CN1211368C - 无定形的托拉塞米变体 - Google Patents

无定形的托拉塞米变体 Download PDF

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CN1211368C
CN1211368C CNB008194319A CN00819431A CN1211368C CN 1211368 C CN1211368 C CN 1211368C CN B008194319 A CNB008194319 A CN B008194319A CN 00819431 A CN00819431 A CN 00819431A CN 1211368 C CN1211368 C CN 1211368C
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torasemide
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D·菲里克
M·杜米克
B·科勒比
A·达尼罗夫斯克
M·图狄亚
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Abstract

本发明涉及无定形的托拉塞米变体,其制备方法,其作为制备托拉塞米的药学上可接受盐的原料的用途,还涉及含有该无定形的托拉塞米变体的药物剂型以及其作为利尿剂的用途。

Description

无定形的托拉塞米变体
技术领域
国际专利分类:C07D213/70;A61K31/44
本发明涉及N-(1-甲基乙基氨基羰基)-4-(3-甲基-苯基氨基)-3-吡啶氨磺酰的无定形体(在本申请的下文中以其未注册名称“托拉塞米”指明),涉及其制备方法,涉及其作为托拉塞米的药学上可接受盐的原料的用途,涉及含有所述无定形的托拉塞米变体(amorphous torasemidemodification)作为活性成分的药物剂型以及涉及其作为利尿剂的用途。
背景技术
托拉塞米是一种新型有潜力的利尿剂,分类上称为“袢利尿剂”,其描述于DE专利2516025(实施例71)中。从结构上说,它完全不同于同类利尿剂例如利尿磺胺,布美他尼和阿佐塞米。除了利尿性能之外,其也具有抗高血压性能。
作为肾小管袢利尿剂,在血栓形成,心绞痛,哮喘,高血压,肾盂积水,肺水肿,原发和继发醛甾酮增多症,巴特综合征,肿瘤,青光眼,眼内压降低,急性或慢性支气管炎的治疗中,在外伤,局部缺血,脑震荡,转移灶或癫痫发作引起的脑水肿的治疗中和在变应原引起的鼻感染的治疗中,其作为预防与局部缺血相关的新陈代谢或离子异常引起的心脏或心脏组织损伤的药物是有用的。
物质以一种以上晶形存在的能力定义为同质多晶现象,而这些不同的晶形被称为“多晶型变体”或“多晶型物”。一般来说,物质分子改变其构象或者形成不同的分子内或分子间相互作用特别是氢键的能力引起同质多晶现象,其反映不同多晶型物的晶格中不同的原子重排。在几种有机化合物中发现同质多晶现象。在药物中,在大约70%的巴比妥酸盐、60%的磺酰胺和60%的甾族化合物中发现同质多晶现象,并且所述种类的药物的大约50%没有以其最稳定形式在市场上出现(T.Laird,精细化学工业中的化学品开发和规模化,原理和实践,Course Manual,ScientificUpdate,Wyvern Cottage,1996)。
一种物质的不同多晶型物具有不同的晶格能,因此,它们表现出不同的固态物理性质例如形态,密度,熔点,颜色,稳定性,溶解速度,易研磨性,造粒性能,致密性等,这些在药物中可以影响药物形式制备的可能性,它们的稳定性和生物可利用度,以及,相关地,它们的作用。
药物的同质多晶现象是跨学科专家队伍研究的主题[J.Haleblian,W.McCrone,J.Pharm.Sci.58(1969)911;L.Borka,Pharm.Acta Helv.66(1991)16;M.Kuhnert-Brandstatter,Pharmazie 51(1996)443;H.G.Brittain,J.Pharm.Sci.86(1997)405;W.H.Streng,DDT2(1997)415;K.Yoshii,Chem.Pharm.Bull.45(1997)338,等]。对同质多晶现象的充分了解代表医药发展整个过程的重要发现的先决条件。因此,在决定固态药物形式的制备以及考虑剂量大小,稳定性,溶解性和预期作用时,必须确定存在的所有固态形式(市场上可以发现一些计算机程序,例如》Polymorph《as a module of》Cerius 2《程序,MSI Inc.,USA)并且确定它们各自的物理-化学性质。只有在这些确定因素的基础上,可以针对开发期望性质的药物制剂选择合适的多晶型物。
大量的这样的努力中只有几种可以提作例子。因此,Chikaraishi等(WO9626197)除了多晶型物之外还要求保护了吡咯他尼的无定形形式以及其制备方法。J.-B.Cha等(WO9857967)要求保护了伊曲康唑的无定形形式、其制备方法和含有这种无定形形式的药物伊曲康唑的药物制剂;E.Occeli等(WO9000553)要求保护了药物利福喷汀盐酸盐和氢溴酸盐的多晶型物I和II和无定形物。此外,关于新的抗糖尿病曲格列酮,G.OmReddy等(US5700820)要求保护了六种多晶型物:五种结晶多晶型物和一种无定形物。已知托拉塞米可以以单晶胞参数不同的三种结晶体存在,通过对它们的单晶的X-射线衍射来证明。多晶型物I熔点169℃[ActaCryst.B34(1978),1304-1310],而多晶型物III熔点165℃[HR专利申请P980532A(US专利申请09/187046)],在间隔基P21/c中单斜晶结晶(棱晶),而多晶型物II熔点162℃,在间隔基P2/n中单斜晶结晶(薄片)[Acta Cryst.B34(1978),2659-2662]。
除以上所述之外,美国专利5914336保护了新的托拉塞米多晶型物的用途,但是,只是陈述了其物理-化学性质中的一些,例如熔点,热生成,溶解性,IR-谱中的第一谱带,而没有粉末或单晶的X-射线花样。
发明内容
在我们在托拉塞米领域的进一步研究中,我们出人意料地发现一种迄今为止还未知的无定形的托拉塞米变体。
所述无定形的托拉塞米变体具有无定形大容积粉末形式,其和通过对其研磨而获得的粉末一样在记录的X-射线粉末花样中没有显示任何衍射畸峰,这证明其无定形性质。
在溶液中,该无定形变体与其它已知的托拉塞米体相同,这可从NMR和UV谱中得以证实。另一方面,固体分析技术例如示差扫描量热法(DSC),X-射线粉末花样(XRD)和IR光谱揭示了与已知托拉塞米变体相比的差异。
该无定形的托拉塞米的DSC(图1)表明分解导致在大约147℃显示一个最大放热峰(从大约144℃开始)(在IR光谱和薄层色谱基础上也得以证明)。
该托拉塞米无定形变体的X-射线粉末花样不同于已知的托拉塞米变体的X-射线粉末花样,并且没有显示任何衍射畸峰,这证明其无定形性质(图2)。
该无定形变体样品在KBr中记录的IR光谱(图3)不同于已知的托拉塞米变体的IR光谱。该无定形的托拉塞米变体在2900至3366cm-1和1400至1703cm-1显示特征吸收带。
根据本发明的无定形的托拉塞米变体可以通过将变体I,II或III或无定形的托拉塞米变体或者其任何混合物溶解于水中,加入或者不加入碱,并且接着从这样的溶液中去除水和碱而获得。
无定形的托拉塞米变体的制备方法包括:
(i)根据已知方法制备托拉塞米多晶型物I,
(ii)在5分钟至24小时之内,在5℃至100℃的温度下,将多晶型物I溶解于水中,加入或者不加入碱,
(iii)将得到的溶液过滤,
(iv)在-20℃至-70℃的温度下冷却得到的溶液,
(v)为了制备无定形的托拉塞米变体,从冷冻溶液中去除水和碱,所述无定形的托拉塞米变体特征在于下面的数据:
DSC:在大约147℃有最大放热峰(从大约144℃开始)(图1);
X-射线粉末花样(24):由于无定形性质而没有衍射畸峰(图2);
IR-特征吸收带(cm-1):在2900至3366cm-1和1400至1703cm-1(图3)。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,无定形的托拉塞米变体的制备方法还包括:
(i)根据已知方法制备托拉塞米多晶型物II,
(ii)在5分钟至24小时之内,在5℃至100℃的温度下,将多晶型物II溶解于水中,加入或者不加入碱,
(iii)将得到的溶液过滤,
(iv)在-20℃至-70℃的温度下冷却得到的溶液,
(v)为了制备无定形的托拉塞米变体,从冷冻溶液中去除水和碱,所述无定形的托拉塞米变体特征在于上面方法中出示的数据。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,无定形的托拉塞米变体的制备方法还包括:
(i)根据已知方法制备托拉塞米多晶型物III,
(ii)在5分钟至24小时之内,在5℃至100℃的温度下,将多晶型物III溶解于水中,加入或者不加入碱,
(iii)将得到的溶液过滤,
(iv)在-20℃至-70℃的温度下冷却得到的溶液,
(v)为了制备无定形的托拉塞米变体,从冷冻溶液中去除水和碱,所述无定形的托拉塞米特征在于上面方法中出示的数据。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,无定形的托拉塞米变体的制备方法还包括:
(i)根据本发明方法制备无定形的托拉塞米变体,
(ii)在5分钟至24小时之内,在5℃至100℃的温度下,将无定形的托拉塞米变体溶解于水中,加入或者不加入碱,
(iii)将得到的溶液过滤,
(iv)在-20℃至-70℃的温度下冷却得到的溶液,
(v)为了制备无定形的托拉塞米变体,从冷冻溶液中去除水和碱,所述无定形的托拉塞米变体特征在于上面方法中出示的数据。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,无定形的托拉塞米变体的制备方法还包括:
(i)根据已知方法制备托拉塞米多晶型物I,II和III并根据本发明方法制备无定形的托拉塞米变体,
(ii)在5分钟至24小时之内,在5℃至100℃的温度下,将托拉塞米多晶型物I,II和III或无定形的托拉塞米变体的任何混合物溶解于水中,加入或者不加入碱,
(iii)将得到的溶液过滤,
(iv)在-20℃至-70℃的温度下冷却得到的溶液,
(v)为了制备无定形的托拉塞米变体,从冷冻溶液中去除水和碱,所述无定形的托拉塞米变体特征在于上面方法中出示的数据。
根据本发明的方法,氨水溶液被用作制备上述托拉塞米水溶液的碱。
根据本发明的方法,冻干被用作去除水和碱的方法。
已发现通过利用本发明的方法,不发生托拉塞米的分解,即获得化学纯无定形的托拉塞米变体(TLC和HPLC)。
还发现该无定形的托拉塞米变体在一般贮存条件下在碾碎和压制时是稳定的,即它不转化为托拉塞米的I,II或III型结晶变体。
根据本发明制备的无定形的托拉塞米变体通过常规方法可以转化为托拉塞米的I,II和III型结晶变体,即其可以用作制备托拉塞米的已知的I,II和III型结晶变体的起始物。
根据本发明制备的无定形的托拉塞米变体通过常规方法可以转化为托拉塞米的药学可接受盐。
与相同介质中已知的托拉塞米结晶变体的释放曲线相比较,无定形的托拉塞米变体在水中的释放研究(USP24)表明其释放更缓慢。无定形的托拉塞米变体本身适合制备具有短期或延期作用的药物制剂。
根据本发明制备的无定形的托拉塞米变体是用作利尿剂和用作预防与局部缺血相关的新陈代谢或离子异常引起的心脏或心脏组织损伤,治疗血栓形成,心绞痛,哮喘,高血压,肾盂积水,肺水肿,原发和继发醛甾酮增多症,巴特综合征,肿瘤,青光眼,用于降低眼内压,急性或慢性支气管炎,治疗外伤,局部缺血,脑震荡,转移灶或癫痫发作引起的脑水肿和治疗变应原引起的鼻感染的药物的合适的托拉塞米形式。
本发明还涉及含有有效量的无定形的托拉塞米变体作为活性成分的没有任何添加剂或者与一种或多种药学可接受添加剂混合的药物剂型,例如片剂,胶囊和注射剂,其中所述药学可接受添加剂是例如糖,淀粉,淀粉衍生物,纤维素,纤维素衍生物,下模剂,抗粘连剂以及用于流动性调节的可能的试剂。
附图说明
图1代表该无定形的托拉塞米变体的示差扫描量热法(DSC)的特征差示热分析图。
图2代表该无定形的托拉塞米变体的特征X-射线粉末花样。
图3代表该无定形的托拉塞米变体在KBr中记录的特征IR光谱。
具体实施方式
通过下面的实施例详细说明本发明,但是不是限制本发明。
实施例1
将根据Acta Cryst.B34(1978),1304-1310制备的托拉塞米结晶性变体I(3.00克)悬浮于60毫升25℃的软化水中,加入30滴氨水溶液并且在相同的温度下将得到的溶液搅拌24小时,然后过滤。接着,溶液在大约-70℃的温度下冷冻,通过冻干去除水和氨。
从冻干容器分离之后,获得2.87克无定形的托拉塞米变体;熔点(用于熔点测定的仪器:Buchi535):在大约80℃开始软化,在大约148℃下分解。
图1所示样品的特征IR光谱是在KBr中用IR-分光光度计Nicolet-Magna760中记录的。
图2所示的特征X-射线粉末花样是在PHILIPS PW3710仪器中在Cu X-射线下记录的[O(CuKΔ1)=1.54046L和O(CuKΔ2)=1.54439L]。
图3所示的样品的特征DSC曲线是在Perkin-Elmer DSC7仪器中在5℃/分钟的加热速度之下记录的。
实施例2
3小时之内,将根据Acta Cryst.B34(1978),1304-1310制备的托拉塞米结晶型变体I(0.08克)在搅拌下溶解于50毫升温度大约80℃的软化水中,将溶液冷却至室温并且过滤。接着,溶液在大约-50℃的温度下冷冻,并且通过冻干去除水。
从冻干容器分离之后,获得0.05克无定形的托拉塞米变体;熔点(用于熔点测定的仪器:Buchi535):在大约80℃开始软化,在大约148℃下分解。
这样获得的样品的IR光谱与实施例1中获得的新的无定形变体的IR光谱相符合。
实施例3
将根据Acta Cryst.B34(1978)1304-1310制备的托拉塞米结晶性变体II(1.00克)悬浮于50毫升10℃的软化水中,加入10滴氨水溶液并且在相同的温度下将得到的溶液搅拌12小时,然后过滤。接着,溶液在大约-60℃的温度下冷冻,通过冻干去除水和氨。
从冻干容器分离之后,获得0.98克无定形的托拉塞米变体;熔点(用于熔点测定的仪器:Buchi535):在大约80℃开始软化,在大约148℃下分解。
这样获得的样品的IR光谱与实施例1中获得的新的无定形变体的IR光谱相符合。
实施例4
将根据HR专利申请P980532A(美国专利申请09/187046)制备的托拉塞米结晶性变体III(1.00克)悬浮于50毫升20℃的软化水中,加入10滴氨水溶液并且在相同的温度下将得到的溶液搅拌5小时,然后过滤。接着,溶液在大约-60℃的温度下冷冻,通过冻干去除水和氨。
从冻干容器分离之后,获得0.98克无定形的托拉塞米变体;熔点(用于熔点测定的仪器:Buchi535):在大约80℃开始软化,在大约148℃下分解。
这样获得的样品的IR光谱与实施例1中获得的新的无定形变体的IR光谱相符合。
实施例5
在10小时内将根据Acta Cryst.B34(1978)1304-1310制备的托拉塞米结晶性变体I和II的混合物(0.08克)在搅拌下溶解于60毫升大约90℃温度的软化水中,将溶液冷却至室温并且过滤。接着,溶液在大约-40℃的温度下冷冻,然后通过冻干去除水。
从冻干容器分离之后,获得0.06克无定形的托拉塞米变体;熔点(用于熔点测定的仪器:Buchi535):在大约80℃开始软化,在大约148℃下分解。
这样获得的样品的IR光谱与实施例1中获得的新的无定形变体的IR光谱相符合。
实施例6
5小时之内,将根据Acta Cryst.B34(1978)1304-1310和HR专利申请P980532A(美国专利申请09/187046)制备的托拉塞米结晶性变体II和III的混合物(0.08克)在搅拌下溶解于60毫升大约100℃温度的软化水中,将溶液冷却至室温并且过滤。接着,溶液在大约-50℃的温度下冷冻,然后通过冻干去除水。
从冻干容器分离之后,获得0.07克无定形的托拉塞米变体;熔点(用于熔点测定的仪器:Buchi535):在大约80℃开始软化,在大约148℃下分解。
这样获得的样品的IR光谱与实施例1中获得的新的无定形变体的IR光谱相符合。
实施例7
将根据Acta Cryst.B34(1978)1304-1310和HR专利申请P980532A(美国专利申请09/187046)制备的托拉塞米结晶性变体I和III的混合物(1.00克)悬浮于50毫升5℃的软化水中,加入10滴氨水溶液并且在相同的温度下将溶液搅拌18小时,过滤。接着,溶液在大约-60℃的温度下冷冻,然后通过冻干去除水和氨。
从冻干容器分离之后,获得0.98克无定形的托拉塞米变体;熔点(用于熔点测定的仪器:Buchi535):在大约80℃开始软化,在大约148℃下分解。
这样获得的样品的IR光谱与实施例1中获得的新的无定形变体的IR光谱相符合。
实施例8
将根据本发明的实施例1制备的无定形的托拉塞米变体(3.00克)悬浮于60毫升25℃的软化水中,加入30滴氨水溶液并且在相同的温度下将得到的溶液搅拌30分钟,然后过滤。接着,溶液在大约-30℃的温度下冷冻,通过冻干去除水和氨。
从冻干容器分离之后,获得2.94克无定形的托拉塞米变体;熔点(用于熔点测定的仪器:Buchi535):在大约80℃开始软化,在大约148℃下分解。
这样获得的样品的IR光谱与实施例1中获得的新的无定形变体的IR光谱相符合。
实施例9
将根据Acta Cryst.B34(1978)1304-1310和HR专利申请P980532A(美国专利申请09/187046)制备的托拉塞米结晶性变体I,II和III和根据本发明的实施例1制备的无定形的托拉塞米变体的混合物(1.20克)悬浮于60毫升25℃的软化水中,加入10滴氨水溶液并且在相同的温度下将得到的溶液搅拌30分钟,过滤。接着,溶液在大约-30℃的温度下冷冻,然后通过冻干去除水和氨。
从冻干容器分离之后,获得1.18克无定形的托拉塞米变体;熔点(用于熔点测定的仪器:Buchi535):在大约80℃开始软化,在大约148℃下分解。
这样获得的样品的IR光谱与实施例1中获得的新的无定形变体的IR光谱相符合。
实施例10
对根据本发明的实施例1制备的无定形的托拉塞米变体进行活性物质在37℃温度的水中释放的试验(USP24),表1给出了结果。
表1:无定形的托拉塞米变体在水中的释放(USP24)
       (37℃,50rpm,1000毫升)
    时间(分钟)     释放的托拉塞米(%)
    0     0
    15     6.8
    30     10.2
    45     13.0
    60     15.9
    90     20.4
    120     24.9

Claims (10)

1.下面数据表征的无定形的托拉塞米变体:
DSC:在147℃有最大放热峰,所述放热峰从144℃开始;
X-射线粉末花样:由于无定形性质而没有衍射畸峰;
IR-特征吸收带在2900至3366cm-1和1400至1703cm-1
2.根据权利要求1的无定形的托拉塞米变体,其特征在于其是化学纯的。
3.根据权利要求1的无定形的托拉塞米变体的制备方法,其特征在于在5分钟至24小时之内,在5℃至100℃的温度下,将托拉塞米变体溶解于软化水中,加入或者不加入碱,然后将溶液冷却至-20℃至-70℃的温度,并且去除水。
4.根据权利要求3的无定形的托拉塞米变体的制备方法,其特征在于使用托拉塞米结晶性变体I、II、III或无定形的托拉塞米变体,或者托拉塞米结晶性变体I、II、III及无定形的托拉塞米变体的任意混合物作为托拉塞米变体。
5.根据权利要求3的无定形的托拉塞米变体的制备方法,其特征在于使用氨水溶液作为碱。
6.根据权利要求3的无定形的托拉塞米变体的制备方法,其特征在于使用冻干法作为去除水和碱的方法。
7.权利要求1的无定形的托拉塞米变体用于制备利尿剂及预防与局部缺血相关的新陈代谢或离子异常引起的心脏或心脏组织损伤,治疗血栓形成、心绞痛、哮喘、高血压、肾盂积水、肺水肿、原发和继发醛甾酮增多症、巴特综合征、肿瘤、青光眼、降低眼内压,治疗急性或慢性支气管炎、外伤、局部缺血、脑震荡、转移灶或癫痫发作引起的脑水肿和变应原引起的鼻感染的药物的用途。
8.药物剂型,其特征在于其含有有效量的根据权利要求1的无定形的托拉塞米变体作为活性成分,其中没有药学可接受添加剂或者与一种或多种药学可接受添加剂结合。
9.权利要求8的药物剂型,其特征在于所述药学可接受添加剂是糖,淀粉,淀粉衍生物,纤维素,纤维素衍生物,下模剂,抗粘连剂和/或用于流动性调节的试剂。
10.根据权利要求8或9的药物剂型,其特征在于其是片剂,胶囊或注射剂。
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