CN118059812A - 一种高吸附性能核壳结构分子筛复合材料的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种高吸附性能核壳结构分子筛复合材料的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
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- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
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- B01D53/10—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds with dispersed adsorbents
- B01D53/12—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds with dispersed adsorbents according to the "fluidised technique"
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高吸附性能核壳结构分子筛复合材料的制备方法及应用,在分子筛外表面负载纳米片状结构的水滑石制备具有核壳结构分子筛复合材料,水滑石自身所带的吸附位点可增加VOCs的吸附位,同时减少表面的亲水基团,进而提高复合材料的疏水性能。与传统分子筛吸附剂相比,本发明复合材料的疏水性、吸附容量以及穿透时间均有所增加,尤其是在潮湿环境下表现出优异的VOCs吸附性能,对湿度范围变化宽的工业废气吸附净化具有重要意义,解决了单一分子筛在高湿度环境下的吸附性能差等问题。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种高吸附性能核壳结构分子筛复合材料的制备方法及应用。
(二)背景技术
近年来,随着全球工业化和城镇化进程的加速,挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)污染事件频发,对气候、农作物和公共健康产生严重影响,与细颗粒物(PM2.5)和臭氧等共同成为引发大气污染和环境问题的主要源头之一。
挥发性有机物(VOCs)是一类在常温下易挥发的有机化合物,其在大气中能够以气态形式存在,对人体健康构成危害,会引发呼吸道问题、神经系统异常,甚至致癌。考虑到VOCs的广泛来源以及其对人体的毒性和致癌性,VOCs的治理显得尤为迫切。
目前对于VOCs的治理方法主要有吸附法、膜分离法、冷凝法、光催化法、生物降解法等。其中最广泛应用的方法是吸附法,该方法通过将VOCs吸附到吸附剂表面,从而将其从气相中去除,具有适用范围广、去除效率高等优点。吸附法的关键在于选择合适的吸附剂。常用的吸附剂包括活性炭、分子筛、硅胶等,其具有较大的比表面积和丰富的微孔结构,有利于VOCs的吸附。但分子筛的吸附性能受湿度影响较大。高湿度环境下,湿度可能竞争VOCs与分子筛表面的吸附位点,从而影响性能。因此需要提升分子筛在高湿度环境下的吸附性能。
LDH是属于层状双氢氧化物(Layered Double Hydroxides)的缩写,它是一类具有特殊结构的无机化合物,LDH材料在吸附、催化、离子交换等领域具有广泛的应用。近年来,研究者还通过将LDH与其他材料结合,如分子筛、聚合物等,形成复合材料。传统提高分子筛疏水性的方法有改变分子筛结构、在制备过程中添加疏水性助剂、表面有机硅烷化和负载高聚物等,而上述方法会导致材料骨架坍塌、活性降低、合成危险等缺陷。因此考虑通过改变分子筛外表面特性提高其疏水性。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种高吸附性能核壳结构分子筛复合材料的制备方法及应用,在分子筛外表面负载纳米片状结构的水滑石制备具有核壳结构分子筛复合材料,水滑石自身所带的吸附位点可增加VOCs的吸附位,同时减少表面的亲水基团,进而提高复合材料的疏水性能。与传统分子筛吸附剂相比,本发明复合材料的疏水性、吸附容量以及穿透时间均有所增加,尤其是在潮湿环境下表现出优异的VOCs吸附性能,对湿度范围变化宽的工业废气吸附净化具有重要意义,解决了单一分子筛在高湿度环境下的吸附性能差等问题。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
本发明提供一种高吸附性能核壳结构分子筛复合材料的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将九水合硝酸铝和六水合硝酸镁,溶解在去离子水中,得到混合溶液A;
(2)将分子筛分散在去离子水中,室温下搅拌,超声混合30min(优选8kW条件下超声),之后加入无水碳酸钠,继续超声混合5min,得到混合溶液B;
(3)将混合溶液B在200-600rpm(优选400rpm)条件下剧烈搅拌,将混合溶液A加入到混合溶液B中,通过滴加1M NaOH水溶液调整混合溶液的pH值为10,将混合溶液在20-30℃、200-600rpm下搅拌2-6h(优选25℃,400rpm下搅拌4h),抽滤,收集固体;
(4)将步骤(3)固体重新分散在无水乙醇中,200-600rpm(优选400rpm)搅拌分散,保持30min,离心(优选6000rpm离心15min),收集得到的固体,重复2~3次,最后得到的固体在60℃下真空干燥;将烘干后的固体放入马弗炉中,以2-7℃/min的升温速率升至300-600℃,煅烧4-8h,得到所述的核壳结构分子筛复合材料。
进一步,步骤(1)中九水合硝酸铝与六水合硝酸镁投料物质的量之比为1:1-3,优选1:2;所述去离子水体积用量以九水合硝酸铝物质的量计为22-88mL/mmol,优选44mL/mmol。
进一步,步骤(2)中分子筛为硅铝比不同的ZSM-5,硅铝比为25、85、300的一种。
进一步,步骤(2)中分子筛与无水碳酸钠质量比为1:1-3,优选1:1;所述去离子水体积用量以分子筛质量计为200-300mL/g,优选250mL/g。
进一步,步骤(2)中分子筛按如下步骤制备:
①在室温,300rpm的水浴搅拌条件下,将TEOS与NaAlO2、TPAOH、NaOH、H2O按照物质的量比为25-300:1:26.4:2.08:150充分混合并且搅拌;优选300:1:26.4:2.08:150;
②将步骤①溶液转移到反应釜中,在170℃条件下水热24h进行晶化,将晶化后的反应液离心,沉淀用去离子水洗涤,60℃烘干;
③将步骤②在60℃下烘干后的样品,置于马弗炉中,以5℃/min升温到550℃并煅烧4h,以去除模板剂,得到Na型ZSM-5;
④将步骤③所得Na型ZSM-5在80℃的1mol/L的氯化铵水溶液中充分搅拌进行离子交换,重复2-3次以增加交换比例,过滤,滤饼用去离子水洗涤,60℃烘干,得到分子筛ZSM-5。
进一步,步骤(3)混合溶液A通过蠕动泵加入到混合溶液B中的速度为40-80mL/h,优选60mL/h,所述混合溶液A与混合溶液B体积比为1:1。
进一步,步骤(4)以5℃/min的升温速率升至400℃,煅烧6h。
本发明还提供一种所述方法制备的分子筛复合材料在高湿度下净化废气中的应用,所述废气含挥发性有机化合物,且废气湿度为20-80%;所述挥发性有机化合物包括甲苯。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益效果主要体现在:
本发明提供的分子筛复合材料的制备方法简单,易操作;所制备的复合材料(分子筛与层状双氢氧化物)核壳结构包覆均匀,吸附甲苯的穿透时间为10.2min,在高湿度(80%)下对甲苯的吸附效果为64mg/g,远大于工业用分子筛。可用于湿度范围宽的工业含VOCs废气的吸附净化,例如作为沸石转轮或流化床吸附工艺的吸附剂,对分子筛在印刷、纺织、皮革加工等制造业的尾气处理应用中具有一定的参考价值。
(四)附图说明
图1是实施例1-4得到的分子筛和复合材料的XRD图片。
图2是实施例1-4得到的分子筛和复合材料的TEM图片;(a)ZSM-5(300),(b)ZZ-300@LDH,(c)GC-300@LDH,(d)RN-300@LDH。
图3是实施例1-4得到的分子筛和复合材料的SEM图片;(e)ZSM-5(300),(f)ZZ-300@LDH,(g)GC-300@LDH,(h)RN-300@LDH。
图4是吸附装置,1.氮气钢瓶,2.流量显示仪,3.质量流量计,4.气路阀门,5.气体鼓泡瓶,6.纯净水鼓泡瓶,7.恒温水浴加热锅,8.混气罐,9.湿度计,10.反应器,11.加热装置,12.气相色谱仪,13.显示器。
图5是实施例1-4得到的分子筛和复合材料的吸附容量曲线。
图6是实例1-4得到的分子筛和复合材料湿度20%(a)和80%(b)下的吸附穿透曲线。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:本发明室温是指25-30℃。
实施例1:硅铝比300的分子筛ZSM-5的制备
基底分子筛采用水热合成法合成,以NaAlO2为铝源,四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)为硅源,四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)为模板剂,NaOH为碱源。
(1)在室温25℃,300rpm的水浴搅拌条件下,0.3g的NaAlO2与TEOS、TPAOH、NaOH、H2O按照物质的量比为1:300:26.4:2.08:150充分混合并且搅拌。
(2)将步骤(1)溶液转移到反应釜中,在170℃条件下水热24h进行晶化,将晶化后的反应液在6000rpm离心15min,沉淀用去离子水洗涤,60℃烘干。
(3)将步骤(2)在60℃下烘干后的样品,置于马弗炉中,以5℃/min升温到550℃并煅烧4h,以去除模板剂,得到Na型ZSM-5。
(4)将步骤(3)所得Na型ZSM-5在80℃的1mol/L的氯化铵水溶液中充分搅拌进行离子交换,重复2-3次以增加交换比例,过滤,滤饼用去离子水洗涤,60℃烘干,得到2g的H型分子筛ZSM-5(300),XRD图见图1,TEM图见图2中a,SEM图见图3中e。
实施例2:复合材料ZZ-300@LDH的制备
(1)称取0.59g六水合硝酸镁和0.43g九水合硝酸铝加入到100mL去离子水中,并加入0.101g无水碳酸钠,8kW条件下超声30min,得到混合溶液A。
(2)不断搅拌混合溶液A的同时,用自动滴定仪将1M的NaOH水溶液滴加到混合溶液A中维持反应过程中pH值为10。水热温度为60℃,保持反应4h,冷却至室温后,得到溶液C。
(3)将上述溶液C转移到离心管,5000rpm离心10min,去除上清液后使用无水乙醇洗涤,重复操作,直到上清液pH=7,取出固体部分,在60℃下真空干燥12h,得到LDH 0.2g。
(4)称取0.2g实施例1方法制备的分子筛ZSM-5(300),0.2g步骤(3)制备的LDH,0.05g SDBS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠),加入到40mL无水乙醇中,室温下搅拌6h,固体产物过滤回收,60℃下真空干燥,得到0.4g的复合材料,记为ZZ-300@LDH,XRD图见图1,TEM图见图2中b,SEM图见图3中f。
实施例3:复合材料GC-300@LDH的制备
(1)称取0.59g(0.0023mol)六水合硝酸镁和0.43g(0.00114mol)九水合硝酸铝,溶解在50mL去离子水中,得到混合溶液A。
(2)称取0.2g实施例1制备的分子筛ZSM-5(300)分散在50mL去离子水中,室温下搅拌,8kW条件下超声混合30min,之后加入0.212g的无水碳酸钠,继续超声混合5min,得到混合溶液B。
(3)将混合溶液B在400rpm条件下剧烈搅拌,用蠕动泵以60mL/h将混合溶液A以体积比1:1完全加入到混合溶液B中,通过自动滴定仪器,滴加1M NaOH水溶液调整混合溶液的pH值为10,pH值稳定后将混合溶液在25℃,400rpm下搅拌4h,抽滤,收集固体。
(4)将步骤(3)固体重新分散在100mL无水乙醇中400rpm搅拌分散,保持30min,6000rpm离心10min,收集得到的固体,重复2~3次,最后得到的固体在60℃下真空干燥。将烘干得到的固体放入马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升至400℃,煅烧6h,得到0.4g复合材料,记为GC-300@LDH,XRD图见图1,TEM图见图2中c,SEM图见图3中g。
实施例4:复合材料RN-300@LDH的制备
(1)称取0.59g的六水合硝酸镁和0.43g九水合硝酸铝,溶解在100mL去离子水中,随后加入0.212g无水碳酸钠,得到混合溶液A。
(2)称取0.2g实施例1制备的基底分子筛ZSM-5(300)分散在10mL 1M HNO3水溶液中,加入2mL乙二醇,搅拌后得到混合溶液D。
(3)混合溶液A在室温下搅拌均匀后加入到混合溶液D中,在80℃下搅拌4h,得到的凝胶在120℃下干燥。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的固体放入马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升至550℃,煅烧6h,得到0.4g的复合材料,记为RN-300@LDH,XRD图见图1,TEM图见图2中d,SEM图见图3中h。
实施例5:基底及复合材料的结构分析
将实施例1-实施例4制备所获得的基底分子筛基ZSM-5和3种复合材料分别进行了XRD、TEM和SEM分析,结果如图1-图3所示。
从图1可以看出,负载LDH后的复合材料主要衍射谱图与ZSM-5(300)基本相同,说明其保留了原材料的结晶特征,但是峰强度略有减小,这可能是由于LDH的插入一定程度上会有影响,但并未破坏原有材料的内部结构。且复合材料也出现了LDH的特征峰,在2θ=12.21°、23.65°、35.27°处的XRD特征晶面衍射峰分别对应于MgAl-CO3 LDH的反射晶面(003)、(006)、(009)。此外,LDH的特征峰非常尖锐,表现出很高的结晶度。而当负载到ZSM-5(300)的表面后,衍射峰的强度均明显减弱,这可能是由于负载后LDH的层间堆叠所导致。
图2所示的SEM图片可以看出,未负载前的ZSM-5(300)具有均匀分布的尺寸和完整的结构。在负载以后,ZZ-300@LDH的表面涂覆了稀疏的LDH纳米片,而GC-300@LDH和RN-300@LDH两种复合材料表面均有明显的LDH薄片,GC-300@LDH表面的LDH分布均匀,RN-300@LDH的纳米片体积较大。
图3中复合材料的TEM图像显示,ZZ-300@LDH负载效果较差。GC-300@LDH表面的薄片负载均匀密度较高,但总体直径较小。RN-300@LDH表面的LDH多为垂直态且直径较大,但密度较低且一定程度上破坏了ZSM-5(300)原有的结构。
以上结果表明LDH通过不同的负载方法均负载到了分子筛的表面,但就其负载程度、负载后形貌等,实施例3制备的GC-300@LDH略优异于另外2种方式制备的吸附材料。
实施例6:复合材料在高湿度环境下对甲苯气体的吸附
将实施例1-实施例4制备所获得的基底分子筛ZSM-5(300)和3种复合材料分别采用图4所示吸附装置进行高湿度环境下对甲苯气体的吸附试验,具体如下:
如图4所示,吸附装置包括氮气钢瓶1、流量显示仪2、气体鼓泡瓶5、纯净水鼓泡瓶6、恒温水浴加热锅7、混气罐8、反应器10、气相色谱仪12和显示器13;所述反应器10内设有石英管,进气端设置湿度计9,外围设置加热装置11;所述反应器10出气端与气相色谱仪12连接,所述气相色谱仪12与显示器13连接;所述反应器10进气端通管路与混气罐8连接;所述混气罐8分别通过设有气路阀门4和质量流量计3的管路、设有气体鼓泡瓶4和质量流量计3的管路、设有纯净水鼓泡瓶6和质量流量计3的管路,与氮气钢瓶1连接;所述质量流量计3各自与流量显示仪2连接,所述纯净水鼓泡瓶6放置于恒温水浴加热锅7内。
称取0.1g吸附剂(基底分子筛ZSM-5、3种复合材料)于吸附装置(图4)反应器10内的石英管中,在测试开始前将反应器加热至200℃,打开气路阀门4进行氮气吹扫以去除吸附剂中吸附的水以及其它杂质。冷却至室温后,调节恒温水浴加热锅至25℃,通过纯净水鼓泡瓶6调节反应器湿度为80%,通过气体鼓泡瓶5鼓泡产生浓度为1000ppm的甲苯,甲苯气体以30ml/min的流量进入反应器10,经过反应器10后进入气相色谱仪12,检测吸附后甲苯的浓度。当出气中甲苯浓度达到进气浓度的95%时,则认为吸附饱和。测试了不同吸附时间下各种复合吸附剂对于甲苯的吸附容量,结果如图5所示。
色谱柱型号Agilen 19091N-213,毛细柱(30.0m×0.32mm×0.50μm);氢火焰离子化检测器(flame ionization detector,FID),气化室温度200℃;柱箱温度100℃;检测器室温度180℃;氢气流量40mL/min;空气流量450mL/min;分流比5:1;进样体积0.8mL。
由实施例3制备而成的复合材料GC-300@LDH在高湿度下具有比分子筛更大的吸附容量,比其它两种制备方法制备的复合材料的吸附容量也略高,说明实施例3制备的复合材料在高湿环境下具有较好的吸附容量。
通过甲苯穿透曲线的积分公式计算获得了三种吸附剂对甲苯的吸附量,分别为ZZ-300@LDH:45.73mg/g,GC-300@LDH:63.89mg/g,RN-300@LDH56.86mg/g,相对于基底分子筛的52.40mg/g分别提升了-12.7%,21.9%和8.5%,也进一步验证了实施例3所提供的方法制备的复合材料吸附性能更优异。
实施例7:复合材料在不同湿度下的吸附穿透曲线测试
采用实施例6方法,在不同湿度(20%、80%)下,将实施例1-实施例4制备所获得的基底分子筛ZSM-5和3种复合材料分别进行吸附穿透曲线测试,结果如图6所示。
在相对湿度RH=20%条件下,ZZ-300@LDH的饱和吸附量相对于基底分子筛ZSM-5降低了12.7%,GC-300@LDH和RN-300@LDH也分别降低了8.7%和2.5%。这可能是由于改性后分子筛的比表面积减少。
从穿透时间上来看,基底分子筛ZSM-5在RH=20%和RH=80%下的穿透时间分别为3.6min和2.8min,而制备的复合材料ZZ-300@LDH,GC-300@LDH和RN-300@LDH在RH=20%下的穿透时间分别为6.4、8.5和10.3min,RH=80%下的穿透时间为3.2、5.2和7.7min,相对于基底分子筛ZSM-5有显著提升。且在湿度较高的条件下(RH=80%),复合材料ZZ-300@LDH,GC-300@LDH和RN-300@LDH对甲苯的穿透曲线都滞后于基底分子筛ZSM-5,这说明甲苯分子在复合材料中的吸附较快。同时其对甲苯的吸附容量也从基底分子筛ZSM-5的52.4mg/g提升至了效果相对最佳的GC-300@LDH的63.89mg/g,提升了21.9%。
综上可知,在所制备的3种复合吸附材料中,在低湿度和高湿度环境中,GC-300@LDH表现出了最佳的吸附性能。说明了本发明提供的制备方法有助于提高对甲苯吸附的穿透时间,负载LDH后一定程度上提升了分子筛在水汽环境中的吸附能力。
Claims (10)
1.一种高吸附性能核壳结构分子筛复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将九水合硝酸铝和六水合硝酸镁,溶解在去离子水中,得到混合溶液A;
(2)将分子筛分散在去离子水中,室温下搅拌,超声混合30min,之后加入无水碳酸钠,继续超声混合5min,得到混合溶液B;
(3)将混合溶液B在200-600rpm条件下剧烈搅拌,将混合溶液A加入到混合溶液B中,通过滴加1M NaOH水溶液调整混合溶液的pH值为10,将混合溶液在20-30℃、200-600rpm下搅拌2-6h,抽滤,收集固体;
(4)将步骤(3)固体重新分散在无水乙醇中,搅拌分散,保持30min,离心,收集得到的固体,重复2~3次,最后得到的固体在60℃下真空干燥;将烘干后的固体放入马弗炉中,以2-7℃/min的升温速率升至300-600℃,煅烧4-8h,得到所述的核壳结构分子筛复合材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中九水合硝酸铝与六水合硝酸镁投料物质的量之比为1:1-3;所述去离子水体积用量以九水合硝酸铝物质的量计为22-88mL/mmol。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中分子筛为硅铝比不同的ZSM-5,硅铝比为25、85、300的一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中分子筛与无水碳酸钠质量比为1:1-3;所述去离子水体积用量以分子筛质量计为200-300mL/g。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中分子筛按如下步骤制备:
①在室温,300rpm的水浴搅拌条件下,将TEOS与NaAlO2、TPAOH、NaOH、H2O按照物质的量之比25-300:1:26.4:2.08:150充分混合并搅拌;
②将步骤①溶液转移到反应釜中,在170℃条件下水热24h进行晶化,将晶化后的反应液离心,沉淀用去离子水洗涤,60℃烘干;
③将步骤②在60℃下烘干后的样品,置于马弗炉中,以5℃/min升温到550℃并煅烧4h,以去除模板剂,得到Na型ZSM-5;
④将步骤③所得Na型ZSM-5在80℃的1mol/L的氯化铵水溶液中充分搅拌进行离子交换,重复2-3次以增加交换比例,过滤,滤饼用去离子水洗涤,60℃烘干,得到分子筛ZSM-5。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)混合溶液A通过蠕动泵加入到混合溶液B中的速度为40-80mL/h,所述混合溶液A与混合溶液B体积比为1:1。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)以5℃/min的升温速率升至400℃,煅烧6h。
8.一种权利要求1所述方法制备的分子筛复合材料在高湿度下净化废气中的应用。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述废气含挥发性有机化合物,且废气湿度为20-80%。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述挥发性有机化合物为甲苯。
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