CN1205668A - 用超声波对环形坯料进行固定式焊接的方法及设备 - Google Patents

用超声波对环形坯料进行固定式焊接的方法及设备 Download PDF

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CN1205668A
CN1205668A CN96199215A CN96199215A CN1205668A CN 1205668 A CN1205668 A CN 1205668A CN 96199215 A CN96199215 A CN 96199215A CN 96199215 A CN96199215 A CN 96199215A CN 1205668 A CN1205668 A CN 1205668A
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CN1066675C (zh
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A·安德森
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B29C65/7847—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes using vacuum to hold at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C57/00—Shaping of tube ends, e.g. flanging, belling or closing; Apparatus therefor, e.g. collapsible mandrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1226—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/53461—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B29C66/72341—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer for gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B29C66/72343—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer for liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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Abstract

在生产诸如吹塑瓶之类包装容器的过程中,在一定的情况下圆形坯料被固定地焊接到套管状外壳部分的底端。如果焊接采用超声波进行,则从能量角度来看要比其它方法优越,但在这种情况下已证明圆形坯料中心部分吸收的超声波能足以使其变形或破裂。根据本发明则可得到一种应用超声波来对圆形坯料(13)进行固定焊接而又不会发生以上缺陷的方法,其中超声波引起的振动可通过圆形坯料(13)中部的机械稳定而减小,这是由于圆形坯料中部所带的真空和凸纹花样(18)的作用而实现的。一种采用超声波来把圆形坯料(13)固定焊接的设备具有一个对接接头(12),该接头上的工作面可用来固定圆形坯料,在焊接循环中,工作面构成了圆形坯料中部真空室和支撑机构的一部分。

Description

用超声波对环形坯料进行固 定式焊接的方法及设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种采用超声波来固定焊接环形坯料的方法，其中环形坯料连同将被焊合的物体一起，被夹在环形超声波焊头和对接接头之间。本发明还涉及一种应用超声波将环形坯料固定地焊到物体上的设备，该设备包括一个带有环形焊接表面的超声波焊头和一个对接接头．
背景技术
果汁、运动饮品或类似的未充二氧化碳或软饮料之类的消费性饮料可被装入，例如聚酯塑料(PET)瓶中。这类瓶子通常是由注压坯料或预成型品生产而得，该坯料或预成型品由中心源生产出然后再送到吹瓶机上。在吹瓶机中，预成型品被加热并且沿其纵向机械拉伸，之后向它加上一个压差，这样它将会膨胀至靠着成对模壳的内侧。
也可通过以下方法来制造相似类型的吹塑瓶，通过加热和在密闭或封住的模子中膨胀来使预制的中空预成形品成为所需的容器。然而不是使用注模预成型品中的原始材料，而是采用网状的热塑性材料，即聚酯(PET)，或是高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)来生产预成形品，在这种情况中，一个网状物形成能与圆筒壁固定结合的底部，而另一个网在圆筒壁中形成，从而制成了预成型品或半成品。通过采用网状材料生产预成型品，可在利用简单层压材料，包括，例如阻气材料层的同时，尽可能的减少材料的消耗。
这样，就可通过两个材料网来构成部件，即管形套部分和一个基本圆形的底板，在加热和加压的作用下，能通过形成的液封焊缝相互连接在一起。在这种情况下，传统的技法是利用，如热空气喷嘴，来将两部件的边缘部分加热至塑性材料的软化或熔化温度，然后将部件放在一起并在一起压制，直到这种材料熔化并且稳定为止。在这种情况中，所提供的一定量的热量由于诸如工作环境和消耗能量之类的各种原因，应该被减至最小。对两个部件边缘区域的过份加热还有产生在邻近区域产生永久热变形的危险，同时会延长冷却操作，从而降低生产率。同时还测试了另一种将两部件加热并相互密封的另一种方法，即采用带有基本上为环形工作表面的超声波焊头，借助于位于套筒中的芯形对接接头，在同时供应能量的情况下，将底部和壳体部分的边缘区域压在一起。理论上讲，这种焊接方法快速可行并且耗能少，但实际的分析和实验表明超声波能量被导向并集中在底板的中心部分，结果造成底板在超声波焊接操作中易于变形和破裂。在一个圆形的底板中，通常在焊接操作的连接中会产生直径为几个毫米的贯穿底板的中心孔。通过分析已经证明，这个问题通常发生在底板或圆形坯料的超声焊接中，并且迄今为止还不可能利用现有技术方法完全避免这种缺陷。由于相当大的一部分超声波能量都集中在底板的中心区域，所以对实际焊接处，即圆形底部焊缝的加热会相应地降低，结果是得到了不完全或是弱化的焊缝。这样，就需要在本技术中采取一种方法，这种方法可在圆形坯料的环形区域上进行可行的超声焊接，而不会破坏圆形坯料的中心区域。
本发明的目的一方法
本发明的一个目的是创立一种方法，通过它可将圆形坯料用超声波固定焊接到另一个物体上，如用于包装容器的套管形外壳，而不会对圆形坯料的中部造成任何负面影响，或是造成破坏，例如产生孔。
本发明的另一个目的是创立一种方法，通过它可使对圆形坯料的超声波焊接在基本上采用传统已知设备的情况下，实现快速且简单的焊接周期。
而且本发明的另一个目的是创立一种方法，通过它可使圆形坯料的超声波焊接从能量的角度更节约，从而很适于快速生产包装容器坯料，还不会产生上述的缺陷。
解决方案
可根据本发明来达到上述或其它目的，其中的方法是，它采用超声波来固定焊接圆形坯料，圆形坯料连同将被焊合的物体一起，被夹在环形超声波焊头和对接接头之间，这种方法的特征在于，由于超声波而在圆形坯料中部产生的振动，被作用在圆形坯料上的机械运动所限制。
根据本发明方法的优选实施方案的另一些特征，在附属权利要求2到6中有所说明。
还有必要在现有技术中制造一种能将根据本发明的方法简化，并能投入实际的设备，这种设备可避免上述缺陷，即防止在圆形坯料的中部发生的损坏，其中的圆形坯料在环向焊接时与另一物体相连，例如用于包装容器坯料的管形套。
本发明的目的-设备
本发明的另一个目的是制造一种设备，通过它可在环形结构中采用超声波对圆形坯料进行固定焊接，该设备包括在超声波焊接过程中，防止圆形坯料中部受损的机构。
而且本发明的另一个目的是制造一种能实现本发明方法的设备，该设备能可靠且快速地将包装容器坯料的环状外壳部分和用来做底板的圆形坯料密封在一起。
此外本发明的另一个目的是制造一种能实现本发明方法的设备，这种设备简单、可靠、并且适用于包装容器坯料的高速生产。
解决方案
可根据本发明来达到这些和其它目的，其中的设备采用超声波将圆形坯料固定焊接到另一物体上，该设备包括一个带有环形焊接表面的超声波焊头和一个对接接头，该设备的特征在于它具有用于固定地保持圆形坯料的工作表面，工作表面显示装置用于在焊接循环期间支撑圆形坯料的中心区域。
根据本发明设备的优选实施方案的另一些特征，在附属权利要求8至10中有所说明．
附图简述
根据本发明方法和设备的一个优选实施方案现在将通过参照示意图在下文中进行更详细的说明，附图中仅表示出了那些对于理解本发明必不可少的那些部件和细节。在附图中：
图1A、1B、1C和1D逐步表示了管状外壳部分的生产过程，它的一端带有采用本发明方法而制成的圆形坯料；
图2A表示的是圆形坯料的制造过程，而图2B和图2C则分别用横截面图和俯视图表示出一个完成的圆形坯料；
图3A和3B表示的是应用要本发明的设备将圆形坯料安装和焊到外壳部分上；
图4表示的是用于包装容器的一个已完成的预成品和半成品。
优选实施方案详述：
可采用根据本发明的方法和设备来将热塑性材料的圆形坯料用超声波固定地焊接到所需类型的物体上，但为表示本发明，以下将说明那些在环状或管状包装容器、成品或预成品生产过程中所采用的方法和设备，这些容器、半成品或预成品将通过瓶子吹制技术随后被制成，例如吹塑瓶。在这种情况下，包装容器或成品1是由热塑性材料制成，例如聚酯(PET)或高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)，或由另外的多层材料制成。优选的是，所用材料采用材料网2，14的形式，它们可由一种或多种塑料构成，这些塑料被层压或相互连在一起。这些网状材料处于卷起状态供给生产环状套管3的机器，这些套管是通过卷绕材料网2制得的，卷绕方向与材料网的关系是，套管3的中心轴4相对于材料网2的凸起或定向方向5横向延伸。由于材料的定向，所生产的套管3会由于加热而收缩至一个更小的直径，这个将在后文中进一步得到解释的较小直径应用于形成套管3的端部中。更确切的讲，材料网2被分成均匀一致的间隔(由横穿材料网的折线6表示)，从而分隔成单独的坯料2’，这种用原先方法进行加热和机械处理的单独坯料被卷成大体圆柱形，它的重叠边缘部分由于加热和机械处理而熔合在一起，从而构成了壳的焊接点7，它在制成的预成品中会垂直延伸。这种套管的生产技术在现有技术中已为人熟知，并在，例如瑞典专利申请No．SE75100925中有所说明，此处为作进一步的详细说明而将其引入作为参考。
图1D表示的是根据上述形成并具有外壳焊接点7的外壳或套管3是如何被放置在成形刀具8上的，该刀具呈芯状，并且它的直径略小于套管3的直径(滑动配合)。刀具8还在外部包括一个呈圆形的下端，它可允许套管3从里面伸出。凸出的套管下部被，例如从喷嘴9喷出的热空气加热到能使材料软化或塑化的温度，这样由于挤压方向而造成的材料固有的收缩特性就被激活，从而使凸出的套管部分向内收缩而形成弧形部分或凸缘10，它在垂直运动冲压工具11的作用下，挤压成形刀具8基本为平的下端，从而得到一个与套管3的垂直壁部分成直角的轮廓分明的结构。套管的下端冷却后，套管3就从成形刀具8上被移开，并传送至对接接头12，在那里进行预成型品1底部的安裴和固定。
底板或圆形坯料13是由与材料网2相同类型的网状材料14制成的(最好同时制成套管3)。材料网14依次通过一个常用的冲压工具15，该工具包括一个往复式冲头16和一个圆形模具17。当冲压工具15工作时，就按已知的方法从材料网14上冲出圆形的坯料13．随后这些圆形坯料被进一步送至成形工段。根据所选择的材料，有可能需要将圆形坯料的材料加热至一个合适的热成形温度，例如聚酯可在室温下通过机械处理成型。通过采用带有成型工作表面的两个相互配合的压缩工具(未示出)，可在每个单独的环形坯料13的中部得到一个凸纹花样18，例如图2C中所示的四角星的形状，它的尖端离圆形坯料13的边缘有一定距离。也可选择其它的凸纹花样，一个最重要的特征是花样具有许多辐射部分，这些部分从中心辐射至圆形坯料13的周围。所示的星状结构使得圆形坯料具有四个辐射状的坚硬隆起19，根据本发明，可证明这些隆起在防止振动方向极为有效，该振动在套管3圆形坯料的超声焊接时会在圆形坯料上产生永久损伤。
这样已完成的坯料13就被放置在上述芯状对接接头12的下端。对接接头12包括一个中心真空槽20，它的一端与真空源21相连，另一端接在对接接头12的下端。更确切地讲，对接接头12的下端有一个中心埋头的表面22和一个界定埋头表面区域22的周边23。埋头的表面区域22还带有一个位于中部的环形弹性密封件28，例如采用0形环的形式，在将圆形坯料13加到对接接头12的下端上后，这就构成一个腔室，真空槽在腔室的中部具有一个排气孔24。当开动真空源21，由于真空作用而使圆形坯料13接在对接接头12的下端，真空室中的真空是由密封件28、表面22和本身的圆形坯料13构成的。在坯料13上凸纹花样18的作用下，真空被扩散至圆形坯料的整个中心区，凸纹花样基本上处于密封件28和与表面22相连的接头所界定的区域中，从而当真空过强时，可防止圆形坯料13被吸入靠着孔24的密封闭合区中。作为这种真空强化的机械接合，使得圆形坯料13稳固并且在朝真空槽20的孔24的方向上被夹紧，这可使圆形坯料13的弹性降低，从而防止坯料13中部区域所产生的振动。
在将坯料13放在对接接头12的末端上后，用上文所述方法生产的套管3就穿过对接接头12，从而使套管上向内折叠的凸缘或孤形部分10包住了圆形坯料13的边缘区域，即坯料13上不带凸纹花样的区域。这样底板13会与凸缘10的内表面相接，该内表面处底板的边缘区域与孤形部分或凸缘重叠，通过让带有环形工作面25的焊接头26与底板13和套管3的重叠部分相接触，就能在重叠材料部分的同步压缩过程中将底板13热密封到孤形部分或凸缘10的一侧上。由于采用根据本发明的方法和设备而产生的底板13的上述稳定性，会明显降低传到底板13中部的超声波振动，结果是能量以最小的损耗集中到焊接位置处。作为保证包装容器或预成形品1功能的一个基本先决条件，象外壳焊缝7一样，大体为圆形的底部焊缝27将被压缩，并且完全防水。由于采用上述的步骤在底板13上采用一个中部凸纹花样，通过机械的方法在真空的作用下将圆形坯料固定到对接接头12的下端，结果是在超声波焊接操作中，可避免能对底板13中部的材料造成不良影响的振动，实际上这种解决方案已经被证实可完全消除在底板13中部发生的上述变形或孔洞。
这样采用上述方式所生产的预成形品1(图4)包括一个带有垂直延伸外壳焊缝7的基本上为圆柱状外壳的部分，以及一个包括底板13在内的底部，底板13通过大体圆形底部焊缝27与外壳部分相连。这样即完成了容器的生产，但也可想象在已知的方式中利用已生产的容器作为预成品或半成品来生产吹塑瓶。
作为圆形坯料上述实施方案的另一种方案，不采用(或作为补充)坯料13的凸纹花样，可以设想在一个实施方案中，可在对接接头端面上作出相应的花纹样式。然而在实际实验中用来传递真空并使圆形坯料稳定的星状凹痕、导槽或可透气(烧结的)的表面只得到了有限的效果，并且可以证实只有将一个或多个附属权利要求中所述的方法，实际设置和机构结合起来，才能得到最好的稳定和滞留效果。

Claims (10)

1.一种采用超声波来对圆形坯料进行固定焊接的方法，其中圆形坯料连同将被焊合的物体一起，被夹在环形超声波焊头(26)和对接接头(12)之间，其特征在于由位于圆形坯料(13)中部超声波引起的振动可由作用在圆形坯料上的机械运动来限制。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于圆形坯料(13)在真空的作用下固定到对接接头(12)工作表面上。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于在焊接循环中，在圆形坯料(13)自由表面的中部有真空作用。
4.如权利要求1到3所述的方法，其特征在于在焊接循环之前，圆形坯料(13)的中部就带有凸纹花样(18)。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于通过热成形在圆形坯料(13)作出带有辐射状部分的花样。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的方法，其特征在于在焊接循环之前的一个单独步骤中，在圆形坯料(13)上作出基本为径向辐射状的坚固凸起或折皱(19)之类的花样。
7.一种采用超声波来把圆形坯料(13)固定焊接到一物体(3)上的设备，该设备包括一个带有环状焊接表面(25)的超声波焊头(26)和一个对接接头(12)，其特征在于它具有一个能固定圆形坯料(13)的工作面，该工作面可作为在焊接循环中支撑圆环坯料中心部分的机构。
8.如权利要求7所述的设备，其特征在于该工作面包括一个由圆形坯料(13)的一侧构真空室。
9.如权利要求8所述的设备，其特征在于真空室是由靠在圆形坯料(13)上的环形密封接件(28)构成的，周围是接入工作表面中的真空槽。
10.如权利要求7到9所述的设备，其特征在于工作面构成了对接接头(12)的一部分。
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CN107107476A (zh) * 2014-11-04 2017-08-29 伍德韦尔丁公司 将物体结合在一起
US10668668B2 (en) 2014-11-04 2020-06-02 Woodwelding Ag Bonding objects together
US10894370B2 (en) 2014-11-04 2021-01-19 Woodwelding Ag Bonding objects together
CN105619778A (zh) * 2014-11-24 2016-06-01 麦格纳斯太尔燃油系统公司 用于生产塑料材料容器的方法
US9868251B2 (en) 2014-11-24 2018-01-16 Magna Steyr Fuel Systems Gesmbh Method for producing plastic containers
CN105619778B (zh) * 2014-11-24 2019-04-19 麦格纳斯太尔燃油系统公司 用于生产塑料材料容器的方法
CN112894116A (zh) * 2020-12-28 2021-06-04 上海骄成机电设备有限公司 一种超声波焊头及超声波焊接装置

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EP0868289B1 (en) 2002-11-13
AU711319B2 (en) 1999-10-14
RU2260512C2 (ru) 2005-09-20
ATE227637T1 (de) 2002-11-15
DE69624836T2 (de) 2003-03-27
AU1215897A (en) 1997-07-17
CN1066675C (zh) 2001-06-06
EP0868289A1 (en) 1998-10-07
SE511347C2 (sv) 1999-09-13
DE69624836D1 (de) 2002-12-19
SE9504629D0 (sv) 1995-12-22
JP2000513284A (ja) 2000-10-10
US6063220A (en) 2000-05-16
SE9504629L (sv) 1997-06-23
CA2238057A1 (en) 1997-07-03
CA2238057C (en) 2005-03-08
RU2189903C2 (ru) 2002-09-27
WO1997023339A1 (en) 1997-07-03

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