CN1213994A - 切削刀具部件 - Google Patents

切削刀具部件 Download PDF

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CN1213994A
CN1213994A CN97193164A CN97193164A CN1213994A CN 1213994 A CN1213994 A CN 1213994A CN 97193164 A CN97193164 A CN 97193164A CN 97193164 A CN97193164 A CN 97193164A CN 1213994 A CN1213994 A CN 1213994A
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adjusting
cutting
screw
bearing
assembly
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A·萨特兰
D·阿格拉诺维斯基
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Iscar Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/24—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts adjustable
    • B23C5/2462—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts adjustable the adjusting means being oblique surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/2204—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B23C5/2208—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert for plate-like cutting inserts 
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/2204—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B23C5/2208—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert for plate-like cutting inserts 
    • B23C5/2213—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert for plate-like cutting inserts  having a special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/24—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts adjustable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/24—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts adjustable
    • B23C5/2472—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts adjustable the adjusting means being screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/04—Overall shape
    • B23C2200/0416—Irregular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/04—Overall shape
    • B23C2200/0422—Octagonal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/08—Rake or top surfaces
    • B23C2200/081—Rake or top surfaces with projections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/12—Side or flank surfaces
    • B23C2200/125—Side or flank surfaces discontinuous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/12—Side or flank surfaces
    • B23C2200/125—Side or flank surfaces discontinuous
    • B23C2200/126—Side or flank surfaces discontinuous stepped
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1908—Face or end mill
    • Y10T407/1912—Tool adjustable relative to holder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1908—Face or end mill
    • Y10T407/1912—Tool adjustable relative to holder
    • Y10T407/1914—Radially
    • Y10T407/1916—And axially
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1928—Tool adjustable relative to holder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1928—Tool adjustable relative to holder
    • Y10T407/193—Radially

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Details Of Cutting Devices (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)

Abstract

切削刀具部件(1)包括刀体(3)。刀体上有可拆卸地安放切削刀片(8)的安装槽(7)。切削刀片有工作切削刃(10)和远离该刃的支承面(13)。刀体形成有容放调整装置(19)的细长孔(15)。该孔邻近支承面与安装槽开口相通。调整装置包括细长套筒状调节零件(22)。调节零件有与其轴线倾斜的轴向调节面(26)。长调节螺杆(27)自始滑动地延伸穿过调节零件。调节件内接合装置固定在调节螺杆上的调节零件。沿给定方向旋转调节螺杆时,调节零件向外推动切削刀片。

Description

切削刀具部件
发明领域
本发明一般涉及具有调整装置的切削刀具部件。其中，该调整装置沿大体横向于工作切削刃的调节方向使工作切削刃向外调节。尤其是，本发明涉及带有调节装置的铣刀。该调节装置用于向外调节各切削刀片以减小轴向跳动。
发明背景
铣刀具有旋转轴和带有圆周面及端面的刀体。在刀体上，沿圆周制成多个安装槽，这些安装槽用以可拆卸地安装相同数量的切削刀片。切削刀片有工作切削刀和远离端面的径向支承面。工作切削刃大体径向地安放在端面上，铣刀的工作切削刃与旋转轴相垂直，以铣去加工表面，其表面的不平度是与工作切削刃的轴向外突最大与最小距离有关，此距离值通常称之为“轴向跳动”。
众所周知，铣刀具有多个调整装置，以便每个切削刀片能单独地被轴向调节。每一个调整装置都包括一个与调节件相配合的螺杆装置，调节件直接或间接地压靠着切削刀片，从而，当螺杆装置旋转时，按设定的方向强制地轴向向外推动刀片实现一定量的轴向外移。显然，切削刀片任何轴向向内的位移，都要首先以相反的方向初始转动螺杆装置到始端处，然后对其施加由外向内的轴向力，例如，施加轻微的冲击。
因此，铣刀轴向跳动的调整，典型地，但不是唯一地，是把最小的轴向外突的切前刀片向外位移使之与最大轴向外突的切削刀片共面，由此，轴向跳动为所期望的零值，。为了使调整装置适用于大量的轴向跳动调整，而这样的调整已成为车间的维修计划中日常性的工作，这样的轴向调整需要定期重新调整，也就是将新一组待调整的切削刀片的全部切削刃轴向向内地调整。
然而，更重要的是，调节件应有合理的形状和尺寸，以便紧贴地安放在刀体中的圆柱孔内。这样，在机械加工时，对紧贴的切削刀片提供合理的轴向支承。同时，当替换磨损的切削刀片时，该刀片的位置保持原状。
已知用于铣刀的调装置的螺杆结构可采用差动螺杆，例如，在EP0 282 090 B1和美国专利3,195,376中所描述的结构，然而，这样的结构有特别的不足之处，为了使调整装置能在整个调整范围内平稳地工作，刀体上容纳螺母的部分，要求极高的精度。
在所示例和表示的具体实例中，前者的调整装置包括一个大体上圆柱形，细长的套筒状的调节零件，该零件具有一个纵向平的调节面，该平面相对于零件之纵轴线倾斜，这样，当按给定方向促使另件径向位移时，则使其贴紧的切削刀片轴向向外位移。反之，后者的调整装置则包括一个圆锥状、细长、套管形的调节另件，该另件具有轴向、扇形、相对轴线偏心的弧形调整面，当按给定方向旋转该另件时，则使其贴紧的切削刀片向外轴向位移。
在避免使用差动螺杆的另一方法中，DE 1 175 963专利描述了一种带调整装置的铣刀。每一调整装置有一半圆柱形细长套筒状调节零件。当贴靠的调节螺杆拧进时，该调节零件沿着与端面倾斜的支承壁径向向内移动。由此，贴靠的切削刀片轴向外移。然而，当各调节螺杆旋出时，该调节零件的径向向外的位移不能得到保证。因此，如需要的话，刀片的更换和铣刀的定期调整将很复杂困难。
发明概述
本发明的目的在于提供一种切削刀具部件，该切削刀具部件具有沿着大体横向于工作切削刃的调节方向使工作切削刃向外调节的调整装置以便把工件的表面加工得光滑平整。
根据本发明，该切削刀具部件包括刀体，刀体具有可拆卸地安放切削刀片的切削刀片安装槽，该切削刀片有工作切削刃和远离该切削刃的支承面。
刀体上形成的细长孔，该孔邻近所述支承面与上述安装槽开口相通，装在上述孔内的调整装置包括：
可在上述孔中轴向滑动的细长套筒状调节零件，该调节零件具有与其轴线倾斜的轴向调节面，该调节面与上述支承面贴紧；
细长调节杆自始滑动地延伸穿过所述调节零件以便相对所述刀体双向螺旋位移，
设置用于把所述双向螺旋位移传递给上述调节零件的内接合装置以便于沿着给定方向的螺旋位移使所述切削刀片沿大体横向于所述工作切削刃的调节方向向外移动。
根据本发明，切削刀具部件适用于单个或多个工作切削刃以便分别进行如车削或铣削加工。根据本发明，调整装置一般有在大约3毫米-5毫米之间的全行程并且可实现每毫米行程大约150微米(μm)的向外调整量。
每一调整装置，最好具有直圆柱形支承面和平的调节面。由此，它们可很容易地按精确的公差加工制成。调节面在任一方向上倾斜时，其所产生的差别仅在所需获得向外调整的调节螺杆的旋转方向上。调节面最好这样倾斜，朝向调节螺杆螺纹端头的调节面始端比其尾端更接近调节螺杆的轴线。
为靠紧调节面，切削刀片的支承面最好通过长沟缝突出，由此，可采用减小宽度的沟缝，这样也有利于在调节零件和其安装孔的支承壁之间实现较大倾角的贴靠支承以便更可靠地定位。这样的支承面最好是平的并由一对间隔开的共面的支承面构成，从而实现更精确的支承。
切削刀具可由紧靠调节面的嵌入式刀片构成，或者，特别是在铣刀的情况下，替换地由刀片支座件构成。嵌入式刀片可拆卸地保持在该刀片支座件中。在现有技术中，已知这样的支座件有不同的形式，如座、压板和夹头等。
附图简要说明
为了更好的理解本发明并显示如何实际实施本发明，参考下列附图。
图1是铣刀的局部透视图；
图2和图3分别是图1所示的铣刀一部分的局部剖开的顶视和侧视图；
图4和图5分别是图1所示铣刀调整装置的分解装配透视图。
最佳实施例详细说明
在图1中，铣刀，通常表示为1，其具有一旋转轴2和带有圆周面4和端面5的刀体3，刀体3有多个圆周布置的安放嵌入式刀片的安装槽7，这些槽用于可拆卸地安装同样数量的嵌入式刀片8。在嵌入安装槽7中的每片嵌入式刀片8均由夹紧螺钉9夹紧，由此，提供工作切削刃10，其大体上经向地安置在端面5上，并垂直于旋转轴2，以铣削加工面11。
远离端面5，每一个嵌入式刀片8有与切削刃10相平行的支承面13。如图2和图3所示，支承面13最好由一对间隔开的倾斜并共面的支承面13A和13B所构成，这样，与一个单个的支承面13相比，提供了更精确的支承结构。
为邻近支承面13，带有几乎完整的圆柱形支承壁15A的大体径向的直圆柱孔15沿较窄的长沟缝14与一刀片安装槽7开口相通。如图2所示，孔15终止于右螺纹孔部分16。该孔轴线17与工件表面11倾斜α角。
如图2及图3所示，紧贴孔15内安装着可在刀体3上旋进、旋出的调整装置19，由此，其径向向内的移动可相应地调节其贴紧的嵌入式刀片8轴向向外伸出程度。沿孔15的调整装置19的位置由顶丝20固定。顶丝20可沿与孔15相垂直的螺孔21旋转移动。(见图1和图3)。
如图4及5所示，一个调整装置19包括，细长的套筒状调整零件22，该零件有轴线23，形成有直圆柱形支承面25和平的调节面26。支承面25紧贴在相配合的孔支承壁15A上，与其滑动紧配合。平的调节面26与支承面13靠紧。调节面26相对于轴线23倾斜β角(见图2和图5)。由此，该面的起始端比尾端更在径向靠近轴线。由于切削刀片的支承面13H和13B平行于该刀片的副切削刃10，倾斜角α必须与倾斜β相等。一般，倾斜角β在8°～12°之间，这样调节面26沿支承面13A和13B滑移时不产生自锁。
在调节另件22上，可转动地装在调节螺杆27上。该螺杆自始滑动地穿过调节另件。而调节螺杆的头部27A紧贴在调节另件尾端凹进的台肩22A上，借助于固定夹子28使调节螺杆27保持在调节另件22上。在螺杆头27有内板手孔29，借助该孔，调整装置19可旋进和旋出刀体2。当反向旋转时，调节螺杆27和调节另件22之件的反向间隙可借助于一对被部分地预压在调节另件的前端面22B与固定夹子28之间的贝氏弹簧31得以消除。
如图3所示，嵌入式切削刀片的支承面13A和13B的形状和尺寸被设计成突出于沟缝14。调节面26所相应要求的角度取向由其相邻的支承面25确定。支承面25有长槽32；该长槽有适当倾斜的纵向侧壁33从安放顶丝20。长槽32有一定长度，以便能使调整装置19径向移动。
欲将铣刀1调制成最小的轴向跳动，通常应包括，通过把各调节螺杆向内拧，使该切削刀片单独地向外调移，以便工作切削刃都与初始最轴向向外突出的切削刀片的切削刃处于共同的平面。
当多次调制后，铣刀1的调制当从刀体旋出各调节螺杆时，借助调节另件的径向向外移动可方便地重新调整铣刀1。需要时，通过从刀体全部旋出一个以上的调整装置，这些装置将可完全地从刀体上拆除。
由于本发明仅仅描了相当有限的具体结构，可以意识到，根据本发明即可制出各种变型。并可将其应用于其它方面。例如，可采用其它类型的嵌入式切削刀片，诸如，在专利申请PCT/IL 96/00112中所描述的非手动、可转位的方型切削刀片，在该申请的铣刀1中，为了使切削刃能设定在垂直于刀体的旋转轴，则需以抛物面角适当调整安放切削刀片。

Claims (14)

1．一种切削刀具部件包括刀体，刀体具有可拆卸地安放切削刀片的切削刀片安装槽，切削刀片有工作切削刃和远离切削刃的支承面，
刀体上形成的细长孔，该孔邻近所述支承面与所述安装槽开口相通，
装在上述孔内的调整装置包括：
可在上述孔中轴向滑动的细长套筒状调节零件，该调节零件具有与其轴线倾斜的轴向调节面，该调节面与上述支承面贴紧；
细长调节螺杆自始滑动地延伸穿过所述调节零件以便相对所述刀体双向螺旋位移，
设置用于把所述双向螺旋位移传递给所述调节零件的内接合装置以便于沿着给定方向的螺旋位移使所述切削刀片沿大体横向于所述工作切削刃的调节方向向外移动。
2．根据权利要求1所述的切削刀具部件，其中，所述的调节零件呈大体完整的直圆柱形，该直圆柱形具有平的调节面。
3．根据权利要求1或2所述的切削刀具部件，其中，所述的调节面倾斜，其始端朝向所述调节螺杆的螺纹端头，该调节面始端比其尾端在径向上更靠近调节螺杆的轴线。
4．根据权利要求1至3的任一权利要求所述的切削刀具部件，其中，所述的调整装置还包括消除间隙装置，以便该调节另件的位移与调节螺杆的双向螺旋位移同步。
5．根据权利要求1至4的任何一权利要求所述的切削刀具部件，还包括角度定位装置，以便所述的调节面与所述的细长沟缝对正。
6．根据权利要求1至5的任一权利要求所述的切削刀具部件，还包括沿所述孔固定所述的调整装置的固定装置。
7．根据权利要求1至6的任一权利要求所述的切削刀具部件，其中，所述的支承面通过所述的细长沟槽缝突出，以便与所述的调节面相贴靠。
8．根据权利要求1至7的任一权利要求所述的切削刀具部件，其中，所述的支承面包括一对间隔开的共平面的支承面。
9．权利要求1至8的任一权利要求所述的铣刀。
10．一种调整装置，包括：细长套筒状调节另件，可滑动地延伸通过所述调节零件的细长调节螺杆和在该调节螺杆上固定该调节零件的调节零件内接合装置。
11．根据权利要求10所述的调整装置，其中，所述的调节另件具有带平调节面的直圆柱形支承面。
12．根据权利要求10或11所述的调整装置，其中，所述的调节面与所述的轴线相倾斜，该调节面的始端比其尾端在径向更靠近轴线。
13．根据权利要求10至12的任一权利要求所述的调整装置，还包括间隙消除装置。
14．根据权利要求10至13的任一权利要求所述的调整装置，其中，调节另件有带斜侧壁的轴向长沟槽。
CN97193164A 1996-03-19 1997-03-18 切削刀具部件 Pending CN1213994A (zh)

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IL11755296A IL117552A (en) 1995-09-18 1996-03-19 Cutting insert
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US5863156A (en) 1999-01-26
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AU1937797A (en) 1997-10-10
KR20000064665A (ko) 2000-11-06
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NO984316L (no) 1998-11-04

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