CN117918185A - Planting method of blueberries - Google Patents
Planting method of blueberries Download PDFInfo
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- CN117918185A CN117918185A CN202410245806.0A CN202410245806A CN117918185A CN 117918185 A CN117918185 A CN 117918185A CN 202410245806 A CN202410245806 A CN 202410245806A CN 117918185 A CN117918185 A CN 117918185A
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- 240000000851 Vaccinium corymbosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 235000003095 Vaccinium corymbosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 235000017537 Vaccinium myrtillus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 235000021014 blueberries Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
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- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical group [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000725135 Capronia sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, and particularly provides a planting method of blueberries. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adjusting the pH of the soil to 4.0-5.5; (2) Mixing the root of the blueberry plant with the rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi solution; (3) planting the blueberry plants obtained in the step (2); (4) After planting, fertilizing the blueberry plants obtained in the step (2), wherein the pure nitrogen dosage of the first nitrogen fertilizer is 9-10 kg/mu each year; the pure phosphorus consumption of the first phosphate fertilizer is 2-3 kg/mu per year; the dosage of pure potassium of the first potassium fertilizer is 10-12 kg/mu each year. (5) And after the fertilization is carried out for 3 to 5 months, topdressing is carried out on the blueberry plants. Compared with the prior art, the planting method is simple and easy to operate, is convenient for the management of the blueberry garden, can enable the transplanting survival rate of the blueberry tree to reach more than 95% and meets the requirement of blueberry planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a planting method of blueberries.
Background
The blueberry belongs to a perennial shrub berry plant of the Vaccinium of the Ericaceae, the blueberry is a root system, has no root hair, weak absorption capacity, and weak salt tolerance, is acid permeable soil which is rich in organic matters, and belongs to an oligotrophic ammonium nitrogen suspensory calcium plant. The blueberry root system is underdeveloped and mainly comprises fibrous fine roots with diameters below 3mm, the main roots are not obvious, and no root hairs grow. Meanwhile, the blueberry root system is shallow in distribution in the soil, is mainly concentrated in a soil layer of 0-20 cm, and the root quantity below 20cm is rapidly reduced along with the increase of the depth. These factors determine the soil environment with weak blueberry root system absorption function, poor drought and waterlogging resistance, loose soil, good wetting, good drainage, heavy acidity and high organic matter content.
The existing blueberry is often subjected to conditions such as root burning and the like caused by improper planting in the cultivation process, and the existing blueberry cultivation method is not accurate and standard enough, so that the blueberry has weak growth situation, low survival rate and long cultivation period in the field planting process, the yield of the blueberry is relatively low, the economic benefit is greatly reduced, and the planting requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a blueberry planting method which is simple and easy to operate and greatly improves the yield and quality of blueberries.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for planting blueberries, comprising:
(1) Regulating the pH of the soil to 4.0-5.5, and keeping the soil humidity to 15% -25%;
(2) Mixing the root of the blueberry plant with the rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi solution;
(3) Planting the blueberry plants obtained in the step (2);
(4) After planting, fertilizing the blueberry plants obtained in the step (2), wherein the pure nitrogen consumption of the first nitrogen fertilizer is 9-10 kg/mu each year; the consumption of pure phosphorus of the first phosphate fertilizer is 2-3 kg/mu each year; the consumption of the pure potassium of the first potash fertilizer is 10-12 kg/mu each year.
(5) After the fertilization is carried out for 3 to 5 months, additional fertilization is carried out on blueberry plants;
The topdressing comprises the following steps: applying a second nitrogenous fertilizer of 4-10 g/mu in the full bloom stage of the blueberry plants; applying a second nitrogenous fertilizer, a second phosphate fertilizer and a second potash fertilizer to the blueberry plants after fruit setting, wherein the total amount of the second nitrogenous fertilizer, the second phosphate fertilizer and the second potash fertilizer is 15-25 g/mu; and applying a second nitrogenous fertilizer, a second phosphate fertilizer and a second potash fertilizer 10 days before harvesting the blueberries, wherein the total amount of the second nitrogenous fertilizer, the second phosphate fertilizer and the second potash fertilizer is 15-25 g/mu.
Preferably, the additional fertilizer comprises: applying 10 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer in the full bloom stage; applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers after fruit setting, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is 10 kg/mu, the phosphorus fertilizer is 3 kg/mu and the potassium fertilizer is 8 kg/mu; and applying a potassium-phosphorus-nitrogen fertilizer 10 days before harvesting, wherein the phosphorus fertilizer is 4 kg/mu, the potassium fertilizer is 10 kg/mu and the nitrogen fertilizer is 4 kg/mu.
Preferably, the concentration of the rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi in the rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi solution is 0.2-0.5 wt%, and more preferably 0.2wt%. The hypha of the rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi forms a network structure in the soil, so that the soil range available for plant root systems is enlarged, and the defect of blueberry root system functions is overcome to a certain extent; in addition, the rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi can effectively improve the mineral nutrition absorption capacity of blueberries, so that plant growth and fruit development are promoted. The inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi can enhance the capability of blueberry plants for absorbing nitrate nitrogen and organic nitrogen, can also enhance the capability of blueberry plants for absorbing nutrient elements such as potassium, sulfur and the like, promote plant growth, increase yield, improve blueberry quality and obviously enhance the content of fruit sugar, protein and peel anthocyanin.
Preferably, the rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi comprises kapton Luo Niya (Capronia sp.).
Preferably, the additional fertilizer specifically includes: mixing fertilizer and water to obtain mixed solution, and topdressing blueberry plants by using the mixed solution; in one embodiment of the invention, the fertilizer is delivered to the root distribution area by drip irrigation. Blueberry belongs to shallow root plants, and fertilizer is often applied to non-root growth areas by a traditional method for deep-trench fertilization of fruit trees.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the second nitrogenous fertilizer to the second phosphate fertilizer to the second potash fertilizer after fruit setting is 1 (0.1-0.5): (0.5-1.5), preferably 1:0.3:0.8; the second nitrogenous fertilizer, the second phosphate fertilizer and the second potash fertilizer are applied 10 days before harvesting, and the mass ratio is 1:1:2.5.
Preferably, the first nitrogen fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate and/or urea; the first phosphate fertilizer comprises calcium phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, preferably calcium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate; the first potash fertilizer comprises potassium sulfate;
The second nitrogen fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate and/or urea; the second phosphate fertilizer comprises calcium phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate, preferably calcium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate; the second potash fertilizer includes potassium sulfate.
Preferably, when the pH of the soil is 5.2-5.5, the first nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate; the second nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate;
when the pH of the soil is 4.0-5.2, the first nitrogen fertilizer is urea; the second nitrogen fertilizer is urea.
Preferably, the soil is ridged before planting, and the width of the ridge is 2.5-3.0 meters.
Preferably, after planting, the fertilized site is on a ridge surface 20 cm from the center of the tree base. The blueberry root system is distributed on the ground surface by 1-20 cm and under the projection of the tree crown, the blueberry fertilization position is mainly the outer edge of the projection of the tree crown so as to induce the root system to develop outwards, the absorption area is enlarged, and the fertilization depth is preferably 2-5 cm.
Preferably, the organic matter content in the soil is 1 to 2wt%, more preferably 1wt% or 2wt%. The soil organic matter is one of main components of soil fertility, and has the functions of reducing the soil volume weight, increasing the soil porosity, improving the soil structure and physicochemical properties and enhancing the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil. Therefore, for blueberries with weak root system function and poor adaptability, the improvement of the organic matter content of the soil has more important significance for stabilizing the water and fertilizer environment of the root soil and ensuring the normal growth of plants.
Preferably, the present invention uses sulphur powder to adjust the pH of the soil to 4.0 to 5.5, more preferably 4.0 to 5.0. The inventors found in the study that soil peracid or alkali both affect dry matter accumulation and hinder plant growth. Too high a pH of the soil often causes the plants to lose green, while too low a pH causes toxic symptoms such as scorch at leaf margin. The pH value of the soil can also influence the accumulation of anthocyanin in fruits, the accumulation of anthocyanin in blueberries is most favorable when the pH value of the soil is in the range of 4.0-5.0, and the accumulation of anthocyanin is inhibited by the peracid (pH value is less than 4.0) or the peracid (pH value is more than 6.0) of the soil.
Preferably, the humidity of the soil is controlled to be 20% -25%. The blueberry root system is mainly fibrous fine root without root hairs, so that the total surface area is small and the absorption capacity is weak. In addition, blueberry root system distribution is shallow, distribution area is little. The composition and distribution characteristics determine that the adaptability of the soil to the soil environment change is limited, so that the water on the surface layer and the deep layer of the soil cannot be fully utilized in drought, and the root zone hypoxia caused by flooding cannot be effectively resisted. Thus maintaining the soil moist to be 20% -25%.
The planting method of the blueberries, disclosed by the invention, further comprises the following steps:
after field planting, weeds in the planting land of the blueberry plants are removed in time, and diseases and insect pests are prevented and controlled and the blueberry plants are trimmed.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the planting method, firstly, soil is improved, an optimal planting environment is provided for survival and later growth and results of blueberries, secondly, the roots of the blueberries are pretreated before planting, namely, the roots are mixed with the azalea mycorrhizal fungi solution, and in a fertilization stage, a mode of applying a base fertilizer and continuously applying a small amount of additional fertilizer in a growing period is adopted, so that the utilization rate of the blueberries to the fertilizer is improved by improving the soil environment of the blueberries, and further, the yield and quality of the blueberries are greatly improved.
(2) The planting method is simple and easy to operate, is convenient for the management of the blueberry garden, meets the requirement of blueberry planting, and can ensure that the transplanting survival rate of the blueberry tree reaches more than 95%, the fruit diameter reaches more than 22mm and the specific gravity reaches more than 1.14g/cm 3 through verification of the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided. The raw materials used in the following examples of the present invention are all commercially available. The rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi adopted in the embodiment of the invention are kaprin Luo Niya (Capronia sp.) and are purchased from Botrytis cinerea biological company with the product number HZB471554.
Example 1
The blueberry planting method of the embodiment is characterized in that the planting site is a planting base of blueberries in Longlong village in Longxiang county of Hunan province, and the planting base belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate, and is clear in four seasons, sufficient in light and heat, abundant in rain and heat, the average temperature of the whole city is 16-17 ℃ in the same season, the sunshine hours of the whole year is 1350-1670 hours, and the organic matter content in soil of the planting base is 1wt%; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Ploughing soil in the beginning of 3 months and with the depth of more than 0.2 meter, regulating the pH value of the soil to 5.0 by using sulfur powder, and keeping the humidity of the soil to 20%.
(2) The root of the 3-year-old blueberry plant is placed in an aqueous solution of rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi, and is soaked for 20min, and the concentration of the rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi in the aqueous solution is 0.2wt%.
(3) Ridging: the width of the ridge is 3 meters, the distance between the planting pits is 0.8 meter, drainage ditches are respectively arranged at the two sides of the ridge, the width of the drainage ditches is 0.9m, and the depth of the drainage ditches is 0.7m; and (3) planting the blueberry plants obtained in the step (2).
(4) And (3) fertilization: the pure nitrogen dosage of the urea nitrogen fertilizer is 9 kg/mu each year; the pure phosphorus consumption of the calcium phosphate (phosphate fertilizer) is 2.7 kg/mu; the dosage of pure potassium of the potassium sulfate fertilizer is 10.8 kg/mu.
(5) Rhizosphere topdressing: mixing fertilizer and water to obtain mixed solution, and conveying the mixed solution to a root system distribution area in a drip irrigation mode, wherein the topdressing stage comprises 3 times: applying 10 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer in the full bloom stage for the 1 st time; applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers after fruit setting for the 2 nd time, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is 10 kg/mu, the phosphorus fertilizer is 3 kg/mu and the potassium fertilizer is 8 kg/mu; and applying a potassium-phosphorus-nitrogen fertilizer 10 days before harvesting for the 3 rd time, wherein the phosphorus fertilizer is 4 kg/mu, the potassium fertilizer is 10 kg/mu and the nitrogen fertilizer is 4 kg/mu.
(6) After field planting, weeds in the planting land of the blueberry plants are removed in time, diseases and insect pests are prevented and controlled, the blueberry plants are trimmed, and the blueberries are harvested in 7 months of the next year.
Example 2
This example refers to the preparation method of example 1, except that the pure nitrogen amount of the first nitrogen fertilizer of this example is 10 kg/mu per year; the pure phosphorus consumption of the first phosphate fertilizer is 3 kg/mu each year; the consumption of pure potassium of the first potash fertilizer is 12 kg/mu each year; and replacing the phosphate fertilizer with monoammonium phosphate.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example was conducted by referring to the production method in example 1, except that the nitrogen fertilizer was replaced with ammonium chloride in this comparative example, and the other control method was conducted by referring to example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example was conducted with reference to the production method of example 1, except that the phosphate fertilizer was replaced with diammonium phosphate in this comparative example, and the other control method was conducted with reference to example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example was conducted with reference to the production method in example 1, except that the potassium fertilizer was replaced with potassium chloride in this comparative example, and the other methods were conducted with reference to example 1.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example the preparation method in reference example 1 was distinguished in that the comparative example was carried out with a pure nitrogen amount of 12 kg/mu of the first nitrogen fertilizer per year; the consumption of pure phosphorus of the first phosphate fertilizer is 5 kg/mu each year; the amount of pure potassium used in the first potash fertilizer per year was 14 kg/mu, and the other methods were carried out in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
The comparative example was conducted with reference to the production method in example 1, except that the concentration of the rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi solution in the step (2) of the comparative example was 0.1% by weight; the other methods were performed in accordance with example 1.
The blueberry planting data obtained in the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the comparative example, the planting method of the embodiment of the invention can enable the transplanting survival rate of the blueberry tree to be more than 95%, the fruit diameter to be more than 22mm and the specific gravity to be more than 1.14g/cm 3.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting blueberries, comprising:
(1) Regulating the pH of the soil to 4.0-5.5, and keeping the soil humidity to 15% -25%;
(2) Mixing the root of the blueberry plant with the rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi solution;
(3) Planting the blueberry plants obtained in the step (2);
(4) After planting, fertilizing the blueberry plants obtained in the step (2), wherein the pure nitrogen dosage of the first nitrogen fertilizer is 9-10 kg/mu each year; the pure phosphorus consumption of the first phosphate fertilizer is 2-3 kg/mu per year; the dosage of pure potassium of the first potassium fertilizer is 10-12 kg/mu each year;
(5) After the fertilization is carried out for 3 to 5 months, additional fertilization is carried out on blueberry plants;
The topdressing comprises the following steps: applying a second nitrogenous fertilizer of 4-10 g/mu in the full bloom stage of the blueberry plants; applying a second nitrogenous fertilizer, a second phosphate fertilizer and a second potash fertilizer to the blueberry plants after fruit setting, wherein the total amount of the second nitrogenous fertilizer, the second phosphate fertilizer and the second potash fertilizer is 15-25 g/mu; and applying a second nitrogenous fertilizer, a second phosphate fertilizer and a second potash fertilizer 10 days before harvesting the blueberries, wherein the total amount of the second nitrogenous fertilizer, the second phosphate fertilizer and the second potash fertilizer is 15-25 g/mu.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi in the rhododendron mycorrhizal fungi solution is 0.2-0.5 wt%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the azalea mycorrhizal fungi comprises kaprin Luo Niya.
4. The method for planting blueberries according to claim 1, wherein said topdressing specifically comprises: mixing the fertilizer with water to obtain a mixed solution, and topdressing the blueberry plants by using the mixed solution.
5. The method for planting blueberries according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the second nitrogenous fertilizer to the second phosphate fertilizer to the second potash fertilizer is 1 (0.1-0.5) (0.5-1.5); and applying a second nitrogenous fertilizer, a second phosphate fertilizer and a second potash fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1 (1-2) to 2-3 10 days before harvesting.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first nitrogen fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate and/or urea; the first phosphate fertilizer comprises calcium phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate; the first potash fertilizer comprises potassium sulfate;
The second nitrogen fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate and/or urea; the second phosphate fertilizer comprises calcium phosphate and/or monoammonium phosphate; the second potash fertilizer includes potassium sulfate.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate when the soil pH is 5.2-5.5; the second nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate;
when the pH of the soil is 4.0-5.2, the first nitrogen fertilizer is urea; the second nitrogen fertilizer is urea.
8. The method for planting blueberries according to claim 1, wherein soil is ridged before planting, and the ridge width is 2.5-3.0 meters;
After planting, the fertilizing position is positioned on the ridge surface 20 cm away from the center of the tree base.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic matter content in the soil is 1-2 wt%.
10. The method of planting blueberries according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the soil is adjusted to 4.0-5.5 using sulphur powder.
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