CN1229508C - 脂族异羟肟酸与油混合的矿物浮选促集剂组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
脂族异羟肟酸与油混合的矿物浮选促集剂组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1229508C CN1229508C CNB998066370A CN99806637A CN1229508C CN 1229508 C CN1229508 C CN 1229508C CN B998066370 A CNB998066370 A CN B998066370A CN 99806637 A CN99806637 A CN 99806637A CN 1229508 C CN1229508 C CN 1229508C
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- oil
- ester
- hydroxamic acid
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- NEAQRZUHTPSBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-7-nitro-4h-isoquinolin-1-one Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C(=O)N(O)C(C)(C)CC2=C1 NEAQRZUHTPSBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical class ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- NZNMSOFKMUBTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1 NZNMSOFKMUBTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JBDSSBMEKXHSJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCC1 JBDSSBMEKXHSJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine hydrochloride Chemical class Cl.ON WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- VZFUCHSFHOYXIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptane carboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCCCC1 VZFUCHSFHOYXIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940098695 palmitic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- VGYYSIDKAKXZEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxylammonium sulfate Chemical group O[NH3+].O[NH3+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VGYYSIDKAKXZEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009291 froth flotation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002443 hydroxylamines Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 51
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 29
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- -1 alkaryl hydroxamic Chemical compound 0.000 description 24
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 24
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZNBNBTIDJSKEAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[7-hydroxy-2-[5-[5-[6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]-2-methyl-3-propanoyloxypentanoic acid Chemical compound C1C(O)C(C)C(C(C)C(OC(=O)CC)C(C)C(O)=O)OC11OC(C)(C2OC(C)(CC2)C2C(CC(O2)C2C(CC(C)C(O)(CO)O2)C)C)CC1 ZNBNBTIDJSKEAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000378 hydroxylammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 5
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- NXPHCVPFHOVZBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxylamine;sulfuric acid Chemical class ON.OS(O)(=O)=O NXPHCVPFHOVZBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- UOBYKYZJUGYBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 UOBYKYZJUGYBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl stearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CUBCNYWQJHBXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid;2-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O CUBCNYWQJHBXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- YRHYCMZPEVDGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC YRHYCMZPEVDGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OC JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000011297 pine tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940068124 pine tar Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Elaidinsaeure-aethylester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000276495 Melanogrammus aeglefinus Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000907663 Siproeta stelenes Species 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004141 Sodium laurylsulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012874 anionic emulsifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- C07C259/06—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, an oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom being further bound to an oxygen atom and not being part of nitro or nitroso groups without replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group, e.g. hydroxamic acids having carbon atoms of hydroxamic groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
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Abstract
公开了C6-C22脂族异羟肟酸和油的混合物的浮选促集剂组合物,用于通过泡沫浮选法从矿物矿中除去杂质。该浮选促集剂如下制得:在油和水的存在下,使C6-C22脂肪酸的酯与羟胺盐和碱反应,制得烷基异羟肟酸盐;然后酸化该烷基异羟肟酸盐,形成有机层和水层,其中有机层含有C6-C22脂族异羟肟酸,基本上不含原料酯和酯的水解和酯交换产物;分离有机层与水层,得到C6-C22脂族异羟肟酸和油的浮选促集剂组合物。
Description
发明背景
烷基或烷芳基异羟肟酸及其盐是用于氧化物矿物泡沫浮选法的已知浮选促集剂。苏联研究人员已经发现这类烷基异羟肟酸的多种用途,例如描述于Pradip和Fuerstenau的“使用异羟肟酸盐(酯)浮选促集剂的矿物浮选”,
矿 物工业中的试剂(Reagents in the Minerals Industry),Ed.M.J.Jones和R.Oblatt,Inst.Min.Met.,伦敦,1984,页161-168,该文献回顾总结了烷基异羟肟酸的浮选法应用。
异羟肟酸被用于金属或矿物的浮选,如烧绿石、荧石、钨锰矿、黑钨矿、锡石、白云母、磷钙石、赤铁矿、软锰矿、蔷薇辉石、硅孔雀石、孔雀石、重晶石、方解石和稀土。异羟肟酸通常比常规的脂肪酸、脂肪族胺、石油磺酸盐和烷基硫酸盐更强力且更有选择性。然而,从工业生产角度来看,用来制备烷基或烷芳基异羟肟酸或其盐的常用方法是冗长且不安全的。
用于制备烷基异羟肟酸钾的方法揭示于
有机合成,卷II,页67。在所揭示的方法中,混合KOH在甲醇中的溶液和NH2OH·HCl在甲醇中的溶液。在过滤除去KCl副产物之后,将滤液与辛酸甲酯和癸酸甲酯的液体混合物进行混合,之后静置24小时,过滤出产物晶体。该方法的主要缺点包括产率低,使用了大量的有毒和易燃性的甲醇,并使用了成本高于氢氧化钠的氢氧化钾。此外,从安全性角度考虑,对甲醇的反应混合物进行工业规模的过滤显然是不合适的。
授予Hartlage的美国专利No.3,922,872提出了制备脂肪族异羟肟酸盐的改进方法的权利要求。该方法是在无水的低级醇浆液中在二甲胺的存在下使羟胺硫酸盐和脂肪酸的甲酯反应。用二甲胺或碱性金属碱与所形成的游离异羟肟酸中和,得到铵或碱金属盐,所得物质发生沉淀,对其进行过滤和干燥。然而,所揭示的方法还使用了易燃性的低级醇,如甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇,需要对危险性的最终异羟肟酸系产物进行过滤。此外,因为反应的非均相性质,所以反应速率非常低,例如在甲醇中反应时间为15个小时数量级,在异丙醇中反应时间是5天数量级,并且产率也较低,即在约75%的数量级。
许多俄罗斯研究人员报道了用于在碱性水介质中制备烷基异羟肟酸及其盐的方法。Gorlovski等,Vses.Soveshcn.po Sintetich.Zhirozamenitelyam,Poverkhnostnoaktivn,Veschestvami Moyushchim Sredstvam,第三版,Sb.Shebekino,1965,297-9化学文摘66,4983h,1967报道了使C7,9羧酸的甲酯与羟胺硫酸盐水溶液和NaOH以1∶1.22∶2.2的摩尔比于55℃或更低的温度下反应,制得烷基异羟肟酸钠。
Shchukina等,Khim.Prom.莫斯科,197049(3)220,报道了将甲酯、羟胺硫酸盐和氢氧化钠于20-25℃反应2小时,并于55-60℃反应1小时,接着在低于40℃的温度酸化至pH 4-5,制得游离的C7,9异羟肟酸,产率仅为72-78%。Shchukina等,在Sin.Primen.Novykh Proverkh.Veshchestv,1973,123-31中,和在C.A.80,1974,95199K中均报道了用来由C7-9酯制备被定名为IM-50试剂的简单实验室方法。
俄罗斯研究人员,在俄罗斯专利No.390,074、化学文摘79,115162C(1973)中,和在Zh.Prikl,Khim.(Leningrad)197245(8),1895-7,化学文摘78,29193m1973中报道了在碱性水介质中使用3-5%阴离子乳化剂得到改进的产率。据报道,使用诸如月桂基硫酸钠的阴离子表面活性剂(3-5%,以甲酯的重量计)能得到改进的产率:戊异羟肟酸为61.2%,癸异羟肟酸为89%。然而,为了获得要求的产率,需要40%(摩尔)过量的羟胺盐酸盐或者硫酸盐。此外,回收的钠盐和游离的异羟肟酸是固体,难以处理和加工。
俄罗斯专利No.513,970,1976年5月15日,化学文摘85,66277g,1976揭示了形成混合的游离C3-C11异羟肟酸在烃中的溶液,用作浮选剂。所揭示的异羟肟酸如下形成:在碱性介质中用羟胺的硫酸盐处理羧酸酯,然后在100-250%(重量)的烃(含低于20%极性有机组分(如高级醇或酯))的存在下用无机酸处理所得的烷基异羟肟酸钠。含有NaCl或Na2SO4的含水层作为废水除去。因为原料酯的不完全反应,该方法是效率低的,制得含有显著量未反应原料酯的产物。
美国专利No.4,629,556揭示了使用烷基、芳基或烷基芳基异羟肟酸盐作为浮选促集剂从高岭土中除去多种有色杂质。所揭示的异羟肟酸盐通过类似于上述方法的方式,使游离羟胺与有机酸的甲酯在非水性介质(如甲醇)中反应而制得,所述有机酸的甲酯具有合适长度的烃链和构型。
美国专利4,871,466揭示了用于制备烷基或烷芳基异羟肟酸和/或盐的方法。在所揭示的方法中,在水、C8-C22醇和较好还有非离子表面活性剂或阳离子表面活性剂的混合物的存在下使含6-22个碳原子的脂肪酸的甲酯或乙酯与羟胺盐和氢氧化碱金属反应。所揭示的反应能够形成异羟肟酸盐溶液,它无需进一步加工即可用于非硫化物矿物的泡沫浮选,或者在用于浮选法之前进行酸化以形成酸的液态醇溶液。所揭示的方法无需使用危险性和昂贵的回收步骤,如过滤,该方法较迅速,只需3-5小时即可完成,得到较高的转化成异羟肟酸盐的转化率。然而,所揭示方法的最终产物含有一些未反应的原料酯。
仍然需要对烷基异羟肟酸盐浮选促集剂的工业生产和性能加以改进。例如,在大规模生产中难以处理固体产物,会增加制造的复杂性和成本。尽管这一问题可通过在醇的存在下进行反应加以克服(如美国专利No.4,871,466中所述),如上所述,但是使用C8-C22醇会使得由于甲酯(如羧酸甲酯)和其它得自原料酯的羰基组分的酯交换和水解的竞争反应而降低产率。此外,当异羟肟酸浮选促集剂被用于浮选法时,链长较短的醇(如C8)会产生不可控制的泡沫,或者产生不希望有的泡沫性能,提高了对不需要矿物的回收,链长较长的醇(如C10或更长)可显著减少泡沫,这是必需有一定量经控制的泡沫相的柱浮选法中重要的问题。此外,在一些应用中(这取决于被浮选的有价值的矿物),高级醇可以反向构型(reverse configuration)吸附在有价值的矿物上,即它们可以以处于水相的极性基团进行吸附,从而降低了由烷基异羟肟酸赋予有价值矿物的疏水性,使得有价值矿物的回收率降低。商用醇可能较昂贵,也会具有非常强烈的气味、有时是臭气,这会随链长变化。
因此,需要有克服上述问题的烷基异羟肟酸浮选促集剂和制备该浮选促集剂的方法。本发明提供了这样的浮选促集剂及其制备方法。
发明概述
本发明涉及从矿物矿中除去杂质的浮选促集剂组合物,以及制备和使用这类浮选促集剂组合物的方法。一般来说,本发明的浮选促集剂组合物包含C6-C22脂族异羟肟酸和油的混合物,其中所述油较好是选自烃油、植物油、作物油和动物油,最好是脂族甘油三酯油。较佳的烃油包含,但不限于脂族烃、芳族烃,以及它们的混合物,如苯、二甲苯、甲苯、矿物油馏分、煤油、石脑油(naphthas)和石油馏分。
较好的是,异羟肟酸在本发明组合物中所占含量约为5-70%(重量),更好是约10-50%(重量),油所占含量约为10-95%(重量),更好是约20-70%(重量),以组合物的重量计。浮选促集剂组合物还可任选地包含最多约70%,较好约10-50%(重量)的起沫剂。
本发明的浮选促集剂组合物可以如下制得:在油和水的存在下,使C6-C22脂肪酸的酯与羟胺盐(较好是羟胺的硫酸盐或盐酸盐)和碱反应,制得烷基异羟肟酸盐。然后,酸化该烷基异羟肟酸盐,形成有机层和水层,其中有机层含有C6-C22脂族异羟肟酸,基本上不含酯的水解和酯交换产物,将有机层与水层分离,得到矿物浮选促集剂组合物,包含C6-C22脂族异羟肟酸和油的混合物。
本发明的浮选促集剂组合物由于不含醇且显著降低了脂族或原料酯的用量,因而其选矿性能比已有技术组合物有显著改进。通常,本发明的浮选促集剂组合物基本上不含原料酯,因此C6-C22脂肪酸酯或原料酯的重量含量低于异羟肟酸的重量含量。本发明浮选促集剂组合物中存在的脂肪酸酯或原料酯的量通常为低于异羟肟酸量的50%,较好是低于异羟肟酸量的20%,最好是低于异羟肟酸量的10%。
用于形成本发明浮选促集剂组合物的酯包括,但不限于己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、十一烷酸、十二烷酸、十三烷酸、肉豆蔻酸、十五烷酸、软脂酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、油酸、苯甲酸、乙基苯甲酸、水杨酸、α-萘甲酸、β-萘甲酸、环己基羧酸和环戊基羧酸的甲酯和乙酯。
本发明的浮选促集剂组合物可用来如下从非硫化物矿物矿中除去杂质:形成矿物矿的含水浆液,用本发明的浮选促集剂组合物(通常用上述方法制得)处理(condition)矿物矿浆液,从矿物矿中分离杂质和浮选促集剂组合物。
发明的详细说明
本发明涉及有用的烷基异羟肟酸和这类有用的烷基异羟肟酸的制备。所述制备方法是在水、烃油或得自植物、动物或鱼的脂肪油,或者它们的混合物(较好是与可任选的非离子表面活性剂或阳离子表面活性剂的混合物)的存在下,使含6-22个碳原子的脂肪酸的甲酯或乙酯与羟胺盐和碱金属氢氧化物反应。随后用酸对所得的烷基异羟肟酸盐进行酸化,将异羟肟酸的油/脂肪溶液与水相分离,由此形成异羟肟酸的液态溶液或浆料。该异羟肟酸的溶液或浆料无需进一步的加工处理即可用于对非硫化物矿物(如高岭土)进行泡沫浮选,或者也可以用起沫剂(如松油、脂族C5-C8醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇醚等)进一步稀释,得到用于矿物浮选法的液态溶液。
本发明的异羟肟酸浮选促集剂组合物可以高产率获得,通常产率高于90%(重量),所含的未转化原料酯和由原料酯酯交换和水解产生的不希望有的副反应产物(如羧酸和其它羰基产物)通常比已有技术组合物低得多。因此,本发明浮选促集剂组合物的性能显著优于已有技术的组合物。
本发明用于制备烷基异羟肟酸的方法无需危险且昂贵的回收步骤(如过滤),是较迅速的,仅需3-5小时即可完成,能得到非常高的转化率(即90-100%数量级),由于消除了酯交换的竞争反应,因此得到比已有技术工艺更高的产率。当可任选的表面活性剂被用于本发明方法时,表面活性剂的所需量低于已有技术方法中的所需量。与以上引用的已有技术不同,本发明方法从开始制备异羟肟酸时起就将油用作载体,使得化学物质得以更好的分散,能更好地在大规模生产的反应器中进行处理,热分布更均匀、异羟肟酸的产率更高,并且可对反应和酸化进行了更好的控制。
此外,当用于泡沫浮选非硫化物矿物时,所述异羟肟酸的油溶液比已有技术组合物更有效,得到更高的有价值矿物的回收率和等级。一般来说,所用的油不同于醇,往往对泡沫是中性的(froth neutral),对于泡沫的影响非常小。异羟肟酸的油溶液的相对泡沫中性使得能够使用单独的醇起沫剂来独立地控制所需要的泡沫相性能。
用本发明的方法如下制得脂族异羟肟酸:在水和油(选自烃油、脂肪油,或者它们的混合物)的存在下,使含6-22个碳原子(较好是至少8个碳原子)的脂肪酸的甲酯或乙酯与羟胺盐和氢氧化碱金属反应。反应按照如下反应式进行:
式中,R是C6-C22烷基、C6-C10芳基,或者C7-C14烷芳基;
M是碱金属;
R1是甲基或乙基,和
X是来自矿物酸的卤阴离子、硫酸根、硫酸氢根、磷酸根、硝酸根或类似的阴离子残基。
有用的酸酯包括如下羧酸的甲酯和乙酯:己酸(C6)、庚酸(C7)、辛酸(C8)、壬酸(C9)、癸酸(C10)、十一烷酸(C11)、十二烷酸(C12)、十三烷酸(C13)、肉豆蔻酸(C14)、十五烷酸(C15)、软脂酸(C16)、十七烷酸(C17)、硬脂酸(C18)等,此外还有油酸(C18)、苯甲酸、乙基苯甲酸、水杨酸、α-萘甲酸、β-萘甲酸、环己基羧酸和环戊基羧酸等。还可使用上述羧酸的乙酯,但需要比甲酯更高的反应温度。
还可使用羟胺盐,如硫酸盐或盐酸盐。合适的氢氧化碱金属包括氢氧化钠(NaOH)、氢氧化钾(KOH)等。胺(如氨、二甲胺等)可用来代替氢氧化物。合适的酸是氢氯酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸等。
如上所述,较好是使用非离子表面活性剂或阳离子表面活性剂。有用的表面活性剂的离子包括非离子表面活性剂,如由下式表示的烷基聚乙烯氧化合物:
RO(EO)n-H,
式中,R是C8-C18烷基、EO是乙烯氧基,n是1-10的整数,以及环氧乙烷和高级环氧烷与活性氢化合物(例如苯酚、醇、羧酸和胺)的反应产物,如烷基苯氧基乙烯氧基乙醇。合适的阳离子表面活性剂包括烷基铵或季胺盐(如氯化或溴化四烷基铵、氢氯化十二烷基铵、氯化十二烷基三甲基季铵等),和乙氧基化脂肪胺。其它合适的表面活性剂说明于McCutcheon的洗涤剂和乳化剂的书中,该书内容结合参考于本发明中。上述表面活性剂还包含低聚表面活性剂和可聚合的表面活性剂,说明于Blackley的乳液聚合理论和实践,John Wileyand Sons(1975)的第319-322页,其内容参考结合于本发明中。这些低聚物的例子包括官能化低聚物的铵盐和碱金属盐(由Uniroyal Chemical出售,商品名为″Polywet″)和分子量低于2,000的丙烯腈和丙烯酸的共聚物(在链终止剂的存在下制得,如正辛基硫醇)。可聚合表面活性剂的例子包括9-和10-(丙烯酰氨基)硬脂酸的钠盐等。表面活性剂的有效量约为烷基酯的0.5-3%(重量),较好是烷基酯的约1-2%(重量)。
反应温度约为15-55℃,较好是约25-35℃。水的用量应足以溶解羟胺盐,约为15-50%,通常因羟胺盐溶液的浓度而定。反应中所用油的用量也可以约为15-50%,较好是足以使反应混合物于选定温度在整个反应的过程中保持液态。
油可以是任何能提供本发明结果的合适的油,如烃油,包括但不限于脂族烃、芳族烃,以及脂族和芳族烃的混合物。较佳的烃油包括但不限于苯、二甲苯、甲苯、矿物油馏分、煤油、石脑油、石油馏分等。最好的烃油是低臭味烃油,较好是石蜡油,含有少于约1%的芳族化合物。油还可以是脂肪油,如甘油三酯油,它是甘油和脂肪酸的酯,基本上不含极性组分(如羟基)。这些甘油三酯油最通常是通过提炼、加压或溶剂提取从动物、植物或鱼中得到的。可用的脂肪油包括但不限于大豆油、玉米油、低芥酸菜子油、向日葵油、花生油、鳕鱼肝油、鲨鱼肝油和类似的植物、动物和鱼油。用于本发明的油还可以是烃油和脂肪油的混合物。
当甲酯和羟胺之间的反应完成时,已经形成了烷基异羟肟酸盐,通过加入酸使异羟肟酸盐酸化,形成两相,应将其保持于足够高的温度以避免有机产物相固化。然后,通过滗析或者通过美国专利No.3,933,872中揭示的方法除去水相,所述专利内容参考结合于本发明中。有机相含有烷基异羟肟酸浮选促集剂,可以就这样用作浮选促集剂,或者在添加起沫剂和/或其它添加剂之后用作浮选促集剂。有用的起沫剂包括松油、脂族C5-C8醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇醚等。其它类型的添加剂也可以加入稀释剂体系中,专门用于改进性能。有用的添加剂的例子包括石油磺酸盐、磺基丁二酸盐、乙氧基化或丙氧基化的醇表面活性剂等,它们能增强烷基异羟肟酸的性能。
本发明还涉及上述方法制得的新型组合物。本发明的组合物包含脂族异羟肟酸、烃油或脂肪油,以及可任选的混入稀释剂体系中的起沫剂或者其它添加剂,以改进性能。当表面活性剂用于制备本发明的脂族异羟肟酸时,残留的表面活性剂也可存在于组合物中。烷基异羟肟酸的含量约为5-70%,较好是约为10-50%,油含量约为10-95%,较好是约为20-70%。如果加入起沫剂,它们的用量可为组合物总量的最多约70%,较好是约10-50%。如果混入其它添加剂以增强性能的话,它们的用量最多为稀释剂的约20%,较好是约5-10%。
上述组合物可用于对非硫化物矿物矿进行泡沫浮选,所述非硫化物矿物矿如上所述,包含铜矿、铁矿、稀有和稀土金属矿,尤其是用于对粘土的选矿。
有用的浮选法已经得到良好的确立,本领域普通技术人员是已知的。浮选法通常包含研磨矿物以释放出矿物价值,提供粒度适合于进行浮选的矿物颗粒。对经研磨的矿物浆进行pH值调节,并用预定和规定的试剂(如浮选促集剂、起沫剂、改性剂和分散剂)进行调节。对于一些矿(如玻璃砂、粘土、尾矿等),开采的进料已经是细碎的,因此无需进一步研磨。
例如对粘土进行选矿时,基本上无需对开采的进料进行研磨,因为平均粒度在数微米的数量级。高岭土中的主要杂质是锐钛矿、TiO2和复合铁矿物,它们会赋予粘土以颜色,降低亮度,由此使得粘土不适合于许多纯度和亮度绝对重要的用途。一般来说,可通过许多方法来除去这些杂质,重要的一种方法是用妥尔油脂肪酸的浮选法。
在对粘土选矿的泡沫浮选法中,将粘土在水介质中浆液化,用有效量的分散剂和浮选促集剂进行调节,浮选,本发明的方法包含将上述新型组合物用作浮选促集剂(即异羟肟酸溶液)用量约为0.1-18磅/吨矿物,较好是0.5-6磅/吨。本发明的新方法能高产率地回收粘土,具有低TiO2含量和增强亮度。
作为进行该方法的第一步,将待提纯的粘土用水搅拌,即与水混合,以合适的固体浓度形成悬浮液,如美国专利No.4,629,556中所述,该专利内容参考结合于本发明中。较高的浆液密度(约35-70%(重量)固体)是较佳的,因为这类浆液中的颗粒间擦洗作用有助于从粘土颗粒表面释放有色杂质。
按照常规的做法,在用水搅拌过程中加入合适的分散剂,如硅酸钠、聚丙烯酸盐(酯)或聚磷酸盐(酯),用量约为1-20磅/吨干固体,足以产生良好分散的粘土滑动。如果需要还可加入碱(如过氧化铵),以得到大于约6的pH值,较好是约8-10.5。根据本发明,然后将异羟肟酸盐浮选促集剂在一定条件下(即恰当的搅拌速度、最佳的浆液密度和足够温度)加入经分散的粘土中,这使得浮选促集剂和粘土的有色杂质之间的反应在较短时间内进行,通常不长于约5-15分钟。
当加入浮选促集剂后已经对粘土进行过处理时,将其转移至浮选槽(flotation cell),通常稀释至浆液密度,较好约为15-45%(重量)的固体。泡沫浮选机的操作是以常规方式进行的。在操作一段恰当的时间之后,在此期间含钛杂质随泡沫除去,留在浮选槽内的粘土悬浮液可进行浸提,以除去残留的铁氧化物,以本领域已知的任何常规方式进行过滤和干燥。
实施例
以下非限定性的例子仅是本发明较佳实施方案的说明,不应看作是对本发明的限制,本发明的范围由所附权利要求书确定。除非另外指出,所有的份数和百分数都是以重量计的。
比较例A
为了比较目的,按照U.S.4,871,466中所述Wang的方法进行本试验。在配有冷凝器、机械驱动的搅拌器和温度计的合适三颈反应器中将107份羟胺硫酸盐溶解在264.4份水中。在羟胺硫酸盐溶解之后,加入273.8份十二烷醇、4.8份50%的氯化二辛基/癸基二甲铵表面活性剂和200份辛酸/癸酸甲酯(原料酯)。在冰/水浴中边搅拌边将反应混合物冷却至10-15℃,通过加料漏斗缓慢地加入200份50%氢氧化钠(NaOH)溶液。在加入氢氧化钠期间,将温度保持于15-20℃。在加入氢氧化钠之后,使温度上升至25℃,于25-30℃继续反应4-5小时。在完成反应之后,即当反应混合物的IR光谱不显示痕量的位于1175cm-1的酯波带时,将225.4份30%的硫酸加入反应混合物中,形成两相并分离。对上层有机层(513.7份)异羟肟酸在十二烷醇中的溶液进行滴定分析表明,异羟肟酸为32%,与此相比理论产率为39.2%,表示基于原料酯用量的产率为81.7%。NMR分析表明,在有机层中存在其它组分,包括7.1%(重量)未反应辛酸/癸酸甲酯、8.6%(重量)得自原料甲酯的C8-C10羧酸和7.1重量份得自原料酯的其它羰基组分,其中百分数仅以异羟肟酸、未反应酯和其它反应产物在醇溶剂中的总重量计。异羟肟酸的量为77.2%。
比较例B
为了比较目的,按照俄罗斯专利513,970所述的方法进行本试验。将992份羟胺硫酸盐的12%水溶液加入配有冷凝器、机械驱动的搅拌器和温度计的合适三颈反应器中。在加入羟胺硫酸盐溶液之后,加入168.5份辛酸/癸酸甲酯,接着边搅拌边通过加料漏斗缓慢地加入162.4份50%的氢氧化钠溶液,经时30分钟。在加入氢氧化钠期间,将温度保持于26-28℃。在加入氢氧化钠之后,继续进行反应2小时,同时继续将温度保持于26-28℃。在保持2小时之后,缓慢地加入79.46份浓硫酸(96.4%),使温度升高至40℃,以保持所得异羟肟酸为液态。此时,加入169.5份煤油,将酸/煤油层与底部水层分离。通过滴定分析产物层(344.85份),发现含17.4%(重量)异羟肟酸盐,与此相比,理论产率为50%(重量),表示烷基异羟肟酸的产率为35%。据NMR测定,异羟肟酸的百分数为35%,其它羰基组分的百分数为14%,原料酯的百分数为51%。用NMR分析测得的原料酯与烷基异羟肟酸的百分比为1.46∶1。
比较例C
重复比较例B的方法,使用496份12%羟胺硫酸盐溶液、84.25份辛酸/癸酸甲酯、81.2份50%NaOH溶液和39.73份硫酸。同样,在加入硫酸之后使温度升高至40℃,加入211.9份煤油。将上层有机层与水层分离,通过滴定分析,表明异羟肟酸盐的产率为10.54%(重量),与此相比,理论产率为28.57%(重量),表示产率为37%。NMR分析表明有37%异羟肟酸、13%其它羰基组分和50%原料酯。用NMR分析测得的原料酯与烷基异羟肟酸的重量比为1.36∶1。
实施例1
在配有冷凝器、机械驱动的搅拌器和温度计的合适三颈反应器中,将1627份羟胺硫酸盐溶解于4066份水中,并加入4145份大豆油、67份50%氯化二辛基/癸基二甲铵表面活性剂和3036份辛酸/癸酸甲酯。在冰/水浴中边搅拌边将反应混合物冷却至约10-15℃,然后通过加料漏斗缓慢地加入3028份50%氢氧化钠,在整个加料过程中保持于约15-20℃的温度。在加入氢氧化钠以后,使温度升高至25℃,于约25-30℃的温度继续反应约4-5小时。从反应混合物的IR光谱(它不显示痕量的位于1175cm-1的酯波带)确定反应的完成。通过加入5120份18.76%的硫酸形成两相,分离,同时将温度保持在异羟肟酸的固化温度(如约30-40℃)以上。在7719份上层有机层中发现含有38.5%(重量)游离异羟肟酸,与理论产率为39.5%相比,对应于97.5%的产率。产物的高产率表明,仅存在痕量的原料甲酯和得自水解的酸。通过相分离获得的有机溶液可以与妥尔油脂肪酸相容,在大豆油中含辛基/癸基异羟肟酸,在高于约30℃的温度时为液体,在较低温度时为膏料。
实施例2
重复实施例1所述的方法。然而,在相的酸化和分离之后,加入1281份醇起沫剂MIBC。所得液态产物含32.7%异羟肟酸、在20℃的温度保持液态。同样,发现液态产物与妥尔油脂肪酸是相容的。
实施例3
重复实施例1的方法,用烃油Escaid 110代替大豆油。在相分离之后,所得油溶液的异羟肟酸盐含量为39%,表示异羟肟酸的产率为98.7%。NMR分析表明,存在低于3%原料酯和羧酸。产物基本上不含原料酯,未转化原料酯与烷基异羟肟酸盐的重量比仅为0.02∶1。产物的固化点为32℃。
实施例4
重复实施例1的方法,用玉米油代替大豆油。在相分离之后,所得油溶液的异羟肟酸盐含量为38.9%,表示异羟肟酸的产率为98.5%,固化点约为30℃。
实施例5-8
同样按照实施例1的方法,不同的是辛基/癸基甲酯分别用等量的如下物质代替:实施例5为硬脂酸甲酯,实施例6为油酸乙酯,实施例7为软脂酸甲酯,实施例8为萘酚甲酯(methyl napththolate)。获得了各甲酯转化成异羟肟酸的类似转化率,固化点类似于实施例1中所得的固化点。
实施例9-15
在型号为W12的实验室Morehouse Cowles溶解器中,用水和6份硅酸钠搅拌4000份干基的新鲜高岭土,以约60%的固体含量搅拌6分钟。然后,将预定量的浮选促集剂和AEROFROTH70泡沫剂加入良好分散的粘土浆液中,使该混合物同一圆筒掺和机中掺和另外6分钟。
此后,用水将整个浆液稀释至固体含量为20%。取足够量的经稀释浆液,以在4.5升实验室Denver浮选槽中提供2000份新鲜高岭土。通过仔细地调节空气流量以20%的固体含量进行浮选最多15分钟,同时以1200rpm进行搅拌。
与实施例15所用的商用烷基异羟肟酸盐浮选促集剂产物,即植物标准共浮选促集剂体系(妥尔油和按美国专利No.4,871,466制得的浮选促集剂的1/1混合物)相比,用本发明的新型浮选促集剂,实施例9-14能显著地改进对高岭土样品(定名样品A)的浮选。比较结果示于表1。
表1 在高岭土样品A上进行Denver浮选试验工作的结果
实施例号 | 浮选促集剂 | 起沫剂 | 产率 | TiO2 | ||
类型 | 磅/吨(Lbs/T) | 类型 | 磅/吨 | % | % | |
9 | 1∶1实施例3/脂肪酸 | 2 | AF-70 | 0.25 | 80.1 | 0.801 |
10 | 1∶1实施例3/脂肪酸 | 4 | AF-70 | 0.25 | 82.4 | 0.538 |
11 | 实施例3 | 2 | AF-70 | 0.25 | 84.7 | 0.440 |
12 | 实施例3 | 1 | AF-70 | 0.50 | 95.6 | 0.548 |
13 | 1∶1实施例1/实施例3 | 1.5 | AF-70 | 0.50 | 74.3 | 0.501 |
14 | 实施例1 | 1.25 | AF-70 | 0.25 | 87.6 | 0.346 |
15 | 商用浮选促集剂 | 1 | 妥尔油 | 1 | 83.6 | 0.800 |
实施例16
使用包含微单元气泡发生器体系的实验室柱单元用0.25磅/吨的AF-70起沫剂以1.25磅/吨的剂量评定实施例1的烷基异羟肟酸盐组合物。粘土的产率为97.8%,浮选产物的TiO2含量为0.421%。
实施例17-29
对本文定名的作为粘土样品B、C和D的三种其它高岭土样品进行浮选试验。这些原矿粘土样品的特征总结于下表II:
表II 粘土样品B、C和D的特征
原矿类型 | 原矿编号 | GE亮度 | TiO2 | Fe% | 透过2.0nm的% | 透过0.2nm的% |
细 | C | 82.81 | 2,446 | 1.375 | 87.7 | 46.4 |
粗 | B | 84.38 | 1.730 | 0.357 | 63.8 | 15.2 |
粗 | D | 84.74 | 1.783 | 0.781 | 76.5 | 23.5 |
用Premier研磨搅拌圆筒掺和机用水搅拌796份新鲜湿高岭土(等于约651份干固体)和1.3份60%固体含量的硅酸钠6分钟。然后,将预定量的浮选促集剂(或者是本发明的浮选促集剂,或者是已有技术浮选促集剂用于比较目的)加入良好分散的粘土浆液,将该混合物在圆筒掺和机中掺和另外6分钟。然后,将经掺和的浆液转移至2.3升浮选槽中,用水稀释至约25%的固体含量,以1000rpm搅拌,用约0.1-1.5升/分钟空气的仔细调节气流浮选最多约30分钟。
对含有有色杂质(主要是含钛矿物和锐钛矿杂质)的浮起产物,以及具有清洁、明亮粘土价值的不浮起的槽内产物进行过滤、干燥并对TiO2和Fe2O3进行测定。结果示于下表III:
表 III
实施例 | 粘土 | 固体 | 硅酸钠 | NaOH | 浆液 | 温度 | 浮选促集剂 | 硅酸钠 | NaOH | 浆液 | 温度 | GE | 产率 | TiO2 | Fe2O3 | |
编号 | 浮选促集剂 | 样品 | % | Lb/T | Lb/T | pH | ℃ | Lb/T | Lb/T | Lb/T | pH | ℃ | 亮度 | % | % | % |
无 | B | 84.4 | 100.0 | 1.730 | 0.357 | |||||||||||
17 | 实施例2 | B | 60.0 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 8.2 | 54.0 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 8.9 | 62.0 | 88.5 | 59.8 | 0.389 | 0.398 |
18 | 85∶15实施例3/MIBC | B | 60.0 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 8.1 | 52.0 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 9.0 | 64.0 | 89.6 | 53.3 | 0.238 | 0.379 |
19 | 实施例3 | B | 60.0 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 8.3 | 52.0 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 9.1 | 58.0 | 89.8 | 46.7 | 0.261 | 0.367 |
20 | 妥尔油 | B | 60.0 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 8.2 | 54.0 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 9.0 | 56.0 | 88.7 | 38.3 | 0.476 | 0.387 |
21 | 商用 | B | 60.0 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 8.1 | 52.0 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 8.9 | 57.0 | 90.4 | 46.7 | 0.245 | 0.397 |
无 | C | 82.8 | 100.0 | 2.448 | 1.375 | |||||||||||
22 | 实施例1 | C | 60.0 | 11.4 | 2.3 | 8.2 | 50.0 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 9.0 | 58.0 | 86.3 | 60.5 | 0.962 | 1.345 |
23 | 妥尔油 | C | 60.0 | 10.5 | 2.3 | 8.1 | 50.0 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 8.9 | 58.0 | 84.4 | 67.9 | 1.732 | 1.349 |
24 | 商用 | C | 60.0 | 8.8 | 2.3 | 8.1 | 45.0 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 8.8 | 56.0 | 85.6 | 61.1 | 1.368 | 1.379 |
25 | 实施例3 | C | 60.0 | 8.8 | 2.3 | 8.2 | 48.0 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 8.9 | 58.0 | 86.8 | 44.7 | 1.168 | 1.351 |
无 | D | 84.74 | 100.0 | 1.783 | 0.781 | |||||||||||
26 | 实施例3 | D | 60.0 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 8.2 | 42.0 | 2.5 | 5.8 | 0.5 | 9.1 | 45.0 | 89.2 | 57.5 | 0.530 | 0.738 |
27 | 商用 | D | 60.0 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 8.0 | 42.0 | 2.5 | 5.8 | 0.5 | 9.1 | 45.0 | 87.9 | 70.7 | 0.809 | 0.769 |
28 | 实施例1 | D | 60.0 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 8.2 | 42.0 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 0.5 | 9.2 | 44.0 | 88.2 | 64.2 | 0.657 | 0.744 |
29 | 妥尔油 | D | 60.0 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 8.2 | 42.0 | 25 | 5.3 | 0.4 | 9.2 | 42.0 | 86.2 | 59.9 | 1.060 | 0.783 |
原矿粘土样品B的结果表明了本发明新型浮选促集剂较标准妥尔油脂肪酸和实施例15的商用浮选促集剂的优越性。对于该原矿表现最好的(以产物产率和TiO2减少来看)是实施例2的组合物,它能得到产率为60%的粘土产物,TiO2等级为0.39%,GE亮度较高。
使用细原矿粘土样品C时,本发明的浮选促集剂同样超过了标准妥尔油脂肪酸和AP-6493的浮选性能。对该原矿表现最好的是实施例1的浮选促集剂,它在可比的产率61%时获得TiO2含量最大的降低。
粗原矿粘土D对于标准妥尔油浮选法的响应非常差,得到的TiO2降低仅为0.8%,产率为60%。新发明的浮选促集剂与商用浮选促集剂一起得到比标准脂肪酸妥尔油体系有更多改进的浮选性能。与商用浮选促集剂0.81%TiO2和70%产率相比,实施例1和3的组合物得到明显更好的TiO2减少,即分别减少到0.53%和0.66%,但是产率较低,分别为58%和64%。
显然本文所揭示的本发明能够很好地完成所述目的,但是应该理解本发明技术人员能够想出许多变化和实施方案。因此,所附权利要求书覆盖了在本发明精神和范围内的所有这些变化和实施方案。
Claims (7)
1.一种制备矿物浮选促集剂组合物的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
在油和水的存在下,使C6-C22脂肪酸的酯与羟胺盐和碱反应,制得烷基异羟肟酸盐;
然后酸化该烷基异羟肟酸盐,形成有机层和水层;
将有机层与水层分离,得到矿物浮选促集剂组合物,它包含C6-C22脂族异羟肟酸和油的混合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述有机层包含C6-C22脂族异羟肟酸,它基本上不含原料酯及其水解和酯交换的产物。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述方法还包含从烃油、植物油、作物油和动物油中选择油。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于所述油是脂族甘油三酯油。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于该方法还包含从己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、十一烷酸、十二烷酸、十三烷酸、肉豆蔻酸、十五烷酸、软脂酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、油酸、环己基羧酸和环戊基羧酸的甲酯和乙酯中选择酯。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述羟胺盐是硫酸羟胺盐或盐酸羟胺盐。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于该方法还包含将有机层保持于该异羟肟酸固化以上的温度。
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CN112007762A (zh) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-12-01 | 中蓝连海设计研究院有限公司 | 用于含高倍半氧化物胶磷矿的正浮选调整剂及方法与用途 |
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CN113119350B (zh) * | 2021-04-28 | 2023-03-24 | 郑州大学 | 一种矿化富集分离环境微纳塑料污染物的方法 |
CN114057614B (zh) * | 2021-11-05 | 2023-05-23 | 广东省科学院资源利用与稀土开发研究所 | 一种羟肟酸磺酸化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
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1998
- 1998-05-27 US US09/085,364 patent/US6145667A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1999-04-13 RU RU2000132722/02A patent/RU2221059C2/ru active
- 1999-04-13 DE DE69904820T patent/DE69904820T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-13 CN CNB998066370A patent/CN1229508C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-13 PL PL344444A patent/PL193054B1/pl unknown
- 1999-04-13 DK DK99917462T patent/DK1090150T3/da active
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- 1999-04-13 ID IDW20002651A patent/ID27167A/id unknown
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- 1999-05-26 AR ARP990102479A patent/AR018386A1/es active IP Right Grant
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108290167A (zh) * | 2015-11-25 | 2018-07-17 | 塞特工业公司 | 捕收剂组合物和在矿物浮选过程中使用捕收剂组合物的方法 |
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US20020148759A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
CA2333377C (en) | 2008-08-19 |
US6409022B1 (en) | 2002-06-25 |
AU756998B2 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
DK1090150T3 (da) | 2003-04-22 |
PE20000486A1 (es) | 2000-05-29 |
EP1090150A1 (en) | 2001-04-11 |
RU2221059C2 (ru) | 2004-01-10 |
EP1090150B1 (en) | 2003-01-08 |
ZA200005844B (en) | 2002-01-21 |
BR9910736A (pt) | 2001-02-13 |
ID27167A (id) | 2001-03-08 |
CN1303444A (zh) | 2001-07-11 |
PL344444A1 (en) | 2001-11-05 |
AU3557999A (en) | 1999-12-13 |
BR9910736B1 (pt) | 2009-08-11 |
MY122450A (en) | 2006-04-29 |
DE69904820D1 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
WO1999061669A1 (en) | 1999-12-02 |
DE69904820T2 (de) | 2003-11-06 |
AR018386A1 (es) | 2001-11-14 |
CA2333377A1 (en) | 1999-12-02 |
US6145667A (en) | 2000-11-14 |
ES2189412T3 (es) | 2003-07-01 |
TR200003447T2 (tr) | 2001-03-21 |
US6739454B2 (en) | 2004-05-25 |
PL193054B1 (pl) | 2007-01-31 |
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