CN1186401C - 一种纳米金刚石粒子表面处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种纳米金刚石粒子表面处理方法,将纳米金刚石粒子超声分散在硅烷表面改性试剂的常用无水有机溶剂溶液中,搅拌反应24~48小时,离心分离出纳米金刚石粒子,依次用无水有机溶剂,无离子水洗涤,在恒温50℃~60℃真空干燥,得到所需的表面具有不同活性基团的纳米金刚石粒子。本发明通过选用不同的表面改性试剂,使不同链长及不同功能团通过化学键的方式结合在纳米金刚石粒子的表面,改变纳米金刚石粒子的亲水性和亲油性,极大地提高了纳米金刚石粒子在水相及油相中的悬浮性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纳米金刚石粒子表面处理的方法。
背景技术
纳米金刚石粒子是以TNT为主要成分的混合炸药爆炸后,负氧平衡炸药中过剩的未氧化的碳在爆轰反应区的高温高压作用下转化成的纳米粒子。这种纳米金刚石粒子除了具有最大的硬度、极高的导热性、较高的耐磨性和良好的化学稳定性等金刚石的一般特性外,还具有较大的比表面积和较高的表面活性(Staver,A.M.;Gubareva,N.V.;Lyamkin,A.I.;Petrov,E.A.Fiz.Goreniya Vzryva,1984,20,100-104)。近年来,纳米金刚石粒子已经在润滑(Chepovetskii,I.Kh.;Budnik,S.N.Sverkhtverd.Mater.,1993,3,48-50。)、研磨(Chkhalo,N.I.;Fedorchenko,M.V.;Kruglyakov,E.P.;Volokhov,A.I.;Baraboshkin,K.S.;Komarov,V.F.;Kostyukov,S.I.;Petrov,E.A.NIST Spec.Publ.,1995,88,27-30。)、复合镀(Tarozaite,R.;Luneckas,A.Chemija,1992,3,143-157。)、高强度树脂和橡胶(Takeshima,Eiki.Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho。JP 62250172 A2,31 Oct 1987 Showa,8 pp.)等领域得到了广泛应用。纳米金刚石粒子在其应用时,首先需要分散在一定的介质中。通常纳米金刚石粒子如具有较好的悬浮性,其应用效果也较好(Loktev,V.F.;Makal’skii,V.I.;Stoyanova,I.V.;Kalinkin,A.V.;Likholobov,V.A.;Mit’kin,V.N.Carbon,1991,29,817-19)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种纳米金刚石粒子表面处理的方法。该方法通过采用表面改性试剂对纳米金刚石粒子的表面进行修饰,使其表面分别接枝上不同链长和不同功能团的有机分子,从而改变了纳米金刚石粒子的表面结构,极大的提高了纳米金刚石粒子的在不同分散介质中的悬浮性。
本发明方法的具体工艺步骤如下;
将纳米金刚石粒子超声分散在含有硅烷表面改性试剂的常用无水有机溶剂中,搅拌反应24~48小时,离心分离出纳米金刚石粒子,依次用常用无水有机溶剂,无离子水洗涤,在恒温50~60℃下真空干燥24~48小时,得到所需的表面具有活性基团的纳米金刚石粒子;所用的硅烷表面改性试剂是:γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷,γ-乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷或N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
上述方法中使用的无水有机溶剂最好为:甲苯、乙醚或丙酮;硅烷表面改性剂的无水有机溶剂溶液中硅烷表面改性剂的浓度一般为0.5%~99.0%(W/W,常用为10%~50%);纳米金刚石粒子与硅烷表面改性剂的无水有机溶剂溶液的固液比为:1∶50~1∶500W/V。
上述本发明方法制备的纳米金刚石粒子表面的功能团可采用红外光谱法,X射线光电子能谱法或热解重量分析法确定,悬浮性采用浊度分光光度法测定
本发明的制备方法使不同链长及不同功能团的有机分子通过化学键的方式结合在纳米金刚石粒子的表面,改变纳米金刚石粒子的亲水性和亲油性,极大地提高了纳米金刚石粒子在水相及油相中的悬浮性。故本发明具有广阔的应用前景。
以下通过实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明。
附图说明
图1是采用N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷修饰纳米金刚石粒子的红外光谱图;
图2是纳米金刚石粒子表面的热解重量分析图谱。(a.纳米金刚石,b.纳米金刚石修饰后);
图3是采用γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷修饰纳米金刚石粒子的红外光谱图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将0.1g纳米金刚石粒子超声分散在5mL浓度为99.0%wt的N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷的甲苯溶液中,搅拌反应24小时,离心分离出纳米金刚石粒子,依次用甲苯,无离子水洗涤,在恒温50℃真空干燥24小时,得到所需的表面具有N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基硅氧基的纳米金刚石粒子。
上述方法制备的纳米金刚石粒子表面的功能团采用红外光谱法测定,其结果如图1所示。图1结果与纳米金刚石粒子的红外光谱图相比较,可得出在纳米金刚石粒子的表面已接枝上N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基硅氧基。
实施例2
将0.1g纳米金刚石粒子超声分散在50mL浓度为0.5%wt的N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷的丙酮溶液中,搅拌反应24小时,离心分离出纳米金刚石粒子,依次用丙酮,无离子水洗涤,在恒温50℃真空干燥36小时,得到所需的表面具有N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基硅氧基的纳米金刚石粒子。
上述方法制备的纳米金刚石粒子表面的功能团采用X射线光电子能谱法测定,其结果如表1所示。表1说明纳米金刚石修饰后,其表面化学成分发生明显变化,并可计算出N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基硅氧基的接枝率为:26.72%。
表1
名称 测定元素(%)
C O N Si
纳米金刚石 86.84 10.16 3.0 /
纳米金刚石修饰后 76.53 13.91 6.28 3.28
实施例3
将0.1g纳米金刚石粒子超声分散在25mL浓度为45%wt的N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷的甲苯溶液中,搅拌反应48小时,离心分离出纳米金刚石粒子,依次用甲苯,无离子水洗涤,在恒温55℃真空干燥48小时,得到所需的表面具有N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基硅氧基的纳米金刚石粒子。
上述方法制备的纳米金刚石粒子表面的功能团采用热解重量分析法测定,其结果如图2所示。图2结果表明在纳米金刚石粒子的表面已接枝上N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基硅氧基是以共价键的方式结合。
实施例4
将0.1g纳米金刚石粒子超声分散在5mL浓度为99.0%wt的N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷的丙酮溶液中,搅拌反应小时,离心分离出纳米金刚石粒子,依次用丙酮,无离子水洗涤,在恒温60℃真空干燥24小时,得到所需的表面具有N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基硅氧基的纳米金刚石粒子。
将20mg纳米金刚石粒子和表面修饰过的纳米金刚石粒子分别分散在25mL无离子水中,在450nm处,以无离子水为空白,采用分光光度计测定其悬浮液的吸光度。测定结果如表2所示。表2说明表面修饰过的纳米金刚石粒子在无离子水中悬浮性提高。
表2
时间(天) 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 10 15
纳米金刚石 >1 0.85 0.21 0 0 0 0 0
纳米金刚石修饰后 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 0.89 0.28
实施例5
将0.1g纳米金刚石粒子超声分散在25mL浓度为45.0%wt的γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷的乙醚溶液中,搅拌反应48小时,离心分离出纳米金刚石粒子,依次用乙醚,无离子水洗涤,在恒温55℃真空干燥48小时,得到所需的表面具有γ-氨丙基硅氧基的纳米金刚石粒子。
将20mg纳米金刚石粒子和表面修饰过的纳米金刚石粒子分别分散在25mL无离子水中,在450nm处,以无离子水为空白,采用分光光度计测定其悬浮液的吸光度,测定结果如表3所示。表3说明表面修饰过的纳米金刚石粒子在无离子水中悬浮性提高。
表3
时间(天) 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
纳米金刚石 >1 0.85 0.21 0 0 0 0 0
纳米金刚石修饰后 >1 >1 >1 0.89 0.75 0.67 0.28 0.1
实施例6
将0.1g纳米金刚石粒子超声分散在5mL浓度为99.0%wt的γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的甲苯溶液中,搅拌反应24小时,离心分离出纳米金刚石粒子,依次用甲苯,无离子水洗涤,在恒温50℃真空干燥36小时,得到所需的表面具有γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基硅氧基的纳米金刚石粒子。
上述方法制备的纳米金刚石粒子表面的功能团采用红外光谱法测定,其结果如图3所示。图3结果与纳米金刚石粒子的红外光谱图相比较,可得出在纳米金刚石粒子的表面已接枝上γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅氧基。
实施例7
将0.1g纳米金刚石粒子超声分散在25mL浓度为45.0%wt的γ-乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷的乙醚溶液中,搅拌反应24小时,离心分离出纳米金刚石粒子,依次用乙醚,无离子水洗涤,在恒温55℃真空干燥48小时,得到所需的表面具有γ-乙烯基硅氧基的纳米金刚石粒子。
将20mg纳米金刚石粒子和表面修饰过的纳米金刚石粒子分别分散在25mL庚烷中,采用分光光度计,在450nm处,以庚烷为空白,测定其悬浮液的吸光度。测定结果如表4所示。表4说明表面修饰过的纳米金刚石粒子在庚烷(油相)中悬浮性提高。
表4
时间(天) 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
纳米金刚石 >1 0.85 0.61 0.40 0.1 0 0 0
纳米金刚石修饰后 >1 0.94 0.86 0.80 0.57 0.37 0.28 0.1
Claims (5)
1.一种纳米金刚石粒子表面处理方法,其特征是将纳米金刚石粒子超声分散在硅烷表面改性试剂的常用无水有机溶剂溶液中,搅拌反应24~48小时,离心分离出纳米金刚石粒子,依次用常用无水有机溶剂,无离子水洗涤,在恒温50~60℃下真空干燥24~48小时,得到所需的表面具有活性基团的纳米金刚石粒子:所用的硅烷表面改性试剂是:γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷,γ-乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷或N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是所用的无水有机溶剂为:甲苯、乙醚或丙酮。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征是硅烷表面改性试剂的无水有机溶剂溶液中硅烷表面改性试剂的浓度为:0.5~99.0%wt。
4.按照权利要求3所述的方法,其特征是无水有机溶剂中硅烷表面改性试剂的浓度为:10%~50%wt。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征是所用的纳米金刚石粒子与硅烷表面改性试剂的无水有机溶剂溶液的固液比为:1∶50~1∶500W/V。
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US8111645B2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2012-02-07 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Wireless local area network repeater with detection |
US7990904B2 (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2011-08-02 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Wireless network repeater |
US8027642B2 (en) | 2004-04-06 | 2011-09-27 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Transmission canceller for wireless local area network |
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