CN1236389A - 固体的制造方法及这类固体的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种固体颗粒,它是向形成萄聚糖的微生物中添加营养物,并干燥得到的粘液状物质而成,该固体颗粒适宜作包装材料、用以改良土壤、作食品或饲料、作饲养动物的铺垫,作色谱法的固定相以及作脱水剂。颗粒特有的多孔性可通过冷冻干燥或添加膨松剂达到。
Description
本发明涉及一种固体的制造方法及这类固体的用途。对于固体不仅应理解为不同大小的颗粒而且也应理解为任何形状的固体。
根据原料及所制得固体的用途，已知各种不同类型的制造固体的方法。
本发明的目的在于提供另一种制造固体的方法，该方法对原料的选择及其来源无特殊要求，且其产品能用于多种方面。
根据本发明之方法制造固体，需加入水性酸乳培养基营养物，并干燥所得到的物质。
水性酸乳培养基亦称日本海洋水晶(Japanische Meereskrislalle)，是白色透明的形状和大小不规则的无定形颗粒。该颗粒的平均直径约为一厘米，在显微镜下呈清如水晶。
水性酸乳与所谓的牛奶酸乳有所区别。牛奶酸乳在牛奶或乳清中生长，而水性酸乳则在添加糖和营养物的一般自来水中培育。只是水性酸乳形成众所周知的不定形颗粒，并在营养液中沉降。这种水性酸乳化制造各种饮料的过程中是熟知的。该水性酸乳是一种微生物的生活群落，其中包括各种乳酸菌。
水性酸乳培养基亦含有所谓的酸乳粒，它是一种由均相-和非均相发酵的乳杆菌属类和嗜温乳酸-链球菌和由制造二氧化碳和醇的酵母以及由醋酸菌组成的混合物。通常只采用由乳酸链球菌属和乳杆菌属的混合物作酸乳培养基。水性酸乳中的微生物将在两天之内繁殖一倍。
根据本发明，将水性酸乳培养基进行繁殖，所得到的物质为一种萄聚糖，然后进行干燥，使其成为固体。
水性酸乳的优点在于形成不溶于水的萄聚糖。因此获得萄聚糖所必需的后续工艺技术(“下游操作”(Down Stream Processing))得到很大的菌化，因为以不溶颗粒形式生成的萄聚糖可用简单的机械方法从溶液中分离，而不需要进行昂贵的提取分离。
根据所采用的营养物组成，向形成萄聚糖的微生物添加添加剂，诸如氮、磷、维生素或酸化剂，使微生物得到最佳的环境和最佳的养份。此外，通过调节最佳pH值以及提高温度到25℃-37℃可以达到提高萄聚糖的形成速度。
作为干燥方法最适宜的是空气干燥、喷雾干燥和真空干燥，而且干燥方法依产品预期的用途而定。根据所采用的干燥方法可制成颗粒、片状或呈干燥固体态。此外，该固体的颗粒大小还可通过进一步加工，例如通过粉碎加以调整。
制得的固体的特殊优点在于其生物可降解性，这种性质特别适宜于各种用途。但籍助于防腐剂可以防止或完全避免其生物可降解。
本方法的一个优选实施方案考虑采用废料，特别是不能喂养动物的废料作营养物。适宜作为废料的首先是制糖工业或糖加工工业和面粉制造或面粉加工工业的废料，这些废料的糖或淀粉的含量高。造纸工业的废料也适宜作营养物，只要添加相应的酶或另外一些微生物，即可使纤维素或淀粉分解为单糖或双糖。
该物质在干燥之前经注模可以改变制品的形状。此外干燥前的物质亦可通过挤压机挤压。这就可以得到各种用途所需要的颗粒大小。
一种有利的干燥方法是冷冻干燥。如果当该物质采用冷冻干燥时，可制造大小基本相同的颗粒，这些颗粒具有多孔的内部结构。该物质体积的增大开拓了该固体的应用范围，在这些范围内固体的多孔性会提高其应用效果。
在物质中添加膨松剂可提高制品的空隙率，膨松剂可理解为在热或化学物质作用下会释放气体的物质。这里首先应提及塑料-和建筑材料工业中制造发泡材料所用的发泡剂，以及焙制食品工业中使面团膨松的膨松剂或焙烤剂。
制得的物质亦可进行化学变性。这可使由液态物质到不定形物质，也可由烘干的物质，例如可成丝的物质附着由聚合物制成的离子型的可离解的基团，使其分子交联或裂解。这种液体的或固体的化学变性物质亦可用于护发剂或用作护发剂。
所描述的固体能用于各种应用范围。该固体特别重要的用途是作包装材料或包装辅助材料，至今它们以碎片、空心球或半球形或者与货物相配的形式用作包装材料或包装辅助材料。其优点在于，本发明的固体可与普通包装材料一起是可成堆肥的或者至少是可生物降解的。因此应用本发明之固体能大大简化包装材料或包装辅助材料的后续应用。
本发明之固体的另一重要应用范围是用作土壤改良。这里本发明之固体可充当疏松土壤的颗粒，它提高土壤的吸水和贮水的能力。
根据所用的原料，本发明的固体亦可用作食品或饲料。这里特别重要的是这种固体与传统的饲料相渗合。不仅该固体的相容性而且该固体的组份决定它可作为牛或猪的强化饲料应用。
该固体特宜于作脱水剂或吸收剂，因为其组成和物理结构是特别吸水性的。特别是将该固体精细研磨可使其成为一种超吸收剂，同时因为其生物可降解性也特别适宜作尿布。
本发明之固体的另一个应用范围是建筑工业，在这个领域中它可以颗粒形式或作为板材和成形体用作绝缘材料。
此外，该固体还可以颗粒形式作饲养动物的铺垫，特别是作猫的垫子。
该固体以固体电解质或在水溶液中作电解质的应用进一步扩大了其应用范围，例如作传感器，电池，燃料电池和电子开关电路。
最后，本发明的固体还可作色谱固定相，特别可应用于高效液体色谱中。
下面叙述本发明的一个实例。
在大池中注入制糖工业的含糖废液，添加水性酸乳，将pH值调到大约5，再向溶液加入氮、磷和维生素，以保证对微生物的最佳供应。大约两天之后通过微生物的加倍繁殖生成粘液状的物质，并在池底浓集，再经冷冻干燥。在冷冻干燥中生成直径约为4-5mm的多孔颗粒，然后可用作土壤改良剂、食品或饲料以及脱水剂。较大颗粒主要适宜作包装敏感货物的包装材料或包装辅助材料。
Claims (11)
1．一种制造固体的方法，其特征在于，向水性酸乳培养基中添加营养物，并干燥所形成的物质。
2．权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，采用废料，特别是用不能作动物饲料的废料作营养物。
3．上述权利要求中之一的方法，其特征在于，将该物质在干燥之前注模成形。
4．上述权利要求中之一的方法，其特征在于，将该物质冷冻干燥。
5．上述权利要求中之一的方法，其特征在于，向该物质添加膨松剂。
6．上述权利要求中之一的方法，其特征在于，使该物质进行化学变性。
7．权利要求1-6中之一的固体颗粒用作包装材料或包装辅助材料的应用。
8．权利要求1-6中之一的固体用作绝缘材料的应用。
9．权利要求1-6中之一的固体用作饲养动物的铺垫，特别是用作猫的垫子的应用。
10．权利要求1-6中之一的固体用作电解质，特别用作聚合电解质的应用。
11．权利要求1-6中之一的固体用作色谱法的固定相的应用。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19637112.0 | 1996-09-12 | ||
| DE19637112A DE19637112C2 (de) | 1996-09-12 | 1996-09-12 | Verfahren zur Herstellung fester Körper und Verwendung derartiger Körper |
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| CN1236389A true CN1236389A (zh) | 1999-11-24 |
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| CN97199517A Pending CN1236389A (zh) | 1996-09-12 | 1997-08-19 | 固体的制造方法及这类固体的应用 |
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| EP (1) | EP0929659B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2001501084A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1236389A (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE267243T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU4111197A (zh) |
| DE (2) | DE19637112C2 (zh) |
| TR (1) | TR199900562T2 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1998011201A1 (zh) |
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| DE10155469A1 (de) * | 2001-11-12 | 2003-05-28 | Hte Ag The High Throughput Exp | Poröse Materialien basierend auf templatbildenden Mikroorganismen |
| DE102009031244A1 (de) | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-13 | Bruno Gruber | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Trägersubstanz, Trägersubstanz und Behältnis für die Trägersubstanz |
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| FR1330904A (fr) * | 1962-05-18 | 1963-06-28 | Dispositif de préparation de boissons fermentées | |
| US4229440A (en) * | 1978-11-27 | 1980-10-21 | Fujiya Confectionery Company Limited | Pharmaceutical composition containing the polysaccharide KGF-C as active ingredient |
| US4702923A (en) * | 1985-10-08 | 1987-10-27 | Sennosuke Tokumaru | Lyophilized kefir yoghurt health food |
| IT1213444B (it) * | 1986-12-30 | 1989-12-20 | Sperimentale Del Latte S R L C | Fermenti lattici in associazione simbiotica e loro impiego nella preparazione di prodotti lattiero-caseari ed alimentari in genere. |
| DE3743136A1 (de) * | 1987-02-17 | 1988-09-01 | Siegel Rolf | Zell- und gewebekultursubstrate zur in vitro kultivierung von eukaryontischen zellen |
| JPS63279797A (ja) * | 1987-05-12 | 1988-11-16 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | ケフィアグレインからゲル化多糖類の製造法 |
| US4933191A (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1990-06-12 | Microlife Technics, Inc. | Novel dextran produced by leuconostoc dextranicum |
| US4855149A (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1989-08-08 | Microlife Technics, Inc. | Method for producing novel dried compositions containing polysaccharides |
| KR940003981B1 (ko) * | 1990-09-03 | 1994-05-10 | 김남철 | 명일초를 주재로한 발효 효소식품의 제조방법 |
| IT1254210B (it) * | 1992-02-10 | 1995-09-14 | Simone Claudio De | Composizioni dietetiche e/o farmaceutiche a base di batteri lattici liofilizzati, loro preparazione e impiego |
| DE4326118A1 (de) * | 1993-08-04 | 1995-02-09 | Buna Gmbh | Bioabbaubare, thermoplastisch verformbare Materialien aus Stärkeestern |
| DE4406639A1 (de) * | 1994-03-01 | 1995-09-21 | Caspari Klaus J | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Formkörpern aus cellulosehaltigem, pflanzlichem Material und deren Verwendung |
| DE9421178U1 (de) * | 1994-04-06 | 1995-08-03 | Urbahn Degenhard | Einstreu für Kleintiere und Katzen |
| GB2303630A (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 1997-02-26 | Hur Bang Uk | Cushioning and heat-insulating packaging material made of foamed cellulose |
-
1996
- 1996-09-12 DE DE19637112A patent/DE19637112C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-08-19 JP JP10513109A patent/JP2001501084A/ja active Pending
- 1997-08-19 TR TR1999/00562T patent/TR199900562T2/xx unknown
- 1997-08-19 AT AT97938783T patent/ATE267243T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-08-19 EP EP97938783A patent/EP0929659B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-19 CN CN97199517A patent/CN1236389A/zh active Pending
- 1997-08-19 DE DE59711643T patent/DE59711643D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-08-19 WO PCT/DE1997/001788 patent/WO1998011201A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1997-08-19 AU AU41111/97A patent/AU4111197A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1998011201A1 (de) | 1998-03-19 |
| JP2001501084A (ja) | 2001-01-30 |
| EP0929659B1 (de) | 2004-05-19 |
| TR199900562T2 (xx) | 1999-06-21 |
| DE19637112A1 (de) | 1998-03-19 |
| ATE267243T1 (de) | 2004-06-15 |
| DE59711643D1 (de) | 2004-06-24 |
| AU4111197A (en) | 1998-04-02 |
| DE19637112C2 (de) | 1999-11-18 |
| EP0929659A1 (de) | 1999-07-21 |
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