CN1144885C - 表面具有下贝氏体组织的滚动轴承钢及其制备方法 - Google Patents
表面具有下贝氏体组织的滚动轴承钢及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1144885C CN1144885C CNB008062102A CN00806210A CN1144885C CN 1144885 C CN1144885 C CN 1144885C CN B008062102 A CNB008062102 A CN B008062102A CN 00806210 A CN00806210 A CN 00806210A CN 1144885 C CN1144885 C CN 1144885C
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/02—Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/36—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for balls; for rollers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
- Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics
- Y10S148/906—Roller bearing element
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种从1C-1.5Cr型系列钢制备滚动轴承部件如滚动轴承圈的方法,以及由所述的方法所制得的滚动轴承部件。至少滚动轴承部件的表面具有贝氏体组织。业已发现,与未经冷轧处理的部件相比,所述组织的使用寿命明显增加。优选采用下贝氏体组织,该组织可从通常的、铁素体的1C-1.5Cr型钢制得。在奥氏体化处理之前,所述的钢进行冷变形处理。淬火,使之得到贝氏体组织。
Description
本发明涉及一种1C-1.5Cr型钢系列的滚动轴承钢(rolling bearingsteel)。这样的钢通常具有下列成分:
碳: 0.85-1.10wt.%
硅: 0.005-0.6wt.%
锰: 0.005-0.80wt.%
铬: 1.25-2.05wt.%
镍: 最高0.35wt.%
钼: 最高0.36wt.%
其余 铁及常规杂质
具有这种成分的钢被广泛用于制备滚动轴承部件(rolling bearingcomponent)。从铁素体组织出发,这种钢经过奥氏体化热处理,之后,经淬火处理,得到最终部件的马氏体表面组织。这种马氏体组织相对坚硬,具有较好的基本性质。在对滚动接触疲劳寿命(contact fatigue life)和韧度感兴趣的应用场合下,则使用渗碳钢(carburised steel)。渗碳钢及其热处理成本昂贵,而且其相关的热处理通常复杂得多。
EP0896068A1公开了一种轴承钢的贝氏体硬化方法。为了达到这种目的,处于铁素体状态的起始物料,经奥氏体化处理,之后淬火,得到最终的贝氏体组织。
本发明的目的是提供一种具有改进性质的钢,特别是具有改进的滚动接触疲劳和较好的韧度性质。
根据本发明,这可以通过使铁素体状态的钢经过变形处理(deformation)而得以实现。这种变形处理可以是热处理,也可以是冷处理。如果采用热变形(warm deformation)处理,优选在铁素体相中进行变形处理,即在低于700℃的温度下进行。在热成形(warm forming)中,变形所得到的位错晶胞会在加热到硬化温度的过程中形成微细的亚晶粒(sub-grain),从而得到一种更精细的组织,该组织是采用下贝氏体硬化(lower barnitic hardening)方法处理的结果。
进一步讲,这种钢要采用轧制的方法进行成形。优选地,如果从钢管(tube)出发来制备滚动轴承部件的环圈(ring),那么进行冷变形(colddeformation)处理,在此过程中,环圈本身也是从钢管以较少的机械切削操作而制得的。这意味着较少的材料损耗。已经发现,如果使用冷轧(cold rolling),奥氏体的起始温度(start temperature)和终止温度(finishtemperature)会降低,也即:从铁素体向奥氏体的转化会在较低的温度下进行,而且在同样的温度时会更加彻底。贝氏体的转化时间优选至少为180分钟。除了降低轧制的、更具体为冷轧的奥氏体化温度外,马氏体的起始温度也降低了约30℃,大大低于250℃。一般来说,其显微组织(microstructure)显示出更精细的晶粒。贝氏体优选包括能够额外延长滚动轴承部件使用寿命的下贝氏体(lower barnite),所述的滚动轴承部件是由该种钢所制备的。
当然,在变形处理时,也可以从其它的、作为钢管的物件出发。例如,可以是初级成形过程(车削、铣削)后的部件或环状物。冷成形(coldforming)包括轧制、锻压、成形等。
在与球形碳化物(spheroidal carbide)的交界处,铁素体的亚晶粒边界可能是奥氏体成核位(nuclination site);与未经变形处理的、在同样条件下奥氏体化的1C-1.5Cr相比,这会使得奥氏体晶粒的尺寸细化。
优选使用相对较纯的钢,即氧含量最高为9ppm,硫含量最高为0.004wt.%,钛含量最高为15ppm,磷含量最高为0.015wt.%。
为了表明在制备滚动轴承圈时冷轧相对于热轧(hot rolling)的有益效果,本发明进行了对比试验。除了冷轧和热轧外,两种样品的热处理完全相同。试验表明,热轧的球形滚柱轴承(roller bearing)的L10相对寿命是52-157百万转,置信水平为106~95。
而在同样的试验条件下,冷轧圈的L10寿命超过294百万转。尽管对于本发明的保护范围不是必须的,但确实是由于铁素体基体的冷轧,而使位错形成了亚晶粒。而亚晶粒的形成导致了更精细的奥氏体。淬火在马氏体起始温度之上的温度开始。
上面所述的处理是提高碳含量通常较低的滚动轴承钢的滚动接触疲劳寿命的方法。这样的钢通常要进行渗碳处理或碳氮共渗处理,以将其表面硬度提高到足够的大小。在奥氏体化处理过程中,变形率(%deformation)对于所得到的奥氏体晶粒的大小有影响。相对较低的变形会形成晶粒粒径为几μm的较粗的材料。然而,如果进行相当的变形,例如超过30%、更具体超过60%,晶粒大小就会降低,明显低于2μm。
应该注意,本发明的保护范围不限于上面所述的实施方式,而是由所附的权利要求书所决定。
Claims (9)
1、一种制备滚动轴承钢的方法,包括:提供一铁素体的1C-1.5Cr型钢,该钢包含0.85-1.10wt.%的碳、0.005-0.6wt.%的硅、0.005-0.80wt.%的锰、1.25-2.05wt.%的铬、最高0.35wt.%的镍、最高0.36wt.%的钼,余量为铁和通常的杂质;使所述的钢奥氏体化,随后进行淬火,得到最终的贝氏体组织;其中,在进行奥氏体化处理之前,将所述的钢在铁素体状态下、低于700℃的温度下进行变形处理,至少变形30%。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述的变形包括冷变形。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述的奥氏体化温度在800~900℃之间。
4、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述的淬火温度低于250℃。
5、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述的淬火处理得到下贝氏体。
6、一种制备1C-1.5Cr型钢滚柱轴承圈的方法,所述的钢包含0.85-1.10wt.%的碳、0.005-0.6wt.%的硅、0.005-0.80wt.%的锰、1.25-2.05wt.%的铬、最高0.35wt.%的镍、最高0.36wt.%的钼,余量为铁和通常的杂质;其中,对铁素体基体组织的钢管在低于700℃的温度下进行冷轧,变形至少为30%;将所述的钢管分割成环圈;使所述的钢奥氏体化,随后进行淬火,得到贝氏体组织。
7、根据权利要求1-5之一所述方法制备的滚动轴承钢,其中,至少其表面包括贝氏体组织,而不包括马氏体组织。
8、用权利要求7所述的滚动轴承钢制备的滚动轴承部件。
9、如权利要求8所述的滚动轴承部件,其包括球形滚柱轴承部件。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1011806 | 1999-04-15 | ||
NL1011806A NL1011806C2 (nl) | 1999-04-15 | 1999-04-15 | Kogellagerstaal met een oppervlak met een onderbainitische structuur en een werkwijze voor het vervaardigen daarvan. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1347462A CN1347462A (zh) | 2002-05-01 |
CN1144885C true CN1144885C (zh) | 2004-04-07 |
Family
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CNB008062102A Expired - Fee Related CN1144885C (zh) | 1999-04-15 | 2000-04-07 | 表面具有下贝氏体组织的滚动轴承钢及其制备方法 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6475309B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1183399B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5264031B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100466080B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1144885C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU3845600A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60003553T3 (zh) |
NL (1) | NL1011806C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2000063450A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005035837B4 (de) * | 2005-07-30 | 2013-04-11 | Ab Skf | Wälzlagerung |
US8152687B2 (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2012-04-10 | Torotrack (Development) Limited | Powdered metal variator components |
JP5463662B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-10 | 2014-04-09 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 転動疲労特性に優れた軸受鋼およびその製造方法 |
CN102046828A (zh) * | 2008-03-25 | 2011-05-04 | Skf公司 | 轴承工件 |
JP5463675B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-30 | 2014-04-09 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 軸受鋼およびその製造方法 |
EP2408940B1 (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2018-10-03 | Ab Skf | Method of manufacturing a bearing ring |
WO2014049032A1 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2014-04-03 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Hypoeutectoid Bearing Steel |
CN102953006B (zh) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-08-06 | 燕山大学 | 整体硬贝氏体轴承钢及其制造方法 |
DE102016208681A1 (de) * | 2015-05-25 | 2016-12-01 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Verfahren zum Wiederherstellen der Struktur einer Stahlkomponente nach einem Erhitzen und durch das Verfahren erhaltene Stahlkomponente |
DE102016226019B4 (de) * | 2016-12-22 | 2022-12-15 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kupplungselement einer Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungseinrichtung |
CN110331272B (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2020-05-05 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种轴承组件高强韧组织的形变相变协同调控方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3999416A (en) † | 1975-10-24 | 1976-12-28 | General Electric Company | Cold rolling a contour in metal rings |
US4023988A (en) † | 1976-02-02 | 1977-05-17 | Ford Motor Company | Heat treatment for ball bearing steel to improve resistance to rolling contact fatigue |
GB1590114A (en) * | 1978-03-21 | 1981-05-28 | Ransome Hoffmann Pollard | Rolling element bearings |
GB1590113A (en) * | 1978-03-21 | 1981-05-28 | Ransome Hoffmann Pollard | Rolling element bearings |
DE2817628C2 (de) * | 1978-04-21 | 1985-08-14 | Hilti Ag, Schaan | Zähe, hochfeste Stahllegierungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Werkstücke |
US4225365A (en) * | 1978-11-15 | 1980-09-30 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Lower bainite alloy steel article and method of making same |
FR2757877B1 (fr) † | 1996-12-31 | 1999-02-05 | Ascometal Sa | Acier et procede pour la fabrication d'une piece en acier mise en forme par deformation plastique a froid |
SE510344C2 (sv) * | 1997-08-01 | 1999-05-17 | Ovako Steel Ab | Sätt för fullständig bainithärdning av stål |
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1999
- 1999-04-15 NL NL1011806A patent/NL1011806C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-04-07 US US09/937,153 patent/US6475309B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-07 CN CNB008062102A patent/CN1144885C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-07 EP EP00917496A patent/EP1183399B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-07 WO PCT/NL2000/000229 patent/WO2000063450A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2000-04-07 JP JP2000612525A patent/JP5264031B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-07 DE DE60003553T patent/DE60003553T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-07 KR KR10-2001-7012930A patent/KR100466080B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2000-04-07 AU AU38456/00A patent/AU3845600A/en not_active Abandoned
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AU3845600A (en) | 2000-11-02 |
JP2002542395A (ja) | 2002-12-10 |
EP1183399B2 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
KR20010108488A (ko) | 2001-12-07 |
CN1347462A (zh) | 2002-05-01 |
DE60003553T2 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
JP5264031B2 (ja) | 2013-08-14 |
DE60003553D1 (de) | 2003-07-31 |
NL1011806C2 (nl) | 2000-10-17 |
WO2000063450A1 (en) | 2000-10-26 |
DE60003553T3 (de) | 2008-02-21 |
EP1183399A1 (en) | 2002-03-06 |
EP1183399B1 (en) | 2003-06-25 |
KR100466080B1 (ko) | 2005-01-13 |
US6475309B1 (en) | 2002-11-05 |
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