CN1213489C - 基于ⅲ-氮化物半导体超晶格的单极发光器件 - Google Patents

基于ⅲ-氮化物半导体超晶格的单极发光器件 Download PDF

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CN1213489C
CN1213489C CN00118379.6A CN00118379A CN1213489C CN 1213489 C CN1213489 C CN 1213489C CN 00118379 A CN00118379 A CN 00118379A CN 1213489 C CN1213489 C CN 1213489C
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王望南
优利·G·施里特
优利·T·里班
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Abstract

公开了有效利用两个n型III-氮化物半导体超晶体之间的“p-n结”的基于III-氮化物半导体的单极发光器件(ULED)的制造方法。这样的器件在正向偏置时和现有发光器件一样地工作,但是其发射不是因电子和空穴的再合并引起的,而是因电子从浅子带超晶格向深子带超晶格跃迁而引起的。

Description

基于III-氮化物半导体超晶格的单极发光器件
技术领域
本发明涉及发光器件,更具体地,本发明涉及基于III-氮化物半导体的单极发光器件。
背景技术
III-氮化物半导体领域的新进展导致新一代可见光波段的发光二极管和激光器的产生。与其它宽带隙半导体相比,氮化物半导体的主要优势在于在光学器件中的老化比较轻微。但是这些材料存在获得良好p-型导电率的问题,阻碍了可见光波段的高功率激光器和发光二极管的进一步发展。为克服这些难题,我们建议只采用n-型的发光III-氮化物半导体。
发明内容
本发明的要点在于仅用于发光的有效n型III-氮化物半导体超晶格间的“p-n结”。
本发明的各个方面如下所述。
1.一种单极发光器件结构,发出从400到4000nm波段的光,包括:
蓝宝石衬底;
缓冲层;
由n型掺杂的GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的第一n包覆和接触层;
浅子带超晶格,其具有四个或更多个3~30埃厚的由GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的阻挡层、以及四个或更多个3~30埃厚的由Ga0.05Al0.95N构成的阱;
深子带超晶格,其具有四个或更多个3~30埃厚的由GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的阻挡层、以及三个或更多个3~30埃厚的由GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的阱;
由n型掺杂的GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的第二n包覆和接触层;
在所述第二n包覆和接触层上淀积的透明的金属合金触点;以及
与所述第一n包覆和接触层接触的金属触点。
2.如上述1所述的单极发光器件结构,其特征在于,在所述浅子带超晶格和所述深子带超晶格之间还包括用光活性杂质或GaxAl1-xN量子点掺杂的活性层,x的范围是0.05~1.0。
3.一种单极发白光器件结构,包含GaxInyAl1-x-yN/AlN III-氮化物半导体超晶格,x和y的范围是0.05~1.0,包括:
蓝宝石衬底;
缓冲层;
由n型掺杂的GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的第一n包覆和接触层;
至少四个未掺杂的或n型掺杂的超晶格,其具有四个或更多个3~30埃厚的由GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的阻挡层、以及三个或更多个3~30埃厚的由GanInyAl1-x-yN/AlN构成的阱;
至少三个发红、绿和蓝光的活性层,其由用光活性杂质或GaxInyAl1-x-yN量子点掺杂的半导体构成;
由n型掺杂的GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的第二n包覆和接触层;
在所述第二n包覆和接触层上淀积的透明的金属合金触点;以及
与所述第一n包覆和接触层接触的金属触点。
附图说明
图1是示出实施例1的ULED结构的图,其基于两种n-型III-氮化物半导体超晶格;
图2a示出图1的未偏置结构的能量(E)和沿结构的坐标位置的示意能带图;
图2b示出图1的偏置结构的示意能带图;
图3是示出实施例2的ULED结构的图,其基于两种n型III-氮化物半导体超晶格,且具有包含光活性杂质和量子点(quantumdots)的活性层;
图4是示出实施例3的ULED结构的图,其具有四个分级(graded)的发白光的III-氮化物半导体超晶格。
具体实施方式
实施例1
根据本发明的一个实施例的单极发光器件(ULED)的主要结构如图1所示。
ULED工作的物理机制如图2a和2b所示。在ULED中,发射不是象传统发光二极管一样因电子和空穴的再结合而发生,而是由于电子从浅子带超晶格向深子带超晶格跃迁并伴随发射光子造成的电子能量释放。基于III-氮化物半导体超晶格的ULED的量子效率随光频率增加而增加。我们的计算表明这种ULED的效率是由非发射能量释放过程限定的,并可由下式表示:
Figure C0011837900061
其中,ωLQ是纵向声子频率;α=1/137,是细微结构常数; ϵ ‾ - 1 = ϵ ∞ - 1 - ϵ 0 - 1 , ε和ε0分别是光学和静介电常数;hω质子是发射的质子量子的能量。
对于可见光波段,可获得大于10%的ULED效率。
图1示出实施例1的ULED结构。其具有蓝宝石(Al2O3)衬底11,其上形成有200埃厚的氮化铝(AlN)缓冲层10。然后淀积n包覆和接触层5,它由用硅(Si)以1018~1020cm-3的量掺杂的3μm厚的n-AlN形成。在这一层上外延生长Ga0.05Al0.95N/AlN浅子带超晶格3,它由四个未掺杂的20埃厚的Ga0.05Al0.95N量子阱8和四个10埃厚的AlN阻挡层9形成。
外延生长GaN/AlN深子带超晶格1,其由三个未掺杂的5埃厚的GaN量子阱7和四个10埃厚的AlN阻挡层6形成。在该超晶格上淀积一接触层13,其由1μm厚的掺杂量为1018~1020cm-3的n-Ga0.95Al0.05N形成。在该层13上淀积一透明钛/铝(Ti/Al)金属触点12。然后在蚀刻后的n包覆和接触层5的结构的角部淀积另一个触点4。
在正向偏置时,若向触点12施加正电势,向触点4施加负电势,电流从结构中流过,在浅和深子带超晶格3和1的界面上发红光。
图2a和2b分别示出实施例1的偏置的和未偏置的ULED结构的导带边缘与位置的关系,以及ULED工作的原理。
在未偏置的情况下,触点4和12中的费米能级位置14和15是相同的。在浅和深子带超晶格3和1的界面2上有耗尽区和带弯曲。电子16和17不流经界面、触点和包覆层5和13。
在正向偏置时,若向触点4施加正电势,向触点12施加负电势,电流从结构中流过,在浅和深子带超晶格3和1的界面2上发出光线18。
实施例2
图3示出根据实施例2的ULED结构。它的结构与图1所示的实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于在超晶格1和3的界面处有包含光学活性杂质或GaxAl1-xN量子点的活性层19。活性层允许使用与量子点或杂质相关的侧量子化(LQ,lateral quantization),以抑制用于电子的光子能量释放渠道。使用LQ意味着不能沿量子阱平面自由移动。这使得电子能量谱分散,如果所有能级之间的间隙高于光子能量,则能量守恒定律禁止单光子跃迁。
活性层的第二个优势在于可能把超晶格的子带能量位置调谐成活性层中的杂质或量子点的光活性跃迁。这使得可以用直接来自超晶格子带的电流激发活性层中的光跃迁。
实施例3
图4示出根据实施例3的发白光的ULED结构。其具有蓝宝石(Al2O3)衬底11,其上形成有200埃厚的氮化铝(AlN)缓冲层10。然后淀积n包覆和接触层5,它由用硅(Si)以1018~1020cm-3的量掺杂的3μm厚的n-AlN形成。在这一层上外延生长GaxInyAl1-x-yN/AlN分级超晶格22,它由三个未掺杂的5~20埃厚的GaxInyAl1-x-yN/AlN量子阱21和四个10埃厚的AlN阻挡层22形成。其中x和y的范围是0.05~1.0。
然后淀积包含光活性杂质或GaxInyAl1-x-yN量子点的活性层23。
在该活性层23上外延生长GaxInyAl1-x-yN/AlN分级超晶格24,它由三个未掺杂的5~20埃厚的GaxInyAl1-x-yN/AlN量子阱25和四个10埃厚的AlN阻挡层26形成。其中x和y的范围是0.05~1.0。
然后淀积包含光活性杂质或GaxInyAl1-x-yN量子点的活性层27。
在该活性层27上外延生长GaxInyAl1-x-yN/AlN分级超晶格28,它由三个未掺杂的5~20埃厚的GaxInyAl1-x-yN/AlN量子阱29和四个10埃厚的AlN阻挡层30形成。其中x和y的范围是0.05~1.0。
然后淀积包含光学活性杂质或GaxInyAl1-x-yN量子点的活性层31。
在该活性层31上外延生长GaxInyAl1-x-yN/AlN分级超晶格32,它由三个未掺杂的5~20埃厚的GaxInyAl1-x-yN/AlN量子阱33和四个10埃厚的AlN阻挡层34形成。其中x和y的范围是0.05~1.0。
在该超晶格32上淀积一接触层13,其由1μm厚的掺杂量为1018~1020cm-3的n-Ga0.95Al0.95N形成。在该层13上淀积一透明钛/铝(Ti/Al)金属触点12。然后在蚀刻后的n包覆和接触层5的结构的角部淀积另一个触点4。

Claims (3)

1.一种单极发光器件结构,发出从400到4000nm波段的光,包括:
蓝宝石衬底;
缓冲层;
由n型掺杂的GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的第一n包覆和接触层;
浅子带超晶格,其具有四个或更多个3~30埃厚的由GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的阻挡层、以及四个或更多个3~30埃厚的由Ga0.05Al0.95N构成的阱;
深子带超晶格,其具有四个或更多个3~30埃厚的由GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的阻挡层、以及三个或更多个3~30埃厚的由GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的阱;
由n型掺杂的GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的第二n包覆和接触层;
在所述第二n包覆和接触层上淀积的透明的金属合金触点;以及
与所述第一n包覆和接触层接触的金属触点。
2.如权利要求1所述的单极发光器件结构,其特征在于,在所述浅子带超晶格和所述深子带超晶格之间还包括用光活性杂质或GaxAl1-xN量子点掺杂的活性层,x的范围是0.05~1.0。
3.一种单极发白光器件结构,包含GaxInyAl1-x-yN/AlN III-氮化物半导体超晶格,x和y的范围是0.05~1.0,包括:
蓝宝石衬底;
缓冲层;
由n型掺杂的GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的第一n包覆和接触层;
至少四个未掺杂的或n型掺杂的超晶格,其具有四个或更多个3~30埃厚的由GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的阻挡层、以及三个或更多个3~30埃厚的由GaxInyAl1-x-yN/AlN构成的阱;
至少三个发红、绿和蓝光的活性层,其由用光活性杂质或GaxInyAl1-x-yN量子点掺杂的半导体构成;
由n型掺杂的GaN、AlN、InN或它们的合金构成的第二n包覆和接触层;
在所述第二n包覆和接触层上淀积的透明的金属合金触点;以及
与所述第一n包覆和接触层接触的金属触点。
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