CN1131753C - 高速加工用的切削刀具 - Google Patents

高速加工用的切削刀具 Download PDF

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CN1131753C
CN1131753C CN008021813A CN00802181A CN1131753C CN 1131753 C CN1131753 C CN 1131753C CN 008021813 A CN008021813 A CN 008021813A CN 00802181 A CN00802181 A CN 00802181A CN 1131753 C CN1131753 C CN 1131753C
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汉斯-彼得·霍尔菲尔德
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Hohlfeld solid Ling Company Limited
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/24Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts adjustable
    • B23C5/2479Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts adjustable the adjusting means being eccentrics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1908Face or end mill
    • Y10T407/192Face or end mill with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2274Apertured tool
    • Y10T407/2276Apertured tool with means projecting through aperture to force tool laterally against reaction surface
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2274Apertured tool
    • Y10T407/2276Apertured tool with means projecting through aperture to force tool laterally against reaction surface
    • Y10T407/2278Tilting clamp element and separate means to tilt same
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2282Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder including tool holding clamp and clamp actuator
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2282Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder including tool holding clamp and clamp actuator
    • Y10T407/2286Resiliently biased clamp jaw
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2282Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder including tool holding clamp and clamp actuator
    • Y10T407/2286Resiliently biased clamp jaw
    • Y10T407/2288Integral with holder

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  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
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  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
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Abstract

金属切削中高速加工用的切削刀具,其中至少一个刀具体(2)通过一夹紧装置(6,7)夹紧式固定于刀夹(1)的刀片座上,该刀片座只由一背压支承面(5)和一支承面限定,其中用于夹紧装置的支承面和刀片座的支承面(4)之间形成一超过自锁的向着背压支承面方向张开的角度,其中在刀具体中设置一槽(9),其中嵌接一在支承销(12)上偏心于和轴线平行于其转动轴线设置的移动销(10),所述支承销(12)安装于刀夹的通过一支承面和/或背压支承面的支承通孔中而可转动并且可以从外面操作,移动销(10)的直径基本上相当于槽宽(b)。

Description

高速加工用的切削刀具
本发明涉及一种切削刀具,其同样适用于金属切削中的高速加工,其中至少一个刀具体通过一夹紧装置夹紧式固定于刀夹的刀片座上,该刀片座只由一背压支承面和一支承面限定,其中用于夹紧装置的支承面和刀片座的支承面之间形成一超过自锁的向着背压支承面方向张开的角度。
这样的夹具在各种各样的实施形式中是已知的,其中基本上力求使尽可能少的刀具以自身固定的构件构成(例如在高速加工时是需要的)。
当要求很小的刀具尺寸和当刀具体不是焊牢的而是夹紧的,以便在必要时可易于更换时,在设计上总是很困难的。在这些情况下,人们可参见例如公开文本DE 33 43 448 A1和DE 34 10 284 A1,对于金属切削中的旋转加工机床还需要刀具体的准确定位,以便其即使在更换时或在磨损后仍可很容易地重新准确地进入同一位置。如果人们要制造一种刀具,其可以在金属切削中的旋转加工机床上用于多数的加工范围,例如环形槽的切削、三面加工的圆盘铣刀和旋转铣刀时的应用、带有整体钻头的端面加工或多刃沉孔钻具和扩孔钻具、铰刀等,则刀具体的主切削刃和副切削刃在刀具的刀片座中必须自由就位并且只能够强迫地贴紧在支承面和背压支承面上。所有其他的面必须保持自由。这自然又增加了刀具沿其纵向方向的准确定位之困难。
因此本发明的目的在于,将开头所述类型的刀具构造成使刀具体在夹紧状态下可以移动以便在刀片座上可准确调整。
为了达到这个目的按照本发明设定为在刀具体中设置一槽,其中嵌接一在支承销上偏心于和轴线平行于其转动轴线设置的移动销,所述支承销安装于刀夹的通过一支承面和/或背压支承面的支承通孔中而可转动并且可以从外面操作,移动销的直径基本上相当于槽宽。
通过本发明的构成,得到刀具体与偏心地设置在一支承销上的移动销之间的同步连接。如果支承销绕其纵轴线扭转,则在其上偏心成形的或固定的移动销沿平行于切削刃的一个方向或另一方向移动刀具体。以这种方式和方法在夹紧刀具体时在由支承销和移动销构成的偏心销的偏心度的范围内可以改变刀具体在刀片座上的位置并且在另一方面该位置通过移动销同样可重复地锁定于校准的位置。
在本发明的进一步构成中其中可能的是,将槽在这种情况下优选从两方面限定,将该槽设置在刀具体的贴紧支承面的底面中而且一般由于槽离切削刃较远并从而刀具体具有较高的承载能力将槽优选设置在刀具体的贴紧背压支承面的背面中。在这种情况下为了提高稳定性可以将槽在上面限定地构成。
支承销的轴线在大致垂直于支承面的平面内适当地基本上平行于刀具的背压支承面延伸。通过支承销的轴线对支承面的垂直状态移动销可以完全插入槽中,其中优选支承销可直接达到支承面的下面,以便在扭转支承销时使移动销可以不产生过度的弯曲应力。
为了使支承销不能在支承通孔中轴向移动而仍可转动,按照本发明的进一步特征可以设置成使支承销具有一环形切槽,一轴向限定销插入该环形切槽中。通过向外旋出轴向限定销可以使支承销与偏心地连接于其上的移动销一起很容易地向上或向下从刀夹中取出来。
为了操作本发明的偏心销,支承销在其远离移动销的一端设有一内六角等以便接上一操作工具,例如内六角扳手。
除了支承销作为光滑的圆柱销(只由轴向限定用的环形切槽中断)的构成以外,同样可以设置成使支承销构成为螺纹销而其在刀夹中的支承通孔构成为内螺纹孔。在这种情况下其同样可以设置一环形切槽,一轴向限定销插入该环形切槽中,当然此时环形切槽的宽度必须大于轴向限定销的直径,以便使螺纹销能够作相当于间隙的轴向移动。其中当偏心销扭转时移动销随构成为螺纹销的支承销不仅偏心地扭转,而且还沿轴向方向移动,这一事实并不影响刀具体的调整,只是要确保移动销的端面不能碰撞到槽的顶界面上。
在一优选的夹紧装置的结构中为了将刀具夹紧式固定于其刀片座作为用夹紧螺钉可夹紧的夹爪在本发明的进一步结构中可以设置成使夹爪在其远离刀片座的一端设有一凹槽,其中嵌接一在刀夹上的防移动定位销,例如一在刀夹上的凸起部。其优点是,在刀具体在刀片座上移动时对夹紧的夹爪来说夹爪不随刀具体的移动而同时偏转,而是保持固定,从而夹爪必定沿刀夹的支承面作相应的滑动。
最后,仍然处于本发明的范围内的是,夹紧螺钉的轴线在刀夹中向内部倾斜,这特别是对圆盘铣刀和旋转铣刀呈现出优点,即在圆盘式刀夹的圆周上可以设置较多数量的刀具体。
本发明的其他优点、特征和细节由一实施例的以下描述和借助于附图给出。附图中:
图1为按照本发明的刀具的前端的示意侧视图;
图2为通过按照图1的刀具平行于图平面取的剖视图;
图3为按照图1和2的刀具的俯视图;
图4为改型的刀具的局部剖视图,其中刀具体中的移动用槽向下和向背压支承面敞开但在上面受限定;
图5为沿图4中线V-V取的剖视图;
图6为沿图3中线VI-VI取的剖视图;
图7为一种改型的刀具的相当于图2的剖视图,其中偏心销的支承销设计为螺纹销;
图8为一种改型的刀具的相应于图1的示意侧视图,其具有在刀夹中轴线向内部倾斜的夹紧螺钉;
图9示出具有按照图8的刀具结构的圆盘铣刀,用来说明安装的较多数量的刀具体;
图10示出按照本发明构成的圆盘铣刀,具有模板和切刃分配;
图11示出按照本发明构成的沉孔钻具;
图12示出按照本发明构造的带有结合在一起的钻头的端面加工刀具;以及
图13示出按照本发明构造的平面凹槽刀具。
在刀夹1上设有一刀片座,用以固定具有切削刃3的切削刀具2,该刀片座只由支承面4和背压支承面5构成,刀具体2的相应侧面贴紧在它们之上。所有其他的侧面是自由的,因此通过夹爪6和将其夹紧的夹紧螺钉7被夹紧于刀片座上的刀具体2在垂直于图1中的图平面的后面或前面没有支承。支承面4与夹爪6的支承面8之间的夹角α向着背压支承面5的方向张开并且大于自锁的角度,因此通过夹爪6的压力将刀具体向后拉到刀片座上。
刀具体2在按照图1至3的实施例的情况下设有从上至下穿通的槽9。其中嵌接偏心销11的偏心的移动销10。该偏心销11的支承销12安装于刀夹1的穿通的圆柱通孔13中而可转动。偏心于和轴线平行于支承销12的转动轴线14设置的移动销10的直径准确地符合于刀具体2上的槽9的宽度b。
因此如果偏心销11扭转,优选借助于一内六角工具嵌接于在支承销的下端的六角凹槽15中来扭转,则偏心地固定在支承销12上的移动销10,其无间隙地位于槽9中,沿主切削刃3的纵向方向移动刀具体2,其中移动量实际上显然最多为十分之几个毫米或更小。当然借助于偏心销11达到这样的切削刀具的移动性仅仅是为了精确地调整刀具体的位置。其中刀具体2的移动借助于偏心销11可以在夹紧的刀具体,亦即紧紧地拧紧夹紧螺钉7时实现。
图4和5示出通过改型的刀具取的剖面,其中刀具体2’具有在上面受限定的槽9’用以容纳偏心销11的移动销10。
图6可以看出轴向限定销16,其嵌入偏心销11的支承部分12的环形切槽17中并且可以防止偏心销11以支承通孔13中向下掉落出去。图7中可看出按照本发明的刀具的一个改型的实施形式,其中偏心销11’构成为螺纹销。
因此支承部分12’在这种情况下为一螺纹部分,其旋进同样构成为内螺纹孔的刀夹的通孔13’中。轴向限定销16在这种情况下嵌入较宽的环形切槽17’中,从而构成为螺纹销的支承部分12’可沿轴向方向作有限的移动并因此通过扭转可在两限定的终端位置之间移动,同时以同样的方式又实现偏心的移动销10的移动,当然差别在于移动销10同样向上和向下移动。由于这个原因对一在刀具体2”中在上面受限定的移动用槽9”的情况下必须确保移动销10的上端面18不碰撞到槽9”的上界面。
在图8示出的本发明的刀具的结构中夹紧螺钉7的轴线19在刀夹1中向内部倾斜。如由图9可看出的,其优点在于,在一较小的角间距内可以在一圆盘铣刀上安装另一刀具体。如果将夹紧螺钉7的轴线19的位置选择成如前述实施例那样,亦即位置19’,则这意味着为了保证可自由地接近夹紧螺钉只能将最接近的下一个刀具体更向右面设置,因此总的来说只能够在圆盘铣刀的圆周上固定不多的刀具体。
图10至13示出不同的刀具,其中对它们的共同点在于,刀具体2以按照本发明的方式夹紧于各自的刀夹的仅由两侧面限定的刀片座上,亦即借助于平行于切削刃的偏心销可锁定式移动。

Claims (11)

1.金属切削中高速加工用的切削刀具,其中至少一个刀具体通过一夹紧装置夹紧式固定于刀夹的刀片座上,该刀片座只由一背压支承面和一支承面限定,其中用于夹紧装置的支承面和刀片座的支承面之间形成一超过自锁的向着背压支承面方向张开的角度,其特征在于,刀具体(2)中设置一槽(9),其中嵌接一在支承销(12,12’)上偏心于和轴线平行于其转动轴线设置的移动销(10),所述支承销(12,12’)安装于刀夹的通过一支承面(4)和/或背压支承面(5)的支承通孔(13,13’)中而可转动并且可以从外面操作,移动销(10)的直径基本上相当于槽宽。
2.按照权利要求1所述的刀具,其特征在于,将槽(9)优选从两方面限定,将槽(9)设置在刀具体的贴紧支承面的底面中。
3.按照权利要求1所述的刀具,其特征在于,将槽(9)优选在上面限定,将槽(9)设置在刀具体(2)的贴紧背压支承面的背面中。
4.按照权利要求3所述的刀具,其特征在于,支承销(12,12’)的轴线在垂直于支承面(4)的平面内基本上平行于背压支承面(5)延伸。
5.按照权利要求1至4之一项所述的刀具,其特征在于,支承销(12,12’)具有一环形切槽(17,17’),一轴向限定销(16)插入该环形切槽中。
6.按照权利要求1至5之一项所述的刀具,其特征在于,支承销(12,12’)在其远离移动销(10)的一端设有一内六角(15)等以便接上一操作工具。
7.按照权利要求1至6之一项所述的刀具,其特征在于,支承销(12’)构成为螺纹销而其在刀夹(1)中的支承通孔(13’)构成为内螺纹孔。
8.按照权利要求7所述的刀具,其特征在于,支承销(12’)设有一环形切槽(17’),其宽度大于轴向限定销(16)的直径。
9.按照权利要求1至8之一项所述的刀具,其特征在于,夹紧装置为一可通过夹紧螺钉(7)夹紧的夹爪(6)。
10.按照权利要求9所述的刀具,其特征在于,夹爪(6)在其远离刀片座的一端设有一凹槽(21),其中嵌接一在刀夹(1)上的移动销(22)(刀夹上的凸起部)。
11.按照权利要求9或10所述的刀具,特别是对于圆盘铣刀和旋转铣刀,其特征在于,夹紧螺钉(7)的轴线(19)在刀夹中向内部倾斜。
CN008021813A 1999-10-15 2000-09-23 高速加工用的切削刀具 Expired - Fee Related CN1131753C (zh)

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JP7000226B2 (ja) * 2018-03-28 2022-01-19 日本特殊陶業株式会社 回転切削工具
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CN109365892A (zh) * 2018-11-27 2019-02-22 潜山县京响数控机床刀具有限公司 一种双刃切铣刀
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