR15R16,则R16和R7一起形成C2-C6亚烷基桥。
其中R1定义同上,包括优选的定义,而卤素为F,Cl,Br或I,优选Br。
其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6和R7定义同上,包括优选的定义,以及卤素为F,Cl,Br或I。
反应可以按照常用的方法进行。优选使用溶剂或溶剂混合物,例如烃类(苯,甲苯,二甲苯)、卤代烃类(二氯甲烷,氯仿,四氯化碳,氯苯)、链烷醇(甲醇,乙醇,乙二醇一甲醚)和醚类(乙醚,丁醚,乙二醇二甲醚)或其混合物。
反应可以在-10℃-+100℃的温度范围内进行。优选在10℃-50℃下进行。
本发明也提供了制备通式(VII)化合物的方法其中包括将通式(II)化合物
在以波长为200nm-650nm的光暴光。反应优选在溶剂或溶剂混合物中进行。通式(II)化合物的浓度优选调节到使得几乎所有的光在反应容器中被吸收。
反应溶液优选进行搅拌,如需要在暴光过程中进行冷却。
合适的溶剂在上文中已经列出。
此外本发明还提供组合物,其中包括
A)至少一种含有通式(I)结构单元的化合物和
B)至少一种能够进行碱催化加成反应或取代反应的有机化合物。
优选给出的组合物包括作为组分A)的有机组分,其中通式(I)的结构单元含有通式(II)化合物
其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6和R7定义同上,包括它们的优选定义。
可以以低分子量的化合物(单体)、低聚体、高分子化合物或这些化合物的混合物进行碱催化加成反应或取代反应。使用新型光引发剂以单体和低聚体/聚合体进行反应的例子为Knoevenagel反应或Michael加成反应。
特别重要的组合物中组分B)为可阴离子聚合或交联的有机物质。有机物质的形式可以是单或多官能的单体、低聚物或聚合体。
特别有效的低聚/聚合体系为涂料工业中常见的粘合剂或涂料体系。
这种可碱催化的粘合剂或涂料体系的例子是:
a)含有烷氧基硅烷或烷氧基硅氧烷侧基的丙烯酸酯共聚物,例如在US-A-4772672或US-A-4444974中描述的聚合物;
b)包括含羟基聚丙烯酸酯、聚酯和/或聚醚以及脂肪族或芳族聚异氰酸酯的双组分体系;
c)包括功能聚丙烯酸酯和聚环氧化物的双组分体系,其中聚丙烯酸酯含有羧基或酐基;
d)包括氟修饰或硅氧烷修饰的含羟基聚丙烯酸酯、聚酯和/或聚醚以及脂肪族或芳族聚异氰酸酯的双组分体系;
e)包括(聚)酮亚胺和脂肪族或芳族聚异氰酸酯的双组分体系;
f)包括(聚)酮亚胺和不饱和丙烯酸酯树脂或乙酰乙酸酯树脂或α-丙烯酰胺甲基羟乙酸甲酯的双组分体系;
g)包括聚胺和含有酐基的聚丙烯酸酯的双组分体系;
h)包括(聚)噁唑烷和含有酐基的聚丙烯酸酯,或不饱和丙烯酸酯树脂或聚异氰酸酯的双组分体系;
i)包括含有环氧基的聚丙烯酸酯和含有羧基的聚丙烯酸酯的双组分体系;
1)基于烯丙基缩水甘油基醚的聚合物;
m)包括(聚)醇和(聚)异氰酸酯的双组分体系;
n)包括α,β-烯键不饱和羰基化合物和含有活化的CH2基团的聚合物的双组分体系,其中活化的CH2基团可以存在于主链或侧链中或两者均有,例如在EP-B-0161697中所描述的(聚)丙二酸酯基。其他含有活化的CH2基团的化合物是(聚)乙酰乙酸酯和(聚)氰乙酸酯。
在这些可碱催化的粘合剂中,特别优选的如下:
b)包括含羟基聚丙烯酸酯、聚酯和/或聚醚以及脂肪族或芳族聚异氰酸酯的双组分体系;
c)包括功能聚丙烯酸酯和聚环氧化物的双组分体系,其中聚丙烯酸酯含有羧基或酐基;
i)包括含有环氧基的聚丙烯酸酯和含有羧基的聚丙烯酸酯的双组分体系;
m)包括(聚)醇和(聚)异氰酸酯的双组分体系;
n)包括α,β-烯键不饱和羰基化合物和含有活化的CH2基团的聚合物的双组分体系,其中活化的CH2基团可以存在于主链或侧链中或两者均有,例如在EP-B-0161697中所描述的(聚)丙二酸酯基。其他含有活化的CH2基团的化合物是(聚)乙酰乙酸酯和(聚)氰乙酸酯。
EP-B-0161687中描述了包括α,β-烯键不饱和羰基化合物和(聚)丙二酸酯的双组分体系及其制备。这里的丙二酸酯基可以结合在聚氨酯、聚酯、聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂、聚酰胺或聚乙烯基聚合物的主链或侧链上。所用的α,β-烯键不饱和羰基化合物可以是任何被羰基活化的双键。例如丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的酯或酰胺。在酯基中也可以含有另外的羟基。二酯和三酯也是可以的。具体实例是己二醇二丙烯酸酯或三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯。除了丙烯酸之外,还可以使用其他酸及其酯或酰胺,例如巴豆酸或肉桂酸。
在碱催化下,体系组分彼此在室温下发生反应形成适合许多用途的交联涂料体系。由于其固有的较好耐气候性,因此也适合户外等处使用,如需要,还可以通过紫外吸收剂和其他光稳定剂加以稳定。
其他适合作为新组合物中组分B)的体系为环氧体系。环氧树脂适合用于制备新的、可固化的以环氧树脂作为组分B)的混合物,这些环氧树脂是环氧树脂技术中常用的那些,所述环氧树脂的例子为:
I)聚缩水甘油和聚(β-甲基缩水甘油)酯,通过将分子中含有至少两个羧基的化合物与氯甲代氧丙环或β-甲基-氯甲代氧丙环反应制得。反应在碱存在下进行较好。作为分子中含有至少两个羧基的化合物,可以使用脂肪族多羧酸。这种多羧酸的例子是草酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸或二聚或三聚亚油酸。然而也可以使用环脂肪族多羧酸,例如四氢邻苯二甲酸、4-甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸或4-甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸。此外还可以使用芳族多羧酸,例如邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸或对苯二甲酸。
II)聚缩水甘油和聚(β-甲基缩水甘油)醚,通过将含有至少两个游离醇羟基和/或酚羟基的化合物在碱性条件下或在酸性催化剂存在下(随后经过碱处理)与氯甲代氧丙环或β-甲基-氯甲代氧丙环反应制得。这种类型的缩水甘油醚是从例如无环醇衍生而来的,其中无环醇例如乙二醇、二乙二醇和高级聚(氧化乙烯)二醇、1,2-丙二醇或聚(氧化丙烯)二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、聚(氧四亚甲基)二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、2,4,6-己三醇、丙三醇、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨醇,和从聚氯甲代氧丙环衍生而来的。然而,它们也可以例如从环脂肪醇,如1,4-环己烷二甲醇、二(4-羟基环己基)甲烷或2,2-二(4-羟基环己基)丙烷衍生而来,或具有芳环,如N,N-二(2-羟乙基)苯胺或p,p’-二(2-羟乙基氨基)-二苯基甲烷。缩水甘油醚也可以从单环酚衍生而来,例如间苯二酚或对苯二酚,或是基于多环酚,如二(4-羟基苯基)甲烷、4,4’-二羟基二苯基、二(4-羟基苯基)砜、1,1,2,2-四(4-羟基苯基)乙烷、2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-二(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)丙烷,以及从酚醛清漆衍生而来,该酚醛清漆通过以下方法获得:将醛,如甲醛、乙醛、三氯乙醛或糠醛与酚,如苯酚,或与苯环被氯原子或C1-C9烷基取代的酚,如4-氯苯酚、2-甲基苯酚或4-叔丁基苯酚进行缩合,或者通过与上文列举的那些类型的双酚进行缩合。
III)聚(N-缩水甘油基)化合物,通过将氯甲代氧丙环与含有至少两个胺氢原子的胺的反应产物进行脱氯化氢制得。这些胺是,例如苯胺、正丁胺、二(4-氨基苯基)甲烷、间二甲苯基二胺或二(4-甲氨基苯基)甲烷。然而,聚(N-缩水甘油基)化合物也包括三缩水甘油基异氰酸酯、环亚烷基脲,如亚乙基脲或1,3-亚丙基脲的N,N’-二缩水甘油基衍生物,以及乙内酰脲如5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲的二缩水甘油基衍生物。
IV)聚(S-缩水甘油基)化合物,例如从二硫醇如乙烷-1,2-二硫醇或二(4-巯基甲基丙基)醚衍生的二-S-缩水甘油基衍生物。
V)环脂肪族环氧树脂,例如二(2,3-环氧环戊基)醚、2,3-环氧-环戊基缩水甘油基醚、1,2-二(2,3-环氧环戊基氧)乙烷或3’,4’-环氧环己烷羧酸3,4-环氧环己基甲酯。
另外可以使用环氧树脂,其中1,2-环氧基结合到不同杂原子和/或官能团上;这些化合物包括,例如,4-氨基苯酚的N,N,O-三缩水甘油基衍生物、水杨酸的缩水甘油醚缩水甘油酯、N-缩水甘油基-N’-(2-缩水甘油基氧丙基)-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲或2-缩水甘油基氧-1,3-二(5,5-二甲基-1-缩水甘油基乙内酰脲-3-基)丙烷。
也可以使用环氧树脂的混合物作为组分(B)。
组合物包括光引发剂,组分A),其含量按照组分B)计算优选为0.01-10%(重量)。
除了光引发剂组分A)之外,可聚合的混合物中还可以包括多种添加剂。这些添加剂的例子是用来预防过早聚合的热抑制剂,例如对苯二酚、对苯二酚衍生物、对甲氧基苯酚、β-萘酚或空间位阻酚如2,6-二(叔丁基)对甲酚。为了增加暗储藏稳定性,例如可以使用铜化合物,如环烷酸铜、硬脂酸铜或辛酸铜,磷化合物,如三苯基膦、三丁基膦、三乙基亚磷酸盐、三苯基亚磷酸盐或三苄基亚磷酸盐,季铵化合物,如氯化四甲铵或氯化三甲基苄铵,或羟胺衍生物如N-二乙基-羟胺。为了在聚合过程中除去大气中的氧气,可以加入石蜡或类似蜡的物质,因为这些物质在聚合物中不溶解,而在聚合开始时,转移到表面,从而形成可防止空气进入的透明表面层。也可以使用不渗透氧的涂层。可以加入的少量光稳定剂为紫外吸收剂,例如羟苯基苯并三唑、羟苯基二苯酮、草酰胺或羟苯基-S-三嗪。可以使用这些化合物的单个化合物或其混合物,加有或不加有位阻胺(HALS)促进剂。
这种紫外吸收剂和光稳定剂的例子如下:
1. 2-(2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,例如2-(2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)-苯并三唑、2-(3’,5’-二叔丁基-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(5’-叔丁基-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2’-羟基-5’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)-苯并三唑、2-(3’,5’-二叔丁基-2’-羟基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3’-仲丁基-5’-叔丁基-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2’-羟基-4’-辛氧苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’,5’-二叔戊基-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’,5’-二(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-辛基氧羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3’-叔丁基-5’-[2-(2-乙基己基氧)羰基乙基]-2’-羟基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-甲氧羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-甲氧羰基乙基)苯基)-苯并三唑、2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-辛基氧羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’-叔丁基-5’-[2-(2-乙基己基氧)羰基乙基]-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’-十二烷基-2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)苯并三唑和2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-异辛基氧羰基乙基)苯基苯并三唑的混合物,2,2’-亚甲基二[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-基苯酚];2-[3’-叔丁基-5'-(2-甲氧羰基乙基)-2’-羟基苯基]苯并三唑与聚乙烯乙二醇300的酯基转移反应产物;[R-CH2CH2-COO(CH2)3]2-,其中R=3’-叔丁基-4’-羟基-5’-2H-苯并三唑-2-基苯基。
2. 2-羟基二苯酮,例如4-羟基,4-甲氧基,4-辛氧基,4-癸氧基,4-十二烷氧基,4-苄氧基,4,2’,4’-三羟基和2’-羟基-4,4’-二甲氧基衍生物。
3.取代或来取代的苯甲酸的酯,例如水杨酸4-叔丁基苯酯、水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸辛基苯酯、二苯甲酰基间苯二酚、二(4-叔丁基苯甲酰基)间苯二酚、苯甲酰基间苯二酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯酯、3,5-二叔丁基4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷酯、3,5-二叔丁基4-羟基苯甲酸十八烷酯和3,5-二叔丁基4-羟基苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯酯。
4.丙烯酸酯、例如α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯或异辛酯、α-甲酯基桂皮酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基桂皮酸甲酯和丁酯、α-甲酯基-对甲氧基桂皮酸甲酯和N-(β-甲酯基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚。
5.位阻胺,例如二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸酯、1-羟乙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶和琥珀酸的缩合产物、N,N’-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-叔辛氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-S-三嗪的缩合产物、三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)次氮基三乙酸酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四酸酯、1,1’-(1,2-乙烷二基)-二(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂酰基氧-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸酯、3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]-癸-2,4-二酮、二(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、二(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、N,N’-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-吗啉基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合产物、2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-二(3-氨基丙氨基)乙烷的缩合产物、2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-二(3-氨基丙氨基)乙烷的缩合产物、8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]-癸-2,4-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮。
6.草酰胺,例如4,4’-二辛氧基草酰二苯胺、2,2’-二乙氧基草酰二苯胺、2,2’-二辛氧基-5,5’-二叔丁基草酰二苯胺、2,2’-二-十二烷氧基-5,5’-二叔丁基草酰二苯胺、2-乙氧基-2’-乙基草酰二苯胺、N,N’-二(3-二甲氨基丙基)草酰胺、2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2’-乙基草酰二苯胺及其与2-乙氧基-2’-乙基-5,4’-二叔丁基草酰二苯胺的混合物、邻-和对-甲氧基二取代草酰二苯胺的混合物以及邻-和对-乙氧基二取代草酰二苯胺的混合物。
7. 2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,例如2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-二(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-丁氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-辛氧基-丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[4-十二烷/十三烷氧基-(2-羟基丙基)氧-2-羟基苯基]-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪。
8.亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯,例如,亚磷酸三苯基酯、亚磷酸二苯基烷基酯、亚磷酸苯基二烷基酯、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三月桂基酯、亚磷酸三-十八烷基酯、二亚磷酸二硬脂酰基季戊四醇酯、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、二亚磷酸二异癸基季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二-异癸氧基季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇酯、三亚磷酸三硬脂酰基山梨醇酯、四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)-4,4’-二亚苯基二亚膦酸酯、6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12H-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin、6-氟-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12-甲基二苯并[d,g]-1、3、2-dioxaphosphocin、亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基酯、亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基酯。
另外添加剂的例子是:
填料和增强剂,例如碳酸钙、硅酸盐、玻璃纤维、玻璃细珠、石棉、滑石、高岭土、云母、硫酸钡、金属氧化物和氢氧化物、炭黑、石墨、木粉和其它天然产物的粉末或纤维、合成纤维。
其它添加剂,例如,增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、颜料、流变添加剂、催化剂、均化助剂、荧光增白剂、防火剂、抗静电剂、发泡剂。
除了上述添加剂之外,也可以含有其它共引发剂。通常这些共引发剂为可以通过能量转移或电子转移提高总量子产率的染料。可以作为共引发剂加入的合适染料例子是三芳基甲烷,例如孔雀绿、二氢吲哚、噻嗪,例如亚甲蓝、占吨酮、噻吨酮、噁嗪、吖啶或吩嗪,例如藏红和通式
的若丹明,其中R是烷基或芳基,而R’是氢、烷基或芳基,例如若丹明B、若丹明6G或紫胺R,也可以是磺基若丹明B或磺基若丹明G。
优选给出的是噻吨酮、噁嗪、吖啶、吩嗪和若丹明。
除了上述可碱催化(固化)的粘合剂,组分B)之外,组合物中也可以包括其它粘合剂。此外,例如烯键不饱和化合物也可以。不饱和化合物可以包括一个或多个烯双键。它们可以是低分子量化合物(单体)或较高分子量化合物(低聚体)。含有双键的单体例子是丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯或羟基烷基酯,例如丙烯酸甲酯、乙酯、丁酯、2-乙基己酯或2-羟基乙酯,丙烯酸异龙脑酯,甲基丙烯酸甲酯或甲基丙烯酸乙酯。硅氧烷丙烯酸酯也是可以的。另外的例子是丙烯腈,丙烯酰胺,甲基丙烯酰胺,N-取代(甲基)丙烯酰胺,乙烯基酯如乙烯基乙酸酯,乙烯基醚如异丁基乙烯基醚,苯乙烯,烷基-和卤代苯乙烯,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮,氯乙烯或1,1-二氯乙烯。
含有两个或多个双键的单体例子是乙二醇、丙二醇、新戊二醇、环己二醇或双酚A的二丙烯酸酯,4,4’-二(2-丙烯酰基氧乙氧基)二苯基丙烷,三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯,季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯或四丙烯酸酯,乙烯基丙烯酸酯,二乙烯基苯,二乙烯基琥珀酸酯,二烯丙基邻苯二甲酸酯,三烯丙基磷酸酯,三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯或三(2-丙烯酰基乙基)异氰脲酸酯。
相对较高分子量(低聚体)的多不饱和化合物的例子是丙烯酸化的环氧树脂,丙烯酸化的聚酯或含有乙烯基醚基或环氧基的聚酯,聚氨酯和聚醚。其它不饱和低聚物的例子是大部分由马来酸、邻苯二甲酸和一个或多个二醇制备的不饱和聚酯树脂,其分子量为约500-3000。此外,也可以使用乙烯基醚单体和低聚体,以及含有聚酯、聚氨酯、聚醚、聚乙烯基醚和环氧主链的马来酸酯封端的低聚体。尤其是,WO90/01512中描述的乙烯基醚官能低聚体和聚合物的结合是非常合适的。然而,乙烯基醚和马来酸官能单体的共聚物也是合适的。这种不饱和低聚物也可以称为预聚物。
特别合适的例子是烯键不饱和羧酸和多元醇或聚环氧化合物的酯,以及主链或侧链上含有烯键不饱和基团的聚合物,例如不饱和聚酯、聚酰胺和聚氨酯及其共聚物,醇酸树脂,聚丁二烯和丁二烯共聚物,聚异戊二烯和异戊二烯共聚物,侧链上含有(甲基)丙烯酸基的聚合物和共聚物,以及一个或多个这种聚合物的混合物。
此外,如果使用这种自由基可固化单体、低聚物/聚合物时,那么应当加入其它可以分裂为自由基的光引发剂。这种光引发剂是已知的并且可以工业制备。其实例是二苯酮,二苯酮衍生物,苯乙酮,苯乙酮衍生物,例如α-羟基环烷基苯基酮,二烷氧基苯乙酮,α-羟基或α-氨基苯乙酮,4-芳酰基-1,3-二氧戊环,安息香烷基醚和苯偶酰缩酮,单酰基氧化膦,二酰基氧化膦,亚铁化合物或二茂钛。该实例在US专利5077402中描述过。通过不同机理发生固化/交联的这种聚合体系,也称为混合体系。
新的组合物中也可以加入非活性粘合剂,尤其是当可光聚合的化合物为液态或粘稠物质时特别适合。按照整个固体含量计算,非活性粘合剂的含量是,例如5-95%(重量),优选为10-90%(重量),尤其为40-90%(重量)。非活性粘合剂的选择是根据使用的领域和该领域要求的特性,如在含水和有机溶剂体系中的展开能力、与底物的粘合力和对氧气的灵敏度。
合适粘合剂的例子是分子量约为5000-2000000、优选为10000-1000000的聚合物。实例为:均聚和共聚丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯,例如甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸乙酯/甲基丙烯酸的共聚物,聚(甲基丙烯酸烷基酯),聚(丙烯酸烷基酯);纤维素酯和醚,如醋酸纤维素酯、乙酸丁酸纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素;聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,聚乙烯醇缩甲醛,环化橡胶,聚醚,如聚环氧乙烷,聚环氧丙烷,聚四氢呋喃;聚苯乙烯,聚碳酸酯,聚氨酯,氯化聚烯烃,聚氯乙烯,氯乙烯/1,1-二氯乙烯的共聚物,1,1-二氯乙烯与丙烯腈的共聚物,甲基丙烯酸甲酯和醋酸乙烯酯,聚醋酸乙烯酯,(乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯)共聚物,聚合物,如聚己内酰胺和聚六亚甲基己二酰二胺以及聚酯,如聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)和聚(琥珀酸己二醇酯)。
本发明还提供了实施碱催化反应的方法,其中包括将
A)至少一个含有通式(I)结构单元的化合物,
其中R1为能够吸收波长范围为200-650nm光的芳族或杂芳族基团,并且这样能够产生相邻碳-氮键的裂解;以及
B)至少一个用波长为200nm-650nm的光进行辐射能够发生碱催化反应的有机化合物。
组分A)优选为一种有机化合物,其中通式(I)的结构单元含有通式(II)化合物
其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6和R7定义同上,包括它们的优选定义。
上文已经给出了碱催化反应的例子和优选定义。
特别优选的是,组分B)是阴离子可聚合或可交联的有机物质。
某些情况下,在曝光过程中或之后进行加热是有利的。许多情况下按照这种方法可以加快交联反应。
新组合物的光敏感性通常从约200nm波长,经过紫外区,延伸至红外区(约20000nm,尤其为1200nm),因此跨越非常广的范围。合适的幅射包括,例如,日光或人造光源的光。因此可以使用许多不同类型的光源。点光源和平面辐射体(“灯罩”)均适合使用。例如炭弧灯,氙弧灯,中压、高压和低压汞灯,其中如需要可以掺杂金属卤化物(金属-卤灯),微波激化的金属蒸汽灯,准分子灯,超光化的荧光管,荧光灯,氩白炽灯,电子闪光灯,照相的泛光照明灯,电子束和X-射线,这些光源通过同步加速器或激光等离子体生产。根据本发明,灯与待曝光底物之间的距离可以根据用途和灯的类型和/或功率而有所改变,例如为2cm-150cm。激光光源,例如准分子激光器也特别适合使用。也可以使用可见区或红外区中的激光器。这里特别有利的是具有高敏感度的新材料和可以采用染料作为共引发剂用于激光谱线中。通过该方法可以生产电子工业中的印刷电路,胶印平版印刷板或凸版印刷板,还有照相的图象记录材料。
新的组合物可以用于许多方面,例如用作油墨,用作透晚涂层,用作例如木材或金属的增白涂料,用作尤其是纸、木材、金属或塑料的涂层材料,用作粉末涂层,作为日光固化涂层、用于标记建筑物和道路、用于照相复制工艺、用于全息记录材料、用于图象记录工艺或用于制备能用有机溶剂或含水的碱性介质显影的印刷版、用于制备丝网印刷罩,用作补牙材料,用作粘合剂包括压敏粘合剂,用作层压树脂,用作光致抗蚀剂、或永久性保护层和用作电子电路的焊接屏,用于通过本体固化(在透明模型中的紫外固化)或通过铅版平板印刷术生产三维产品,例如在US专利4575330中所描述的那样,用来制备复合材料(例如苯乙烯聚酯,可以含有玻璃纤维和/或其它纤维以及其它助剂)以及其它厚层组合物,用于涂覆或密封电子元件,或用作光纤维的涂层。
在表面涂层中,通常使用预聚物与多不饱和单体的混合物,其中还含有单不饱和单体。这里的预聚物主要决定着涂层膜的性能,通过变化可以使熟练工人能够改变固化膜的性能。多不饱和单体用作交联剂使得该涂层膜不溶。单不饱和单体用作反应稀释剂,通过它来降低粘度而无需使用溶剂。
不饱和的聚酯树脂最常用于与单不饱和单体(优选苯乙烯)一起用于双组分体系中。对于光刻胶,通常使用特定的单组分体系,例如聚马来酰亚胺、聚查耳酮或聚酰亚胺,如在DE-A-2308830中所描述的那样。
该新型可光固化的组合物适合作为各种基质的涂料等,基质例如为木材、纺织品、纸、陶瓷、玻璃、塑料(如聚酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚烯烃或乙酸纤维素),尤其是以膜的形式,还有金属,如Al,Cu,Ni,Fe,Zn,Mg或Co和GaAs,Si或SiO2,在其上面涂覆保护层或通过成象曝光产生图像。
通过在基质上涂覆液体组合物、溶液或悬浮液来进行基质涂布。溶剂和浓度的选择主要取决于组合物的类型和涂覆工艺。该溶剂必须是惰性,即不应与组分发生任何化学反应,以及涂覆以后在干燥过程中应能被除去。合适溶剂的实例是酮、醚和酯,例如甲基乙基酮,异丁基甲基酮,环戊酮,环己酮,N-甲基吡咯烷酮,二噁烷,四氢呋喃,2-甲氧基乙醇,2-乙氧基乙醇,1-甲氧基-2-丙醇,1,2-二甲氧基乙烷,乙酸乙酯,乙酸正丁酯和3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯。
采用已知的涂覆工艺,将溶液均匀地涂覆到基质上,例如通过旋涂法、浸涂法、刮涂法、幕涂法、刷涂法、喷涂法,特别是静电喷涂法和反向辊涂法,以及通过电泳沉积法。也可以将光敏层涂覆到暂时的软性载体上,然后再通过层压来转移涂层,涂覆到最终基质上,例如镀铜的电路板。
涂覆的量(涂层厚度)以及基质(涂层载体)的性质取决于所应用的领域所要产生的功能。涂层厚度的范围通常为约0.1μm-大于100μm。
新的对射线敏感的组合物也可以进行成象式曝光。这种情况下它们用作负性抗融剂。它们适合用于电子方面(电刻胶,抗蚀剂和抗焊料剂),用于生产印刷板,如胶版印刷板、曲面印刷板和凸版印刷板或丝网印刷板,用于生产压印模,也可用于化学加工或作为生产集成电路中的微电阻。相应地在可用的涂层载体和涂覆基质的工艺条件方面会有较广的变化。
术语“成象式”曝光,涉及通过含有预定图案的遮光罩,如幻灯片,通过激光束进行曝光,例如在计算机控制下在已涂布的底物表面上移动,并由此产生图象,以及使用计算机控制的电子束进行辐射暴光。
在对材料进行成象式曝光之后及显影之前,进行短暂热处理是有利的,其中只有曝光部分热固化。采用的温度通常为50-150℃,优选为80-130℃;热处理持续的时间通常为0.25-10分钟。
使用光固化的另一领域为金属的涂层,例如金属板和管、罐或瓶盖的涂层,以及聚合物涂层,如基于PVC的地板或墙面的光固化。纸涂层光固化的例子为在标签、档案套或书皮上涂覆无色清漆。
还令人感兴趣的是使用新的化合物固化由复合组合物制成的成形产品。该复合组合物由自支撑基质材料组成,例如玻璃纤维织物或其它例如植物纤维[参见K.-P.Mieck,T.Reussmann,Kunststoffe85(1995),366-370],用光固化配制物浸渍该材料。通过使用本发明中的化合物,使复合组合物制备的成形产品具有较高的机械稳定性和耐力。本发明的化合物也可用作注模、浸渍和涂覆组合物中的光固化剂,例如在EP-A-7086中所描述的那样。所述组合物的例子为精细涂布树脂,考虑到其固化活性和抗泛黄力须严格要求,以及纤维增强型模制件,例如平面状的或具有纵向或横向波纹的光漫射板。
其中R1为能够吸收波长范围200-650nm光的芳族或杂芳族基团,并且这样能够产生相邻碳-氮键的裂解,该化合物用作光化学诱导、碱催化加成反应或取代反应的光引发剂。
优选给出的是,其中通式(I)的结构单元含有通式(II)化合物的有机化合物,
其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6和R7定义同上,包括它们的优选定义。
上文已经给出了碱催化加成或取代反应的例子和优选例。
此外,本发明提供了用上述组合物在其至少一面上已进行涂覆的涂层基质,以及生产立体图象的照相方法,其中将涂层基质进行成象式曝光,然后用溶剂除去未曝光部分。本文中特别优选的是上述通过激光束曝光。
下面实施例将阐述本发明。除非另有说明,说明书的其余部分和权利要求中的份和百分数是指重量。如果未指明3个C原子以上的烷基或烷氧基的异构体形式,那么是指相应的正异构体。
A-实施例:制备光引发剂
实施例A1
[R1=苯基,R2=R3=H,R4/R6=-(CH2)3-,R5/R7=-(CH2)3-]
搅拌下将α-溴苯乙酮的甲苯溶液加入到1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬烷的甲苯溶液中。混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。过滤反应混合物,用软化水洗涤并用MgSO4干燥。接着将其在真空中进一步干燥,得到的产率约为85%。
U.V.(CHCl3)最大值在246nm(ε10400l/mol cm).
1H-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:8.04(2H,d,ArH),7.48(1H,t,ArH),7.34(2H,t,ArH),4.04(1H,d,
NCH2CO),3.46(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.02(2H,m,NCH2),2.87(1H,m,NCH),2.59(1H,m,
NCH)and 2.3-1.3(9H,m,CH2).
13C-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:197.98,136.16,133.14,128.73,128.50,84.04,61.04,53.08,
52.14,51.18,29.10,24.24 and 19.37.
按照类似实施例A1的方法制备如下实施例。所有情况下获得的相应产物的产率约为85%。
实施例A2
[R1=二苯基,R2=R3=H,R4/R6=-(CH2)3-,R5/R7=-(CH2)3-]U.V.(CHCl3)最大值在287nm(ε19600l/mol cm).1H-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:8.18(2H,d,ArH),7.65-7.15(7H,m,ArH),4.05(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.50(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.09(2H,m,NCH2),2.61(1H,m,NCH)and 2.3-1.4(9H,m,CH2)13C-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:197.68,145.82,140.05,134.84,129.40,128.98,128.22,127.32,127.18,84.16,61.30,53,14,52.17,51.20,29.14,24.29 and 19.38.
实施铜A3
[R1=萘基,R2=R3=H,R4/R6=-(CH2)3-,R5/R7=-(CH2)3-]
元素分析 C18H22N2O的计算值:C,76.56;H,7.85;N,9.92;实测值:C,76.83;H,7.52;N,19.42,U.V.(CHCl3)最大值在251nm(ε39100l/mol cm),286nm(ε8200l/mol cm)and 345 nm(ε1700l/mol cm).1H-NM8(CDCl3)[ppm]:8.62(1H,s,ArH),8.09(1H,dd,ArH),7.94(1H,d,ArH),7.83(2H,m,ArH),7.54(2H,m,ArH),4.15(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.65(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.07(3H,m,NCH2),2.70(1H,m,NCH)and 2.4-1.4(9H,m,CH2).13C-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:197.92,135.69,132.52,130.38,129.80,128.47,128.31,127.77,126.65,124.38,84.02,60.74,53.14,52.10,51.22,29.09,24.06 and 19.46.实施例A4
元素分析 C25H24N2O的计算值::C,81.49;H,6.57;实测值:C,81.70;H,6.74.U.V.(CHCl3)最大值在245nm(ε29800l/mol cm),285nm(ε20900l/mol cm)and 360nm(ε18100l/mol cm).1H-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:8.84(1H,d,ArH),8.44(1H,d,ArH),8.24-7.93(7H,m,ArH),4.18(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.66(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.01(3H,m,NCH2),2.64(1H,t,NCH)and2.4-1.3(9H,m,CH2).13C-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:202.83,133.90,131.09,130.56,129.9,129.55,129.08,128.27,127.20,126.37,126.30,126.03,125.05,124.70,124.04,83.86,63.26,53.23,52.05,51.12,29.13,24.19 and 19.42.实施例A5[R1=4-叠氮苯基,R2=R3=H,R4/R6=-(CH2)3-,R5/R7=-(CH2)3-] 1H-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:8.10(2H,d,ArH),6.99(2H,d,ArH), 3.93(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.35(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.02(2H,m,NCH2),2.84(1H,m,NCH),2.49(1H,m,NCH)and 2.3-1.3(9H,m,CH2).实施例A6-A36;表1:
实施例A37-A39;表2: 实施例A40-A59;表3:
实施例A60[R1=
;R2=R3=H,R4/R6=-(CH2)3-,R5/R7=-(CH2)3-]实施例A61[R1=4-二乙氨基苯基,R2=-R3=H,R4/R6=-(CH2)3-,R5/R7=-(CH2)3-]黄色固体(产率87%)
实施例 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R5/R7 | R4/R6 |
A6 | 苯基 | H | H | -(CH2)5- | -(CH2)3- |
A7 | 苯基 | H | H | -(CH2)3-NH- | -(CH2)3- |
A8 | 萘基 | H | H | -(CH2)5- | -(CH2)3- |
A9 | 萘基 | H | H | -(CH2)3-NH- | -(CH2)3- |
A10 | 4-氨基苯基 | H | H | -(CH2)3- | -(CH2)3- |
A11 | 4-氨基苯基 | H | H | -(CH2)3-NH- | -(CH2)3- |
A12 | 4-氨基苯基 | H | H | -(CH2)5- | -(CH2)3- |
A13 | 4-氰基苯基 | H | H | -(CH2)3- | -(CH2)3- |
A14 | 4-氰基苯基 | H | H | -(CH2)3-NH- | -(CH2)3- |
A15 | 4-氰基苯基 | H | H | -(CH2)5- | -(CH2)3- |
A16 | 4-硝基苯基 | H | H | -(CH2)3- | -(CH2)3- |
A17 | 4-硝基苯基 | H | H | -(CH2)3-NH- | -(CH2)3- |
A18 | 4-硝基苯基 | H | H | -(CH2)5- | -(CH2)3- |
A19 | 4-三氟甲基苯基 | H | H | -(CH2)3- | -(CH2)3- |
A20 | 4-三氟甲基苯基 | H | H | -(CH2)3-NH- | -(CH2)3- |
实施例 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 |
A40 | 苯基 | H | H | H | NH2 | H | H |
A41 | 苯基 | H | H | H | NH(C2H5) | C2H5 | H |
A42 | 苯基 | H | H | H | N(CH3)2 | H | H |
A43 | 苯基 | H | H | H | N(CH3)2 | H | CH3 |
A44 | 苯基 | H | H | H | N(CH3)2 | H | H |
A45 | 苯基 | H | H | CH3 | N(CH3)2 | CH3 | CH3 |
A46 | 苯基 | H | H | H | N(CH3)2 | CH3 | CH3 |
A47 | 苯基 | H | H | CH3 | N(CH3)2 | H | CH3 |
A48 | 苯基 | H | H | H | N(CH3)2 | H | CH3 |
A49 | 苯基 | H | H | CH3 | N(CH3)2 | H | CH3 |
A50 | 萘基 | H | H | H | NH2 | H | H |
A51 | 萘基 | H | H | H | NH(C2H5) | C2H5 | H |
A52 | 萘基 | H | H | H | N(CH3)2 | H | H |
A53 | 萘基 | H | H | H | N(CH3)2 | H | CH3 |
A54 | 萘基 | H | H | H | N(CH3)2 | H | H |
A55 | 萘基 | H | H | CH3 | N(CH3)2 | CH3 | CH3 |
A56 | 萘基 | H | H | H | N(CH3)2 | CH3 | CH3 |
A57 | 萘基 | H | H | CH3 | N(CH3)2 | H | CH3 |
A58 | 萘基 | H | H | H | N(CH3)2 | H | CH3 |
A59 | 萘基 | H | H | CH3 | N(CH3)2 | H | CH3 |
元素分析 C19H29N3O的计算值:C72.34,H9.27,N13.32;实测值C72.06,H9.16,N13.20.U.V.(CHCl3)最大值在247nm(ε4700),313nm(ε17300)and 364 nm(ε5800).I.R.(KBr)1684 cm-1(C=O).1H NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:7.99(2H,d,ArH),6.52(2H,d,ArH),3.92(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.34(4H,q,CH2CH3),3.31(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.02(2H,m,NCH2),2.89(1H,m,NCH),2.52(1H,m,NCH),2.2-1.3(9H,m,CH2)and 1.10(6H,t,CH2CH3).13C-NMR(COCl3)[ppm]:195.61,151.21,131.40,123.59,110.06,84.25,61.07,52.87,52.21,51.23,44.55,29.10,24.46,19.41 and 12.58.
实施例A62:红色橡胶状固体(产率72%)U.V.(CHCl3)最大值在245nm(ε6700)and 330 nm(ε23100).1H-NMR(COCl3)[ppm]:8.20(2H,d,ArH),7.89-7.43(7H,m,ArH),4.03(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.49(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.05(2H,m,NCH2),2.91(1H,m,NCH),2.60(1H,m,NCH)and2.3-1.4(8H,m,CH2).
实施例A63:橙色油(产率78%)U.V.(CHCl3)最大值在287nm(ε20500).I.R.(KBr)1690 cm-1(C=O).13C-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:1989.14,145.64,139.79,134.85,128.97,128.82,128.22,127.29,127.16,125.33,82.15,56.34,55.51,53.57,52.10,32.90,29.07,24.42,24.61 and 21.48.
实施例A64:[R1=phenyl,R2=CH3,R3=H,R4/R6=-(CH2)3-,R5/R7=-(CH2)3-]橙色油(产率86%)I.R.(KBr)1695 cm-1(C=O).1H-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:8.17(2H,d,J=7.0Hz,ArH),7.50-7.35(3H,m,ArH),4.50/1H,q,J=6.6Hz,NHCHCH3),3.05(2H,m,NCH2),2.69(2H,m,NCH2),2.49(1H,m,NCH),2.3-1.3(8H,m,CH3)and 1.16(3H,d,J=6.6Hz,CH3).13C-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:200.72,136.61,132.65,129.31,128.37,81.83,60.09,52.31,51.40,45.50,28.76.25.01,19.21 and 6.55.实施例A65:橙色油(产率89%)U.V.(CHCl3)最大值在268nm(ε10100)and 302(ε7300)I.R.(KBr)1670 and 1600 cm-1(C=O).1H-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:7.75(2H,d,ArH),6.48(2H,d,ArH),6.40(1H,s,ArH),3.96(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.85(3H,s,OCH3),3.80(3H,s,OCH3),3.65(1H,d,NCH2CO),3.03(3H,m,NCH2),2.77(1H,m,NCH),2.35(1H,m,NCH)and 2.2-1.3(8H,m,CH2).13C-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:198.70,164.35,160.51,132.66,105.24,98.28,83.23,63.65,55.54,55,45,52.89,52.04,51.33,28.85,24.39 and 19.44.实施例A66:橙色晶体(产率94%)U.V.(CHCl3)最大值在244nm(ε5400)and 306(ε17300)I.R.(KBr)1670 and 1590 cm-1(C=O).1H-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:7.96(2H,d,J=8.8Hz,ArH),7.14(2H,d,J=8.8Hz,ArH),3.91(1H,d,J=15.0Hz,NCH2CO),3.34(1H,d,J=15.0Hz,NCH2CO),3.00(2H,m,NCH2),2.84(1H,m,NCH),2.49(1H,m,NCH),2.47(3H,s,SCH3)and 2.2-1.3(9H,m,CH2).13C-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:196.99,145.90,132.39,129.22,129.03,128.23,125.30,124.86,84.12,61.28,53.05,52.12,51.11,29.10,24.28,19.34 and 14.75.实施例A67:U.V.(CHCl3)最大值在245nm(ε44800),345nm(ε3400),370nm(ε3800)and 395nm(ε3700).I.R.(KBr)1670cm-1(C=O).1H-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:8.85(1H,s,ArH),8.54(1H,s,ArH),8.49(1H,s,ArH),8.45(1H,s,ArH),8.12(1H,dd,ArH),7.99(2H,m,ArH),7.66-7.46(2H,m,ArH),4.18(1H,d,J=15.2Hz,NCH2CO),3.64(1H,d,J=15.2Hz,NCH2CO),3.08(3H,m,NCH2),2.70(1H,m,NCH),and2.4-1.4(9H,m,CH2).实施例A68:U.V.(CHCl3)最大值在258nm(ε14100).I.R.(KBr)1685 and 1585 cm-1(C=O).1H-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:8.00(2H,d,J1=4.1Hz,J2=2.3Hz,ArH),7.98(2H,dd,J1=4.1Hz,J2=2.3Hz,ArH),3.95(1H,d,J=15.0Hz,NCH2CO),3.40(1H,d,J=15.0Hz,NCH2CO),3.06(2H,m,NCH2),2.87(1H,m,NCH),2.55(1H,m,NCH)and 2.2-1.3(9H,m,CH2).13C-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:197.12,134.77,131.80,130.45,129.06,128.35,125.32,84.18,61.54,53.17,52.13,51.09,29.14,24.26 and 19.32.实施例A69: 1H-NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:8.27(2H,d,J=8.8Hz,ArH),8.09(2H,d,J=8.8Hz,ArH),3.92(1H,d,J=15.1Hz,NCH2CO),3.31(1H,d,J=15.1Hz,NCH2CO),3.07(2H,m,NCH2),2.89(1H,m,NCH),2.55(1H,m,NCH)and 2.2-1.3(9H,m,CH2).实施例A70-A82;表4:
实施例 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R5/R7 | R4/R6 |
A70 | 苯基 | H | CH3 | -(CH2)5- | -(CH2)3- |
A71 | 苯基 | H | CH3 | -(CH2)3- | -(CH2)3- |
A72 | 苯基 | H | Phenyl | -(CH2)5- | -(CH2)3- |
A73 | 苯基 | H | Phenyl | -(CH2)3- | -(CH2)3- |
A74 | 苯基 | CH3 | CH3 | -(CH2)5- | -(CH2)3- |
A75 | 苯基 | CH3 | CH3 | -(CH2)3- | -(CH2)3- |
A76* | 2-噻吨基 | H | H | -(CH2)5- | -(CH2)3- |
A77 | 2-噻吨基 | H | H | -(CH2)3- | -(CH2)3- |
A78 | 2-噻吨基 | CH3 | CH3 | -(CH2)5- | -(CH2)3- |
A79 | 2-噻吨基 | CH3 | CH3 | -(CH2)3- | -(CH2)3- |
A80 | 2-噻吨基 | H | CH3 | -(CH2)5- | -(CH2)3- |
A81 | 2-噻吨基 | H | CH3 | -(CH2)3- | -(CH2)3- |
A82 | 2-噻吨基 | H | H | -(CH2)3- | -(CH2)3- |
*实施例76的化合物按照如下方法获得:在铜存在下进行硫代水杨酸和对溴苯乙酮的碱催化偶合反应获得酮酸,然后用多磷酸脱氢得到α位溴化的2-乙酰基噻吨酮。最后将该酮与1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬烷反应得到化合物A76。
实施例A83:
[R1=2-萘基,R2=CH3,R3=H,R4/R6=-(CH2)3-,R5/R7=-(CH2)3-] 1H NMR(CDCl3)[ppm]:8.85(0.65H,s),8.68(0.35H,s),8.44-7.44(6H,m,ArH),4.63(0.65H,q,J 6.5Hz,NCHCH3),4.61(0.35H,q,J 6.9Hz,NCHCH3),3.14-2.53(4H,m),2.28-1.38(9H,m),1.39(1.05H,d,J 6.9Hz,CH3)and 1.22(1.95H,d,J 6.5Hz,CH3).
1H NMR(CDCl3):8.25(1.5H,m,ArH),8.01(0.5H,m,ArH),7.60(3H,m,ArH),7.40(4H,m,
ArH),4.53(0.75H,q,J 6.6Hz,NCHCH3),4.45(0.25H,q,J 7.0Hz,NCHCH3),3.08(2H,m),
2.73-1.46(11H,m),1.36(0.75H,d,J 7.0Hz,CH3),1.19(2.25H,d,J 6.5Hz,CH3).
B-实施例:应用:与单体化合物的碱催化
实施例B1-B4 紫外引发的Michael加成反应。
在石英容器中将7.4·10-5mol光引发剂(潜在的脒碱)溶解于丙二酸二甲酯和丙烯酸正丁基(1∶1,200mg相当于7.4·10-4mol)的混合物中。混合物用距其30cm的高压汞灯(200W)进行照射。转化率作为时间函数进行监测。测定的结果列于表5中。
表5
实施例 | 引发剂 | 曝光下述时间后交联[%] | ||||
0分钟 | 10分钟 | 20分钟 | 30分钟 | 40分钟 | ||
B1 | A4 | 0 | 26 | 60 | 83 | 91 |
B2 | A1 | 0 | 34 | 74 | 90 | 100 |
B3 | A2 | 0 | 36 | 75 | 92 | 100 |
B4 | A3 | 0 | 59 | 91 | 100 |
实施例B5 可见光引发的Michael加成反应。
在玻璃容器中将7.4·10-5mol光引发剂A2(潜在的脒碱)和7.4·10-5mol异丙基噻吨酮溶解于丙二酸二甲酯和丙烯酸正丁基(1∶1,200mg相当于7.4·10-4mol)的混合物中。混合物用距其30cm的卤灯(500W)进行照射。转化率作为时间函数进行监测。
得到如下结果:
曝光时间(分钟) 0 30 120 300
转化率(%) 0 18 53 88
实施例B6-B9
遵循类似于实施例B1-B4中描述的方法。使用的引发剂和试验结果列于表6中。
表6
实施例 | 引发剂 | 曝光下述时间后交联[%] | ||||
0分钟 | 10分钟 | 20分钟 | 30分钟 | 40分钟 | ||
B6 | A66 | 0 | 23 | 60 | 83 | 100 |
B7 | A61 | 0 | 18 | 49 | 79 | 88 |
B8 | A65 | 0 | 10 | 38 | 70 | 81 |
B9 | A68 | 0 | 8 | 31 | 56 | 72 |
C-实施例:应用:与低聚/聚合物的碱催化
实施例C1-C6
以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯为基础制备丙烯酸尿烷酯
反应是在氮气气氛下进行,而所有使用的商购化学产品无需再纯化而直接使用。
将1566.8g(13.78molNCO)异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、2.3g二月桂酸二丁基锡、2.3g 2,5-二叔丁基对甲酚和802.8g乙酸丁酯加到带有冷凝器和滴液装置的三颈瓶中。将干燥的氮气吹入反应混合物中并使温度缓慢升至60℃。加入1987g(13.78mol)丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯,在此过程中反应溶液缓慢加热至80℃。温度保持在80℃并且滴液装置中装满乙酸丁酯(86.6g)。通过滴定残余量的异氰酸酯来监测反应,并且当异氰酸酯的含量低于0.2%(按固体含量计算)时反应结束。制得的反应产物具有下述物理特性:
残余的丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯:<0.002%(按固体计算)(HPLC分析),
颜色:<<加德纳1,
粘度:43cpa s(20℃),
固体含量:79.3%(140℃下1小时),
GPC数据(聚苯乙烯标准):Mn778,Mw796,d=1.02。
制备丙二酸聚酯
反应是在氮气气氛下进行,而所有使用的商购化学产品无需再纯化而直接使用。
在带有搅拌器和冷凝器的反应器中小心回流1045g 1,5-戊二醇、1377.4g丙二酸二乙酯和242.1g二甲苯。反应的最高温度为196℃,同时冷凝器顶端的温度保持在79℃。这样蒸馏去862g乙醇,相应转化率为97.7%。在200℃下于真空中除去二甲苯。得到的聚合物中固体含量为98.6%,粘度为2710mPa s,以及酸值为0.3mg KOH/g(按固体含量计算)。Mn为1838,Mw为3186,按APHA(美国公共卫生协会)标度(Hazen色数:ISO6271)颜色为175。
实施例C1 用紫外光固化
将20.5mg(6.4×10-5mol)实施例A2中的光引发剂溶解于400mg上述丙烯酸尿烷酯和丙二酸聚酯(1.3∶1)的混合物中。使用高压汞灯(200W)将混合物在石英容器中进行曝光,其距离为30cm。45分钟后聚合物没有粘性。
实施例C2 用紫外光固化
将18.8mg(6.4×10-5mol)实施例A3中的光引发剂溶解于400mg上述丙烯酸尿烷酯和丙二酸聚酯(1.3∶1)的混合物中。拉伸出50μm厚的膜铺至玻璃板上,并使用高压汞灯(200W)进行曝光,其距离为30cm。30分钟后聚合物膜不粘手。
实施例C3 用可见光固化
将20.5mg(6.4×10-5mol)实施例A2中的光引发剂和10mg异丙基-9H-噻吨酮(6.4×10-5mol)溶解于400mg上述丙烯酸尿烷酯和丙二酸聚酯(1.3∶1)的混合物中。使用卤灯(500W)将混合物在石英容器中曝光,其距离为30cm。120分钟后聚合物不粘手。
实施例C4 用可见光固化
将20.5mg(6.4×10-5mol)实施例A2中的光引发剂和10mg异丙基-9H-噻吨酮(6.4×10-5mol)溶解于400mg上述丙烯酸尿烷酯和丙二酸聚酯(1.3∶1)的混合物中。拉伸出50μm厚的膜铺至玻璃板上,并使用卤灯(500W)进行曝光,其距离为30cm。120分钟后聚合物膜不粘手。
实施例C5 用可见光固化
将18.8mg(6.4×10-5mol)实施例A3中的光引发剂和10mg异丙基-9H-噻吨酮(6.4×10-5mol)溶解于400mg上述丙烯酸尿烷酯和丙二酸聚酯(1.3∶1)的混合物中。拉伸出50μm厚的膜铺至玻璃板上,并使用卤灯(500W)进行曝光,其距离为30cm。120分钟后聚合物膜不粘手。
实施例C6 用可见光固化
将18.8mg(6.4×10-5mol)实施例A1中的光引发剂和10mg异丙基-9H-噻吨酮(6.4×10-5mol)溶解于400mg上述丙烯酸尿烷酯和丙二酸聚酯(1.3∶1)的混合物中。拉伸出50μm厚的膜铺至玻璃板上并使用卤灯(500W)进行曝光,其距离为30cm。120分钟后聚合物膜不粘手。
实施例C7-C8
将表6所示之量的实施例A3的光引发剂和异丙基-9H-噻吨酮(ITX)溶解于400mg上述丙烯酸尿烷酯和丙二酸聚酯(1.3∶1)的混合物中。拉伸出50μm厚的膜铺至玻璃板上,并使用TL03/40W灯进行曝光,其距离为30cm。4、6和24小时以后,每种情况下按照ASTMD1925-88测定康尼摆硬度(DIN53157)和泛黄指数。结果列于表7中。
表7
实施例 | 引发剂 | 摆测硬度 | ||
4小时 | 6小时 | 24小时 | ||
C7 | 25.0份 A312.5份 ITX | 48 | 71 | 154 |
C8 | 25.0份 A35.0份 ITX | 52 | 92 | 130 |
Claims (23)
2.根据权利要求1的有机化合物,其中通式(I)结构单元中含有通式(II)化合物,
其中R1为能够吸收波长范围为200-650nm光的芳族或杂芳族基团,并且这样能够使相邻碳-氮键的裂解;
R2和R3彼此单独为氢、C1-C18烷基、C3-C18链烯基、C3-C18炔基或苯基,而如果R2为氢或C1-C18烷基,则R3还可是-CO-R14,其中R14为C1-C18烷基或苯基;
或者R1和R3连同羰基和与R3相连的C原子一起形成苯并环戊酮基;
R5为C1-C18烷基或NR15R16;
R4,R6,R7,R15和R16彼此单独为氢或C1-C18烷基;或
R4和R6一起形成C2-C12亚烷基桥或不管R4和R6如何,
R5和R7一起形成C2-C12亚烷基桥或,如果R5为NR15R16,则R16和R7一起形成C2-C12亚烷基桥。
3.根据权利要求1的有机化合物,其中
R1为未被取代或被如下基团一次或多次取代的芳族基,这些基团为C1-C18烷基、C3-C18链烯基、C3-C18炔基、C1-C18卤代烷基、NO2、NR8R9、N3、OH、CN、OR10、SR10,C(O)R11、C(O)OR12或卤素,即所述R1选自苯基、萘基、菲基、蒽基、芘基、5,6,7,8-四氢-2-萘基、5,6,7,8-四氢-1-萘基、噻吩基、萘并[b]噻吩基、萘并[2,3-b]噻吩基、thiathrenyl、二苯并呋喃基、苯并吡喃基、占吨基、噻吨基、氧硫杂蒽基(phenoxathiinyl)、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吲嗪基、异吲哚基、吲哚基、吲唑基、嘌呤基、喹嗪基、异喹啉基、喹啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基、1,5-二氮杂萘基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、1,2-二氮杂萘基、蝶啶基、咔唑基、β-咔啉基、菲啶基、吖啶基、萘嵌二氮苯基、菲咯啉基、吩嗪基、异噻唑基、吩噻嗪基、异噁唑基、呋咱基、三联苯基、均二苯乙烯基、芴基或吩噁嗪基,或R1为通式A、B或C代表的基团
其中
R13为C1-C18烷基,C2-C18链烯基,C2-C18炔基,C1-C18卤代烷基,NO2,NR8R9,OH,CN,OR10,SR10,C(O)R11、C(O)OR12或卤素;
R8、R9、R10、R11和R12为氢或C1-C18烷基;以及
n为0或1,2或3。
4.根据权利要求1的有机化合物,其中R1为苯基、萘基、蒽基、噻吨基、二苯并呋喃基或芘基,所述苯基、萘基、蒽基、噻吨基和芘基为未被取代或被CN、N3、NR8R9、卤素、NO2、CF3、SR10或OR10取代一次或多次,或者R1为通式A、B或C所表示的基团,
其中n是0,以及基团R8、R9、R10和R13如权利要求3中所定义。
5.根据权利要求2的有机化合物,其中R2和R3彼此单独为氢,C1-C6烷基或苯基。
6.根据权利要求2的化合物,其中R4和R6一起形成C2-C6亚烷基桥。
7.根据权利要求2的化合物,其中R5和R7形成C2-C6亚烷基桥,或如果R5为NR15R16,则R16和R7一起形成C2-C6亚烷基桥。
8.根据权利要求2的通式(II)化合物,其中R1为苯基、萘基、蒽基、噻吨基、二苯并呋喃基或芘基,苯基为未被取代或被CN、NR8R9、N3、NO2、CF3、卤素、SR10或OR10取代一次或多次,或者R1为通式A、B或C所表示的基团
n是0,基团R8、R9、R10和R13为氢或C1-C14烷基;
R2和R3为氢或C1-C6烷基或苯基;
或R1和R3,连同羰基和与R3相连的C原子一起形成苯并环戊酮基;
R4,R6和R7彼此单独为氢或C1-C6烷基;
R5为C1-C6烷基或NR15R16,其中R15和R16为氢或C1-C6烷基;或
R4和R6一起形成C2-C6亚烷基桥;或不管R4和R6如何
R5和R7一起形成C2-C6亚烷基桥或,如果R5为NR15R16,则R16和R7一起形成C2-C6亚烷基桥。
9.制备有权利要求1通式I结构单元的化合物的方法,其中包括将含有通式III结构单元的化合物与含有通式IV结构单元的化合物反应,
其中R1如权利要求1中所定义,以及卤素为F,Cl,Br或I。
11.制备通式VII化合物的方法,
其中包括将权利要求2的通式II化合物以波长为200nm-650nm的光暴光。
12.一种组合物,其中包括
A)至少一种含有权利要求1的通式II结构单元的化合物和
B)至少一种能够进行碱催化加成反应或取代反应的有机化合物。
13.根据权利要求12的组合物,其中组分B)为可阴离子聚合或交联的有机物质。
14.根据权利要求12的组合物,其中组分B)是下面体系中的一种:
b)包括含羟基的聚丙烯酸酯、聚酯和/或聚醚以及脂肪族或芳族聚异氰酸酯的双组分体系;
c)包括功能聚丙烯酸酯和聚环氧化物的双组分体系,其中聚丙烯酸酯含有羧基或酐基;
i)包括含有环氧基的聚丙烯酸酯和含有羧基的聚丙烯酸酯的双组分体系;
m)包括(聚)醇和(聚)异氰酸酯的双组分体系;
n)包括α,β-烯键不饱和羰基化合物和含有活化CH2基团的化合物的双组分体系。
15.根据权利要求12的组合物,其中组分B)是环氧体系。
16.根据权利要求12的组合物,其中组分A)的含量根据组分B)重量计为0.01-10%。
17.根据权利要求12的组合物,其中还包括增感剂,增感剂选自噻吨酮、噁嗪、吖啶、吩嗪和若丹明。
19.根据权利要求18的方法,其中在曝光过程中或曝光之后进行加热。
21.根据权利要求20的有机化合物的用途,该化合物用来制备涂料、模制组合物或光结构层。
22.用权利要求12的组合物在其至少一面上已涂覆过的涂层基质。
23.根据权利要求13的聚合或交联的组合物。
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CH133/1997 | 1997-01-22 | ||
CH133/97 | 1997-01-22 | ||
CH13397 | 1997-01-22 |
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CN1244198A true CN1244198A (zh) | 2000-02-09 |
CN1138777C CN1138777C (zh) | 2004-02-18 |
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EP (1) | EP0971924B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4246268B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100505529B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1138777C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU719308B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9807502B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2276613C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69807322T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0971924T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2181162T3 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW432031B (zh) |
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- 1998-01-09 EP EP98902991A patent/EP0971924B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-09 ES ES98902991T patent/ES2181162T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-09 JP JP53152798A patent/JP4246268B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-09 DK DK98902991T patent/DK0971924T3/da active
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- 1998-01-09 BR BRPI9807502-0A patent/BR9807502B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101974112A (zh) * | 2010-11-16 | 2011-02-16 | 南通新昱化工有限公司 | 大分子双官能团胺基酮光引发剂及其制备方法 |
CN101974112B (zh) * | 2010-11-16 | 2012-05-30 | 南通新昱化工有限公司 | 大分子双官能团胺基酮光引发剂及其制备方法 |
CN103980181A (zh) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 山西大学 | 含有1-甲基-2-苯基吲哚骨架的三芳基锍盐及其制备方法 |
CN103980181B (zh) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-01-20 | 山西大学 | 含有1-甲基-2-苯基吲哚骨架的三芳基锍盐及其制备方法 |
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BR9807502B1 (pt) | 2008-11-18 |
EP0971924A1 (en) | 2000-01-19 |
AU5987398A (en) | 1998-08-18 |
JP4246268B2 (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
DE69807322D1 (de) | 2002-09-26 |
US20010027253A1 (en) | 2001-10-04 |
EP0971924B1 (en) | 2002-08-21 |
WO1998032756A1 (en) | 1998-07-30 |
ZA98474B (en) | 1998-07-22 |
CN1138777C (zh) | 2004-02-18 |
KR100505529B1 (ko) | 2005-08-04 |
DE69807322T2 (de) | 2003-04-17 |
US6277986B1 (en) | 2001-08-21 |
ES2181162T3 (es) | 2003-02-16 |
BR9807502A (pt) | 2000-03-21 |
DK0971924T3 (da) | 2002-12-16 |
TW432031B (en) | 2001-05-01 |
US20020077503A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
CA2276613C (en) | 2008-02-05 |
KR20000070399A (ko) | 2000-11-25 |
CA2276613A1 (en) | 1998-07-30 |
US6410628B1 (en) | 2002-06-25 |
JP2001512421A (ja) | 2001-08-21 |
AU719308B2 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
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