CN1237543A - 一种电镀废水处理方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- NKCCODPFBDGPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitridocarbon(1+) Chemical compound N#[C+] NKCCODPFBDGPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010786 composite waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- HEZMRBNCRSVIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium boric acid dihypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-].OB(O)O HEZMRBNCRSVIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011284 combination treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000004 severe toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明是一种处理电镀废水的方法，其特点是将氰化镀液废水、镀铬镀镍废水混合，加入NaOH溶液至pH>8.5，然后加入其有效氯为溶液中氰根五倍量的含氯氧化剂，搅拌至大量黑褐色絮凝物沉淀、氰化物完全分解，再按废水中六价铬28—32倍量投加硫酸亚铁还原剂，搅拌后静置出沉淀物得达标清水。该法工艺过程简单，设备与构筑物少，投资低，节省处理药剂，无腐蚀、处理量大，可进行自动化、连续化生产。
Description
本发明涉及电镀废水的处理方法。
电镀废水，如氰化镀液废水和镀镍、镀铬废水，必须经过处理，使废水中有毒的氰化物被氧化分解成无毒物质，六价铬还原为三价铬，并和所有重金属沉淀分离出来，电镀废水成为达标清水后才能排放，否则就会污染环境。现有电镀废水氧化还原的处理方法是含氰电镀废水与含铬电镀废水分别进行处理，即在碱性条件下用氧化剂处理废水中的氰化物；而在酸性条件下，以传统的氧化还原法还原处理镀铬废水中的六价铬。由于氰化物的氧化过程是间接进行，而含铬废水氧化前需用酸把废水的PH值调整为2-3左右，待六价铬还原后再用碱把废水PH值调节到＞7，使重金属离子沉降下来，因此处理所用的设备必须是两套。这样做的缺点是处理工艺流程长而复杂；处理设备构筑物多、投资大，处理过程操作繁琐，不易连续化、自动化。
本发明的目的是要提供一种在同一条件下、混合处理含氰含镍、铬电镀废水的方法，以简化工艺设备，降低投资，提高处理能力。
为达发明目的而提出的电镀废水处理方法是：
a、将氰化镀液废水、镀镍废水、镀铬废水按容积比1-10∶1-10∶1-10的比例混合，投加NaOH溶液至PH＞8.5。
b、按氰根∶有效氯(重量比)=1∶4-6的比例投加含氯氧化剂，在室温下搅拌30分钟以上，至黑褐色絮状物Ni(OH)3沉淀、氰化物完全氧化分解。
c、按废水中六价铬重量的28-32倍量投加还原剂硫酸亚铁或按六价铬重量的13-14倍量投加氯化亚铁，搅拌后静置出沉降物后分离，得达标清水。
为了确保废水中的氰化物被氧化时不会产生剧毒的氯化氰，并使所有氰根能迅速分解成无毒物，保证六价铬还原后，三价铬和所有重金属离子沉淀完全，要使处理后水的PH值保持7-9，再向混合电镀废水中投加NaOH溶液至最佳PH值10-13，并按氰根∶有效氯(最佳重量比)=1∶5的比例投加含氯氧化剂。
本发明的基本原理是：在碱性介质中、同一PH值下，Cr(Ⅵ-Ⅲ)的克氏量电位总是远远大于电对Fe(Ⅲ-Ⅱ)的克化量电位，因此于碱性介质中Fe++还原Cr6+在理论上是完全可能的。在处理过程中，当含氰废水在碱性介质中与含铬废水混合后，Cr6+与CN-并不发生反应。而投入次氯酸钠、漂白粉、液氯、二氧化氯等氧化剂时，氰根CN-很快被氧化分解成无毒物N2、H2、C2或碳酸盐。上述过程结束后，即可在碱性液中，用亚铁盐完全还原六价铬为三价铬，并使三价铬和所有重金属离子形成絮状物沉降分离，电镀废水即被处理成达标清水。
本发明电镀废水处理方法工艺过程简单，设备与构筑物少，投资低，节省处理药剂，无腐蚀，处理量大，可进行自动化、连续化生产。
实施例1，将5000L氰化镀铜废水、2000L镀镍废水、9000L镀铬废水混合，投加NaOH溶液至H≈13-14。测混合废水中Cu离子为90mg/L,CN-为60mg/L,Cr6+为150mg/L、Ni++为171mg/L。将有效氯浓度为80g/L的次氯酸钠60L加入混合溶液，搅拌1小时，至有大量黑色絮凝物沉淀，然后加入浓度为100g/L的FeSO4·7H2O溶液720L，搅拌2、3分钟后静置沉淀。沉淀物上的清液即为处理后的达标水，经检测，其中Cr总浓度0.521mg/L，Cr6+浓度0.327mg/L,Cu浓度0.351mg/L,Ni浓度0.23mg/L,C浓度0.16mg/L。
实施例2，将700L氰化镀锌废水、500L镀镍废水、500L镀铬废水混合，投加NaOH溶液至PH值为13。测混合废水中CN-浓度为80mg/L,Cr6+浓度为为100mg/L。将有效氯浓度为60g/L的漂白粉溶液12L加入混合溶液，搅拌30分钟，至有大量黑色絮凝物沉淀，然后加入浓度为120g/L的氯化亚铁溶液19L，搅拌后静置、沉淀得达标清水。
实施例3，将5M3氰化镀铜废水、20M3镀镍镀铬废水混合，混合液中Cr6+浓度为26.7mg/L、Cu浓度6.7mg/L、CN-浓度9.2mg/L、Ni浓度21.4mg/L。加入NaOH溶液使PH≈10，再加入有效氯浓度为100g/L的二氧化氯溶液12L加入混合溶液，搅拌半小时，至有大量黑色絮凝物沉淀，然后加入浓度为100g/L的硫酸亚铁溶液220L，搅拌后静置、沉淀后分离沉淀物得达标水。
Claims (3)
1、一种电镀废水处理方法，其特征在于：
a、将氰化镀液废水、镀镍废水、镀铬废水按容积比1-10∶1-10∶1-10的比例混合，投加NaOH溶液至PH＞8.5，
b、按氰根∶有效氯(重量比)=1∶4-6的比例投加含氯氧化剂，在室温下搅拌30分钟以上，至黑褐色絮状物Ni(OH)3沉淀、氰化物完全氧化分解，
c、按废水中六价铬重量的28-32倍量投加还原剂硫酸亚铁或六价铬重量的13-14倍量投加氯化亚铁，搅拌后静置出沉降物后分离，得达标清水。
2、根据权利要求1所述的电镀废水处理方法，其特征在于所说的向混合电镀废水中投加NaOH溶液至最佳PH值10-13，并按氰根∶有效氯(最佳重量比)=1∶5的比例投加含氯氧化剂。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的电镀为水处理方法，其特征在于所说的含氯氧化剂包括次氯酸钠、漂白粉、液氯、二氧化氯。
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| CN 99108260 CN1199872C (zh) | 1999-06-04 | 1999-06-04 | 一种电镀废水处理方法 |
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| CN 99108260 CN1199872C (zh) | 1999-06-04 | 1999-06-04 | 一种电镀废水处理方法 |
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| CN1237543A true CN1237543A (zh) | 1999-12-08 |
| CN1199872C CN1199872C (zh) | 2005-05-04 |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100390077C (zh) * | 2006-01-04 | 2008-05-28 | 四川安县银河建化集团有限公司 | 一种硫酸生产废水回收和利用的方法 |
| CN100427412C (zh) * | 2006-01-13 | 2008-10-22 | 江苏金麟环境科技有限公司 | 一种集中园区的电镀废水多级处理工艺 |
| CN101863567A (zh) * | 2010-04-29 | 2010-10-20 | 上海晶宇环境工程有限公司 | 一种五级破氰工艺 |
| CN101885546A (zh) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-11-17 | 重庆长安工业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种高氰电镀废液处理方法 |
| CN101070215B (zh) * | 2006-04-05 | 2012-10-24 | 肖应东 | 电镀废水回用工艺 |
| CN104386850A (zh) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-04 | 厦门百仕洁环保科技有限公司 | 一种同时去除电镀废水中六价铬与氰化物的处理方法 |
| CN104402144A (zh) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-03-11 | 华侨大学 | 一种电镀含氰综合废水的处理方法 |
| CN106148709A (zh) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-11-23 | 星特殊化学品（新加坡）有限公司 | 化学镀镍废液中的镍回收处理方法 |
| CN106348426A (zh) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-01-25 | 湖南科瑞生物制药股份有限公司 | 含氰化物工业废水的处理方法 |
| CN113754042A (zh) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-12-07 | 内蒙古金陶股份有限公司 | 一种氰化尾矿的脱氰处理方法及系统 |
-
1999
- 1999-06-04 CN CN 99108260 patent/CN1199872C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100390077C (zh) * | 2006-01-04 | 2008-05-28 | 四川安县银河建化集团有限公司 | 一种硫酸生产废水回收和利用的方法 |
| CN100427412C (zh) * | 2006-01-13 | 2008-10-22 | 江苏金麟环境科技有限公司 | 一种集中园区的电镀废水多级处理工艺 |
| CN101070215B (zh) * | 2006-04-05 | 2012-10-24 | 肖应东 | 电镀废水回用工艺 |
| CN101863567A (zh) * | 2010-04-29 | 2010-10-20 | 上海晶宇环境工程有限公司 | 一种五级破氰工艺 |
| CN101885546A (zh) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-11-17 | 重庆长安工业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种高氰电镀废液处理方法 |
| CN104386850A (zh) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-04 | 厦门百仕洁环保科技有限公司 | 一种同时去除电镀废水中六价铬与氰化物的处理方法 |
| CN104402144A (zh) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-03-11 | 华侨大学 | 一种电镀含氰综合废水的处理方法 |
| CN106148709A (zh) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-11-23 | 星特殊化学品（新加坡）有限公司 | 化学镀镍废液中的镍回收处理方法 |
| CN106148709B (zh) * | 2016-08-12 | 2018-01-05 | 星特殊化学品（新加坡）有限公司 | 化学镀镍废液中的镍回收处理方法 |
| CN106348426A (zh) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-01-25 | 湖南科瑞生物制药股份有限公司 | 含氰化物工业废水的处理方法 |
| CN113754042A (zh) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-12-07 | 内蒙古金陶股份有限公司 | 一种氰化尾矿的脱氰处理方法及系统 |
| CN113754042B (zh) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-09-22 | 内蒙古金陶股份有限公司 | 一种氰化尾矿的脱氰处理方法及系统 |
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