CN1231774C - 宽带光器件上的光纤及其光纤器件 - Google Patents

宽带光器件上的光纤及其光纤器件 Download PDF

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CN1231774C
CN1231774C CNB998039136A CN99803913A CN1231774C CN 1231774 C CN1231774 C CN 1231774C CN B998039136 A CNB998039136 A CN B998039136A CN 99803913 A CN99803913 A CN 99803913A CN 1231774 C CN1231774 C CN 1231774C
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CN1292883A (zh
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高年完
金镇夏
李峰玩
尹锡贤
金炳允
吴庆焕
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Al Ahmed Optical Co.,Ltd.
Novaer Optical Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0128Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects
    • G02F1/0131Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects based on photo-elastic effects, e.g. mechanically induced birefringence
    • G02F1/0134Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects based on photo-elastic effects, e.g. mechanically induced birefringence in optical waveguides
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/14Mode converters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G02B6/2753Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
    • G02B6/2793Controlling polarisation dependent loss, e.g. polarisation insensitivity, reducing the change in polarisation degree of the output light even if the input polarisation state fluctuates
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29371Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion
    • G02B6/29374Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide
    • G02B6/29376Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide coupling light guides for controlling wavelength dispersion, e.g. by concatenation of two light guides having different dispersion properties
    • G02B6/29377Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide coupling light guides for controlling wavelength dispersion, e.g. by concatenation of two light guides having different dispersion properties controlling dispersion around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm

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Abstract

根据本发明,实现一个宽带、不依赖偏光、低损耗的光纤开关是很容易的。尤其属这种器件只用光纤来制成,因此将来可用于掺铒光纤放大器的输出功率的控制及增益的控制一;可用做n×n矩阵开关;还可用在低传输率(<100千赫)的调制器及低价开关上。

Description

宽带光器件上的光纤及其光纤器件
本发明涉及光纤技术领域  特别是一种宽带光器件上的光纤及其光纤器件。
众所周知,基本模式(LP01)和二次模式(LP11)相简并的双重模式光纤器件能用于光频调制器或可变波长滤波器上这种双重模式光纤器件上,其带宽决定于上述二个简并模的拍频长度的色散,目前这种双重模式光纤器件主要用于其线宽在10纳米以下的具有相对窄带特性的滤波器中,但是,上述二个空间模式在具有同一群速度的波长上,其拍频长度将与波长无关,即在这一波长附近拍频长度的色散很小,因此利用简并该二个模的器件能工作在一个宽频带上,另外,在波导中定义的无量纲归一化频率,对阶跃型光纤而言,将以如下数学式来定义:
v = 2 πr co λ n 2 ∞ - n 2 cl (数学式1)
式中,ν为归一化频率;rco为纤芯半径;λ为真空中的光波波长;
       nco为纤芯折射率;ncl为包层折射率。
然而,就具有阶跃型折射率的圆芯光纤而言,LP01模与LP11模的拍频长度色散变得最小的第一个归一化频率值,约为3,对LP11模以上的高次模而言,随着模式、归一化频率在大于3的数值上将出现一个拍频长度色散最小的归一化频率,另外、在单模光纤中利用简并来传播纤芯的LP01模与传播包层的包层模时,色散最小的归一化频率存在于归一化频率值在2.4以下的区域中,例如、对具有阶跃型折射率的一般圆型纤芯的光纤而言,纤芯的LP01模与包层的LP11模之间的拍频长色散变得最小的归一化频率值约为0.7;LP01模与包层LP14模之间色散最小的归一化频率值约为1.3,色散变得最小的归一化频率之精确值将随其光纤的结构,即随折射率的分布而定;因此,对光纤的结构参数,如对纤芯半径、纤芯折射率及包层折射率进行适当的调整,那么在光频带中,让其具有一个归一化频率值,使得LP01模与LP11模的拍频长变色散最小,借以实现宽带光纤器件。
本发明的目的是提供一种具有归一化频率,并使其能用于宽带中工作的光器件上的宽带光器件上的光纤和利用上述的光纤去实现宽带、不依赖偏振光、低损耗的各种各样的光纤器件。
本发明是这样实现的,宽带光器件上的光纤是通过调节纤芯半径、纤芯折射率及包层折射率等光纤结构参数,使穿过光纤的第一模式和第二模式之间的拍频长度,在光传输的工作频带中不依赖于光波波长,使其在光信号频带中具有一个归一化频率值,而且让第一及第二模式之间的拍频长度色散变得最小的光纤。
宽带光器件上的光纤器件包括导入入射光的单模光纤;该导入入射光的单模光纤与单模光纤相连接,而且在光信号频带中具有一个归一化频率值,使上述第一及第二模式之间的拍频长度之色散变得最小,该光纤在光传输的工作频带中通过调节纤芯半径、纤芯折射率及包层折射率等光纤结构参数,使通过自身的第一模式和第二模式之间的拍频长度与光波波长无关,调节结构参数的光纤中能传输偏折声波的声波发生,连接到一个调节过结构参数的光纤上,而且通过该光纤的光束中对一些模式进行滤除或选择。
根据本发明,实现一个宽带、不依赖偏光、低损耗的光纤开关是很容易的。尤其是这种器件只用光纤来制成,因此将来可用于掺铒光纤放大器的输出功率的控制及增益的控制;可用做n×n矩阵开关;还可用在低传输率(<100千赫)的调制器及低价开关上。
以下结合附图对本发明做进一步的描述;
图1是本发明的一个实例,示出光纤开关的更概结构。
图2a是一个光波波长的函数,示出与拍频长度平方成反比的相位耦合声波频率曲成。
图2b示出图1光纤开关的传输特性曲线。
图3示出图1光纤开关的开关特性曲线。
该宽带光器件上的光纤,是通过调节纤芯半径、纤芯折射率及包层折射率等光纤结构参数,使穿过光纤的第一模式和第二模式之间的拍频长度,在光传输的工作频带中不依赖于光波波长,使其在光信号频带中具有一个归一化频率值,而且让第一及第二模式之间的拍频长度色散变得最小的光纤;宽带光器件上的光纤器件,包括导入入射光的单模光纤;该导入入射光的单模光纤与单模光纤相连接,而且在光信号频带中具有一个归一化频率值,使上述第一及第二模式之间的拍频长度之色散变得最小,该光纤在光传输的工作频带中通过调节纤芯半径、纤芯折射率及包层折射率等光纤结构参数,使通过自身的第一模式和第二模式之间的拍频长度与光波波长无关,调节结构参数并能传输偏折声波的声波发生的光纤;连接到一个调节过结构参数的光纤上,而且通过该光纤的光束中对一些模式进行滤除或选择,或者,上述光纤选一个椭圆率小于0.9的椭圆纤芯二重模式光纤也可;这里椭圆率系指短轴与长轴之比;否则,将上述的光纤选为单模光纤也可;这时、纤芯及包层的模式分别让其相当于上述的第一及第二模式便可;本发明的光纤器件有如下几种功能,在上述本发明的调整过结构参数的光纤上,导入入射光的单模光纤与单模光纤相连接,而且在光信号频带中具有一个归一化频率值,使上述第一及第二模式之间的拍频长度之色散变得最小,该光纤在光传输的工作频带中通过调节纤芯半径、纤芯折射率及包层折射率等光纤结构参数,使通过自身的第一模式和第二模式之间的拍频长度与光波波长无关,调节结构参数的光纤中能传输偏折声波的声波发生,连接到一个调节过结构参数的光纤上,而且通过该光纤的光束中对一些模式进行滤除或选择,在这种情形下,调整过结构参数的光纤,也可以使用椭圆率小于0.9的椭圆纤芯双重模式光纤或者单模光纤。在使用单模光纤时,上述的第一模式和第二模式将分别相当于纤芯模式和包层模式,在构成光纤器件时,在上述单模光纤与调整过结构参数的光纤之间还可以增添输入端的滤除/选择手段;另外,作为上述输入端模式选择手段,还可以把光纤绕成小曲率线绻,利用其挠曲损耗去清除高次模式;或者作为上述输入端模式选择手段,将上述的单模光纤和另一单模光纤制成一个模式选择耦合器。如果利用该耦合器则可实现一个具有1×2光开关功能的光纤器件;这里,上述的另一单模光纤,其有效折射率应与上述第二模式的有效折射率相同;作为上述输入端模式选择手段,还可以把上述单模光纤与调整过结构参数的上述光纤相互接合的地方制成一个渐变双锥结构,形成一个过滤器,只允许通过一个模式;另外,在本发明的光纤器件中,还有可执行1×2光开关功能的器件。它是由上述的对传输光进行滤除/选择方法形成的模式选择耦合器构成的;该模式选择耦合器由单模光纤制成。单模光纤的有效折射率与上述第二模式的有效折射率相同;对上述传输光束的模式滤除/选择手段可由把光纤绻续成小曲率,通过其挠曲损耗去滤除高次模式的滤除器形成,也可由把光纤制成渐变双锥结构而只允许通过一个模式的模式滤除器形成。如果滤除/选择手段按上述方法分别形成时,本发明的光纤器件,可执行1×1光开关或追加器的功能;如果,上述对传输光的滤除/选择手段由模式选择耦合器来形成,那么本发明的光纤器件可执行2×2光开关功能或者追加/滤除多重器的功能,再则,为了消除随温度变化而使光纤长度产生变化,同时为了保护光纤,须要把上述单模导入光纤和调整过结构参数的光纤套入到一个与长度随温度的变化率与其相同的套管中;除此之外,联接使用上述各式各样的光器件还可以去执行矩阵开关功能;只用一个器件还可以将传输过来的光信号予以返送,以此执行一种折返开关功能。
为实施发明的最佳形态下面,参照附图对本发明的实施例子进行说明,根据本发明的概念,可以去实施各种光纤器件,但是,在本实例中将以光开关为中心加以说明,本发明的工作者们,利用在1550纳米附近归一化频率约为3的双重模式光纤,开发了一种不依赖偏光、低损耗、宽带的声光振幅调制器。该器件,为了防止输出过大,根据通道的追加/滤除器,对掺铒光纤放大器的信号输出变化有必要进行调节的分波多重通信系统中,将会得到重要的应用。另外,如果这个器件与模式选择耦合器一同使用,那么还可以形成一个1×2的开关,图1示出一个光开关的结构,该开关是基于通过偏折声波的声光模式耦合形成的。如果沿着光纤行进的声波波长跟模式之间的拍频长度相一致,那么就形成一个模式耦合。双重模式光纤(10)连接到一般单模光纤(20)上。光纤(10)的纤芯和包层折射率之差约为0.007(nco-nce=0.007),纤芯半径为5微米,包层直径为80微米。这时为了使不希望发生的二次模式控制到最小,把纤芯对准误差控制到极小。为使在除掉光纤聚合物护套的25毫米声光耦合区间(r)中,为了只允许基本模式的传输光输入和输出,在两侧分别装上了用小曲率卷起的由双重模式光纤制成的模式滤除器(30,30’)。为了诱导偏折声波到声光耦合区(r)中,使用了声响喇叭(50);声波的波长将由向声响喇叭提供音频声波的音频信号发生器(40)来控制。这种光开关的性能,对随温度变化而产生光纤长度变化反应得非常敏感,因此,为消除因温度变化而产生光纤长度的变化,并且为保护光纤,光纤部分将装进一个其随温度的长度变化率与光纤相同的材料制成的,例如石英玻璃管中为好;图2a是一个光波波长的函数,示出与拍频长度平方成反比的相位耦合声波频率之曲线。如果能参照图2a则可知,拍频长度大约在1550纳米附近显得最小,再者,图2b示出图1光纤开关的传输特性曲线。如果参照图2b,那么可知,当声波频率为2.024兆赫时,在1510-1590纳米的80纳米以上的波段中,模式耦合得使模式滤除效果之偏差控制在1分贝以下,而且显得很均匀。未加高频信号时,由连接部和模式滤除器引起的插入损耗仅为1分贝。当外加高频信号时,与偏光状态无关,显示出16分贝以上的消光度。图3是利用激光二极管和调幅的高频信号去测量图1示出的光开关的开关特性曲线。参照图3可知,开启和关闭的延时时间(10%-90%的范围)均为11微秒,其中初始的开关延时时间约7微秒是相当于图1中示出的声响喇叭内的声波传播所需时间。开关特性对1525、1545及1560纳米的三个波长,几乎都一样。

Claims (4)

1、一种宽带光器件上的光纤,其特征是通过调节纤芯半径、纤芯折射率及包层折射率等光纤结构参数,使穿过光纤的第一模式和第二模式之间的拍频长度,在光传输的工作频带中不依赖于光波波长,使其在光信号频带中具有一个归一化频率值,而且让第一及第二模式之间的拍频长度色散变得最小;当光纤是一个椭圆纤芯双重模式光纤时,其椭圆率在0.9以下;当光纤是一个单模光纤时,第一及第二模式分别为纤芯及包层模式。
2、一种宽带光学器件上的光纤器件,其特征是:它包括
导入入射光的单模光纤;
连接到单模光纤上的另一个光纤,即第二光纤,而且它具有一个归一化的频率值,通过调节第二光纤包括纤芯半径、纤芯折射率及包层折射率结构参数,使得第二光纤第一及第二模式之间的拍频长度的色散变得最小,以便使通过自身的第一模式和第二模式之间的拍频长度与光波波长无关;
声波发生手段,它利用调节的结构参数,用做在光纤中产生偏折声波。
3、根据权利要求2所述的一个宽带光器件上的光纤器件,其特征是调节过结构参数的上述光纤是一个椭圆纤芯双重模式光纤,其椭圆率在0.9以下。
4、根据权利要求2所述的一个宽带光器件上的光纤器件,其特征是调节过结构参数的上述光纤是一个单模光纤,而且第一及第二模式分别是纤芯及包层模式。
CNB998039136A 1998-12-10 1999-12-10 宽带光器件上的光纤及其光纤器件 Expired - Fee Related CN1231774C (zh)

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