CN117567193A - Special fertilizer for sorghum, and production method and application method thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for sorghum, and production method and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117567193A CN117567193A CN202311567635.5A CN202311567635A CN117567193A CN 117567193 A CN117567193 A CN 117567193A CN 202311567635 A CN202311567635 A CN 202311567635A CN 117567193 A CN117567193 A CN 117567193A
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- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 25
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- NGWKGSCSHDHHAJ-YPFQVHCOSA-N Liquoric acid Chemical compound C1C[C@H](O)C(C)(C)C2CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)C[C@H]5O[C@@H]([C@](C6)(C)C(O)=O)C[C@@]5(C)[C@@H]6C4=CC(=O)C3[C@]21C NGWKGSCSHDHHAJ-YPFQVHCOSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000014914 Carrier Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209072 Sorghum Species 0.000 description 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a special fertilizer for sorghum, a production method and an application method thereof, wherein the special fertilizer for sorghum is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 250-300 parts of urea, 150-200 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 280-320 parts of potassium chloride, 10-30 parts of magnesium sulfate, 10-15 parts of zinc sulfate, 10-20 parts of silicon fertilizer and 200-230 parts of humic acid type water-soluble organic matters serving as waste of sugar refinery, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 14-8-18. In the application method, the special fertilizer for sorghum is applied to the base fertilizer, and the special fertilizer for sorghum is applied 15-20 days after the fertilizer for sorghum is applied in the period of jointing and booting, the bean pulp fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are supplemented and sprayed, and the silicon element can be promoted to be transported to the top of the sorghum through long-time strong light illumination, so that the tissue hardening of the sorghum is facilitated, the grains are not easy to crack when meeting rain after the sorghum is mature, and the quality of the sorghum is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a special fertilizer for sorghum, a production method and an application method thereof.
Background
Through years of practice and groping, the sorghum variety used for grain planting and brewing in arid and barren plots in the south area accords with the policy, has obvious income of farmers and is a scientific and feasible agricultural development way.
The climate difference between the southern area and the northern area is obvious, the rainwater in the southern area is more, the sorghum grain is thin, if the sorghum grain cannot be timely harvested due to weather reasons after the sorghum grain is ripe, the ripe sorghum grain is easy to crack (crack) when meeting rain, the quality of the sorghum is affected, the tannin and starch content are reduced, the eating and brewing are not facilitated, and the value of the sorghum is greatly reduced. Therefore, how to solve the problem that mature sorghum grains are easy to crack skin (split shell) when meeting rain caused by excessive rain is a difficult problem for planting sorghum in the southern area at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that in the south area, more rainwater exists, sorghum grains are thin in skin, after maturation, if the sorghum grains cannot be timely harvested due to weather reasons, the sorghum grains are easy to crack skin when meeting rain, the quality of sorghum is affected, the content of starch and tannin is reduced, eating and brewing are not facilitated, and the value of sorghum is greatly reduced.
A special fertilizer for sorghum is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
250-300 parts of urea, 150-200 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 280-320 parts of potassium chloride, 10-30 parts of magnesium sulfate, 10-15 parts of zinc sulfate, 10-20 parts of silicon fertilizer and 200-230 parts of humic acid type water-soluble organic matters serving as waste of sugar refinery. Wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is about 14-8-18.
Further, the material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 270 parts of urea, 180 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 300 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of magnesium sulfate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 10 parts of silicon fertilizer and 220 parts of humic acid type water-soluble organic matters serving as waste of sugar refinery.
Furthermore, NPK in humic acid type water-soluble organic matters of the waste of the sugar refinery is more than or equal to 8 weight percent, and the organic matters are more than or equal to 40 weight percent.
Further, in the silicon fertilizer, the silicon dioxide content is more than or equal to 50wt%.
The preparation method of the fertilizer special for sorghum comprises the following steps:
weighing the raw materials according to the formula, pouring the weighed urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and silicon fertilizer into a stirrer for uniform stirring, crushing, feeding into a granulator, spraying humic acid type water-soluble organic matters serving as wastes in sugar factories, performing physical granulation, and sequentially drying and screening to obtain the special fertilizer for sorghum.
The invention also provides an application method for protecting the special fertilizer for sorghum, which comprises the following steps:
applying 15-25 jin of the special fertilizer for sorghum per mu of the base fertilizer, and applying the base fertilizer to the area with the distance of more than 5 cm from the seeds;
10-20 jin of urea is spread in each mu when the seedling height is 20-30 cm;
75-85 jin of special fertilizer for sorghum is applied per mu in the period of jointing and booting;
in addition to the fertilizer application in the growth period, no fertilizer is applied in other growth periods.
Further, when the fertilizer special for sorghum is applied in the jointing booting stage, the fertilizer is applied under the condition that the soil humidity is 75% -80%, the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are sprayed on 15-20 days after the fertilizer is applied, one week after the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are sprayed, the illumination time of each day is required to be not less than 8 hours, and when the illumination time is insufficient, the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are sprayed after two weeks.
Further, the preparation method of the soybean meal fermentation broth comprises the steps of adding 1-3wt% of brown sugar and 0.5wt% of EM bacteria solution into soybean meal, uniformly mixing, adding 10 times of water, sealing, fermenting for half a month, and filtering to remove residues to obtain the soybean meal fermentation stock solution; and diluting the soybean meal fermentation stock solution to obtain the soybean meal fermentation solution.
Further, the soybean meal fermentation liquor is obtained after the soybean meal fermentation liquor is diluted by 20-30 times. And spraying water mist to wet the leaf surfaces of sorghum when the soybean meal fermentation liquid is sprayed each time.
Further, the boric acid aqueous solution spraying method comprises the following steps: the boric acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.1% is adopted to spray the sorghum stems and leaves, and the consumption of each mu is 70-80L.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention combines urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and silicon fertilizer with sugar mill waste molasses, which is rich in biological nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various medium trace elements, and organic matters and humic acid, and is mixed with inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to prepare organic-inorganic fertilizer, so that various nutrient elements are reasonably chelated, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 14-8-18, the proportion is proper, the effect is more stable, the efficiency is higher, the environment is more friendly, the sorghum growth vigor is good, and the stress resistance is strong.
(2) The special fertilizer for sorghum is added with a proper amount of silicon fertilizer, researches show that the drought resistance and lodging resistance of sorghum can be improved by adding silicon, and researches show that the stalk strength is closely related to silicic acid, the formation of siliceous cells is promoted, the tissue hardening can be promoted, and the strength of leaves and stalks is improved. However, the siliceous cell content varies from plant part to plant part and from plant organ to plant organ and the siliceous distribution varies. Long-term cultivation researches show that the silicon fertilizer is only applied to the base fertilizer, the sorghum is strong in resistance to Fu Daoneng, the lodging phenomenon does not occur, but mature sorghum grains are easy to crack after meeting water in rainy season, the silicon fertilizer is applied to the sorghum in the jointing booting stage, the sorghum is strong in lodging resistance, the mature sorghum grains at the middle lower part of the sorghum spike are not easy to crack after meeting water, the shell cracking phenomenon only exists in the sorghum spike tip, the silicon fertilizer is applied in the grouting stage, the shell cracking situation still occurs easily after meeting water in the mature sorghum grains in rainy season, the result shows that the siliceous distribution of different parts of the sorghum plants is different in different silicon fertilizer fertilization periods, and the grain cracking situation of the mature sorghum is different after meeting water. The inventor guesses that the silicon fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer, the silicon is mainly concentrated on the sorghum stalks and the sorghum leaves, the upper part of the sorghum is low in content, so that the sorghum has strong Fu Daoneng resistance, but the mature sorghum grains are easy to crack after absorbing water, the silicon fertilizer is applied in the grouting period, the shell fibers of the sorghum grains are formed, the silicon fertilizer is unfavorable to form, the mature sorghum grains are easy to crack after absorbing water, the silicon fertilizer is applied in the jointing booting period, the time is proper, the silicon can be concentrated on the upper part of the sorghum, and the mature sorghum grains are difficult to crack after absorbing water. Further research shows that in the fertilization technology during the jointing booting stage, the earlier the silicon fertilizer is applied in the jointing booting stage, the lower the cracking rate of mature sorghum grains when meeting water is, probably because the humidity of soil is 75% -80% during fertilization, fertilization under the condition of high humidity soil is favorable for dissolving fertilizer, the distribution of the fertilizer in the sorghum soil root system is promoted, and in the southern area, early fertilization during the jointing booting stage can basically ensure the illumination time of more than 8 hours per day, the sufficient illumination of sorghum can promote the transportation of silicon elements to the top of sorghum, the tissue hardening of the sorghum is facilitated, the mature sorghum grains are not easy to crack after meeting rain and absorb water, and the quality of sorghum is good. The inventor finds that the absorption mechanism of silicon is different from that of different plants, and long-term planting research of the inventor finds that 15-20 days after the silicon fertilizer is used, the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid water solution are used as foliar spray to promote the absorption of silicon, the shell cracking rate of mature sorghum grains after meeting water absorption is lower, and the sorghum spike tip is basically free of shell cracking. The possible reason is that the fermented liquid of bean pulp contains rich amino acid and N fertilizer, and when the fermented liquid is applied together with boric acid, the fermented liquid can synthesize rich silicon carrier protein in plants after being absorbed by the plants, thereby being beneficial to the absorption and transportation of silicon. Under the condition that the soybean meal fermentation liquor and boric acid are not sprayed, the problem of individual shell cracking still exists in the sorghum spike and the grain seeds after the sorghum absorbs water when meeting rain, and the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid are sprayed on the 15 th to 20 th days after a proper amount of silicon fertilizer is applied in the jointing booting stage, so that when the illumination time is insufficient, the problem of easy shell cracking after the mature sorghum grain absorbs water when meeting water can be completely solved, and the problem of shell cracking does not exist even in rainy seasons.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and experiments.
Example 1
A special fertilizer for sorghum is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 300 parts of urea, 150 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 320 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 15 parts of zinc sulfate, 10 parts of silicon fertilizer and 230 parts of humic acid type water-soluble organic matters serving as waste of sugar refinery. NPK in humic acid type water-soluble organic matters of the sugar refinery waste is 8wt% and the organic matters are 40wt%; in the silicon fertilizer, the silicon dioxide content is 50wt%.
A preparation method of a fertilizer special for sorghum comprises the following steps:
weighing the raw materials according to the formula, pouring the weighed urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and silicon fertilizer into a stirrer for uniform stirring, crushing, feeding into a granulator, spraying humic acid type water-soluble organic matters serving as wastes in sugar factories, performing physical granulation, and sequentially drying and screening to obtain the special fertilizer for sorghum.
An application method of a fertilizer special for sorghum comprises the following steps:
applying base fertilizer to the area with the distance of more than 5 cm from the seeds, wherein the base fertilizer is applied with 25 jin of special fertilizer for sorghum per mu;
when the seedling height is 30 cm, 10 jin of urea is spread per mu;
applying 75 jin of fertilizer special for sorghum per mu in the early stage of the jointing booting stage; when the special fertilizer for sorghum is applied, fertilizer is applied under the condition that the soil humidity is 78%, the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are sprayed on the 18 th day after the fertilizer is applied, one week after the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are sprayed, the illumination time of each day is required to be not less than 8 hours, and when the illumination time is insufficient, the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are applied after two weeks. When the bean pulp fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are sprayed, the bean pulp fermentation liquor is sprayed first and then the boric acid aqueous solution is sprayed; the soybean meal fermentation liquid is sprayed with water mist each time to wet the leaf surfaces of sorghum; the spraying method of the boric acid aqueous solution comprises the following steps: the sorghum stems and leaves are sprayed by adopting a boric acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.1 percent, and the usage amount of each mu is 75L. Adding 3wt% of brown sugar and 0.5wt% of EM bacterial liquid into soybean meal, uniformly mixing, adding 10 times of water, sealing and fermenting for half a month, and filtering to remove residues to obtain soybean meal fermentation stock solution; and diluting the soybean meal fermentation stock solution by 30 times to obtain the soybean meal fermentation solution.
In addition to the fertilizer application in the growth period, no fertilizer is applied in other growth periods.
Example 2
A special fertilizer for sorghum is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 250 parts of urea, 200 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 280 parts of potassium chloride, 30 parts of magnesium sulfate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 20 parts of silicon fertilizer and 200 parts of humic acid type water-soluble organic matters serving as waste of sugar refinery. NPK in humic acid type water-soluble organic matters of the sugar refinery waste is 10wt% and the organic matters are 50wt%; in the silicon fertilizer, the silicon dioxide content is 60wt%.
A preparation method of a fertilizer special for sorghum comprises the following steps:
weighing the raw materials according to the formula, pouring the weighed urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and silicon fertilizer into a stirrer for uniform stirring, crushing, feeding into a granulator, spraying humic acid type water-soluble organic matters serving as wastes in sugar factories, performing physical granulation, and sequentially drying and screening to obtain the special fertilizer for sorghum.
An application method of a fertilizer special for sorghum comprises the following steps:
applying base fertilizer to the area with the distance of more than 5 cm from the seeds, wherein the base fertilizer is applied with 15 jin of special fertilizer for sorghum per mu;
when the seedling height is 20 cm, 20 jin of urea is spread per mu;
applying 80 jin of fertilizer special for sorghum per mu in the middle stage of the jointing booting stage; applying the special fertilizer for sorghum, applying fertilizer under the condition that the soil humidity is 75%, spraying the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid water solution on the 15 th day after applying fertilizer, and applying the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid water solution for one week, wherein the illumination time of each day is required to be not less than 8 hours, and applying the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid water solution after two weeks when the illumination time is insufficient; when the bean pulp fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are sprayed, the boric acid aqueous solution is sprayed first and then the bean pulp fermentation liquor is sprayed. The soybean meal fermentation liquid is sprayed with water mist each time to wet the leaf surfaces of sorghum; the boric acid water solution spraying method comprises the following steps: the sorghum stems and leaves are sprayed by adopting a boric acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.1 percent, and the consumption of each mu is 70L. The preparation method of the soybean meal fermentation broth comprises adding 1wt% of brown sugar and 0.5wt% of EM bacterial liquid into soybean meal, uniformly mixing, adding 10 times of water, sealing, fermenting for half a month, and filtering to remove residues to obtain soybean meal fermentation stock solution; and diluting the soybean meal fermentation stock solution by 20 times to obtain the soybean meal fermentation solution.
In addition to the fertilizer application in the growth period, no fertilizer is applied in other growth periods.
Example 3
A special fertilizer for sorghum is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 270 parts of urea, 180 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 300 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of magnesium sulfate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 10 parts of silicon fertilizer and 220 parts of humic acid type water-soluble organic matters serving as waste of sugar refinery. NPK in humic acid type water-soluble organic matters of the sugar refinery waste is 9wt% and the organic matters are 42wt%; in the silicon fertilizer, the silicon dioxide content is 52wt%.
A preparation method of a fertilizer special for sorghum comprises the following steps:
weighing the raw materials according to the formula, pouring the weighed urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and silicon fertilizer into a stirrer for uniform stirring, crushing, feeding into a granulator, spraying humic acid type water-soluble organic matters serving as wastes in sugar factories, performing physical granulation, and sequentially drying and screening to obtain the special fertilizer for sorghum.
An application method of a fertilizer special for sorghum comprises the following steps:
applying base fertilizer to the area with the distance of more than 5 cm from the seeds, wherein 20 jin of the special fertilizer for sorghum is applied to each mu of the base fertilizer;
when the seedling height is 25 cm, 15 jin of urea is spread per mu;
applying 85 jin of fertilizer special for sorghum in the late stage of the jointing booting stage; when the special fertilizer for sorghum is applied, fertilizer is applied under the condition that the soil humidity is 80%, the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the aqueous solution boric acid are sprayed on the 20 th day after the fertilizer is applied, one week after the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid are sprayed, the illumination time of each day is required to be not less than 8 hours, and when the illumination time is insufficient, the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the aqueous solution boric acid are applied after two weeks. When the bean pulp fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are sprayed, boric acid is added into the bean pulp fermentation liquor, and after the mass percentage of the boric acid in the bean pulp fermentation liquor is controlled to be 0.1%, spraying is performed, wherein each spraying is performed by spraying water mist to wet the leaf surfaces of sorghum; adding 2wt% of brown sugar and 0.5wt% of EM bacterial liquid into soybean meal, uniformly mixing, adding 10 times of water, sealing and fermenting for half a month, and filtering to remove residues to obtain soybean meal fermentation stock solution; and diluting the soybean meal fermentation stock solution by 25 times to obtain the soybean meal fermentation solution.
In addition to the fertilizer application in the growth period, no fertilizer is applied in other growth periods.
Control group 1
The formula of the special fertilizer for sorghum in the control group 1 is the same as that of the example 1, and the special fertilizer for sorghum in the control group 1 is prepared by the same method as that of the example 1 in the absence of the silicon fertilizer as compared with the example 1.
Control group 2
The formula and the preparation method of the special fertilizer for sorghum of the control group 2 are the same as those of the example 1, and the fertilization method is basically the same as that of the example 1, except that the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are not sprayed after the special fertilizer for sorghum is applied in the jointing booting stage.
Control group 3
The formula and the preparation method of the special fertilizer for sorghum in the control group 3 are the same as those in the embodiment 1, and the fertilization method is basically the same as that in the embodiment 1, except that the boric acid aqueous solution is sprayed on the 15 th day after the special fertilizer for sorghum is applied in the jointing booting stage, one week after the bean pulp fermentation liquor is sprayed, the daily illumination time is required to be not less than 8 hours, when the illumination time is insufficient, the boric acid aqueous solution is sprayed after two weeks, and the spraying amount of the boric acid aqueous solution is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
Control group 4
The formula and the preparation method of the special fertilizer for sorghum of the control group 4 are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the fertilization method is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the soybean meal fermentation liquor is sprayed on the 15 th day after the special fertilizer for sorghum is applied in the jointing booting stage, one week after the soybean meal fermentation liquor is sprayed, the daily illumination time is required to be not less than 8 hours, when the illumination time is insufficient, the soybean meal fermentation liquor is sprayed after two weeks, and the spraying amount of the soybean meal fermentation liquor is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Control group 5
The formula of the fertilizer special for sorghum of the control group 5 is the same as that of the embodiment 1, the fertilizing method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, the fertilizer special for sorghum is not applied to the control group 5 in the jointing booting stage, the fertilizer special for sorghum is only applied to the base fertilizer and the sorghum in the grouting stage, the applying method is the same as that of the embodiment 1 in the jointing booting stage, namely, the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are sprayed on the 15 th day after the fertilizer special for sorghum is applied to the sorghum in the grouting stage, the day after the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are sprayed, the day illumination time is not less than 8 hours, the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are applied after two weeks, and the spraying amount of the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Control group 6
The formula and the preparation method of the special fertilizer for sorghum of the control group 6 are the same as those of the example 1, and the fertilization method is basically the same as that of the example 1, except that the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are sprayed on the 15 th day after the special fertilizer for sorghum is applied in the jointing booting stage, and the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid aqueous solution are not additionally sprayed after the soybean meal fermentation liquor is sprayed for one week, and the daily illumination time is less than 8 hours.
The seedling raising and transplanting sorghum variety red glutinous rice in Liujiang area in Liuzhou, transplanting sorghum seedlings according to row spacing of 20 x 42cm in late March to early March, dividing land into 9 areas, each area being not less than 0.5 mu, respectively managing fertilization of the whole growth period of sorghum according to fertilization methods in examples 1-3 and control groups 1-6, and disease control and other technologies of sorghum according to the 'red-tassel sorghum high-yield cultivation technology in Guibei area', jiang Yunfei et al, modern agricultural science and technology, 19 th 2015. Sorghum is not harvested after maturation, the cracking condition of sorghum seeds after meeting rain is observed after rain, and the cracking rate of the sorghum is observed and counted (the cracking rate is counted according to a chessboard type sampling method, sorghum ears are picked, the integrity of sorghum seeds on the sorghum ears is observed and counted, the cracking rate=the cracking seed number/the total seed number is 100%), and the starch and tannin content in the sorghum (including cracked sorghum and non-listed sorghum) picked by sampling is detected (starch is measured according to the coarse starch measurement method of grain seeds of GB/T5006-1985, and tannin is measured according to the tannin content of GB/T15686-2008), and the result is shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, example 1 is better than example 2 than example 3. Examples 1 to 3 are superior to control groups 2 to 4, and far superior to control groups 1 and 5. It can be demonstrated from example 1, which is better than example 2, which is better than example 3, that the earlier the silicon fertilizer is applied in the jointing booting stage, the less easily the sorghum grains are cracked when absorbing water, and the problem of easy cracking of the sorghum still cannot be solved from the unsuitable silicon fertilizer application timing as compared with the control group 5 in example 1. Compared with the control group 1, the example 1 shows that under the condition that the silicon fertilizer is not applied, the sorghum is easy to crack when meeting water after being ripened, the starch and tannin content of the sorghum are low, compared with the control group 2-control group 4, the example 1 shows that the soybean meal fermentation liquor and boric acid are both favorable for absorbing the silicon fertilizer and facilitating the transportation of the silicon fertilizer to the sorghum ears, but the soybean meal fermentation liquor and boric acid can obviously reduce the cracking rate of the sorghum when being applied together, so that the transportation of silicon to the top of the sorghum can be promoted by the cooperation of the soybean meal fermentation liquor and boric acid, and the effect of solving the cracking problem of the sorghum is better. As is clear from the comparison between example 1 and control group 6, the additional application of the soybean meal fermentation broth and boric acid further reduced the cracking rate of sorghum when the light was insufficient. In conclusion, the silicon fertilizer is applied in the jointing booting stage, and the soybean meal fermentation liquor and the boric acid are applied in the 15 th to 20 th of the fertilization, so that under the condition of insufficient illumination after fertilization, the crack rate of mature sorghum after meeting water and absorbing water can be reduced, the technical problem of easy crack of the sorghum due to more rainwater in the south area is facilitated, and the effect is remarkable.
The foregoing description is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present invention should be construed to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The special fertilizer for the sorghum is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
250-300 parts of urea, 150-200 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 280-320 parts of potassium chloride, 10-30 parts of magnesium sulfate, 10-15 parts of zinc sulfate, 10-20 parts of silicon fertilizer and 200-230 parts of humic acid type water-soluble organic matters serving as waste of sugar refinery.
2. The special fertilizer for sorghum according to claim 1, which is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 270 parts of urea, 180 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 300 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of magnesium sulfate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 10 parts of silicon fertilizer and 220 parts of humic acid type water-soluble organic matters serving as waste of sugar refinery.
3. The special fertilizer for sorghum according to claim 1, wherein NPK in humic acid type water-soluble organic matters in sugar refinery waste is more than or equal to 8wt% and organic matters are more than or equal to 40wt%.
4. The special fertilizer for sorghum according to claim 1, wherein the silicon fertilizer has a silicon dioxide content of not less than 50wt%.
5. A method for preparing a fertilizer specially adapted for sorghum as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
weighing the raw materials according to the formula, pouring the weighed urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and silicon fertilizer into a stirrer for uniform stirring, crushing, feeding into a granulator, spraying humic acid type water-soluble organic matters serving as wastes in sugar factories, performing physical granulation, and sequentially drying and screening to obtain the special fertilizer for sorghum.
6. A method of applying a fertilizer specially adapted for sorghum as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein it is applied in accordance with the following method:
applying 15-25 jin of the special fertilizer for sorghum per mu of the base fertilizer, and applying the base fertilizer to the area with the distance of more than 5 cm from the seeds;
10-20 jin of urea is spread in each mu when the seedling height is 20-30 cm;
75-85 jin of special fertilizer for sorghum is applied per mu in the period of jointing and booting;
in addition to the fertilizer application in the growth period, no fertilizer is applied in other growth periods.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the fertilizer is applied under the condition of 75-80% soil humidity, the soybean meal fermentation liquid and boric acid aqueous solution are sprayed on 15-20 days after fertilization, one week after spraying the soybean meal fermentation liquid and boric acid aqueous solution is required to ensure that the illumination time is not less than 8 hours per day, and the soybean meal fermentation liquid and boric acid aqueous solution are sprayed after two weeks when the illumination time is insufficient.
8. The method for applying fertilizer special for sorghum according to claim 7, wherein the preparation method of the soybean meal fermentation broth comprises the steps of adding 1-3wt% of brown sugar and 0.5wt% of EM bacteria solution into soybean meal, uniformly mixing, adding 10 times of water, sealing and fermenting for half a month, and filtering to remove residues to obtain the soybean meal fermentation stock solution; and diluting the soybean meal fermentation stock solution to obtain the soybean meal fermentation solution.
9. The method for applying fertilizer for sorghum according to claim 8, wherein the soybean meal fermentation liquid is obtained after the soybean meal fermentation liquid is diluted 20-30 times.
10. The method for applying a fertilizer special for sorghum according to claim 7, wherein the method for spraying the boric acid aqueous solution is as follows: the boric acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.1% is adopted to spray the sorghum stems and leaves, and the consumption of each mu is 70-80L.
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