CN1181966C - 用于轮胎外胎中的未硫化的无穷线加强型组件的制造方法 - Google Patents

用于轮胎外胎中的未硫化的无穷线加强型组件的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1181966C
CN1181966C CNB961998784A CN96199878A CN1181966C CN 1181966 C CN1181966 C CN 1181966C CN B961998784 A CNB961998784 A CN B961998784A CN 96199878 A CN96199878 A CN 96199878A CN 1181966 C CN1181966 C CN 1181966C
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tire
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tyre
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CN1208373A (zh
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F·F·范南
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W·J·赫德
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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
    • B29D30/38—Textile inserts, e.g. cord or canvas layers, for tyres; Treatment of inserts prior to building the tyre
    • B29D30/46—Cutting textile inserts to required shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116—Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162—Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73751—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
    • B29D30/08—Building tyres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0081—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation before shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B29C66/72341—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer for gases
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    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T152/10855—Characterized by the carcass, carcass material, or physical arrangement of the carcass materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Tyre Moulding (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种轮胎外胎，它具有一个作为生产的中间制品的未硫化无帘线加强型组件(10A)。组件(10)至少有层叠于其上的两个部件。所述部件选自下列各部件种类中的一个或几个：衬里(50)、侧壁(70)、胎圈包布(60)、白色胎壁条(80)、压边盖条(90)和橡胶肩形条(40)。组件(10A)具有宽度(W)和一对末端(12，14)，由两末端(12，14)之间的距离确定该组件的长度(L)。理想的是，各部件相互层叠在一起，并使其共同的末端(12，14)沿一个大体上平坦的平面(P)拼接在一起。平面(P)贯穿该制品的轴向宽度，优选的是大体上垂直于该组件的长度方向。平面(P)以相对于径向法平面(NP)成θ角倾斜，θ小于90°，优选约为80°，该径向法平面穿过并垂直于组件(10A)。每一个末端(12，14)都有多个紧密排列的隆脊(81)和凹谷(82)，其深度小于用以形成波浪形的大体上平面末端表面(12，14)所用冷轧金属丝直径(d)的1/2。

Description

用于轮胎外胎中的未硫化的无帘线加强型组件的制造方法
发明背景
本发明涉及一种无内胎充气轮胎的制造方法，并涉及一种作为生产的中间制品的用于充气轮胎的圆筒形无帘线非加强型胎体组件10A的制造方法。组件10A是以其未硫化的状态在轮胎生产台上制成圆筒形状而且是一种充气轮胎的组件。本发明是结合子午线客车轮胎进行说明，但它可应用于轻型卡车、中型卡车、农用车辆、非道路用车辆及其它子午线轮胎或斜纹帘布轮胎结构。
传统上，充气轮胎一直被制成具有胎圈、胎面、带状加强件和胎体的大致为环状的叠层结构。所述轮胎是由橡胶、织物和钢材制成。对于大部分部件所采用的生产方法包括组装许多平面带材或板材构成的轮胎部件。将各个部件放置在一个生产鼓上，并将其切成一定长度使得部件的两末端能相交或重叠，以形成一种接头。
在组装的第一阶段，胎体可包括一层或几层帘布层，以及一对侧壁，一对填充胶条，一个内部衬层(用于无内胎轮胎)，一对胎圈包布，并可能有一对橡胶肩形条。在上述轮胎制造的第一阶段，可加入环状胎圈填充芯，并使所述一个或几个帘布层围绕该胎圈填充芯翻转，以形成“帘布层翻边”。
所述胎体部件(胎圈填充芯除外)可以是“对接连接的”或“互搭连接的”。对接连接的部件末端连接但不重叠，而互搭连接具有重叠的末端。
在所述组装的第一阶段，该生产的中间制品被制成圆筒状。在轮胎制造第一阶段结束时，所述圆筒状胎体膨胀成环形形状，由此形成这种圆筒状的生产中间制品。在轮胎生产的第二阶段，将加固带和胎面加到所述中间制品上，这一过程可以在同一生产鼓或工作台上进行或在不同的成型工作台上进行。
在胎体膨胀期间，对轮胎胎体的拼接的、未硫化的部件施加拉应力。
就客车轮胎而言，优选多层的互搭连接，因为这种连接可保持完好，而对接连接容易分开或断裂。对接连接优选用于商用或中型卡车轮胎。即使互搭连接的粘合良好，靠近连接点的帘线也容易被拉伸，以补偿位于该接点的重叠的两层帘线。这种局部拉伸会产生一种不均匀性，这种不均匀性在X-射线、超声波显示、或机械切割轮胎并用肉眼检查时很容易发现。
轮胎设计者为了避免轮胎不均匀性问题的发生，历来的做法是保证各部件的各层的接点不沿圆周方向对齐。这种接点的不对齐排列被认为可改善胎体的总体耐用性和均匀性，这一结论是通过轮胎的力变化量和平衡测知的。轮胎工程师们还认为，如果特意将这种不连续性围绕胎体周向间隔开地设置，还能进一步提高轮胎的均匀性。
EP 246 497A公开带有多个部件的未加强组件的制造方法。一其同拼接线通过一切割刀片而获得的，该切割刀片横向地切割这些条为多块，其大致相等于轮胎生产鼓的周向情况的长度。
发明概述
披露了作为一种生产中间制品的、用于轮胎外胎中的未硫化的无帘线加强组件10的制造方法，所述外胎组件包括具有宽度WL的衬里50和另一些被层叠在一起部件，所述部件选自下列类型部件中的一个或几个：胎圈包布60、侧壁70、白色胎壁条80、压边盖条90、橡胶肩形条40和任何其它非帘线加强部件；所述层压的各部件具有共同的末端12，14；由该共同末端确定所述组件的长度，其特征在于：沿大致直线路径对末端进行切割，所述大致直线切割形成第一末端或表面积12以及第二末端或表面积14，该表面积以相对法向平面NP小于90°的倾角θ倾斜，该法向平面NP垂直于叠层10A；通过一个为直径d的冷却的或室温的金属丝的往复运动所产生的摩擦热形成该末端，在没有弄皱或预硫化该组件的末端的情况下，所述金属丝的直径d小到足以切割组件10的最小的横截面；和在切割叠层10A的同时，形成小的棱或隆脊81和凹谷或槽82，每个隆脊81或凹谷82具有小于用来切割所述组件的金属丝的直径d的相应高度或深度，所述金属丝的直径小于1.3mm。
在一个优选实施方案中，拼接头或平面P的倾角θ大约为80°。该拼接头的这种取向使得末端12、14具有大的表面积，这样，在组装时可大大提高接头的粘合力。理想的是，为了提高生产效率并提高产品质量，最好将上述各个部件以组装成组件所需要的量如上所述沿一个平直的线性表面拼接。
附图简述
图1表示在一个轮胎生产鼓上成形为圆筒状之前沿图2A中组件线1-1截取的横截面的一半，所述生产鼓未示出。
图2A是未加强的组件内表面的局部平面视图，所述内表面上连接有各个组件。
图2B是所述未加强的组件外表面的局部平面视图，所述外表面上连接有各个部件，图2A和图2B均略微倾斜，以显示末端12和14。
图3是沿图2A中线3-3所截取的组件末端14的放大的横向视图。
图4是沿图2A中线4-4所截取的组件另一相对末端12的放大的横向视图。
图5是胎体的局部视图，显示所述组件在膨胀成环形之前的拼接接头。
图6是所述组件的局部视图，显示该组件于一个环形鼓5上成形为圆筒状之后的拼接状态。
图7A和7B是于一个生产鼓上成形为圆筒状的整个胎体的透视图。
图7C是所述整个胎体膨胀并成形为环形之后的横剖面图。
图7D是一个由所述组件制成的轮胎的横剖面图。
图8是用于成形并组装所述组件的装置的示意图。
定义
“填充胶条”是指设置在所述胎圈径向上方、位于所述帘线层和帘线层卷边之间的弹性填料。
“轴向”和“轴向地”是指平行于轮胎转动轴线的直线或方向。
“胎圈”是指轮胎的一部分，它包括一个缠绕有层状帘线的环形抗拉件，它成形有或没有如胶织物、基片、填充胶条、胎趾护板和胎圈包布等其他加强件，以适应设计轮缘。
“带状结构”是指位于所述胎面下方的至少两个环状的织造或非织造平行帘线层，它们未固定于所述胎圈上，其相对轮胎赤道面的左、右帘线角为17°-27°。
“胎体”是指未硫化的轮胎层状材料叠层和其它轮胎部件，将其切成适于拼接的长度，或已经将其拼接成筒状或环形形状。在该胎体被硫化成模制轮胎之前，还可将其它部件加至该胎体上。
“外胎”是指胎体、带状加强件和除胎面之外的轮胎的其它部件。
“胎圈包布”是指环绕胎圈外侧设置的窄的材料条，以便将帘线层和轮缘隔离、在轮缘上面产生挠曲并密封轮胎。
“周向地”是指垂直于轴向的沿环状胎面表面周边延伸的直线或方向。
“帘线”是指构成轮胎中的帘线层的加强细丝、绳或线股之一。
“赤道面(EP)”是指垂直于轮胎的转动轴线并通过其胎面中点的平面。
“内部衬里或衬里”是指构成无内胎轮胎的内表面的一层或多层弹性材料或其它材料层，其在轮胎里装有充气流体。
“帘线层”是指涂有橡胶的平行帘线的连续层。
“径向”和“径向地”是指径向趋近或远离轮胎转动轴线的方向。
“径向帘布轮胎”是指一种带状或周向受限制的充气轮胎，其中，分布于胎圈与胎圈之间的帘线层以相对轮胎赤道面呈65°-90°帘线角。
“剖面高度”是指在轮胎赤道面上从标称轮缘直径到轮胎外径的径向距离。
“剖面宽度”是指在轮胎以正常压力充气24小时时和之后，在无载荷的条件下，平行于轮胎轴线的并位于其两侧壁外表面之间的最大直线距离，轮胎上因标签、装饰或防护带而增加的厚度除外。
“台肩”是指紧邻于胎面边缘下部的侧壁的上部分。
“肩形橡胶条”是指位于胎体的肩形区内的弹性加强件。
“侧壁”是指位于胎面与胎圈之间的轮胎的弹性部分。
“组件”是指层状的未加强轮胎部件的未硫化组件，可将一个或几个帘线加强层和其它轮胎部件加到该组件上面，以形成外胎。
“胎面”是指一橡胶部件，该橡胶部件与胎体粘合时包括在轮胎被正常充气并承载正常载荷的条件下与道路接触的那部分轮胎。
“胎面宽度”是指胎面表面沿轴向、即位于与轮胎转动轴线平行的平面上的弧线长度。
优选实施方案详述
参见图1、2A、2B和3，示出了一种按照本发明制造的生产中间制品。该生产的中间制品是用于充气轮胎100之外胎的一种组件10。
图1表示生产的中间制品10，该制品是一种轮胎外胎组件10。外胎组件10是一种平坦的层状复合结构，它具有第一和第二纵向未端，并包括很多部件。如图所示，上述所有部件是长度大致相等的未加强材料的片材或带材。所示出的每一个部件彼此相对精确地横向定位。用于生产并切割这种层状结构的方法和装置200披露于共同未决的美国专利申请流水号08/572929中，题为“弹性材料的切割方法和装置(“METHODAND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OF ELASTOMERIG MATERIALS”)”和“制造叠层并由非加强型轮胎部件生产轮胎组件的方法和装置”(“A METHODAND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING A LAMINATE AND FORMING A SUBASSEMBLYFOR A TIRE FORM UNREINFORCED TIRE COMPONENTS”)(律师档案号95335A)，该专利申请书在此收作本文参考。
在用图8所示的装置200生产叠层10A时，可将其制成连续的卷材210。叠层10A在切割之前处于其预组装状态，最好以大型卷材210的形式储存，在将其送至轮胎制造台时，用特殊的切割装置将其切至精确的长度(L)。如该专利申请的以下内容所披露的，然后将切成组件10长度的切割段制成圆筒状。
图1表示所述组件10。
将一个衬里部件50连接在肩形橡胶条40上面。衬里50对于无内胎型轮胎的径向内部空气腔形成一个不透气的阻隔层。该衬里通常由卤丁基橡胶构成。衬里50的轴向宽度(WL)等于或小于叠层10A的总宽度(W)。当轮胎被成形为环形时，该衬里宽度足以轴向横越到胎圈的外侧，以便在组装时在轮胎100和轮子之间形成一个气密性的腔。
在衬里50之横向末端55的轴向内部有一对肩形橡胶条40连接于衬里50的第二表面52。肩形橡胶条在外胎组件10的肩形部分27内起着橡胶加强件的作用。
所示的胎圈包布部件60位于衬里50的每一个横向末端55处。胎圈包布60连接于衬里50的第一表面51上，并由侧壁部件70少许叠置。该胎圈包布60轴向设置，以便在轮胎100和轮子的轮缘凸缘之间形成坚固的橡胶加强件，因此，胎圈包布位于成品轮胎的胎圈区域。
所示的侧壁部件70连接于所述叠层上，并由衬里50的横向末端55横向向外延伸。侧壁70与胎圈包布60少许叠置。
选择性地为了制造空心白色字母轮胎或白色胎壁轮胎，可如图8所示将白色胎壁条80和盖条90加在叠层10A上。
另外，所述组件可以包括任何附加部件，此附加部件未用多个帘线加强且被用作轮胎外胎10的一个部件。
外胎组件10的以上说明除了所述帘线层、填充胶条和带状加强件之外包括制造无内胎轮胎组件10所需的一切弹性部件，并将其视为是实施本发明的最佳方式，因为它是生产这种轮胎外胎组件10的最有效的方法。
另外，还认为在本发明的范围内，所述生产的中间制品包括一个衬里50和至少两个选自上述部件组中的部件，它们均具有如下文所述的独特的共同拼接特征。
图2A和2B分别表示在组件10被制成圆筒状并在其接合端12、14拼接之前的组件10的第一末端12和第二末端14。末端12、14大致沿直线路径进行切割。所述大致的直线切割形成第一末端或表面积12以及第二末端或表面积14。表面积12和14(最好参见图3-6)以相对法向平面(NP)小于90°的倾角θ倾斜，该法向平面(NP)垂直于叠层10A。为了得到用于拼接的足够大的表面面积12、14，确信，保证角θ大于60°是理想的。在该优选实施方案中，所述角θ大约为80°。某些轮胎被制造成以82°的θ角切割胎体组件。这种大的倾斜角可在如图5所示的生产鼓上拼接两个末端12、14时提供较大的粘合表面积。如图7A所示，切割末端14、16上有小的棱或隆脊81和凹谷或槽82，这些部分是在切割叠层10A时形成的。每个隆脊81或凹谷82的相应高度或深度小于用于切割所述组件的金属丝的直径(d)，优选约为其直径(d)的1/2。每个隆脊和凹谷的间距很接近所述金属丝的直径(d)，但可以根据切割横向速度而变化。确信，这种小的波浪形表面可进一步提高拼接的粘合性。
切割末端12、14是通过直径为(d)的金属丝的往复运动形成的，所述金属丝的直径小到足以切割组件10的最小的横截面而又不会弄皱该组件10的末端，理想的是，该金属丝的直径小于0.050英寸。在该优选实施方案中，所述金属丝的直径为0.016英寸。所述金属丝以高的循环速度进行切割，但其速度明显低于超声波型刀具的速度。所述切割是用冷却的或室温的金属丝完成的。所产生的唯一的热量是在切割过程中所产生的摩擦热。这种冷切割与任何热刀具切割、激光或超声波切割都不一样，它不会沿着平面P使材料预硫化。上述做法与隆脊81和凹谷82的结合尤其是在倾斜角为θ的情况下可产生一种迄今都无法获得的接合表面，当θ角被设定为约80°时最可能获得。在这种情况下，其它切割技术易于推压和聚拢所述材料，不能产生上述平坦表面切口。为此，组件10可以是具有上述共同的切割末端的层压在一起的任何两个部件。
图7A中所示的组件10绕在生产鼓5上，并示出了拼接之前该组件的一部分。组件末端12和14具有两个位于平面P上的倾斜的、大体上平坦的表面。如图7B所示，末端12和14沿平面P拼接在一起。
参见图5和6，对被切成一定长度并缠绕在圆筒状生产鼓上的组件进行拼接。尽管所述第一和第二末端具有大致相同的配合表面，但在实践中发现，该拼接点应当有少许的重叠，如图6的放大视图所示。这一与斜面12、14相关的特征使得该组件10膨胀至在所述拼接点准确伸展。由此产生的效果是，重叠的末端12，14被拉回至均匀平齐状态。按照本发明制成的轮胎在硫化之后，必须进行X-射线或超声波检查，或磨蚀至帘线层，以期目测检查所述组件的拼接。这种拼接对于有经验的人员来说实际上是不能察觉到的。
在图7C中示出了被膨胀成环形形状之后的胎体的横剖面图。在膨胀胎体之前，将一个帘线层20、一对填充胶条30、和一对环形胎圈120放置在所述圆筒形组件上，并将翻卷的末端和侧壁卷在胎圈填充芯上，并将其压合在帘线层22上。然后将该胎体膨胀成所示的环形形状。
在图7D中示出了一种成品轮胎的横截面。该成品轮胎100在组装和硫化时具有一个胎体、加强带110、环形胎圈120和一个胎面130。该胎体组件10具有共同的末端接头。确信，在制造成品轮胎时保证组件10、帘线层20、加强带110和胎面130和各个拼接头在围绕圆周的不同位置上周向间隔开是有利的，这是提高总体轮胎平衡和均匀性的常见措施。
上文所披露的本发明不仅能更有效地生产轮胎，而且也能使轮胎具有更高的均匀性。
本发明的充气轮胎100具有环形形状，轮胎100具有胎面130、至少两个带状帘线层110，其具有相对于轮胎100的赤道面相对取向的帘线角。该带状帘线层的取向倾角范围为17°-30°。轮胎100具有一个组件10和至少一个帘线层20或者两个或两个以上帘线为倾斜取向的帘线层和其它部件，衬里50以及至少两个、优选所有这样的组件部件在制造作为生产中间制品的组件10期间沿一个单一表面或平面拼接在一起。
业已证实，在制造轮胎时，在多层轮胎结构中相邻帘线层的帘线角最好应当相对于其赤道面相对地取向。为此，确信当生产该轮胎需要第二个或更多的帘线层时，需要在一个独立的步骤中在轮胎生产台上将附加的帘线层组装到该轮胎胎体上。在很多轮胎中，尤其是在钢质帘线加强型轮胎中，在生产成品轮胎100时仅需要一个帘线层20。在这种情况下，可以用胎圈填充芯120、带110和胎面130加强胎体10，以形成整个轮胎100。

Claims (5)

1.一种作为生产的中间制品的用于无内胎充气轮胎外胎的圆筒状未硫化非帘线加强型组件的制造方法，所述外胎组件包括具有宽度WL的衬里(50)和另一些被层叠在一起部件，所述部件选自下列类型部件中的一个或几个：胎圈包布(60)、侧壁(70)、白色胎壁条(80)、压边盖条(90)、橡胶肩形条(40)和任何其它非帘线加强部件；所述层压的各部件具有共同的末端(12，14)；由该共同末端确定所述组件的长度，其特征在于：
沿大致直线路径对末端进行切割，所述大致直线切割形成第一末端或表面积(12)以及第二末端或表面积(14)，该表面积以相对法向平面(NP)小于90°的倾角θ倾斜，该法向平面(NP)垂直于叠层(10A)；
通过一个为直径d的冷却的或室温的金属丝的往复运动所产生的摩擦热形成该末端，在没有弄皱或预硫化该组件(10)的末端的情况下，所述金属丝的直径d小到足以切割组件(10)的最小的横截面；和
在切割叠层(10A)的同时，形成小的棱或隆脊(81)和凹谷或槽(82)，每个隆脊(81)或凹谷(82)具有小于用来切割所述组件的金属丝的直径d的相应高度或深度，所述金属丝的直径小于1.3mm。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述金属丝的直径为0.4mm。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于θ角为80°。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于θ角大于60°。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述组件还具有一个衬里和两个侧壁。
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EP0868300B1 (en) 2002-05-29
US6336488B1 (en) 2002-01-08
DE69621453D1 (de) 2002-07-04
AR004835A1 (es) 1999-03-10
JP2000502294A (ja) 2000-02-29
KR970033948A (ko) 1997-07-22
PL327131A1 (en) 1998-11-23
AU7160896A (en) 1997-07-14
NZ319396A (en) 2000-01-28
ZA9610117B (en) 1997-06-23
AU716638B2 (en) 2000-03-02
MA24021A1 (fr) 1997-07-01
BR9612122A (pt) 1999-02-17
CN1208373A (zh) 1999-02-17
DE69621453T2 (de) 2002-11-28
MX9804621A (es) 1998-10-31
EP0868300A1 (en) 1998-10-07
ATE218098T1 (de) 2002-06-15
WO1997022464A1 (en) 1997-06-26
RU2155674C2 (ru) 2000-09-10

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