CN1180664C - 导电地板面层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及到一种由聚合物材料的第一种颗粒构成的导电地板面层，第一种颗粒用导电的第二种颗粒包裹并且被压缩在地板面层的上下面之间的中间空隙中，在此地板面层至少具有一个切割面，并且导电的第二种颗粒形成导电路径，将地板面层的上面和下面导电联接，在此第一种颗粒由至少一种制成颗粒的弹性体材料构成并且形成基材，在基材中第二种颗粒沿着第一种颗粒的颗粒边缘形成导电路径。
Description
本发明涉及到一种导电地板面层和其制备方法。
由于在塑料地板面层上的行走或行驶，特别是在小的空气湿度的情况下所产生的静电起电特别地对于灵敏的电子构件是一个严重的问题。电子构件可被静电放电所损害或对它的功能产生不利的影响。另外在用易燃材料工作的区域，这些易燃物有被静电放电时的飞弧点燃的危险。特别是在空调的房间里，在这些房间里具有小的空气湿度，如在计算中心，电子构件和电子仪器，放射装置的生产场所，手术室或其他的房间里，在这些地方人们重视无尘和无悬浮颗粒的大气气氛，所以避免静电起电是重要的。
例如基于聚氯乙烯或橡胶混合物的典型的所使用的地板面层是绝缘体。它们可以通过混入导电的填料或抗静电剂而成导电的。然而为了达到足够的导电性，要用较大量的导电填料，典型的为30-50体积％，以达到足够的导电性。金属材料，导电碳黑或石墨特别地用作为导电填料，然而这些填料在所必需的量下要导致黑色的或灰色的产品。在应用抗静电剂时有下述的缺点，即这些材料会非常强烈地与易变的空气中湿气反应，所以其活性强烈地与环境条件相关。
从EP-A869217获知一种由热塑性的塑料制备高压缩(密实)的导电的地板面层的材料的方法，在该法中，具有含有导电物质的涂履层的热塑性塑料的小颗粒在较高的温度和高压下被压制成具有导电路径的块材，接着以导电路径方向横向地将块材分裂成具有所期望的厚度的板材，这样这些板材在厚度方向具有导电的路径。以这种方式就能得到由热塑性塑制成的浅色的导电地板面层。
本发明提出了如下的任务，即制备出最多含有3重量％的导电物质的导电地板面层。
根据本发明这一任务由一种导电地板面层而解决，即一种由聚合物材料的第一种颗粒构成的导电地板面层，第一种颗粒用导电的第二种颗粒包裹并且被压缩在地板面层的上下面之间的中间空隙中，在此地板面层至少具有一个切割面，并且导电的第二种颗粒形成导电路径，将地板面层的上面和下面导电联接，在这种地板面层中，由至少一种粒化了的弹性体材料构成第一种颗粒并形成基材，在这种基材中第二种颗粒沿着第一种颗粒的颗粒边缘而形成导电路径(Leitpfade)。根据本发明的地板面层允许具有不规则模型的地板面层的制备，这种不规则的模型由在制备时切割下来的导电路径构成。根据本发明的导电弹性体地板面层根据IEC61340测得的电阻为105-107Ω。此外根据本发明的导电弹性体地板面层由于其表面质量而显得杰出，该表面质量是与不导电的弹性体体地板面层相当的。
优选地导电弹性体地板面层是一种通过2-8mm的筛眼大小的筛的粒状小颗粒。通过粒状小颗粒的大小，也即通过每面积单位的导电路径的数量而可调节最终产品的导电性。
导电弹性体地板面层含有作为导电的第二种颗粒的物质如碳黑，石墨、金属粉末或导电掺杂的矿物材料，其粒度＜15μm。
含有导电掺杂的矿物质填料，如用掺杂了锑的氧化锡涂覆了的云母的导电弹性体地板面层是特别优选的。这个实施形式允许根据加颜料情况而形成彩色的导电路径，不同于在应用碳黑或石墨时的黑色导电路径。
含有0.05-0.8重量％的导电第二种颗粒的导电弹性体地板面层是特别优选的。尽管导电物质的含量非常低，但是还是可得到电阻在应用者所期望的范围的导电弹性体地板面层。
因此当用碳黑或石墨时导电弹性体地板面层可具有黑色导电路径，当用涂覆了的云母时可具有彩色的导电路径，也可是深色的弹性体地板面层，在此通过用涂覆了的云母和相应的颜料导电路径出于光学的原因而成为彩色。
根据本发明的导电弹性体地板面层以下述方式制备：
a)将一种或多种未硫化的弹性体混合物制成颗粒，
b)通过2-8mm的筛眼大小的筛的粒状小颗粒用导电物质涂覆，
c)放入模具中，在第一压缩过程中，在比压力为5-200bar和60-120℃下压缩和交联，
d)分裂成带材或板材，
e)在第二个压缩过程中硫化。
根据本发明的方法允许制备导电的弹性体地板面层，其在表面性能上可与不导电的弹性体地板面层相比较。
导电弹性体地板面层可以下述的优越方式进行制备，即将导电物质卷绕到粒状小颗粒上。这种方法允许用导电物质高效地覆盖到粒状小颗粒上，用这种方法可以用少量的导电物质而达到使用者所要求的最终产品的导电性。
优选地导电物质以粘结剂分散体形式涂覆。这样一方面可避免灰尘的污染，另一方面可改善最终产品的强度值。
对此特别优选的为采用含水的胶乳粘结剂。通过不用有机溶剂而用胶乳粘结剂可减少安全措施的费用和相应的环境负荷。
以统计学上均匀分布的优越方式使用不同颜色的、图案装饰的或划成楔形的粒状小颗粒。在此特别优选的是用浅色粒状小颗粒。
优选地在第二压缩过程中硫化在150-190℃下和100-250bar的比压力下进行2-10分钟。在这些条件下进行硫化得到的最终产品，它的表面性能可与传统的不导电的弹性体地板面层相比较。
下面的二个实施例和一个比较实施例更清楚地解释了本发明。
实施例1
将生橡胶混合物装入螺杆短挤压机中。挤压机装有孔板，生橡胶被挤压通过孔板，通过击碎挤出物而使其成粒状，所得到的颗粒产物用导电物质通过卷绕而被涂覆，接着将其放入与最终产品相当大小的，但是有最终产品的二倍或三倍厚的模具中，在此颗粒产物的量调整为稍多于模具体积约5％，在80℃下以及约100bar的压力下以0.5min/mm压缩到最终厚度。接着将该材料从模具中取出，通过一个分裂过程将其分裂成所期望的最终厚度，在第二压缩过程中，在约180℃下和约200bar的压力下在相当厚的模具中在4分钟内压缩到最终厚度为2mm的最终产品，并且硫化最终产品，模具具有光滑的和容易构造的表面。这样得到的导电弹性体地板面层的表面是少孔的和没有裂缝圈。
比较实施例
根据实施例1制成颗粒的并且涂覆了的生橡胶物质在180℃和约200bar的压力下压缩并且进行至最后硫化。在最终厚度尺寸下板材的裂缝导致了产品的表面具有裂缝圈和其他的表面缺陷，如孔。这些表面缺陷使得地板面层在使用时成为增加弄脏的原因。
实施例2
在室温下通过在切割机中碾碎轧制薄板，并且用如15mm的筛眼大小的筛来限制粒度而制得的生橡胶的颗粒产物中加入碳黑-胶乳混合物。在此每1000g颗粒产物用50g碳黑-胶乳-混合物。胶乳-混合物由32.9g的固体含量为47.5重量％的丁腈橡胶(NBR)-胶乳，15.6g的25重量％导电碳黑在水中的分散体和1.5g由交联化学试剂组成的混合物构成，交联化学试剂如为硫、氧化锌、硬脂酸和环已基苯并噻唑基亚磺酰胺。颗粒产物和碳黑-胶乳分散体小心地混合在一起。例如在一个足够大容器中通过卷绕而进行彻底混合。混合以后涂覆了的颗粒产物在室温或35℃下干燥，然后如实施例1加工成根据本发明的导电弹性体地板面层。
Claims (11)
1.一种由聚合物材料的第一种颗粒构成的导电地板面层，第一种颗粒用导电的第二种颗粒包裹并且被压缩在地板面层的上下面之间的中间空隙中，在此地板面层至少具有一个切割面，并且导电的第二种颗粒形成导电路径，将地板面层的上面和下面导电联接，其特征在于，第一种颗粒由至少一种制成颗粒的弹性体材料构成并且形成基材，在基材中第二种颗粒沿着第一种颗粒的颗粒边缘形成导电的路径。
2.根据权利要求1的地板面层，其特征在于，其含有0.05-0.8％重量的导电的第二种颗粒。
3.用来制备根据权利要求1或2的地板面层的方法，其特征在于，
a)至少一种未硫化的弹性体混合物被制成颗粒，
b)通过2-8mm的筛眼大小的筛的粒状小颗粒用导电的第二种颗粒涂覆，
c)放入模具中，在第一压缩过程中，在比压力为5-200bar和60-120℃下压缩和交联，
d)分裂成带材或板材，
e)在第二个压缩过程中硫化。
4.根据权利要求3的方法，其特征在于，导电的第二种颗粒被卷绕到粒化了的弹性体上。
5.根据权利要求3的方法，其特征在于，导电的第二种颗粒以粘结剂分散体的形式加入。
6.根据权利要求5的方法，其特征在于，采用含水的胶乳粘结剂。
7.根据权利要求3-6之一的方法，其特征在于，以统计学均匀分布的方式采用不同颜色的、图案装饰的或划成楔形的粒状小颗粒。
8.根据权利要求3-6之一的方法，其特征在于，在第二压缩过程中，在150-190℃，比压力为100-250bar下进行硫化2-10分钟。
9.根据权利要求3-6之一的方法，其特征在于，采用其粒度＜15μm的导电物质。
10.根据权利要求9的方法，其特征在于所述导电物质是碳黑、石墨、金属粉未或导电掺杂的矿物材料。
11.根据权利要求10的方法，其特征在于，采用被掺杂有锑的氧化锡涂覆了的云母的导电掺杂的矿物填料。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10104488A DE10104488A1 (de) | 2001-01-31 | 2001-01-31 | Elektrisch leitfähiger Bodenbelag |
| DE10104488.7 | 2001-01-31 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1419802A CN1419802A (zh) | 2003-05-21 |
| CN1180664C true CN1180664C (zh) | 2004-12-15 |
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| CNB018072615A Expired - Fee Related CN1180664C (zh) | 2001-01-31 | 2001-12-01 | 导电地板面层及其制备方法 |
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| US (2) | US6695999B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1356716B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP3746765B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100507922B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1180664C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE276640T1 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR0109584A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2404954C (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ20023687A3 (zh) |
| DE (2) | DE10104488A1 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2225418T3 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HU224652B1 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02009430A (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL356203A1 (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT1356716E (zh) |
| SK (1) | SK16172002A3 (zh) |
| TR (1) | TR200202244T1 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW558586B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2002062110A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200207598B (zh) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE10112246C1 (de) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-08-08 | Freudenberg Carl Kg | Bodenbelag |
| US7357978B2 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2008-04-15 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Flexible electric paper display apparatus |
| US8018410B2 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2011-09-13 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Flexible and transparent ground plane for electric paper |
| US7663582B2 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2010-02-16 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Disordered percolation layer for forming conductive islands on electric paper |
| US7814582B2 (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2010-10-19 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | System and method for measuring and monitoring overflow or wetness conditions in a washroom |
| US7477443B2 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2009-01-13 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Disordered three-dimensional percolation technique for forming electric paper |
| KR100701311B1 (ko) * | 2005-03-29 | 2007-04-06 | 주식회사 코안 | 정전기 방지용 고무매트와 그 제조방법 |
| DE102006029963A1 (de) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-03 | Armstrong Dlw Ag | Bodenbelag mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen und/oder antistatischen, transparenten, strahlen- oder thermisch gehärteten Lackierung auf Acrylpolymer-Basis |
| US20080111268A1 (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-15 | Tien-Jen Lo | Method for making patterned products |
| EP2154312A1 (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-02-17 | Tarkett France | Surface covering with static control properties |
| CN105856594B (zh) * | 2016-05-26 | 2018-04-10 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | 一种铺层法制备多层填料/氟醚橡胶组合物的方法 |
| KR102101980B1 (ko) * | 2016-12-15 | 2020-04-20 | (주)엘지하우시스 | 전도성 바닥재 및 이의 제조방법 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4098945A (en) * | 1973-07-30 | 1978-07-04 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Soft conductive materials |
| DE3237633C2 (de) * | 1982-10-11 | 1985-04-11 | Freudenberg, Carl, 6940 Weinheim | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elastischen und elektrisch leitfähigen Bodenbelages |
| US4885659A (en) * | 1987-12-21 | 1989-12-05 | Pandel, Inc. | Static dissipative mat |
| US5307233A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1994-04-26 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Electrically conductive material |
| ATE337429T1 (de) * | 1996-06-14 | 2006-09-15 | Dlw Ag | Emissionsarmer elastomer-bodenbelag |
| CH692140A5 (de) * | 1997-04-01 | 2002-02-28 | Forbo Giubiasco Sa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochverdichtetem leitfähigem Belagsmaterial. |
| DE19730954A1 (de) * | 1997-07-18 | 1999-01-21 | Dlw Ag | Leitfähiger, gemusterter Linoleum-Bodenbelag und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| DE19915093C2 (de) * | 1999-04-01 | 2002-08-14 | Crc Chemical Res Co Ltd | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines säurefesten und elektrisch ableitfähigen Baustoffbelags |
| DE19948406A1 (de) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-04-26 | Dlw Ag | Linoleumfußbodenbelag |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CZ20023687A3 (cs) | 2003-02-12 |
| BR0109584A (pt) | 2003-01-28 |
| JP3746765B2 (ja) | 2006-02-15 |
| KR100507922B1 (ko) | 2005-08-19 |
| CA2404954C (en) | 2007-03-13 |
| JP2004518266A (ja) | 2004-06-17 |
| EP1356716A1 (de) | 2003-10-29 |
| HU224652B1 (hu) | 2005-12-28 |
| US20040142163A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
| CN1419802A (zh) | 2003-05-21 |
| SK16172002A3 (sk) | 2003-05-02 |
| PT1356716E (pt) | 2005-01-31 |
| TR200202244T1 (tr) | 2003-03-21 |
| HUP0300088A2 (en) | 2003-06-28 |
| ZA200207598B (en) | 2004-12-20 |
| US20020102385A1 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
| WO2002062110A1 (de) | 2002-08-08 |
| CA2404954A1 (en) | 2002-09-30 |
| TW558586B (en) | 2003-10-21 |
| ATE276640T1 (de) | 2004-10-15 |
| DE10104488A1 (de) | 2002-08-14 |
| DE50103688D1 (de) | 2004-10-21 |
| MXPA02009430A (es) | 2003-02-12 |
| EP1356716B1 (de) | 2004-09-15 |
| PL356203A1 (en) | 2004-06-14 |
| KR20020082493A (ko) | 2002-10-31 |
| ES2225418T3 (es) | 2005-03-16 |
| US6695999B2 (en) | 2004-02-24 |
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