CN117943019A - 一种水滑石基催化剂及其在一元醇转化中的应用 - Google Patents
一种水滑石基催化剂及其在一元醇转化中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117943019A CN117943019A CN202211275404.2A CN202211275404A CN117943019A CN 117943019 A CN117943019 A CN 117943019A CN 202211275404 A CN202211275404 A CN 202211275404A CN 117943019 A CN117943019 A CN 117943019A
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- metal
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- nickel
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 salt ion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PCWGTDULNUVNBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpentan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCO PCWGTDULNUVNBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZVHAANQOQZVVFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCO ZVHAANQOQZVVFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 9
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
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- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Inorganic materials [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PLFFHJWXOGYWPR-HEDMGYOXSA-N (4r)-4-[(3r,3as,5ar,5br,7as,11as,11br,13ar,13bs)-5a,5b,8,8,11a,13b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-3-yl]pentan-1-ol Chemical compound C([C@]1(C)[C@H]2CC[C@H]34)CCC(C)(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@H]1[C@]3(C)CC[C@@H]1[C@@H](CCCO)C PLFFHJWXOGYWPR-HEDMGYOXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium nitrate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008365 aromatic ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(II) nitrate Inorganic materials [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018516 Al—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- XURCIPRUUASYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Omeprazole sulfide Chemical group N=1C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2NC=1SCC1=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C1C XURCIPRUUASYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OBROYCQXICMORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxyalumane Chemical compound [Al+3].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] OBROYCQXICMORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/825—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with gallium, indium or thallium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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Abstract
本发明公开一种水滑石基催化剂及其在一元醇转化中的应用,属于生物能源化工技术领域。所述水滑石基催化剂采用共沉淀法制备,然后经过焙烧、还原,得到所述水滑石基催化剂,催化剂主要由过渡金属镍、镁、铝、铟、锰、钴、铜、锌中的两种以上组成。催化剂主要用于一元醇催化转化反应中,得到酯类、酮类和醇类化合物。本发明催化剂具有制备方法简单、易操作、经济实用、对环境友好以及稳定性高、产物选择性高等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物能源化工技术领域,具体涉及一种水滑石基催化剂及其在一元醇转化中的应用。
背景技术
小分子醇包括乙醇、正丙醇等一元伯醇和异丙醇等一元仲醇是一类重要的平台化合物,具有产量丰富、来源广等优点。与此相比,部分酯类化合物、酮类化合物和高碳链醇类化合物难以通过常规方法制备,存在合成过程污染、设备腐蚀、碳排放高等缺点。亟待开发新型合成工艺实现高碳酯类化合物、酮类化合物和高碳链醇类化合物的绿色制备。
丙酸丙酯是一种用途十分广泛的精细化学品,主要应用在油墨、涂料、清洁剂和食品工业调料等行业。目前,合成丙酸丙酯的生产工艺主要有以下几种[文献1:授权号CN110280033 B,一种自热回收反应精馏制备丙酸丙酯的装置及方法]。一种方法就是丙酸和丙醇为原料,在强酸性催化剂的作用下直接酯化生成丙酸丙酯,其主要缺点是装置易腐蚀、易污染环境、产品复杂难分离,反应后有等摩尔质量的水产生,后处理流程较长,整个过程能耗大,产品精制困难。另外一种方法为丙醛一步直接合成丙酸丙酯,该流程节省了原料的消耗,仅需要50min,丙醇铝催化剂的收率就可达98%,大大节约了反应时间。丙酸丙酯的收率可达92%,选择性可达93%,但该工艺也存在不足之处,工艺路线复杂,但是没有克服无机酸对设备的腐蚀和环境污染问题,且在生产过程中能耗很高,很难大规模生产应用。第三种方法是将正丙酸和正丙醇酯化合成丙酸丙酯,整个过程工艺流程复杂,整个反应制备时间过长,能耗很大,无法大规模推广。
另外,如甲基异丁基甲酮(英文简称MIBK),是一种重要的溶剂和化工中间体,因其性能优异而备受关注。其具有芳香酮气味,无色透明,沸点属于中等沸点,溶解力非常强,能与醇、苯、乙醚等众多有机溶剂混溶,可以用作涂料、乙基纤维素、硝化纤维、录音录像带、石蜡、多种天然或合成树脂溶剂、脱蜡剂、稀土金属萃取剂、聚合反应引发剂、表面活性剂、医药、农药萃取剂等领域,是目前较为紧俏的精细石油化工中间体,在许多应用领域具有不可替代性,现在我国仍然每年大量进口。
目前,甲基异丁基甲酮主要使用丙酮作为原料进行生产。根据反应过程分为三步法和一步法。因一步法具有工艺流程短、投资少、原料转化率高等优点,已经成为主要的合成工艺路线。田宝亮等人[文献2:CN112337467A]采用丙酮为原料一步法制备甲基异丁基甲酮和甲基异丁基甲醇,该方法过程简单,但是仍存在丙酮原料危险、难以控制等问题。
随着发酵技术的快速发展和煤制乙醇项目的成熟,乙醇的产量超过600亿升,并且以每年4%~5%的速度增加。目前乙醇主要用于油品添加,从而部分取代燃油。然而,基于目前发动机安全和能量密度限制,乙醇在现有发动机中油品添加量有限,一般小于10%,这严重制约了乙醇的发展和应用。近年来,乙醇的高值化利用得到了充足的发展,形成乙酸乙酯、丁醇、1,3-丁二烯、异丁烯等多元化产物,有力的促进了乙醇产业的健康发展。目前乙醇脱氢耦合到乙酸乙酯路线使用的是Cu基催化剂,存在含Cr污染环境、催化剂不稳定等问题[文献3:Kanichiro Inui,Toru Kurabayashi,Satoshi Sato,Direct synthesis of ethylacetate from ethanol over Cu-Zn-Zr-Al-O catalyst,Applied Catalysis A:General2002,237,53–613;文献4:Inui K,Kurabayashi T,Sato S.Direct synthesis of ethylacetate from ethanol carried out under pressure,Journal of Catalysis,2002,212(2):207-15]。有作者通过均相催化剂转化乙醇到乙酸乙酯[文献5:Martin Nielsen,Henrik Junge,Anja Kammer,and Matthias Beller,Towards a Green Process forBulk-Scale Synthesis of Ethyl Acetate:Efficient Acceptorless Dehydrogenationof Ethanol,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2012,51,5711–5713],得到较高的时空转化效率,但是催化剂的循环使用和再生性仍存在问题。McCullough等人[文献6:McCullough L R,Cheng ES,Gosavi AA,et al.Gas phase acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of ethanolover bulk MoS2 and spectroscopic measurement of structural disorder,Journalof Catalysis,2018,366:159-66]采用块体MoS2催化剂,乙醇转化率达64%,但生成乙酸乙酯的选择性仅为58%,此过程的分离成本较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种水滑石基催化剂及其在一元醇转化中的应用。该方法具有操作简单、催化剂成本低、经济实用、生产酯、酮和高碳醇等效率高、能耗低等优点。
为实现上述目的,本发明技术方案为:
一种水滑石基催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂由氧和铟与镍组成;或者所述催化剂由氧和铟和镍与镁、铝、锰、钴、铜、锌中的至少一种元素组成,氧含量由组成中的各金属氧化物的氧的数值决定;将含有上述金属元素的金属盐溶解通过共沉淀法制备;且溶解后溶液中二价离子和三价离子的摩尔浓度为2:1~5:1,经过焙烧、还原后制成。
进一步地,在上述技术方案当中,元素铟、镍摩尔比为1:0.5-5;催化剂中镁、铝、锰、钴、铜、锌的质量分数分别为:0-50%,0-20%,0-25%,0-20%,0-20%,0-20%。催化剂中所有金属元素和氧元素的质量百分含量之和为100%。
进一步地,在上述技术方案当中,优选催化剂由氧和铟与镍、镁、铝、锰、钴、铜、锌中的至少一种元素组成,特别是氧和铟、镍、镁、锌组成,或者特别是氧和铟、镍、锌组成。
进一步地,在上述技术方案当中,共沉淀法的沉淀剂为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、碳酸锂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾中的至少两种;所述金属盐为金属硝酸盐、氯化盐、金属硫酸盐、金属磷酸盐中的至少一种;共沉淀过程可以是金属盐离子溶液添加到沉淀剂中,也可以为金属盐离子溶液和沉淀剂共同添加;金属盐离子的溶度为0.1~5mol/L,沉淀剂的浓度为0.1~10mol/L。
进一步地,在上述技术方案当中,金属盐的沉淀剂量为理论计算沉淀剂量,沉淀结束用沉淀剂调节最终溶液pH到8-10.5;共沉淀法中沉淀过程的温度为0~80℃,老化过程的温度在40~90℃;老化时间为3~24小时。
进一步地,在上述技术方案当中,催化剂经过老化后,过滤、洗涤、干燥、焙烧、还原得到所需催化剂;干燥温度为80~150℃,干燥时间为1-24小时;焙烧温度为200~800℃,焙烧0.5-20小时;还原温度为300~600℃,还原0.5~6小时,还原的气氛为氢气、甲烷、氮气和氩气中的至少一种。
进一步地,在上述技术方案当中,催化剂中二价金属优选含有镍,三价金属中优选含有铟,镍的质量分数为2~50%,铟的质量分数为0.5~40%。
进一步地,在上述技术方案当中,经过还原后镍金属以金属、合金和氧化物形式共存,其余金属除和镍形成合金外以氧化物形式存在。
本发明提供上述催化剂用于一元醇的偶合反应,一元醇为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇、正戊醇、正己醇、正庚醇、正辛醇,异丙醇,异丁醇,异戊醇,异己醇,异庚醇。
进一步地,在上述技术方案当中,反应在固定床反应器上进行,反应压力为0.1~10MPa,反应温度为120~320℃;催化反应的质量空速为0.1~20h-1;反应载气为氮气、氩气、氦气、氧化亚氮、二氧化碳中的至少一种。
进一步地,在上述技术方案当中,反应产物主要为酯类、酮类和醇类化合物;当原料为一元伯醇时,产物为对应醇的酯,例如以丙醇为原料,产物为丙酸丙酯;当原料为仲醇时,产物为两者缩合形成的酮类和醇类化合物,例如,原料为异丙醇时,产物为甲基异丁基甲酮和甲基异丁基甲醇。
进一步地,在上述技术方案当中,反应产物中有氢气,氢气在载气中的摩尔分数为1-20%之间,可以不经分离直接用于加氢反应。
进一步地,在上述技术方案当中,酯类、酮类和醇类化合物的选择性超过80%,所述催化剂稳定运行超过500h。
本发明具有如下优点:
1、本发明提供了一种水滑石基催化剂的制备方法,该制备方法存在过程简单、产生的三废少、金属原子利用率高、金属和氧化物原子级分散等优点,经过干燥、焙烧、还原后的催化剂比表面大,金属分散度高,不易烧结。
2.本发明使用一元醇为原料,一元醇储量丰富、品种多、来源充足、产量大、污染低;一元醇偶联之后产生的酯、酮和醇品种复杂,但是可以调节,在燃料、化学品等领域具有广泛的应用。另外,气相中含有氢气,可以用于一些加氢反应中。
3.本发明制备的水滑石基催化剂在一元醇偶联反应中表现出独特的选择性,副产物少,分离成本显著降低。
4.本发明提供的水滑石基催化剂稳定性好,用于乙醇偶联反应时,产物容易分离使用,整个过程具有较好的经济性和实用性,符合可持续发展的要求,在生物质转化中具有重要的经济价值和工业化前景。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但这些实施例并不对本发明的内容构成限制。实施例给出了几个典型催化剂的制备方法,但是具体处理条件不限于实施例给出的参数。
实施例1:NiMgZnAlInOx催化剂
将5.8g Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,13.8g Mg(NO3)2·6H2O,5.2g Al(NO3)3·9H2O,2.3g In(NO3)3·5H2O和1.7g Zn(NO3)2·6H2O,溶于50mL去离子水中,得到溶液A。将3.7g NaOH和6.6g Na2CO3溶于100mL去离子水中,得到溶液B。
将溶液B转移至水热装置中,35℃水浴、500rpm机械搅拌,然后将溶液A滴加至溶液B,滴加速度为1mL/min,沉淀完毕后调节溶液pH到10左右,然后将水浴温度提高至65℃,动态老化18h。老化完毕后过滤,依次用1L去离子水和100mL乙醇洗涤,将滤饼取出,于80℃干燥18h,600℃焙烧2h,600℃H2还原1h,得到组成为NiMgZnAlInO的催化剂,此过程得到催化剂金属Ni:Mg:Zn:Al:In摩尔比为1:2.7:0.3:0.7:0.3。
实施例2-4:NiMgyAlInOx催化剂(不含Zn)
与制备实施例1不同之处在于,第一步共沉淀法中硝酸镁含量根据要求改变,且不使用硝酸锌,与此相对应的碱量按比例改变,这里沉淀剂采用碳酸钾和氢氧化钾混合溶液,两者摩尔比同制备例1。调变完后分别依次得到实施例2、3、4的催化剂,金属Ni:Mg:Al:In摩尔比为1:4:0.7:0.3、1:3:0.7:0.3和1:2:0.7:0.3.
实施例5-7:NiMgAlyIn(1-y)Ox催化剂
与制备实施例1不同之处在于,第一步共沉淀法中不添加硝酸锌,将部分或全部硝酸铝等摩尔地替换为硝酸铟,与此相对应的碱量保持不变。调变完后分别依次得到实施例5、6、7的催化剂金属Ni:Mg:Al:In摩尔比为1:3:0.9:0.1、1:3:0.4:0.6和1:3:0:1.
对比例催化剂1:NiMgZnAlInOx-球磨法
将氧化镍、氧化镁、氧化锌、氧化铝和氧化铟按照制备例1中的比例,即金属Ni:Mg:Zn:Al:In摩尔比为1:2.7:0.3:0.7:0.3,采用球磨法合成催化剂,催化剂在450rpm下球磨6小时,然后经过600℃焙烧2h,600℃H2还原1h得到对比例催化剂1。
对比例催化剂2:Ni/MgZnAlInOx-浸渍法
参照制备例1,第一步共沉淀法中不添加硝酸镍,与此相对应的碱量按比例减少。在焙烧步骤后,将所得固体研磨成粉末作为载体,通过等体积浸渍法负载5.8g Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,于80℃干燥18h,600℃焙烧2h,600℃H2还原1h,得到Ni/MgZnAlInO催化剂,其中金属Ni:Mg:Zn:Al:In摩尔比为1:2.7:0.3:0.7:0.3。
对比例催化剂3-4:
NiAlOx(对比催化剂3,Ni与Al摩尔比为1:0.7),MgAlInOx(对比催化剂4,Mg与Al,In摩尔比为2:0.7:0.3)与制备实施例1不同之处在于元素种类不一样。
应用反应例1
催化转化实验在固定床反应器中进行,具体条件如下:分别使用实施例1-7以及对比例1制备的催化剂进行一元醇偶联反应,反应温度200-300℃,反应压力为3MPa,反应质量空速为1.9h-1),催化剂的使用量为10g,将催化剂加入到固定床反应器中,在线氢气还原,气体流速为200mL/min,还原温度为300℃,还原时间为2h。还原后降到反应温度,通入氮气作为载气,气体流速为100mL/min,泵入原料,气相产物通过在线气相色谱分析。
实施例1-7以及对比例1-2制备的催化剂分别用于乙醇催化偶联的反应结果如表1所示。
表1不同催化剂用于乙醇催化偶联反应结果(反应温度275℃,反应稳定4h后)
表1对比了不同催化剂用于乙醇偶联反应的产物变化。从反应数据可以看到,与单纯机械混合催化剂(对比例1)相比,通过共沉淀制备的水滑石基催化剂具有良好的反应活性。特别是在在NiMg2.7Zn0.3Al0.7In0.3Ox催化剂(实施例1)上,乙酸乙酯的选择性达到93.5%,展现出良好的产物选择性。同时,通过对比实施例3-4可以看到,Ni与In对于乙酸乙酯的生成至关重要。当缺少In与Ni时,副产丁醇等产物,碳平衡较差。
反应例2
具体反应条件与反应例1相同,只是一元醇从乙醇拓展到其他醇类,结果如表2所示:
实施例3制备的催化剂分别用于一元醇催化耦合反应(反应温度250℃,反应质量空速为1.9h-1),结果如表2所示。
表2不同一元醇在NiMg3Al0.7In0.3Ox催化剂上转化结果(反应4h后)
从表2反应数据可以看到,虽然不同一元伯醇都能转化为相应的酯类化合物,便显出良好的普适性。另外,当采用一元仲醇为原料时,产物主要为酮和醇类化合物,实现了碳链的增长。
反应例3
除表3中特殊说明的反应条件外,其他反应条件同反应例1,制备实施例6中催化剂NiMg3Al0.4In0.6Ox用于乙醇催化脱氢偶联结果(275℃,3MPa),如表3所示。
表3不同条件下NiMg3Al0.4In0.6Ox催化剂上乙醇催化偶联结果(反应稳定3h后结果)
可以通过改变反应条件,使乙醇转化率达到60%以上,乙酸乙酯的选择性也达到90%。
反应例4
除表4中特殊说明的反应条件外,其他反应条件同反应例1,制备实施例6中催化剂NiMg3Al0.4In0.6Ox用于丙醇催化脱氢偶联结果(275℃,3MPa,空速1.0h-1),如表4所示。
表4不同条件制备的NiMg3Al0.4In0.6Ox催化剂上丙醇催化偶联结果(反应稳定3h后结果)
催化剂制备方法中进料顺序对丙醇转化影响不大,但是沉淀剂的选择和催化剂还原温度对反应结果影响比较大,特别是焙烧温度达到900℃时,催化剂活性中心部分烧结,活性显著降低。
应用反应例5
催化剂的稳定性比较:
采用制备实施例1-2制备的NiMg2.7Zn0.3Al0.7In0.3Ox、NiMg4Al0.7In0.3Ox催化剂和反应实施例3的条件进行稳定性实验,反应时间为500小时,其他反应条件同反应例1。本发明实验结果与现有技术的结果比较见表5.
表5本发明与现有技术中乙醇脱氢偶联催化剂比较(乙醇浓度98wt%,温度275℃,压力3MPa,空速1.3h-1)
通过和文献的比较(表5),可以发现本发明的实验结果在反应活性催化剂稳定性方面都具有比较突出的实质性进步,本发明的催化剂容易制备,反应条件更加温和,且具有超高稳定性,具有较高的实用性。
以上所述,仅为本发明部分的具体实施例,但是本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此,也不因各实施例的先后次序对本发明造成任何限制,任何熟悉本发明技术领域的技术人员在本发明报道的技术范围内,可轻易进行变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围不仅限于以上实施例,应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种水滑石基催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂由氧和铟与镍组成;或者所述催化剂由氧和铟和镍与镁、铝、锰、钴、铜、锌中的至少一种元素组成,氧含量由组成中的各金属氧化物的氧的数值决定;将含有上述金属元素的金属盐溶解通过共沉淀法制备;且溶解后溶液中二价离子和三价离子的摩尔浓度为2:1~5:1,经过焙烧、还原后制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于,元素铟、镍摩尔比为1:0.5-5;催化剂中镁、铝、锰、钴、铜、锌的质量分数分别为:0-50%,0-20%,0-25%,0-20%,0-20%,0-20%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述共沉淀法的沉淀剂为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、碳酸锂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾中的至少两种;所述金属盐为金属硝酸盐、氯化盐、金属硫酸盐、金属磷酸盐中的至少一种;共沉淀过程可以是金属盐离子溶液添加到沉淀剂中,也可以为金属盐离子溶液和沉淀剂共同添加;金属盐离子的溶度为0.1~5mol/L,沉淀剂的浓度为0.1~10mol/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述金属盐的沉淀剂量为理论计算沉淀剂量,沉淀结束用沉淀剂调节最终溶液pH到8~10.5;共沉淀法中沉淀过程的温度为0~80℃,老化过程的温度在40~90℃;老化时间为3~24小时。
5.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂经过老化后,过滤、洗涤、干燥、焙烧、还原得到所需催化剂;干燥温度为80~150℃,干燥时间为1-24小时;焙烧温度为200~800℃,焙烧0.5-20小时;还原温度为300~600℃,还原0.5~6小时,还原的气氛为氢气、甲烷、氮气和氩气中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂中二价金属优选含有镍,三价金属中优选含有铟,镍的质量分数为2~50%,铟的质量分数为0.5~40%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述经过还原后镍金属以金属、合金和氧化物形式共存,其余金属除和镍形成合金外以氧化物形式存在。
8.根据权利要求1-7任意一项所述的催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所述催化剂用于一元醇的偶合反应,一元醇为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇、正戊醇、正己醇、正庚醇、正辛醇,异丙醇,异丁醇,异戊醇,异己醇,异庚醇。
9.根据权利要求8所述的催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所述反应在固定床反应器上进行,反应压力为0.1~10MPa,反应温度为120~320℃;催化反应的质量空速为0.1~20h-1;反应载气为氮气、氩气、氦气、氧化亚氮、二氧化碳中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所述反应产物主要为酯类、酮类和醇类化合物;所述反应产物中有氢气,氢气的摩尔分数为1-20%之间,可以不经分离直接用于加氢反应;所述酯类、酮类和醇类化合物的选择性超过80%,所述催化剂稳定运行超过500h。
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