CN118059029A - 一种复合微针及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种复合微针及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物医用材料技术领域,公开了一种复合微针及其制备方法和应用,制备方法:制备明胶溶液,然后加入蔗糖,得微针尖端前驱体;将制得的微针尖端前驱体装入模具,冷藏后在3~5℃下离心,36~38℃干燥成型,得含明胶蔗糖的模具;将含光引发剂的聚(乙二醇)二丙烯酸酯溶液填充到含明胶蔗糖的模具,紫外光照射20~60s,得复合微针。所述复合微针用于负载钙黄绿素和罗丹明B。本发明以明胶、蔗糖、PEGDA为原料,采用离心工艺和紫外光聚合技术联用制备复合微针。明胶‑蔗糖针尖与PEGDA基质通过物理吸附作用结合在一起获得明胶‑蔗糖为尖端,PEGDA为基座的复合微针。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医用材料技术领域,具体涉及一种复合微针及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
微针(MNs)的三维微结构可刺穿角质层并产生瞬态微通道,可增加药物的渗透性和吸收力,微针可进入指定深度,不刺激真皮中的血管和神经纤维,可将各种分子以微创方式输送到皮肤中,该法可避免口服给药中肝脏的“首过”灭活效应以及注射给药引起的疼痛、恐惧感,弥补了药物难穿透角质层而导致药效低的不足。目前,用于经皮给药的微针类型有很多,如固体微针、自溶解微针、中空微针和涂层微针等。最常见的涂层微针由水溶性材料包裹在金属、硅或聚合物等固体微针表面构成。由于微针的表面积小,涂层微针载药量低,而且在微针三维微观结构上实现精确和均匀的药物涂覆难度很大。
为了克服上述涂层微针的不足,目前已提出生物相容性自溶解型聚合物微针。该微针由水溶性聚合物制成,将药物包裹在微针针体中,微针刺入皮肤后针体溶解并自发释放药物,不会留下任何生物危害废物,该微针具有很高的载药量。在众多类型的聚合物材料中,PEGDA,即聚(乙二醇)二丙烯酸酯,是美国食品药品监督管理局批准的生物相容性聚合物,已被广泛用作制备微针的原材料。PEGDA可通过肾脏排出体外或生成无毒的代谢产物,适用于组织工程和药物输送领域。但通常PEGDA微针仅能包裹少数小分子疏水药物,因此,急需开发出一种能够加载多种药物的复合微针,用于提高PEGDA递送药物的多样性。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种复合微针及其制备方法和应用,解决了现有技术制备的PEGDA微针仅能包裹少数小分子疏水药物的问题。
一种复合微针的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
制备微针尖端前驱体:制备明胶溶液,然后加入蔗糖,得微针尖端前驱体;制备微针尖端:将制得的微针尖端前驱体装入模具,冷藏后在3~5℃下离心,然后36~38℃干燥成型,得含明胶蔗糖的模具;
制备微针:将含光引发剂的聚(乙二醇)二丙烯酸酯溶液填充到含明胶蔗糖的模具,紫外光照射20~60s,得所述复合微针;其中,所述紫外光为365nm,17mw·cm-2。
优选的,所述离心条件为6000~7000r/min离心10~15min。
优选的,制备微针时,所述含光引发剂的聚(乙二醇)二丙烯酸酯溶液中光引发剂的质量分数为0.5%。
优选的,所述光引发剂为2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮。
优选的,所述微针尖端前驱体的制备方法为:将明胶添加到水中后放入50~60℃水浴加热,搅拌30~40min,获得质量浓度为3%的明胶溶液;向质量浓度为3%的明胶溶液中加入蔗糖,获得微针尖端前驱体。
优选的,其中,明胶、蔗糖、水按比例为0.03:g 3g:10mL。
优选的,制备微针尖端时,所述模具为PDMS模具。
本发明的第二个目的在于保护所述任一项制备方法制备的复合微针。
本发明的第三个目的在于保护所述的复合微针在负载药物中的应用。
优选的,所述药物为钙黄绿素和罗丹明B。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明以明胶、蔗糖、PEGDA为原料,采用离心工艺和紫外光聚合技术联用制备复合微针。明胶-蔗糖针尖与PEGDA基质通过物理吸附作用结合在一起获得明胶-蔗糖为尖端,PEGDA为基座的复合微针。
本发明能够得到亲水性明胶-蔗糖-PEGDA复合微针,明胶-蔗糖起到快速释放药物同时增加PEGDA微针加载药物的多样性,该方法在不改变基材本身的性能的同时,提高其亲水性,达到促进释放药物目的,获得具有优良综合性能的新型生物医学材料,且操作简便,成本低廉。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备的复合微针的SEM图;
图2为本发明对比例1制备的PEGDA微针加载罗丹明B(a)和实施例1制备的复合微针加载罗丹明B(b)的照片;实施例1制备的复合微针加载钙黄绿素(c)的照片;
图3为本发明对比例1制备的PEGDA微针(a)和实施例1制备的复合微针(b)的断裂临界力。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明具体实施,对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明各实施例中所述方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
一种复合微针的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将0.03g明胶溶解于10mL蒸馏水,50℃水浴加热30min,,获得质量浓度为3%的明胶溶液。
(2)向步骤(1)的质量浓度为3%的明胶溶液添加1.5g蔗糖,搅拌使溶液均一,得微针尖端前驱体。
(3)将步骤(2)的微针尖端前驱体取150μL放入PDMS模具上,真空排气10min。
(4)将步骤(3)排气后的模具放入3℃冰箱中静置10min,待明胶-蔗糖溶液成为凝胶状后3℃下6000r/min的离心10min,用刮刀去除PDMS模具表面残余的明胶-蔗糖凝胶。
(5)将步骤(4)重复4次后放入36℃的烘箱中干燥12h,明胶-蔗糖尖端固化成型后,得含明胶蔗糖的PDMS模具;
(6)将200μL含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的PEGDA溶液填充到含明胶蔗糖的PDMS模具,真空下排除气体,用365nm,17mw·cm-2的紫外光照射40s,得到复合微针,从PDMS模具上剥离并避光保存待用。含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的聚(乙二醇)二丙烯酸酯溶液中含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的质量分数为0.5%。
实施例2
一种复合微针的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将0.03g明胶溶解于10mL蒸馏水,50℃水浴加热30min,,获得质量浓度为3%的明胶溶液。
(2)向步骤(1)的质量浓度为3%的明胶溶液添加1.5g蔗糖,搅拌使溶液均一,得微针尖端前驱体。
(3)将步骤(2)的微针尖端前驱体取150μL放入PDMS模具上,真空排气10min。
(4)将步骤(3)排气后的模具放入3℃冰箱中静置10min,待明胶-蔗糖溶液成为凝胶状后3℃下6000r/min的离心10min,用刮刀去除PDMS模具表面残余的明胶-蔗糖凝胶。
(5)将步骤(4)重复4次后放入36℃的烘箱中干燥12h,明胶-蔗糖尖端固化成型后,得含明胶蔗糖的PDMS模具;
(6)将200μL含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的PEGDA溶液填充到含明胶蔗糖的PDMS模具,真空下排除气体,用365nm,17mw·cm-2的紫外光照射20s,得到复合微针,从PDMS模具上剥离并避光保存待用。含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的聚(乙二醇)二丙烯酸酯溶液中含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的质量分数为0.5%。
实施例3
一种复合微针的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将0.03g明胶溶解于10mL蒸馏水,55℃水浴加热35min,,获得质量浓度为3%的明胶溶液。
(2)向步骤(1)的质量浓度为3%的明胶溶液添加1.5g蔗糖,搅拌使溶液均一,得微针尖端前驱体。
(3)将步骤(2)的微针尖端前驱体取150μL放入PDMS模具上,真空排气10min。
(4)将步骤(3)排气后的模具放入4℃冰箱中静置15min,待明胶-蔗糖溶液成为凝胶状后4℃下6000r/min的离心10min,用刮刀去除PDMS模具表面残余的明胶-蔗糖凝胶。
(5)将步骤(4)重复4次后放入37℃的烘箱中干燥18h,明胶-蔗糖尖端固化成型后,得含明胶蔗糖的PDMS模具;
(6)将200μL含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的PEGDA溶液填充到含明胶蔗糖的PDMS模具,真空下排除气体,用365nm,17mw·cm-2的紫外光照射60s,得到复合微针,从PDMS模具上剥离并避光保存待用。含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的聚(乙二醇)二丙烯酸酯溶液中含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的质量分数为0.5%。
实施例4
一种复合微针的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将0.03g明胶溶解于10mL蒸馏水,60℃水浴加热40min,,获得质量浓度为3%的明胶溶液。
(2)向步骤(1)的质量浓度为3%的明胶溶液添加1.5g蔗糖,搅拌使溶液均一,得微针尖端前驱体。
(3)将步骤(2)的微针尖端前驱体取150μL放入PDMS模具上,真空排气10min。
(4)将步骤(3)排气后的模具放入5℃冰箱中静置20min,待明胶-蔗糖溶液成为凝胶状后5℃下7000r/min的离心15min,用刮刀去除PDMS模具表面残余的明胶-蔗糖凝胶。
(5)将步骤(4)重复4次后放入38℃的烘箱中干燥24h,明胶-蔗糖尖端固化成型后,得含明胶蔗糖的PDMS模具;
(6)将200μL含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的PEGDA溶液填充到含明胶蔗糖的PDMS模具,真空下排除气体,用365nm,17mw·cm-2的紫外光照射40s,得到复合微针,从PDMS模具上剥离并避光保存待用。含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的聚(乙二醇)二丙烯酸酯溶液中含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的质量分数为0.5%。
实施例5
一种复合微针的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将0.03g明胶溶解于10mL蒸馏水,60℃水浴加热40min,,获得质量浓度为3%的明胶溶液。
(2)向步骤(1)的质量浓度为3%的明胶溶液添加1.5g蔗糖,搅拌使溶液均一,得微针尖端前驱体。
(3)将步骤(2)的微针尖端前驱体取150μL放入PDMS模具上,真空排气10min。
(4)将步骤(3)排气后的模具放入5℃冰箱中静置20min,待明胶-蔗糖溶液成为凝胶状后5℃下7000r/min的离心15min,用刮刀去除PDMS模具表面残余的明胶-蔗糖凝胶。
(5)将步骤(4)重复4次后放入38℃的烘箱中干燥24h,明胶-蔗糖尖端固化成型后,得含明胶蔗糖的PDMS模具;
(6)将200μL含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的PEGDA溶液填充到含明胶蔗糖的PDMS模具,真空下排除气体,用365nm,17mw·cm-2的紫外光照射40s,得到复合微针,从PDMS模具上剥离并避光保存待用。含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的聚(乙二醇)二丙烯酸酯溶液中含2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮的质量分数为0.5%。
对比例1(PEGDA微针)
将约200μL含光引发剂的PEGDA溶液填充到含明胶蔗糖的PDMS模具,真空下排除气体,用365nm,17mw·cm-2的紫外光照射40s,得到PEGDA微针,从PDMS模具上剥离并避光保存待用。
本发明实施例2~5制备的复合微针与实施例1制备的复合微针力学性能基本一致,以下测试仅以实施例1制备的复合微针进行,结果见图1所示。
结果分析:由图1可知,复合微针针体上端为四棱锥状,下端为四棱柱状,微针形状与金属主针模具一致。
微针的力学性能数据图
实验条件:移动传感器与微针尖端的初始距离约为2mm,垂直于微针阵列的轴线,以0.5mm/min的恒定速度下降,当移动传感器接触微针的最高点时,开始测量力。试验机每0.01s记录一次载荷和位移,得到应力-位移曲线,结果见图3所示。
结果分析:由图2可知对比例1制备的PEGDA微针与实施例1制备的复合微针加载罗丹明B均成红色,见图2(a)、图2(b),表明2种微针都能加载模型药物罗丹明B,将罗丹明B添加到明胶-蔗糖溶液中,混合均匀后获得含罗丹明B的微针尖端前驱体,将前驱体置于PDMS模具上,置于4℃冰箱,待含罗丹明B的微针尖端前驱体凝胶化后离心,制备亲水尖端。图2(c)为实施例1制备的复合微针加载钙黄绿素(c)的照片。力学性能结果表明,当溶解PEGDA微针的一端与底座断裂时,曲线突然下降。对比应力应变曲线的斜率,应力应变关系越陡,材料越硬。溶解性尖端微针的机械强度略有下降,但依然具有足够穿刺皮肤的能力。PEGDA微针和复合微针的断裂临界力分别为5.5N和4.2N,见图3(a)、3(b)。数据分析可知两种微针都具有较大的机械强度,足以穿透皮肤角质层。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例,但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念,则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以,所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合微针的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
制备微针尖端前驱体:制备明胶溶液,然后加入蔗糖,得微针尖端前驱体;制备含明胶蔗糖的模具:将制得的微针尖端前驱体装入模具,冷藏后在3~5℃下离心,然后36~38℃干燥成型,得含明胶蔗糖的模具;
制备微针:将含光引发剂的聚(乙二醇)二丙烯酸酯溶液填充到含明胶蔗糖的模具,紫外光照射20~60s,得所述复合微针。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种复合微针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述离心条件为6000~7000r/min离心10~15min。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种复合微针的制备方法,其特征在于,制备微针时,所述含光引发剂的聚(乙二醇)二丙烯酸酯溶液中光引发剂的质量分数为0.5%。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种复合微针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述光引发剂为2-羟基-2-甲基-苯乙酮。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种复合微针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述微针尖端前驱体的制备方法为:将明胶添加到水中后放入50~60℃水浴加热,搅拌30~40min,获得质量浓度为3%的明胶溶液;向质量浓度为3%的明胶溶液中加入蔗糖,获得微针尖端前驱体。
6.根据权利要求5所述一种复合微针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述明胶、蔗糖、水按比例为0.03g:3g:10mL。
7.根据权利要求6所述一种复合微针的制备方法,其特征在于,制备微针尖端时,所述模具为PDMS模具。
8.如权利要求1~7所述任一项制备方法制备的复合微针。
9.一种权利要求8所述的复合微针在负载药物中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物为钙黄绿素和罗丹明B。
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