CN1207819A - 减小内燃机噪音的系统和方法 - Google Patents

减小内燃机噪音的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1207819A
CN1207819A CN96199702A CN96199702A CN1207819A CN 1207819 A CN1207819 A CN 1207819A CN 96199702 A CN96199702 A CN 96199702A CN 96199702 A CN96199702 A CN 96199702A CN 1207819 A CN1207819 A CN 1207819A
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G·R·R·埃弗林厄姆
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Siemens Canada Ltd
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    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
    • F02M35/1244—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification using interference; Masking or reflecting sound
    • F02M35/125—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification using interference; Masking or reflecting sound by using active elements, e.g. speakers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
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    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
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    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17857—Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
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    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17861—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices using additional means for damping sound, e.g. using sound absorbing panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17873—General system configurations using a reference signal without an error signal, e.g. pure feedforward
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/10—Applications
    • G10K2210/112—Ducts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
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    • G10K2210/128—Vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
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    • G10K2210/128—Vehicles
    • G10K2210/1282—Automobiles
    • G10K2210/12822—Exhaust pipes or mufflers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G10K2210/321—Physical
    • G10K2210/3214—Architectures, e.g. special constructional features or arrangements of features
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    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
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    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
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    • G10K2210/32272—Helmholtz resonators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
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Abstract

一个降低内燃机噪音的系统和方法,该内燃机利用管壳(10)接收流入其内的空气流。在管壳(10)内限定一空间,它环绕扬声器罩(22),管壳与扬声器(30)联接,扬声器面对圆环状空间上游的开口空间,一个在圆环状空间通入开口空间的轴向位置上的声音传感器(42)产生与经空气进气导管传播的发动机噪音相应的电信号。该信号被放大和移相,以驱动扬声器,输出抵消噪声或声音,因而至少降低了来自圆环形空间内的发动机噪声。扬声器罩的轴向长度可以调节以改善扬声器在所选定的发动机噪音频带内的性能。

Description

减小内燃机噪音的系统和方法
发明背景
本发明涉及减少汽车用内燃机的噪音减少问题。
减少发动机噪音一直是汽车设计者的一个目标。有一种减小某些声音或噪音的方法涉及到根据测得的发动机特定的噪音用电子仪器产生抵消噪音来降低这种噪音水平。1995年6月20日发布的专利号为5,426,703的美国专利“有源噪音消除系统”和1995年6月20日发布的专利号为5,426,705的美国专利“车内噪音减小系统”都与这样的系统有关。
一些系统利用扬声器把确定的声音引导到封闭的空间中如汽车的乘客舱内。但是，声音如此地分散在空间中使得抵消声音在减小确定的噪音或声音时不太有效，相比如果是抵消噪音或声音较好地集中中和噪音的话就要好一些。
但是，这些系统的性能取决于所产生的抵消噪音。
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一个有源噪音或声音减小系统，该系统能够更有效地减小内燃机的噪音。
发明概述
发明者认为一定的内燃机噪音或声音通过空气进气系统传播，也许也包括，例如，发动机气门和燃烧室的噪音，还有空气进入发动机而产生的噪音。因此，本发明包括一个管壳，它限定一个接收通入进气系统的空气的环形空间。环形空间的中心由扬声器罩圆周限定，扬声器同轴地装在里面，面向来流空气流动方向的上流。
一个声音传感器如麦克风装在扬声器上，因此它临近圆环状空间而且大约处在扬声器的平面内，用来测量进气系统的内燃机噪音或声音。麦克风测量噪音并产生相应的电子信号，该信号的相位与内燃机噪音信号的相位相差180°并且被放大。放大和相移后的信号驱动扬声器的驱动器，产生与从环状空间发出的内燃机噪音或声音相互作用的抵消噪音或声音。从同轴对齐安装的扬声器喇叭中发出的抵消声音被吸收，因此就中和了来自扬声器周围的环状空间的内燃机噪音。
扬声器罩的后部最好是封闭的和隔绝的，以限制抵消噪音通过空气进气系统传播而减弱与产生的抵消噪音相关的异相成分的效用。
在扬声器罩的上流也安装了一个适配器过渡管段，这样就可以和其它的空气进气系统部件联接，比如空气滤清器，等等。
扬声器罩也可通过调节其长度来改变以改善扬声器在抵消发动机噪音主频率或选定频率方面的性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明的噪音减小系统的部件和代表内燃机和空气进气系统的框图。
图2是图1剖面中框架部件的后视图。
详述
在以下的详述中，为了清晰起见用了一些确定的专用术语来描述该系统的一个特定的实施例。但是，特定的实施例并不意味着要被限定也不应该这样理解，因为在权利要求书的保护范围内的其它实施例可采用其它的形式。
如上所述，发明者认为噪音和声音是通过空气进气系统中的空气传播的，该进气系统将空气引导到内燃机中。
如图1所示，空气管壳10为一圆弧壁，光滑地收缩到主空气管壳12，主空气管壳12使其小直径端适配得能和内燃机14的进气管相连。还可包括一个辅助的过渡部分16，它是一种渐扩形状，其大端通过接头19与主空气管壳12的大直径端联结或连接，接头19自大致呈圆环状(圆或椭圆)的框架18的外凸缘21上轴向凸出，与两个构件(12，16)连接或联结。过渡段16对上游空气进气系统部件20，比如空气滤清器等提供了方便的连接。
扬声器罩或组件22通过一系列从框架18的内缘24上凸出的接头21支承在主空气管壳12的大端。扬声器罩22的外周呈园弧状，其形状大致与主空气管壳12大端的内腔轮廓相符，以便在管壳段12的内壁和扬声器罩22的外壁之间限定一围绕的圆环状空气流动空间26。
导管段12和扬声器罩22可以有不同的合适形状，包括圆形和椭圆形。
在图2中所示的框架18有四个径向间隔相等的支撑筋28，支撑内缘24使充足的空气能自过渡部分16流入圆环状空间16。
扬声器罩22是中空的，在面对圆环状空间26末端所在的过渡段16的大直径处是敞开的。扬声器30用合适的紧固件(未示)安装在内缘24上，紧固件安装在内缘24的孔25内。扬声器罩22的小直径端由一实心板38隔开，以减小由扬声器喇叭32后端传到扬声器罩22下游端的声音。自板38的向前和扬声器喇叭32后端装有大量的隔音材料40，以进一步减小这些声音。
麦克风42或其它的声音传感器装在空气进气流道内，它与框架18连接或联结，这样它刚好位于圆环状空间26的上游，接近扬声器喇叭32前面。
麦克风42产生一个与自圆环状空间26发出的发动机噪音相应的电信号。该电信号在宽频带声频放大器44中放大，放大后的电信号输入到扬声器30的驱动器线圈，然后从扬声器喇叭32中输出声音信号。该信号有180°的相位差，比如通过将输入导线转接到扬声器或是通过电子手段(未示)，来产生一种“反噪音”或抵消声音。由于扬声器输出声音与发动机的噪音或声音有180°的相位差，它们被吸收使得至少能部分地抵消和减小发动机的噪音水平。
扬声器30在圆环状空间26中的同轴配置和麦克风42在扬声器喇叭32的近似平面内的配置能更好地减小发动机噪音。由于发动机的噪音被限制在扬声器喇叭32周围的圆环状区域内，故扬声器发出的抵消噪音或声音能较好地被吸收，以部分抵消发动机噪音或声音，从而使它们降低。
扬声器罩的轴向长度可以调节或改变以改善扬声器在所选的发动机噪音或声音频带内的性能。该轴向长度的设定可按照下述公式进行：
      L＝(C/4fs)-1.9r，
这里C是在海平面上声音在空气中的传播速度(每分钟1120英尺/秒(341.38米/秒))，fs是主要的或选定的频率，r是扬声器罩的半径。

Claims (10)

1.一种降低内带有空气进气系统的内燃机所产生的噪音的系统，包括：
一个用于接收流经所述空气进气系统的空气的主导壳；
一个装在所述主管壳内的扬声器罩，以便在环绕扬声器组件周边部位的所述主管壳内提供一流动空间；
一个在所述罩内和所述环绕空间同轴对中的扬声器；
一个包括一声音传感器的声音传感器组件，该传感器被配置来产生与发动机噪声或声音相应的电信号；
上述声音传感器组件还包括一个音频放大器，它被连接来接收和放大所述电信号，所述音频放大器将其输出可操作地连接到所述扬声器，利用所述相位差180°的放大信号来驱动所述扬声器，由所述扬声器产生抵消声音。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于所述扬声器罩的一端是封闭的，而朝向主管壳内空气流动相反方向的另一端是敞开的，所述扬声器安装在所述罩内，面向敞开端。
3.如权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于环绕空间终止于所述扬声器罩的开口端。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统，其特征在于所述声音传感器安装于所述管壳内圆环状空间终止的位置上，该位置与扬声器终端开口端的平面大致对齐。
5.如权利要求3所述的系统，其特征在于还包括装在所述扬声器罩的封闭端内的吸声材料。
6.一种降低由带有空气进气系统的内燃机所产生的噪音的方法，包括以下步骤：
将扬声器安装在所述空气进气系统内；
在装有扬声器的空气进气系统内的一近似点上产生相应于内燃机噪声的电信号；
放大所述信号，并利用所述放大的相位差180°的信号来驱动所述扬声器，从扬声器中产生发动机噪音的抵消声音，以此来降低发动机的噪音水平。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于安装所述扬声器的步骤，所述扬声器同轴安装在所述空气进气系统内限定一圆环状空间的扬声器罩内，所述圆环状空间接收流经所述进气系统的空气流。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于产生与所述内燃机噪音相应的电信号的步骤包括在所述空气进气系统内的所述扬声器近似位置处配置一麦克风。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于所述扬声器罩的轴向长度是可调整的以改善扬声器在所述内燃机噪音的主要频带内的性能。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于所述扬声器罩的轴向长度L大体上可按照下述公式进行调整：
                  L＝(C/4fs)-1.9r，
这里C是声音在空气中的传播速度，fs是选定的频率，r是扬声器罩的半径。
CN96199702A 1995-11-30 1996-11-21 减小内燃机噪音的系统和方法 Pending CN1207819A (zh)

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US08/565,738 US5828759A (en) 1995-11-30 1995-11-30 System and method for reducing engine noise
US08/565,738 1995-11-30

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EP (1) EP0878001B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2000501471A (zh)
KR (1) KR19990071802A (zh)
CN (1) CN1207819A (zh)
BR (1) BR9611800A (zh)
DE (1) DE69615867T2 (zh)
WO (1) WO1997020307A1 (zh)

Cited By (11)

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CN107407170A (zh) * 2014-12-19 2017-11-28 通用电气公司 主动噪音控制系统
CN107796630A (zh) * 2016-09-05 2018-03-13 赛峰航空助推器股份有限公司 具有有源噪声控制的涡轮机测试台
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DE69615867D1 (de) 2001-11-15
US5828759A (en) 1998-10-27
KR19990071802A (ko) 1999-09-27
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WO1997020307A1 (en) 1997-06-05
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