CN1222758C - 用于测量容器中填料填充位置的装置 - Google Patents

用于测量容器中填料填充位置的装置 Download PDF

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CN1222758C
CN1222758C CNB018131700A CN01813170A CN1222758C CN 1222758 C CN1222758 C CN 1222758C CN B018131700 A CNB018131700 A CN B018131700A CN 01813170 A CN01813170 A CN 01813170A CN 1222758 C CN1222758 C CN 1222758C
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CN1443302A (zh
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约奇穆·纽豪斯
迈克·克劳斯
尤都·格瑞特克
歌德·沃特曼
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
    • G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
    • G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
    • G01F23/266—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors measuring circuits therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves

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  • Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于测量容器(11)中填料(12)的填充位置的装置，包括传感器(2)和控制和分析单元(4)。本发明的目的是提供一种在容器(11)中进行优化填充位置确定和/或填充位置监控的装置。为此，传感器(2)能够在两种不同的测量过程中相关地使用，或者在两种不同操作模式下工作，而控制和分析单元(4)在至少一个测量过程中，或在至少一个操作模式中，利用由传感器(2)所获取的测量数据来确定容器(11)中填料(2)的填充位置。

Description

用于测量容器中填料填充位置的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于测量容器中填料填充位置的装置。
背景技术
为了确定容器中填料的填充位置，设置了测量系统，可用来测量不同的物理量。根据这些物理量可推导出与填充位置相关的信息。这里除机械探测器外，还可采用电容式、电感式或流体静力学测量探测器，以及基于超声波、微波或辐射的检测器。
在利用电容法确定容器中填料填充位置时，电容式探测器与容器壁形成了电容器的电极。如容器壁不可导，需要在容器内或容器外设置一个分立的第二电极。容器中介质的填充位置决定了两个电极之间是空气还是介质，因为这两种物质的介电常数不同，这也体现在测量电容值的变化中。显然，每次的测量电容值还取决于容器中介质的填充位置，因为“填充位置”与“测量电容值”两者之间存在函数关系。因而电容式探测器不仅可测量填充位置临界值，还可用于连续地确定填充位置。一种电容式填充位置探测器例如由DE 195 36 199 C2已知。
在利用所传导的电磁高频脉冲(如TDR方法或脉冲雷达方法)或调频连续微波(例如FMCW雷达方法)的延时方法中，将测量信号耦合输入到可导元件或波导上，并借助于波导引入装有填料的容器中。人们已知可采用不同的波导：根据Sommerfeld或Goubau的表面波导，以及Lecher波导。
这种测量方法利用了这种物理效应：两种不同的介质，在例如空气和油或者空气和水之间的临界面上，由于两种介质的个电常数突变(非连续地改变)，导致所引入的高频脉冲或微波发生部分反射，并经过可导元件反向引入到接收装置中。两种介质的介电常数差别越大，所反射的部分(有效回波信号)就越大。根据高频脉冲或CN信号中反射部分(回波信号)的延时可确定到填料表面的距离。
电容式测量系统与利用所传导的电磁测量信号的测量系统相比各有利弊：对于填料的表面晃动，电容式传感器的测量几乎不受影响。即便是起泡的填料或电容式传感器上附着物的成分对其影响也不大。然而为了实现高精度的填充位置测量，需要对电容式测量系统在至少两个水平位置进行校正，这样会因为容器大小和填料性质而造成时间浪费，在极端情况下，电容式传感器会发生断路。电容式测量系统的另一缺点是，对不可导填料的测量会受到介电常数的影响。
利用高频测量信号的测量系统的缺点在于：填充位置测量在被称为阻塞测距的区域内不能进行，因为在此区域内有效回波信号淹没在干扰信号中。例如，在将测量信号引入到可导元件的区域中，测量信号的反射会导致干扰信号，或者干扰信号可能在测量信号与用于固定测量系统的套接管(在阻塞测距之上)之间的相互作用中产生。另一种限制测量区域的干扰信号来自可导元件的自由端(在阻塞测距之下)。
利用高频测量信号的测量系统也有其优越之处：能得到高精度的测量结果，并且通常无需校正，更不需要电容式测量系统中必需的二点校正。此外，借助于所引入的测量信号的测量过程不受填料介电常数影响，即便介电常数比较小，仍保持良好的测量性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可实现容器中的优化填充位置确定和/或填充位置监控的装置。
该目的这样来实现，该装置包括传感器和控制和分析单元。其中这样来设计传感器，使得它能够与至少两种不同的测量方法相关地工作，或者在至少两种不同的驱动模式下工作，其中控制和分析单元分别根据两种测量方法中的一种或在两种驱动模式中的一种下驱动传感器，并且其中控制和分析单元借助于传感器通过至少一种测量方法或者在至少一种驱动模式下得到的测量数据来确定容器中填料填充位置。根据本发明提供的方案，可在任意时间选择使用电容式测量方法或利用高频测量信号的测量方法来得到测量数据，也可同时使用两种方法，即并行地得到数据。这样例如可根据待测填料的特性实现测量系统的最优匹配，在给定条件下也可得到最好的测量结果。如果由电容式测量系统和利用所传导的测量信号的测量系统所得到的测量值集中位于很短的时间内，则可以进行似然校验。
本发明所述装置的特别有利之处在于，可以在整个容器高度上进行高精度填充位置测量，其中分别得到的测量值几乎不受被测填料的特性和种类的影响。在整个容器高度上的高精度测量由此来实现：当一种测量系统测量性能较差时，就可用另一种方法来代替。此外，其中一种系统所得到的测量值也可根据另一种测量系统得到的测量值进行校正。例如，电容式测量系统测量值可通过利用所传导的测量信号的测量系统得到的测量值来校正。
根据本发明所述装置的一种优选改进型，传感器为至少一个插入到容器中的可导元件。该可导元件例如可以是至少一根杆或是至少一根线缆。
根据本发明所述装置的一种具有优点的实施例，采用至少一个可导元件，有选择性地用于实施电容式测量方法或延时测量法，其中在电容式测量方法中，至少一个可导元件形成了电极；在延时方法中，高频测量信号沿着至少一个可导元件被传导。
根据本发明所述装置的一种具有优点的改进型，设置了一个输入和输出单元，通过它分别输入所希望的传感器驱动模式。操作人员就可使所采用的测量系统最优地匹配待测或待监控的填料的特性。
可选地，设置了一个开关单元，使传感器可在两种运行模式之间切换。特别地，开关单元为一个电子开关，优选地为一个MOSFET晶体管。如上所述，通过开关可交替地启动两种测量系统，从而可为填充位置的确定/监控获取两种测量系统的测量值。
此外根据本发明所述装置的一种优选改进型，控制和分析单元中设置了用于控制传感器的程序，通过它传感器可以交替地或者根据预先给定的开关规则在至少两种不同的驱动模式之间切换。特别地，控制和分析单元可根据至少两种不同测量方法得到的填充位置值进行似然校验。
此外，根据本发明所述装置的一种具有优点的实施方式，可以这样来控制传感器，使得它可同时或近似于同时测量或准备好根据至少两种方法得到的测量值。
附图说明
下面借助图1对本发明做更详细的说明。
图1为本发明所述装置的原理图。
具体实施方式
填料12位于容器11内。其中填料12可以为固体或液体。传感器2插入到容器11中，传感器在容器11的盖14上的一个孔13中，例如一个套接管中被固定。传感器2的主要部件是可导元件3。可导元件3可以设计为线缆或杆。可导元件3最好伸到容器11的整体高度以上。
这里的传感器2可以交替地或同时通过电容式测量或利用高频测量信号的延时测量得到填充位置值。如果传感器2在“延时法”驱动模式下工作，高频测量信号沿传感器2引入或引出容器11。
图1所示为发明所示装置1的一种实施例，在这里可以有选择性地通过两种可能的测量方法中的一种来得到填充位置值。这种有选择性的控制可以通过控制和分析单元4与开关单元7来实现。在图中所示的情况下，电容式传感器的控制电路5恰好通过开关单元7与传感器2相连接，即通过电容式测量测得填充位置值。在经过一段给定的时间之后，例如由控制和分析单元4进行控制之后，将用于利用所传导的测量信号的传感器2的控制电路6通过开关单元7与传感器2相连接。这样就可通过测量所传导的高频测量信号的延时来得到容器11中填料12的填充位置。
这两种测量技术无论交替使用还是同时使用，都可进行似然校验。如两种测量方法所得到的测量值之间的偏差超出了预先给定的容差范围，输入和输出单元10例如将向操作人员给出相应提示。附带地可启动警报。
此外，这样来应用这两种测量系统，使得它们可以相互弥补缺点。例如，借助于利用所传导的信号的测量系统来补偿电容式测量系统。另外在利用所传导的测量信号的测量系统中的阻塞测距区域，就可通过电容式测量系统来确定填充位置值。
显然，这里传感器2可采用通用的传感器。由于电容式与确定所传导的高频测量信号的延时这两种测量方法的相互补充，可根据实际应用的情况利用这两种测量方法得到更好的测量结果。例如，与待测填料12的特性相关地，仅根据两种可能的测量技术之一来进行工作。传感器2所希望的功能可由操作人员通过输入和输出单元10来设置。
附图标记列表
1 本发明所述装置
2 传感器
3 可导元件
4 控制和处理单元
5 电容式传感器的控制电路
6 利用所传导的测量信号的传感器的控制电路
7 开关单元
8 连接导线
9 输入耦合
10 输入和输出单元
11 容器
12 填料
13 孔
14 盖

Claims (8)

1.用于测量容器中填料液位的装置，由设计为可导元件的传感器以及控制和分析单元构成，其特征在于，
这样来设计传感器(2)，使得它在至少两种不同的工作模式下工作，其中传感器在一种工作模式下利用电容式测量方法工作，并且在另一种工作模式下利用高频测量信号的延时方法工作，其中在电容式测量方法的情况下，可导元件(3)形成电极，在高频测量信号的延时方法的情况下，高频测量信号沿着可导元件(3)被传导，并且其中所述高频测量信号是被传导的电磁高频脉冲或被传导的连续的、频率调制的微波，
控制和分析单元(4)分别根据两种测量方法中的一种，或者在两种工作模式中的至少一种工作模式下驱动传感器(2)，并且
控制和分析单元(4)借助于传感器(2)通过至少一种测量方法或者在至少一种工作模式下得到的测量值来确定容器(11)中填料(12)的液位。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，特征在于，可导元件(3)为一根或多根杆或者一根或多根线缆。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，设置了输入和输出单元(10)，通过它可分别输入所希望的传感器(2)的工作模式。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，设置了开关单元(7)，通过它传感器(2)可在两种工作模式之间切换。
5.如权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于，开关单元(7)为电子开关。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，在控制和分析单元(4)中设置了用于控制传感器(2)的程序，通过该程序传感器(2)可以通过开关单元(7)在两种不同的工作模式之间连续地、交替地、或者根据预先给定的开关规则切换。
7.如权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，控制和分析单元(4)利用根据两种不同的测量方法所得到的液位值进行似然校验。
8.如权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，控制和分析单元(4)这样来控制传感器(2)，使得可以同时或者近似于同时地测量根据两种测量方法所得到的测量数据。
CNB018131700A 2000-08-02 2001-07-25 用于测量容器中填料填充位置的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1222758C (zh)

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US8039847B2 (en) 2004-06-04 2011-10-18 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Printable semiconductor structures and related methods of making and assembling
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US20020017131A1 (en) 2002-02-14
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CA2424036A1 (en) 2003-03-17
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