CN1215151C - 有机十六烷改进剂 - Google Patents

有机十六烷改进剂 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1215151C
CN1215151C CNB018080227A CN01808022A CN1215151C CN 1215151 C CN1215151 C CN 1215151C CN B018080227 A CNB018080227 A CN B018080227A CN 01808022 A CN01808022 A CN 01808022A CN 1215151 C CN1215151 C CN 1215151C
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luobusu
improving agent
hexadecane
ester selected
nitrate ester
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CN1483071A (zh
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弗雷德里克·L·乔丹
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OREIK ENERGY INTERNATIONAL Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites

Abstract

此处描述的本发明的实施方案可增加燃料中十六烷值。描述了包含在惰性气氛下制备的β-胡萝卜素的十六烷改进剂，还描述了制备这种组合物的方法。优选的组合物是含十六烷改进剂的2号柴油机燃料，所述十六烷改进剂包含在惰性气氛下制备的β-胡萝卜素。

Description

有机十六烷改进剂
发明领域
广泛地，本发明涉及一种组合物和增加燃料中十六烷值的方法。更具体地，发现通过混合含有在惰性气氛中制得的β-胡萝卜素的燃料添加剂可增加燃料中十六烷值。
发明背景
因为我们的自然资源缩小，并且燃料的价格持续上涨，关注提高燃料效率已变得极为重要。通过添加燃料添加剂可提高燃料效率。已知几种现有的燃料添加剂可增加燃料效率，例如，美国专利号4,274,835，5,826,369，和6,193,766公开了提高燃烧的燃料添加剂。尽管这些发明成功了，但仍存在提高燃烧的燃料添加剂的需要。
发明概述
此处描述的本发明的实施方案涉及增加燃料中十六烷值的燃料添加剂，和使用它的方法。例如，在一个实施方案中，增加燃料中十六烷值的方法包含将在惰性气氛下溶解的β-胡萝卜素添加到所述燃料中的步骤。在另一个实施方案中，通过提供在惰性气氛中溶解的β-胡萝卜素，提供硝酸烷基酯，并混合β-胡萝卜素与硝酸烷基酯来制备十六烷改进剂。在后一个实施方案中，硝酸烷基酯是硝酸2-乙基己酯，或惰性气氛是氮气。另外，后一种制备十六烷改进剂的方法可进一步包含在混合β-胡萝卜素与硝酸烷基酯之前，混合β-胡萝卜素与甲苯的步骤。
本发明的组合物可包括，例如，通过上述一种方法制得的十六烷改进剂，或包含非氧化的β-胡萝卜素的十六烷改进剂。这些十六烷改进剂实施方案也可包含硝酸烷基酯和/或甲苯。另外，在某些组合物中，硝酸烷基酯是硝酸2-乙基己酯。本发明的优选实施方案是包含一种上述十六烷改进剂的2号柴油机燃料。
发明详述
此处描述的本发明涉及一种组合物，和增加燃料中十六烷值的方法。在一个实施方案中，十六烷改进剂包含在惰性气氛下制备的β-胡萝卜素。意外地，发现在惰性气氛中溶解的β-胡萝卜素更有效地增加2号柴油机燃料中十六烷值，并且比通过常规方法制备的β-胡萝卜素维持增加的十六烷值更长的时间。在优选的实施方案中，通过混合在惰性气氛中溶解的β-胡萝卜素与甲苯载体，和硝酸烷基酯(如硝酸2-乙基己酯)，制备十六烷改进剂。优选的用此处描述的方法制备的十六烷改进剂以协同方式增加2号柴油机燃料中十六烷值。
在一个优选的方式中，十六烷改进剂可通过下列方法配制。在惰性气氛下(如氮气，氦，或氩气)，将4克β-胡萝卜素(每克的维生素A活性为1.6兆国际单位)溶解在3.785升液态烃甲苯载体中，同时加热并搅拌。溶解的β-胡萝卜素或以别的方式在惰性气氛下制备的β-胡萝卜素称为“非氧化的β-胡萝卜素”。非氧化的β-胡萝卜素和甲苯的混合物称为“B/C-甲苯溶液”。近似地，去除946毫升的B/C-甲苯溶液。接着，将约946毫升100％的硝酸2-乙基己酯溶液(也称为“2-EHN”)加到2.839升B/C甲苯溶液中，以获得3.785升的总体积。即，去除B/C甲苯最初体积的约25％，并用等体积的硝酸2-乙基己酯代替。
应该理解，纯2-EHN是理想的，但硝酸烷基酯和级别的改变也是合适的。而且，技术人员可以理解，其它硝酸烷基酯等同于硝酸2-乙基己酯，因此可被代替。理想地，制定十六烷改进剂的许多不同配方，每种具有一种不同的硝酸烷基酯或多种硝酸烷基酯和/或它的相对于β-胡萝卜素的比例，β-胡萝卜素已在惰性气氛下溶解，并且按照下述方法评估这些配方增加2号柴油机燃料中十六烷值的能力。在上述实施方案中，按上述顺序添加成分是理想的。然而，在其他实施方案中，可改变添加的顺序。
B/C-甲苯-2-EHN溶液是“浓缩的十六烷改进剂”的一个实施方案，也称为“OR-CT”。为提高2号柴油机燃料中十六烷值，每1加仑(3.785升)2号柴油机燃料添加约0.1ml-35ml浓缩的十六烷改进剂。优选地，添加到1加仑(3.785升)2号柴油机燃料中的浓缩的十六烷改进剂的量在约0.3ml-约30ml的范围内，更理想地，约0.5ml-约25ml，更优选地，约0.75ml-约20ml，甚至更优选地，约1ml-约15ml，最优选约2ml-约12ml。下述实例提供了试验结果，按照已认同的ASTM D-613程序对如通过初始十六烷值测定的各种质量的基线燃料进行试验。这份数据证明此处描述的十六烷改进剂协同地提高2号柴油机燃料中十六烷值。
                          实施例1
配方                                                十六烷值
2号柴油基线燃料                                      40.5
仅含有10571ppm 2-EHN6的2号柴油                    44.98
仅含有10571ppm OR-CT3的2号柴油                    43.04
含有混合的528.52ppm 2-EHN6                        45.39(+0.41)
+528.52ppm OR-CT3的2号柴油
                          实施例2
配方                                                十六烷值
2号柴油基线燃料                                      46.8
仅含有10571ppm 2-EHN6的2号柴油燃料                52.75
仅含有10571ppm OR-CT3的2号柴油燃料                50.81
含有混合的528.52ppm 2-EHN6                        54.02(1.27)
+528.52ppm OR-CT3的2号柴油燃料
                          实施例3
配方                                                十六烷值
2号柴油基线燃料                                      48.79
仅含有10571ppm 2-EHN6的2号柴油燃料                53.18
仅含有10571ppm OR-CT3的2号柴油燃料                51.13
含有混合的528.52ppm 2-EHN6                        54.52(+1.34)
+528.52ppm OR-CT3的2号柴油燃料
                       实施例4
配方                                         十六烷值
2号柴油基线燃料                               40.5
仅含有3004ppm 2-EHN6的2号柴油燃料          43.02
仅含有3004ppm OR-CT3的2号柴油燃料          41.48
含有混合的1505ppm 2-EHN6                   43.34(+0.32)
+1503ppm OR-CT3的2号柴油燃料
1＝4毫升/加仑(3.785升)
2＝2毫升/加仑(3.785升)
3＝1×106IUβ-胡萝卜素
4＝1.14毫升每/加仑(3.785升)
5＝0.57毫升/加仑(3.785升)
6＝硝酸2-乙基己酯
尽管参照实施方案和实施例已描述了本发明，应该理解在不脱离本发明精神的条件下，可进行各种修改。因此，仅通过下列权利要求限制本发明。所有在此引用的参考文献的全部特别地结合于此作为参考。

Claims (12)

1.一种提高燃料中十六烷值的方法，其包含将在惰性气氛下溶解的β-胡萝卜素添加到所述燃料中的步骤。
2.一种制备十六烷改进剂的方法，包含：
提供在惰性气氛中溶解的β-胡萝卜素；
提供硝酸烷基酯；和
混合β-胡萝卜素与硝酸烷基酯。
3.权利要求2的方法，其中硝酸烷基酯是硝酸2-乙基己酯。
4.权利要求2的方法，其中惰性气氛是氮气。
5.权利要求2的方法，进一步包含在混合β-胡萝卜素与硝酸烷基酯之前，混合β-胡萝卜素与甲苯的步骤。
6.一种用权利要求2的方法制备的十六烷改进剂。
7.一种包含非氧化的β-胡萝卜素的十六烷改进剂。
8.权利要求7的十六烷改进剂，进一步包含硝酸烷基酯。
9.权利要求7或8的十六烷改进剂，进一步包含甲苯。
10.权利要求8的十六烷改进剂，其中硝酸烷基酯是硝酸2-乙基己酯。
11.权利要求9的十六烷改进剂，其中硝酸烷基酯是硝酸2-乙基己酯。
12.一种包含权利要求7的十六烷改进剂的2号柴油机燃料。
CNB018080227A 2000-04-14 2001-04-12 有机十六烷改进剂 Expired - Fee Related CN1215151C (zh)

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BR0110033A (pt) 2003-05-27
MXPA02009999A (es) 2004-08-19
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CA2406489A1 (en) 2001-10-25
US20020194778A1 (en) 2002-12-26
WO2001079398A1 (en) 2001-10-25
AU2001257607B2 (en) 2006-01-19
JP2003531245A (ja) 2003-10-21
ZA200209245B (en) 2003-09-11

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