CN1230180A - 具有d4受体选择性的哌嗪衍生物 - Google Patents

具有d4受体选择性的哌嗪衍生物 Download PDF

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CN1230180A
CN1230180A CN97197883A CN97197883A CN1230180A CN 1230180 A CN1230180 A CN 1230180A CN 97197883 A CN97197883 A CN 97197883A CN 97197883 A CN97197883 A CN 97197883A CN 1230180 A CN1230180 A CN 1230180A
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piperazine
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phenyl
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M·阿尔特
H·伯特彻
G·巴托斯兹克
C·西夫里德
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Abstract

式Ⅰ的哌嗪衍生物,其中R1和R2具有权利要求1中给出的含义,它们是对D4受体具有选择性的多巴胺配体,并适于治疗和预防焦虑状态,抑郁,精神分裂症,强迫症,帕金森氏病,迟发型运动障碍,恶心和胃肠道紊乱。

Description

具有D4受体选择性的哌嗪衍生物
本发明涉及式Ⅰ的哌嗪衍生物:
Figure A9719788300051
其中:
R1是吡啶基或苯基,它们各自被Ph或2-噻吩基或3-噻吩基单取代,
R2是Ph’或Het,
Ph和Ph’彼此独立地为苯基,这两个基团各自可能是未取代的,或是被F,Cl,Br,I,OH,OA,A,CF3,NO2,CN,COA,CONH2,CONHA,CONA2或2-或3-噻吩基单取代、二取代或三取代,
Het是饱和的、部分不饱和或完全不饱和的,具有5-10个环原子的单环或双环杂环基,有可能存在1或2个N原子和/或1或2个O原子,并且该杂环基有可能被F,Cl,Br,I,OA,CF3,A或NO2单取代或二取代,和
A是具有1-6个C原子的烷基,及其生理学上可接受的盐。
本发明的目的是发现能用于制备药物的新化合物。
已发现式Ⅰ化合物和它们的生理学上可接受的酸加成盐具有重要的药理学性能。该式Ⅰ化合物是多巴胺配体,与D2和D3受体相比,它对D4受体有选择性(与Greese等人在欧洲药理学杂志46,377-381(1977)中的记载类似的方法);3H-螺环哌啶酮作为多巴胺受体和克隆的人多巴胺D4、D3和D2受体(购自:受体生物学公司,Baltimore MD 21227,USA)的配体。这些化合物适于治疗精神分裂症、认知不足、焦虑、抑郁、恶心、迟发性运动障碍、胃肠道紊乱或帕金森氏病。它们对中枢神经系统起作用,主要是附加的5-HT1A-兴奋和5-HT再摄取抑制作用。另外,这些化合物具有5-羟色胺兴奋和拮抗性能。它们抑制氚化5-羟色胺配体与海马受体的结合(Cossery等人,欧洲药理学杂志140(1987),143-155)。还观察到了纹状体中DOPA累积的变化和核缝中5-HTP累积的变化(Seyfried等人,欧洲药理学杂志160(1989),31-41)。此外,也观察到了镇痛和抗高血压作用;因此,在插入导管的清醒的自发高渗的大鼠中(种SHR/Okamoto/NIH-MO-CHB-Kisslegg;方法,参阅Weeks和Jones,实验生物学与实验医学会会志104(1960),646-648),当口服给予这些化合物后直接测量的血压值降低了。它们还适于预防和控制大脑梗塞(脑卒中)的后遗症,如中风和大脑局部出血。
因此,式Ⅰ化合物和它们的生理学上可接受的酸加成盐可用作抗焦虑药、抗抑郁药、抗精神病药、精神抑制药和/或抗高渗药的药物活性成分,并且还可用作制备其他药物活性成分的中间体。
本发明涉及式Ⅰ的哌嗪衍生物,并涉及它们的生理学上可接受的酸加成盐。
基团A是具有1、2、3、4、5或6个,特别是1或2个碳原子的烷基,优选甲基,此外还有乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,仲丁基或叔丁基。OA优选为甲氧基,此外还有乙氧基,正丙氧基,异丙氧基,正丁氧基,异丁氧基,仲丁氧基或叔丁氧基。NHA优选为甲氨基,此外还有乙氨基,异丙氨基,正丁氨基,异丁氨基,仲丁氨基或叔丁氨基。NA2优选为二甲氨基,此外还有N-乙基-N-甲氨基,二乙氨基,二正丙氨基,二异丙氨基或二正丁氨基。于是,CO-NHA优选为N-甲基氨基甲酰基或N-乙基氨基甲酰基;CO-NA2优选为N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰基或N,N-二乙基氨基甲酰基。
基团R1优选为未取代的或被3-噻吩基单取代的苯基,未取代的或被OA、CN、CF3、F、Br或Cl单取代的联苯基,或是可特别优选地被3-噻吩基、苯基或邻-、间-或对-F-苯基取代的2-、3-或4-吡啶基。如果R1是取代或未取代的吡啶基,则优选为3-吡啶基。
基团R2优选为未取代的或被F、Cl、Br、OH、OA、A、CONH2、COA、CF3、CN和/或NO2单-、二-或三取代的苯基,或是类似地取代的Het,Het有可能优选为1,4-苯并二噁烷,2-、3-或4-吡啶基,2-、4-、5-或6-嘧啶基,3-或4-哒嗪基,2-或3-吡嗪基。
诸如象Ph等可在一个分子中出现一次以上的所有基团可以是相同的或不同的,这一规则应用于整个发明。
因此,本发明尤其涉及这样一些式Ⅰ化合物,其中上面所提到的基团中至少有一个具有上文所给出的优选含义中的一种。几组优选的化合物可由下述式Ⅰa到Ⅰk来表达,它们与式Ⅰ相对应,并且其中未进一步详细描述的基团具有式Ⅰ中所给出的含义,但其中:
在Ⅰa中,R1是在5位上取代的3-吡啶基;
在Ⅰb中,R2是2-嘧啶基;
在Ⅰc中,R1是苯基,而R2是吡啶基或嘧啶基,它们各自是未取代的或单取代的;
在Ⅰd中,R1是联苯基,而R2是未取代的或一-、二-或三取代的苯基;
在Ⅰe中,R1是联苯基,而R2是未取代的或单取代的1,4-苯并二噁烷基,苯并呋喃基,吡啶基,吡嗪基,哒嗪基或嘧啶基;
在Ⅰf中,R1与Ⅰa或Ⅰb中给出的含义相同,而R2是一-、二-或三取代的苯基;
在Ⅰg中,R1与Ⅰa或Ⅰb中给出的含义相同,而R2是单取代或未取代的吡啶基,嘧啶基,吡嗪基或哒嗪基;
在Ⅰh中,R2是2-嘧啶基,而R1是间位取代的苯基或是在5位上取代的吡啶-3-基;
在Ⅰi中,R2是2-嘧啶基,而R1是取代的苯基或取代的吡啶-3-基,取代基优选为OCH3,F或2-或3-噻吩基;
在Ⅰk中,R1与Ⅰa中给出的含义相同,而取代基是苯基或邻-或对-氟苯基。
本发明还涉及式Ⅰ的哌嗪衍生物及其盐的制备方法,其特征在于使式Ⅱ化合物与式Ⅲ化合物反应,
Figure A9719788300081
其中R2具有上面所提到的含义,
R1-CH2-L    Ⅲ其中:
L是Cl、Br、I、OH、O-GO-A、O-GO-Ph、O-SO2-Ar,Ar代表苯基或甲苯基,而A代表烷基,或另一个已反应性酯化的OH基团,或容易亲核取代的离去基团,和
R1具有上面所提到的含义,或者特征在于使式Ⅳ化合物与式Ⅴ化合物反应,
H2N-R2     Ⅳ其中R2具有上文所提到的含义,
Figure A9719788300082
其中:
X1和X2可以是相同或不同的,为Cl、Br、I、OH或反应性的、官能改性的OH基团,而R1具有上面所提到的含义,或者特征在于使式Ⅵ化合物与式Ⅶ化合物反应,
Figure A9719788300083
其中R2、X1和X2具有上文中已给出的含义,
R1-CH2-NH2    Ⅶ其中R1具有上文中提到的含义,或者特征在于用还原剂处理一种化合物,该化合物在其它方面与式Ⅰ相对应,但它含有一个或多个可还原基团和/或一个或多个额外的C-C和/或C-N键代替一个或多个氢原子,或者特征在于用溶剂分解剂处理一种化合物,该化合物在其它方面与式Ⅰ相对应,但它含有一个或多个可溶剂分解的基团代替一个或多个氢原子,和/或特征在于,如果合适,将基团R1和/或R2转化为另一个基团R1和/或R2,例如裂开OA基团而形成OH基团和/或衍生CN、COOH或COOA基团,和/或,例如特征在于将伯或仲N原子烷基化和/或将所得式Ⅰ的碱或酸通过用酸或碱进行处理而转化为其盐。
此外,式Ⅰ化合物可用文献(例如在标准出版物如Houben-Weyl,Methoden der Organischen Chemie[有机化学中的方法],Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart;有机反应,John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,纽约;DE-A 41 01 686中)描述的本质上已知的方法制备,在已知并适于上面所提到的反应的反应条件下进行。也有可能使用本质上已知且在本文中不再进一步详细描述的变体。
如果需要,所要求保护的方法的原料也可用这样一种方式就地形成:不将它们与反应混合物分离,而是立即进一步反应得到式Ⅰ化合物。
通常,式Ⅱ和式Ⅲ化合物是已知的,那些不是已知的式Ⅱ和式Ⅲ化合物也容易与已知化合物类似地得到。
多数式Ⅱ的哌嗪衍生物是已知的,并可用下述方法制备,例如让双(2-氯乙基)胺或相应的氯化铵与式Ph’-NH2的苯胺衍生物、氨基萘衍生物或氨基联苯衍生物反应,或与式Het-NH2的氨基取代的杂环化合物反应。
通常,式Ⅲ的吡啶、苄基化合物、萘衍生物或联苯衍生物是已知的,并且在多数情况下可从商业上获得。另外,这些化合物也可从已知化合物通过亲电的,或者在特定情况下,也可是亲核的芳族取代反应而制备。不过,式Ⅲ化合物尤其可通过将基团L引入式R1-CH3化合物中而制得,例如通过基团取代反应,或者通过将式Ⅲ化合物中现存的基团L转化为不同的基团L。因此,例如,可将OH基团酯化或令其与卤素进行亲核取代反应。
化合物Ⅱ与Ⅲ的反应可用从文献中得知的有关胺的烷基化反应的方法进行。在无溶剂存在下,如果合适的话,这些成分可以一起在密封管中或在高压釜中熔解。不过,也有可能使这些化合物在惰性溶剂的存在下进行反应。合适的溶剂的实例是烃类,诸如苯,甲苯,二甲苯;酮,诸如丙酮,丁酮;醇,诸如甲醇,乙醇,异丙醇,正丁醇;醚,诸如四氢呋喃(THF)或二噁烷;酰胺,诸如二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)或N-甲基吡咯烷酮;腈,诸如乙腈,如果合适,也可以是这些溶剂彼此形成的混合物,或是与水形成的混合物。加入酸结合剂,例如加入碱金属氢氧化物、碱金属碳酸盐、碱金属碳酸氢盐、碱土金属氢氧化物、碱土金属碳酸盐或碱土金属碳酸氢盐,或加入碱金属或碱土金属的另外的弱酸盐,优选钾、钠或钙盐,或者加入有机碱诸如三乙胺、二甲基苯胺、吡啶或喹啉,或加入过量的式Ⅱ哌嗪衍生物是有益的。根据主要的条件,反应时间在数分钟到14天之间,而反应温度在约0到150℃之间,通常在20到130℃之间。
另外,可通过式Ⅳ的胺与式Ⅴ化合物反应来制备式Ⅰ化合物。
通常,式Ⅳ的胺是已知的。此外它们可通过例如还原合适的硝基化合物而制得,该硝基化合物有可能象通常已知的那样,通过对芳环的硝化而制得。
例如,通过将式:烷基OOC-CH2-N(CH2R1)-CH2-COO烷基的二酯还原得到式HO-CH2-CH2-N(CH2R1)-CH2-CH2OH化合物,接着,如果合适,通过与SOCl2或PBr3反应可制得式Ⅴ化合物。
式Ⅴ化合物也可通过式HN(CH2-CH2X1)(CH2-CH2-X2)的仲胺与式R1-CH2-Hal(Hal=Cl,Br)的卤化物反应而制得。
为了制备式Ⅰ化合物,还可以使式Ⅵ化合物与式Ⅶ的胺反应。式Ⅵ化合物与式Ⅴ化合物结构相似,并可类似地制备。式Ⅶ化合物与式Ⅴ的胺也是同样的情况。另外,式Ⅶ的胺也可利用本质上已知的合成伯胺的方法制备,例如Gabriel合成法。
化合物Ⅳ和Ⅴ,或化合物Ⅵ与Ⅶ的反应利用从文献中获知的有关胺的烷基化的方法进行,它们已在上文中指出。
另外,通过用还原剂处理含有一个或多个可还原基团和/或一个或多个额外的C-C和/或C-N键代替氢原子的前体也可得到式Ⅰ化合物,该处理优选在-80℃到250℃的温度下,在至少一种惰性溶剂的存在下进行。
可还原基团(可被氢替代的基团)特别是,羰基中的氧,羟基,芳基磺酰氧基(例如对甲苯磺酰氧基),N-苯磺酰基,N-苄基或O-苄基。
原则上,有可能将仅含有一个,或含有彼此相邻的两个或多个上述基团,或额外键的那些化合物通过还原而转化为式Ⅰ化合物;起始化合物含有的基团Ⅰ中的取代基可同时被还原。为了这一目的,优选使用初生氢或复合金属氢化物,以及Wolff-Kishner还原反应,和利用氢气与过渡金属催化的还原反应。
如果用初生氢作为还原剂,例如,它可通过用弱酸或用碱处理金属而产生。例如,可以使用锌与碱金属氢氧化物溶液的混合物或铁与醋酸的混合物。使用溶解在醇如乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、戊醇或异戊醇或苯酚中的钠或另一种碱金属也是合适的。另外也可使用在碱性水溶液中的铝镍合金,如果合适可加入乙醇。还适于产生初生氢的是在含水酒精溶液或水溶液中的钠汞齐或铝汞齐。该反应也可在非均相中进行,方便的是使用水相和苯或甲苯相。
另外可特别有益地使用的还原剂是复合金属氢化物,诸如LiAlH4,NaBH4,二异丁基氢化铝或NaAl(OCH2CH2OCH3)2H2和乙硼烷,如果需要可加入催化剂如BF3,AlCl3或LiBr。特别适合于该目的的溶剂是醚,如二乙醚,二正丁醚,THF,二噁烷,二甘醇二甲醚或1,2-二甲氧基乙烷,以及烃如苯。适合于用NaBH4的还原反应的溶剂主要是醇,如甲醇或乙醇,此外还有水,和含水酒精。当实施这些方法时,还原反应优选在-80℃到150℃的温度下,特别是在约0到约100℃的温度下进行。
酰胺中的-CO基团可特别有益地利用THF中的LiAlH4在约0到66℃的温度下还原为CH2基团。
此外有可能利用Wolff-Kishner的方法将一个或多个羰基还原为CH2基团,例如通过用在无水乙醇中的无水肼在约150到250℃的温度下加压进行处理。醇钠可有利地作为催化剂。该还原反应也可以按照Huang-Minlon方法变化,通过与水合肼在可与水混溶并具有高沸点的溶剂如二甘醇或三甘醇中,在碱如氢氧化钠的存在下进行反应。通常,该反应混合物沸腾约3-4小时。
随后将水蒸馏掉,所形成的腙在不超过约200℃的温度下分解。该Wolff-Kishner还原反应也可在室温下在二甲亚砜中利用腙进行。
此外,也可能利用氢气与过渡金属,例如阮内镍或钯的催化作用来完成某些还原反应。以此方式,例如Cl、Br、I、SH,或在某些情况下是OH基团,可由氢替代。同样,通过催化氢化反应,利用在甲醇中的Pd/H2可将硝基转化为NH2基团。
其它方面与式Ⅰ相对应但含有一个或多个可溶剂分解的基团代替一个或多个H原子的化合物可被溶剂分解,特别是水解,得到式Ⅰ化合物。
溶剂分解反应的原料可以通过例如与式Ⅲ相对应但含有一个或多个可溶剂分解的基团代替一个或多个H原子的式Ⅱ化合物的反应而得到。
此外,利用本质上已知的方法可将式Ⅰ化合物转化为不同的式Ⅰ化合物。
其中R1是被CONH2、CONHA或CONA2取代的基团的式Ⅰ化合物可以利用部分水解而从合适的取代的式Ⅰ化合物衍生得到。另外也有可能首先将氰基取代的式Ⅰ化合物水解得到酸并用伯胺或仲胺将该酸酰胺化。优选的是游离羧酸与胺在肽合成条件下反应。该反应优选在脱水剂,例如碳化二亚胺,如二环己基碳化二亚胺或N-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-N-乙基碳化二亚胺,此外还有丙烷膦酸酐(参见:应用化学(Angew.Chem.)92,129(1980)),二苯基磷酰基叠氮化物或2-乙氧基-N-乙氧基羰基-1,2-二氢喹啉存在下,在惰性溶剂,例如卤代烃如二氯甲烷、醚如THF或二噁烷、酰胺如DMF或二甲基乙酰胺、腈如乙腈中,在约-10到40℃,优选0到30℃的温度下进行。
或者,尤为有益的是从相反方向通过从酰胺开始除去水来制备腈,例如利用三氯乙酰氯/Et3N〔合成(2),184(1985)〕或用POCl3(有机化学杂志26,1003(1961))。
利用酸可将所得式Ⅰ的碱转化为相应的酸加成盐。适用于该反应的酸是能产生生理学上可接受的盐的那些。因此,可以使用无机酸,例如硫酸,氢卤酸如盐酸或氢溴酸,磷酸如正磷酸,硝酸,氨基磺酸,此外还有有机酸,即脂族的,脂环族的,芳脂族的(araliphatic),芳族或杂环族的一元或多元羧酸、磺酸或硫酸,诸如甲酸,乙酸,丙酸,新戊酸,二乙基乙酸,丙二酸,琥珀酸,庚二酸,富马酸,马来酸,乳酸,酒石酸,苹果酸,苯甲酸,水杨酸,2-苯基丙酸,柠檬酸,葡糖酸,抗坏血酸,烟酸,异烟酸,甲磺酸或乙磺酸,乙烷二磺酸,2-羟基乙磺酸,苯磺酸,对甲苯磺酸,萘磺酸和萘二磺酸,十二烷基硫酸。
如果需要,除非分子中存在其他酸性基团,否则通过用强碱如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠或碳酸钾处理,即可将式Ⅰ的游离碱从它们的盐中释放出来。在式Ⅰ化合物具有游离酸基的那些情况下,通过用碱处理也可形成盐。合适的碱是碱金属氢氧化物,碱土金属氢氧化物或是伯、仲或叔胺形式的有机碱。
本发明还涉及式Ⅰ化合物和它们的生理学上可接受的盐在制备药物中的用途,特别是经非化学途径。它们可以与至少一种赋形剂或助剂一起,如果合适,并与一种或多种其他活性成分结合制成合适的药物形式。
本发明还涉及组合物,特别是药物,它包含至少一种式Ⅰ化合物和/或其生理学上可接受的盐。这些产物可用作人和兽医学中的药物。合适的赋形剂是适于肠内(例如口服)、胃肠外或局部给药并且不会与新化合物发生反应的有机或无机物质,例如水,植物油,苄醇,聚乙二醇,明胶,碳水化合物如乳糖或淀粉,硬脂酸镁,滑石或凡士林。用于肠内给药的药物形式特别是片剂,包括包衣片剂,胶囊,糖浆剂,液体制剂,滴剂或栓剂,用于胃肠外给药的药物形式有溶液,优选油性或水溶液,此外还有悬浮液,乳液或植入物,用于局部给药的药物形式是软膏,霜剂或粉剂。也可将该新化合物冷冻干燥并将所得冻干物用于例如制备可注射产品。
上述产品可进行灭菌和/或包含助剂,诸如助流剂,防腐剂,稳定剂和/或湿润剂,乳化剂,用于调整渗透压的盐,缓冲物,着色剂,调味剂和/或香精。如果需要,它们还可包含一种或多种其他活性成分,例如一种或多种维生素。
式Ⅰ化合物和它们的生理学上可接受的盐可用于人或动物体的医治和疾病的治疗。它们适于治疗中枢神经系统疾病,诸如神经紧张,抑郁,焦虑状态,精神分裂症,胃肠道紊乱,恶心,迟发性运动障碍,帕金森氏病和/或精神病,以及高血压治疗后的副作用(例如用α-甲基多巴治疗)。这些化合物还可用于内分泌学和妇科学,例如用于治疗肢端肥大症,性腺功能减退,继发性闭经,经期前综合征,不希望的产后泌乳,还可用于预防和治疗脑疾病(例如偏头痛),特别是在老年医学中与某种麦角类生物碱类似,并可用于治疗大脑梗塞(脑卒中)的后遗症,如中风和大脑局部缺血。
通常,按照本发明的物质的给药与商业上可获得的产品(例如溴麦角环肽,二氢麦角柯宁碱)类似,优选每单位剂量约0.2到500mg,特别是0.2到50mg。日剂量优选为约0.001到10mg/kg体重。较低的剂量是每单位剂量约0.2到500mg,特别是0.2到50mg。日剂量优选为约0.001到10mg/kg体重。较低的剂量(每单位剂量约0.2到1mg,约0.001到0.005mg/kg体重)尤其适于用作治疗偏头痛的药物,对于其他适应症优选剂量为每单位剂量10到50mg。不过,每个病人的具体剂量将取决于多种因素,例如所用具体化合物的效能,年龄,体重,健康状况,性别,日常饮食,给药的时间和途径,排泄速率,各种药物活性成分的结合以及想要治疗的疾病的严重程度。优选口服给药。
在以下实施例中,“常规处理”是指:如果需要,加入水,该混合物用二氯甲烷萃取,使各相分离,有机相用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并蒸发,且该产物用硅胶色谱法和/或通过结晶而纯化。温度用℃表示。Rf值是利用硅胶薄层色谱法得到的。M++1值是用FAB-MS(快速原子轰击质谱)测定的。实施例1
将2.04g 3-氯甲基-5-苯基吡啶(“A”)〔例如可通过3-甲基-5-苯基吡啶的基团氯化(radical chlorination)而得到〕和1.62g1-苯基-哌嗪溶于200ml乙腈,并将该混合物在室温下搅拌6小时。经常规处理后,得到1-苯基-4-[(5-苯基-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.83-85℃。
通过“A”与以下物质反应类似地得到下列物质:
与1-(2-氟苯基)哌嗪反应,得到三盐酸1-(2-氟苯基)-4-[(5-苯基-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.217-219℃;
与1-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到三盐酸1-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4-[(5-苯基-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪二水合物,m.p.235-236℃;
与1-(2-吡啶基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(2-吡啶基)-4-[(5-苯基-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.103-105℃;
与1-(3-三氟甲基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到三盐酸1-(3-三氟甲基苯基)-4-[(5-苯基-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.216-219℃。
通过2-氯甲基-4-苯基吡啶与以下物质反应类似地得到下列物质:
与1-苯基哌嗪反应,得到1-苯基-4-[(4-苯基-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
与1-(2-氟苯基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(2-氟苯基)-4-[(4-苯基-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
与1-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4-[(4-苯基-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
与1-(2-吡啶基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(2-吡啶基)-4-[(4-苯基-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
与1-(3-三氟甲基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(3-三氟甲基苯基)-4-[(4-苯基-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
与1-(2-嘧啶基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(2-嘧啶基)-4-[(4-苯基-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪。
通过2-氯甲基-4-(4-氟苯基)吡啶与以下物质反应类似地得到下列物质:
与1-苯基哌嗪反应,得到1-苯基-4-[(4-(4-氟苯基)-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
与1-(2-氟苯基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(2-氟苯基)-4-[(4-(4-氟苯基)-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
与1-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4-[(4-(4-氟苯基)-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
与1-(2-吡啶基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(2-吡啶基)-4-[(4-(4-氟苯基)-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
与1-(3-三氟甲基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(3-三氟甲基苯基)-4-[(4-(4-氟苯基)-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
与1-(2-嘧啶基)哌嗪反应,得到三盐酸1-(2-嘧啶基)-4-[(4-(4-氟苯基)-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪二水合物,m.p.193-195℃;
与1-(5-氟嘧啶-2-基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(5-氟嘧啶-2-基)-4-[(4-(4-氟苯基)-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪。实施例2
与实施例1类似,从1.10g 3-氯甲基-5-(4-氟苯基)吡啶(“B”)〔例如,可通过3-甲基-5-(4-氟苯基)吡啶的基团氯化作用而得到〕开始,与0.82g 1-(2-嘧啶基)哌嗪在200ml乙腈中在室温下进行反应,常规处理后,得到1-(2-嘧啶基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.97-98℃。
通过“B”与以下物质反应类似地得到下列物质:
与1-(1,4-苯并二噁烷-6-基)哌嗪反应,得到三盐酸1-(1,4-苯并二噁烷-6-基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.256-259℃;
与1-(4-硝基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到二盐酸1-(4-硝基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.264℃;
与1-(3,5-二氯-4-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到二盐酸1-(3,5-二氯-4-甲氧基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.163℃;
与1-(4-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到三盐酸1-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.211℃;
与1-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到三盐酸1-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.244℃;
与1-(2-氟苯基)哌嗪反应,得到二盐酸1-(2-氟苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.210℃;
与1-(3,5-二甲基-4-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到三盐酸1-(3,5-二甲基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.251℃;
与1-(2-硝基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到二盐酸1-(2-硝基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.247℃;
与1-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶-2-基)哌嗪反应,得到二盐酸1-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶-2-基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.153℃;
与1-(3-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到三盐酸1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.232℃;
与1-(2-羟基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到二盐酸1-(2-羟基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.239℃;
与1-(2-吡嗪基)哌嗪反应,得到二盐酸1-(2-吡嗪基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪水合物,m.p.140℃;
与1-(4-氟苯基)哌嗪反应,得到二盐酸1-(4-氟苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.181℃;
与1-(3-三氟甲基-4-氯苯基)哌嗪反应,得到倍半盐酸1-(3-三氟甲基-4-氯苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.230℃;
与1-(2-甲基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到二盐酸1-(2-甲基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.258℃;
与1-(4-氯苯基)哌嗪反应,得到二盐酸1-(4-氯苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪水合物,m.p.135℃;
与1-(2-吡啶基)哌嗪反应,得到三盐酸1-(2-吡啶基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪二水合物,m.p.203℃;
与1-(2-嘧啶基)哌嗪反应,得到马来酸1-(2-嘧啶基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.172℃;
与1-(3-三氟甲基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到倍半盐酸1-(3-三氟甲基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.237℃;
与1-(4-甲基羰基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到倍半盐酸1-(4-甲基羰基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.211℃;
与1-苯基哌嗪反应,得到二盐酸1-苯基-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪水合物,m.p.207℃。实施例3
与实施例1类似,从3-联苯基甲基氯(“C”)〔例如,可通过3-甲基联苯的基团取代反应而得到〕开始,与1-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到马来酸1-(2-甲氧苯基)-4-(3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪,m.p.158-160℃;
通过“C”与以下物质反应类似地得到下列物质:
与1-苯基哌嗪反应,得到马来酸1-苯基-4-(3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪,m.p.181-183℃;
与1-(4-氰基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(4-氰基苯基)-4-(3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪,m.p.139℃;
与1-(2-甲氧基-5-氨基羰基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到二盐酸1-(2-甲氧基-5-氨基羰基苯基)-4-(3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪,m.p.193-196℃;
与1-(2-甲氧基-5-氰基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到盐酸1-(2-甲氧基-5-氰基苯基)-4-(3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪,m.p.227-229℃。实施例4
在100℃的温度下,200mg NaOH(固体)在22ml二甘醇二甲醚中的搅拌悬浮液用悬浮于10ml二甘醇二甲醚中的1.0g 2-[4-(3-溴苄基)哌嗪基]嘧啶、0.72g 4-三氟甲基苯硼酸(boronicacid)、56mg四-三苯膦钯进行处理。然后,该混合物在150℃加热并再搅拌1.5小时。冷却后,该反应混合物用50ml半浓缩的HCl水溶液处理并利用每次10ml二氯甲烷萃取两次,萃取液用硫酸钠干燥并除去溶剂。残余物溶于小量乙醚并利用乙醚/石油醚(3∶2)进行硅胶色谱分析。由此得到1-(2-嘧啶基)-4-(4’-三氟甲基-3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪,为油状物,Rf=0.44(乙醚/石油醚3∶2)。用HCl乙醚溶液处理,得到1-(2-嘧啶基)-4-(4’-三氟甲基-3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪的盐酸盐。实施例5
在-78℃下,将5.2ml正丁基锂,相应于8.3mmol,滴加到0.75ml3-溴噻吩的1ml乙醚溶液中并将该混合物搅拌15分钟。随后加入悬浮于3ml THF/乙醚(1∶1)中的1.8g ZnBr2并使该混合物达到室温。将该混合物搅拌30分钟直到形成两相,再次冷却并用11.2mg PdCl2(dppf)处理。将该混合物搅拌约12小时,此过程中使温度升至室温。进行处理时,将该混合物用1M HCl溶液酸化并利用每次30ml乙酸乙酯萃取两次,有机相用硫酸钠干燥并除去溶剂。将残余物溶于小量乙醚并用1∶1的乙醚/石油醚进行硅胶色谱分析。由此得到1-(2-嘧啶基)-4-(3-(3-噻吩基)苄基)哌嗪,为油状残余物。用马来酸乙醚溶液处理后得到1-(2-嘧啶基)-4-(3-(3-噻吩基)苄基)哌嗪的马来酸盐,m.p.208℃。实施例6
与实施例3类似,从4’-三氟甲基-3-联苯基甲基氯(“G”)〔例如,可通过4’三氟甲基-4-甲基联苯的基团取代反应而得到〕开始,与1-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(2-甲氧苯基)-4-(4’-三氟甲基-3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪。
通过“G”与以下物质反应类似地得到下列物质:
与1-苯基哌嗪反应,得到1-苯基-4-(4’三氟甲基-3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪;
与1-(2-氨基羰基苯并呋喃-5-基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(2-氨基羰基苯并呋喃-5-基)-4-(4’-三氟甲基-3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪;
与1-(4-三氟甲基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(4-三氟甲基苯基)-4-(4’三氟甲基-3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪;
与1-(2-甲氧基-5-氨基羰基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(2-甲氧基-5-氨基羰基苯基)-4-(4’-三氟甲基-3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪;
与1-(2-甲氧基-5-三氟甲基苯基)哌嗪反应,得到1-(2-甲氧基-5-三氟甲基苯基)-4-(4’-三氟甲基-3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪。实施例7
1.6g 1-嘧啶-2-基哌嗪的200ml THF溶液用溶解在30ml THF中的2.75g 3-氯甲基-4’-三氟甲基联苯(“H”)〔例如,可通过3-甲基-4’-三氟甲基联苯的基团氯化反应而得到〕处理,并将该混合物在室温下搅拌4小时。常规处理后,得到1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[(4’-三氟甲基-3-联苯基)甲基]哌嗪。
通过“H”与以下物质反应类似地得到下列物质:
与3-氯甲基-4’-甲氧基联苯反应,得到二盐酸1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[(4’-甲氧基-3-联苯基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.227℃;
与3-氯甲基-2’-氟联苯反应,得到马来酸1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[(2’-氟-3-联苯基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.157℃;
与3-氯甲基-3’-甲氧基联苯反应,得到马来酸1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[(3’-甲氧基-3-联苯基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.170℃;
与3-氯甲基-2’-甲氧基联苯反应,得到马来酸1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[(2’-甲氧基-3-联苯基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.145℃;
与3-氯甲基-3’-氟联苯反应,得到马来酸1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[(3’-氟-3-联苯基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.183℃;
与3-氯甲基-4’-氟联苯反应,得到马来酸1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[(4’-氟-3-联苯基)甲基]哌嗪,m.p.198℃;
与3-(2-噻吩基)苄基氯反应,得到马来酸1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[3-(2-噻吩基)苄基]哌嗪,m.p.181℃;
与3-(3-噻吩基)苄基氯反应,得到马来酸1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[3-(3-噻吩基)苄基]哌嗪,m.p.208℃;
与4-(2-噻吩基)苄基氯反应,得到1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[4-(2-噻吩基)苄基]哌嗪;
与4-(3-噻吩基)苄基氯反应,得到1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[4-(3-噻吩基)苄基]哌嗪;
与2-(2-噻吩基)苄基氯反应,得到1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[2-(2-噻吩基)苄基]哌嗪;
与2-(3-噻吩基)苄基氯反应,得到1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[2-(3-噻吩基)苄基]哌嗪;
与3-(2-噻吩基)-5-氯甲基吡啶反应,得到1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[3-(2-噻吩基)吡啶-5-基甲基]哌嗪;
与3-(3-噻吩基)-5-氯甲基吡啶反应,得到1-嘧啶-2-基-4-[3-(3-噻吩基)吡啶-5-基甲基]哌嗪。实施例8
将0.6g 1-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4-[(5-苯基-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪〔可如实施例1中所述得到〕、1.8g盐酸吡啶和50ml吡啶的混合物煮沸3小时。将该混合物冷却并蒸发,并进行常规处理,得到:1-(2-羟基苯基)-4-[(5-苯基-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪。
以下物质通过醚断裂类似地得到:
从1-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4-[(4-苯基-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪得到1-(2-羟基苯基)-4-[(4-苯基-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
从1-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4-[(4-(4-氟苯基)-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪得到1-(2-羟基苯基)-4-[(4-(4-氟苯基)-2-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
从1-(3,5-二氯-4-甲氧基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪得到1-(3,5-二氯-4-羟基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
从1-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪得到1-(4-羟基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
从1-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪得到1-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
从1-(3,5-二甲基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪得到1-(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
从1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪得到1-(3-羟基苯基)-4-[(5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基)甲基]哌嗪;
从1-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4-(3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪得到1-(2-羟基苯基)-4-(3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪;
从1-(2-甲氧基-5-氨基羰基苯基)-4-(3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪得到1-(2-羟基-5-氨基羰基苯基)-4-(3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪;
从l-(2-甲氧基-5-氰基苯基)-4-(3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪得到1-(2-羟基-5-氰基苯基)-4-(3-联苯基甲基)哌嗪;
从1-(2-甲氧基-5-氨基羰基苯基)-4-(2’-氰基-4-联苯基甲基)哌嗪得到1-(2-羟基-5-氨基羰基苯基)-4-(2’-氰基-4-联苯基甲基)哌嗪;
从1-(2-甲氧基-5-氰基苯基)-4-(2’-氰基-4-联苯基甲基)哌嗪得到1-(2-羟基-5-氰基苯基)-4-(2’-氰基-4-联苯基甲基)哌嗪。实施例9
将130mg 1-(3-联苯基)哌嗪、53mg 3-溴苯甲醚、57mg叔丁醇钠和8mg[PdCl2{(P(邻甲苯基)3}2]在10ml甲苯中的混合物在100℃下加热3小时。当该反应混合物已冷却到室温后,将其溶于40ml乙醚并用NaCl饱和溶液洗涤。分离出有机相并用硫酸钠干燥,并除去溶剂。将残余物溶于小量乙醚并用硅胶色谱法分析。由此得到1-(3-甲氧苯基)-4-(3-联苯基)哌嗪,为油状残余物,FAB-MS:M++1:359。
以下实施例涉及药物产品:实施例A:小瓶
用2N盐酸将100g式Ⅰ的活性成分和5g磷酸氢二钠的3l二次蒸馏水溶液的pH调到6.5,经无菌过滤,分配到小瓶中,冷冻干燥并在无菌条件下封装。每个小瓶中包含5mg活性成分。实施例B:栓剂
将20mg式Ⅰ的活性成分与100g大豆卵磷脂和1400g可可脂熔混,将该混合物倒入模子中并使之冷却。每个药栓包含20mg活性成分。实施例C:溶液
将1g式Ⅰ的活性成分、938g NaH2PO4×2H2O、28.48g Na2HPO4×12H2O和0.1g苯扎氯铵溶于940ml二次蒸馏水中制成溶液。将该混合物调至pH6.8,配成1l并通过辐射灭菌。该溶液可以滴眼液的形式使用。实施例D:软膏
在无菌条件下将500mg式Ⅰ的活性成分与99.5g凡士林混合。实施例E:片剂
用常规方法将1kg式Ⅰ的活性成分、4kg乳糖、1.2kg马铃薯淀粉、0.2kg滑石和0.1kg硬脂酸镁的混合物制成片剂,制得的每片包含10mg活性成分。实施例F:包衣片剂
将实施例E的混合物制成片剂,随后用常规方法将这些片剂用蔗糖、马铃薯淀粉、滑石、黄蓍胶和着色剂包衣。实施例G:胶囊
用常规方法将2kg式Ⅰ的活性成分填充到硬明胶胶囊中,使每粒胶囊包含20mg活性成分。实施例H:安瓿剂
将1kg式Ⅰ活性成分的60l二次蒸馏水溶液分配到安瓿中,在无菌条件下冷冻干燥并在无菌条件下封装。每安瓿包含10mg活性成分。

Claims (7)

1.式Ⅰ的哌嗪衍生物其中:
R1是吡啶基或苯基,它们各自是未取代的或被Ph或2-噻吩基或3-噻吩基单取代,
R2是Ph’或Het,
Ph和Ph’彼此独立地为苯基,这两个基团各自可能是未取代的,或是被F,Cl,Br,I,OH,OA,A,CF3,NO2,CN,COA,CONH2,CONHA,CONA2或2-或3-噻吩基单取代、二取代或三取代,
Het是饱和的、部分不饱和或完全不饱和的,具有5-10个环原子的单环或双环杂环基,有可能存在1或2个N原子和/或1或2个O原子,并且该杂环基有可能被F,Cl,Br,I,OA,CF3,A或NO2单取代或二取代,和
A是具有1-6个C原子的烷基,及其生理学上可接受的盐。
2.按照权利要求1的以下化合物及其盐:
(a)1-(2-嘧啶基)-4-(3-(3-噻吩基)苄基)哌嗪;
(b)1-[5-(4-氟苯基)吡啶-3-基甲基]-4-(2-嘧啶基)哌嗪;
(c)4-[4-(3-联苯基甲基)-1-哌嗪基]苄腈;
(d)1-(4-氯苯基)-4-[5-(4-氟苯基)-3-吡啶基甲基)哌嗪;
(e)1-(3’-氟-3-联苯基甲基)-4-(2-嘧啶基)哌嗪;
(f)2-[4-(5-(3-噻吩基)-3-吡啶基甲基)-1-哌嗪基)嘧啶。
3.制备按照权利要求1的式Ⅰ的哌嗪衍生物及其盐的方法,其特征在于使式Ⅱ化合物与式Ⅲ化合物反应,其中R2具有上面所提到的含义,
R1-CH2-L    Ⅲ其中:
L是Cl、Br、I、OH、O-CO-A、O-CO-Ph、O-SO2-Ar,Ar代表苯基或甲苯基,而A代表烷基,或另一个已反应性酯化的OH基团,或容易亲核取代的离去基团,和
R1具有上面所提到的含义,或者特征在于使式Ⅳ化合物与式Ⅴ化合物反应,
H2N-R2      Ⅳ其中R2具有上文所提到的含义,其中X1和X2可以是相同或不同的,为Cl、Br、I、OH或反应性的、官能改性的OH基团,而R1具有上面所提到的含义,或者特征在于使式Ⅵ化合物与式Ⅶ化合物反应,
Figure A9719788300032
其中R2、X1和X2具有上文中已给出的含义,
R1-CH2-NH2   Ⅶ其中R1具有上文中提到的含义,或者特征在于用还原剂处理一种化合物,该化合物在其它方面与式Ⅰ相对应,但它含有一个或多个可还原基团和/或一个或多个额外的C-C和/或C-N键代替一个或多个氢原子,或者特征在于用溶剂分解剂处理一种化合物,该化合物在其它方面与式Ⅰ相对应,但它含有一个或多个可溶剂分解的基团代替一个或多个氢原子,和/或特征在于,如果合适,将基团R1和/或R2转化为另一个基团R1和/或R2,例如裂开OA基团而形成OH基团和/或衍生CN、COOH或COOA基团,和/或,例如特征在于将伯或仲N原子烷基化和/或将所得式Ⅰ的碱或酸通过用酸或碱进行处理而转化为其盐。
4.制备药物产品的方法,其特征在于将式Ⅰ化合物和/或其生理学上可接受的盐与至少一种固体、液体或半液体赋形剂或助剂一起制成合适的药物形式。
5.一种药物产品,其特征在于它包含至少一种通式Ⅰ化合物和/或其生理学上可接受的盐。
6.按照权利要求1的式Ⅰ化合物或其生理学上可接受的盐在制备药物中的用途。
7.按照权利要求1的式Ⅰ化合物或其生理学上可接受的盐在治疗疾病中的用途。
CN97197883A 1996-09-13 1997-09-03 具有d4受体选择性的哌嗪衍生物 Expired - Fee Related CN1114594C (zh)

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