CN1229013A - 钢制元件的制造方法 - Google Patents
钢制元件的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1229013A CN1229013A CN99104004.XA CN99104004A CN1229013A CN 1229013 A CN1229013 A CN 1229013A CN 99104004 A CN99104004 A CN 99104004A CN 1229013 A CN1229013 A CN 1229013A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- hot forming
- temperature
- component
- under
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/02—Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics
- Y10S148/906—Roller bearing element
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
一种制造在高应力、负荷和/或磨损下工作的如滚动轴承元件之类的钢制元件的制造方法,其特征在于:从在约800—1100℃的热成形温度下有奥氏体碳含量为0.55—0.85%重量的钢开始;在高于钢的A1温度下热成形元件;直接从热成型温度在空气下淬硬元件,可以加水进行强制的对流;把元件进行硬机加工到最后的尺寸;对元件进行表面精加工。
Description
本发明涉及钢制元件的制造方法，这些元件在高应力、负荷和/或磨损下工作，如滚动轴承元件。
通常，如滚动轴承元件之类的元件由含1％C的钢制造。这种钢加热到约1100℃，和在热成形步骤中成形，随后在空气中冷却。其次，钢经软退火，随后经软机械加工，随后在850℃油淬或盐淬硬化，随后经磨削及表面精加工。之后，元件可以装配。制造方法中最费钱的部分是磨制步骤。即使在软机械加工步骤后元件具有要求的最终尺寸及精度，硬化步骤会引起元件的变形，总成本中大部分要用在磨削步骤。
另外，在热成形处理后元件至少两次加热到高温导致高的能量消耗。处理过程也是费时的，并且由于有淬火步骤，该已知的过程也造成环境污染及有着火的危险。
SE-C-467829公开了一种具有共析成分的钢制造元件的方法，按照该方法，在刚高于钢的A1温度下毛坯成形为至少近似地有最终尺寸，随后热成形元件直接从热成形温度硬化。按照最佳实施例，在加热到热成形温度前不要进行软退火步骤。热成形是一种半热的成形方法，在750-800℃下进行，元件直接从热成形温度在油中淬火，得到足够的硬度。
该方法的重要优点在于可取消费时的、成本高的、复杂的软退火工序。但该方法可需进一步改进。
本发明的目的就是解决现有技术存在的上述问题，提供一种比现有技术能量消耗低、加工时间短、对环境更有利及更安全的，制造在高应力、负荷和磨损下使用的钢制元件的制造方法。
为实现本发明的上述目的，本发明提供了一种制造在高应力、负荷和/或磨损下工作的如滚动轴承元件之类的钢制元件的制造方法，其特征在于：
-从在约800-1100℃的热成形温度下有奥氏体碳含量为0.55-0.85％重量的钢开始；
-在高于钢的A1温度下热成形元件；
-直接从热成形温度在空气下淬硬元件，可以加水进行强制的对流；
-把元件进行硬机加工到最后的尺寸；
-对元件进行表面精加工。
通过把热成形步骤中热量用在硬化步骤中，使能量消耗节省了。在元件硬化后进行硬机加工，因此在元件达到最终尺寸后不需要再硬化，不需要磨削或只需很少的磨损，使得时间及成本大大节省了。另外的重要优点是取消了通常的淬火步骤，因此也没有对环境的污染及安全方面的危险。
相应于钢中其余的合金元素，碳含量作了调整，因此在热成形步骤中在奥氏体中溶解的碳的浓度为0.55-0.85％重量。采取这一技术措施，元件不会开裂，和在空冷步骤中元件将完全硬化。
下面通过实施例借助附图更详细地说明本发明，附图中：
图1示出用按照本发明的方法制成的真实尺寸的环形部分的硬度分布。
在按照本发明的方法中，钢必须设计成在热成形温度有合适的奥氏体碳含量。太高的溶解碳含量会导致淬火裂纹。
另外，钢的淬硬性必须使得进行很温和的或慢的淬火(如在空气中冷却)时，环形部分能整个硬化。
下面的实例示出本发明，但是本发明不局限于所讨论的钢的成分。本发明的专业人员可根据要求的最终成分的性能，使用本说明书的信息改变不同的合金成分的含量。实例 方法
目标是在热轧后直接完全硬化的环(9kg/工件)。锻造温度在开始时约为1100℃，和在最终成型步骤降到约850℃。环在传送带上经受稍微的强制的空冷。当环达到室温，它们后淬火到5℃。之后，环在150℃回火1小时。
随后，环进行硬机械加工，并经过表面精加工。材料的化学成分
与传统的处理的AISI 52100钢成分比较，在从锻造温度进行温和淬火下，成分最佳化得到相等的或改善的性能(整个截面＞60HRC，和近似15％的残余奥氏体)。由于在锻造温度下，所有的使用的合金元素在固溶体中，有下面的考虑：
0.66％重量的C-碳含量必须足够低以避免淬火裂纹及过份量的残余奥氏体，但是要足够高以达到要求的硬度水平。
1.45％重量的Si-硅含量必须选择为比较高以增加硬度面对Ms温度没有太大的影响，并抑制残余奥氏体分解及渗碳体沉淀。因此硬化及回火结构在加热下稳定，不会由于暴露在热条件下而软化。
0.28％重量的Mn-与例如AISI52100比在正常水平。与淬硬性收益相比，锰使Ms温度下降太多(对珠光体及贝氏体转变的影响)。
1.51％重量的Cr-与例如AISI52100比在正常水平。铬可以增加淬硬性。
1.03％重量的Ni-加入镍将明显地增加淬硬性。另外，会影响马氏体的韧性。
0.23％重量的Mo-大大增加淬硬性，特别影响珠光体转化。
硬度和结构
达到的硬度为62.5HRC，整个环的截面均匀，见图1。结构是马氏体及约15％残余奥氏体。讨论
表1示出用与传统的马氏体AISI 52100元件不同的新材料通过新方法制成的产品的性能。
表1
用与传统的马氏体AISI 52100钢元件相比更佳的钢及用新方法处理的元件的性能。
| 回火(150℃)后硬度 | 韧性 | 结构稳定性 | 最大工作温度 | 在长工作时间后保持硬度的性能 | |
| 新 | 相等 | 相等 | 更高 | 更高 | 更高 |
Claims (2)
1.一种制造在高应力、负荷和/或磨损下工作的如滚动轴承元件之类的钢制元件的制造方法，其特征在于：
-从在约800-1100℃的热成形温度下有奥氏体碳含量为0.55-0.85％重量的钢开始；
-在高于钢的A1温度下热成形元件；
-直接从热成形温度在空气下淬硬元件，可以加水进行强制的对流；
-把元件进行硬机加工到最后的尺寸；
-对元件进行表面精加工。
2.按照权利要求1的方法，其特征在于所述的钢的成分为＞0.55％C，0-2％ Si，0-2％ Mn，0-20％ Cr，0-5％ Ni，0-3％ Mo，及加有0-1％ V和/或Nb。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9800859-2 | 1998-03-16 | ||
| SE98008592 | 1998-03-16 | ||
| SE9800859A SE521771C2 (sv) | 1998-03-16 | 1998-03-16 | Sätt att tillverka komponenter av stål |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1229013A true CN1229013A (zh) | 1999-09-22 |
| CN1131116C CN1131116C (zh) | 2003-12-17 |
Family
ID=20410560
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99104004.XA Expired - Fee Related CN1131116C (zh) | 1998-03-16 | 1999-03-16 | 钢制元件的制造方法 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6176948B1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0943694B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP3372219B2 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1131116C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69928463T2 (zh) |
| SE (1) | SE521771C2 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101506391B (zh) * | 2006-09-28 | 2011-09-14 | 罗兹埃德公司 | 无缝地在径向轴向环轧机上制造的环的热机械处理方法 |
| CN104668886A (zh) * | 2013-11-01 | 2015-06-03 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 一种加工大尺寸滚子的方法 |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19821797C1 (de) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-07-08 | Skf Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gehärteten Teilen aus Stahl |
| WO2001018273A1 (fr) * | 1999-09-03 | 2001-03-15 | Nsk Ltd. | Roulement a rouleaux |
| DE10209264B4 (de) | 2002-03-01 | 2005-06-02 | Ab Skf | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils aus Metall |
| DE10247372A1 (de) * | 2002-10-10 | 2004-04-22 | Rexroth Star Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gehärteten, insbesondere wälzbeanspruchten, Bauteilen aus Stahl |
| DE10333165A1 (de) * | 2003-07-22 | 2005-02-24 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Pressgehärtetes Bauteil und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines pressgehärteten Bauteils |
| JP4712603B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-28 | 2011-06-29 | Ｎｔｎ株式会社 | 転動部品の製造方法、軌道輪および軸受 |
| US20100236317A1 (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2010-09-23 | Sigelko Jeff D | Method for forming articles at an elevated temperature |
| CN101886502A (zh) * | 2009-05-13 | 2010-11-17 | 陈敬生 | 门铰组件的制造工艺及此工艺获得的门铰组件 |
| CN110257710A (zh) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-09-20 | 常州市中宇合金轧辊厂 | 一种扎制高速钢轨用模具钢轧辊及其加工工艺 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3369942A (en) * | 1964-02-24 | 1968-02-20 | Gen Electric | Bearing and method of making |
| GB1361553A (en) * | 1972-09-22 | 1974-07-24 | Ford Motor Co | Anti-friction bearing component manufacture |
| US4088511A (en) * | 1976-07-29 | 1978-05-09 | Lasalle Steel Company | Steels combining toughness and machinability |
| US4957702A (en) * | 1988-04-30 | 1990-09-18 | Qinghua University | Air-cooling duplex bainite-martensite steels |
| SE467829B (sv) * | 1988-09-02 | 1992-09-21 | Ovako Steel Ab | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av element av staal med eutektoid sammansaettning |
| DE3910959C2 (de) * | 1989-04-05 | 1997-04-03 | Skf Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Wälzlagerelementen aus durchhärtendem Wälzlagerstahl |
| DE4007487A1 (de) * | 1990-03-09 | 1991-09-12 | Skf Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von maschinenelementen aus stahl |
| JPH0499129A (ja) * | 1990-08-07 | 1992-03-31 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | リング状材料の熱処理方法 |
| US5409554A (en) * | 1993-09-15 | 1995-04-25 | The Timken Company | Prevention of particle embrittlement in grain-refined, high-strength steels |
| EP0794321B1 (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 2002-12-04 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited | Sliding part and method for manufacturing the same |
-
1998
- 1998-03-16 SE SE9800859A patent/SE521771C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-03-11 JP JP06440299A patent/JP3372219B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-15 EP EP99850038A patent/EP0943694B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-15 DE DE69928463T patent/DE69928463T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-16 US US09/268,651 patent/US6176948B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-16 CN CN99104004.XA patent/CN1131116C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101506391B (zh) * | 2006-09-28 | 2011-09-14 | 罗兹埃德公司 | 无缝地在径向轴向环轧机上制造的环的热机械处理方法 |
| US8377238B2 (en) | 2006-09-28 | 2013-02-19 | Rothe Erde Gmbh | Method for the thermomechanical treatment of seamless rings produced on radial-axial ring rolling machines |
| CN104668886A (zh) * | 2013-11-01 | 2015-06-03 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 一种加工大尺寸滚子的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6176948B1 (en) | 2001-01-23 |
| SE9800859D0 (sv) | 1998-03-16 |
| JP3372219B2 (ja) | 2003-01-27 |
| DE69928463D1 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
| SE521771C2 (sv) | 2003-12-02 |
| EP0943694A1 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
| EP0943694B1 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
| JPH11309630A (ja) | 1999-11-09 |
| DE69928463T2 (de) | 2006-08-17 |
| SE9800859L (sv) | 1999-09-17 |
| CN1131116C (zh) | 2003-12-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8562767B2 (en) | Method of heat treating a steel bearing component | |
| CN101115859B (zh) | 高浓度渗碳·低应变淬火部件及其制造方法 | |
| CN1131116C (zh) | 钢制元件的制造方法 | |
| GB2535782A (en) | Bearing Steel | |
| JPH02153018A (ja) | 鋼部材の製造方法 | |
| CN1144885C (zh) | 表面具有下贝氏体组织的滚动轴承钢及其制备方法 | |
| DE102016120608A1 (de) | Legierung mit hoher Kernhärte, geeignet zum Schnell-Nitrieren | |
| US20150023623A1 (en) | Bearing component | |
| US6902631B2 (en) | Air-hardening, low to medium carbon steel for improved heat treatment | |
| KR100372011B1 (ko) | 오스템퍼드 구상흑연주철 및 그 제조방법 | |
| EP1120577B1 (en) | Rolling bearing and method for fabricating a race for a rolling bearing | |
| CN1117172C (zh) | 不锈钢 | |
| JPH10237589A (ja) | 被削性に優れた高強度・高靱性マルテンサイト型非調質鋼及びその製造方法 | |
| Feng et al. | Elimination of Cracks in GCr15 Bearing Rings After Heat Treatment | |
| US20230147672A1 (en) | Heat treatment method for steel product, steel product and bearing ring | |
| US20240124950A1 (en) | Method for heat treating a steel component | |
| KR101262458B1 (ko) | 열변형 저항성이 우수한 베어링용 강선재 및 그 제조방법 | |
| JPH09256105A (ja) | 軸受要素部品及びその製造方法 | |
| EP2771495B1 (en) | A bearing component | |
| JPH0559526A (ja) | 耐摩耗性及び転動疲労性に優れた鋼の製造法 | |
| Schlegel | Heat Treatment of Steel | |
| JPH04337024A (ja) | 軸受鋼の製造方法 | |
| JP3104449B2 (ja) | 浸炭歯車の熱処理法 | |
| JPH02159360A (ja) | 浸炭焼入部材の製造方法 | |
| CN117583409A (zh) | 一种高性能紧固件用2Cr13合金冷拔材的制备工艺 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20031217 Termination date: 20150316 |
|
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |