CN117865732A - Efficient fertilizer composting method based on garden waste and organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Efficient fertilizer composting method based on garden waste and organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117865732A CN117865732A CN202311838175.5A CN202311838175A CN117865732A CN 117865732 A CN117865732 A CN 117865732A CN 202311838175 A CN202311838175 A CN 202311838175A CN 117865732 A CN117865732 A CN 117865732A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- garden waste
- composting method
- raw material
- edible fungi
- efficient
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000010921 garden waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000985513 Penicillium oxalicum Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000000588 Hericium erinaceus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007328 Hericium erinaceus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001603 Pleurotus ostreatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000001462 Pleurotus ostreatus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930000044 secondary metabolite Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于园林废弃物的高效肥料化堆肥方法及有机肥，所述高效肥料化堆肥方法包括以下步骤：步骤1，将园林废弃物粉碎为屑状，以此为基质栽培食用菌或者接种木质纤维素降解菌使其转化为菌糠或预降解产物；步骤2，将步骤1得到的菌糠或预降解产物进行粉碎，然后与畜禽粪便按照比例进行混合，调控含水率与C/N比，形成堆肥原料；步骤3，将步骤2得到的堆肥原料进行发酵，发酵完成后进行干燥得到有机肥。本发明发酵速度快，质量高，可实现园林废弃物的高效资源化循环利用。The invention discloses a high-efficiency fertilizer composting method and organic fertilizer based on garden waste, and the high-efficiency fertilizer composting method comprises the following steps: step 1, crushing the garden waste into crumbs, using the crumbs as a substrate to cultivate edible fungi or inoculate lignocellulose degrading fungi to convert them into fungus bran or pre-degradation products; step 2, crushing the fungus bran or pre-degradation products obtained in step 1, and then mixing them with livestock and poultry manure according to a proportion, adjusting the moisture content and C/N ratio, and forming a compost raw material; step 3, fermenting the compost raw material obtained in step 2, and drying after the fermentation is completed to obtain organic fertilizer. The invention has fast fermentation speed and high quality, and can realize efficient resource recycling of garden waste.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及堆肥技术领域，特别是涉及一种基于园林废弃物的高效肥料化堆肥方法及有机肥。The invention relates to the technical field of composting, and in particular to a high-efficiency fertilizer composting method based on garden waste and organic fertilizer.
背景技术Background technique
因城镇化扩张以及城市居民对市区绿化要求逐渐增高，近年来全国城市建成区绿化覆盖率由38.6％上升到42.4％，2021年城市人均公园绿地面积14.8m2，随之而来的产生的园林废弃物的数量逐年增加，对园林废弃物进行资源化利用可降低其带来的环境、水体和大气的污染风险，其中进行有机肥的生产是一种高效、环保的方式。Due to the expansion of urbanization and the increasing requirements of urban residents for urban greening, the green coverage rate of urban built-up areas across the country has increased from 38.6% to 42.4% in recent years. In 2021, the per capita park green space in cities was 14.8m2 . The amount of garden waste generated has increased year by year. The resource utilization of garden waste can reduce the pollution risks of the environment, water bodies and atmosphere brought by it. Among them, the production of organic fertilizer is an efficient and environmentally friendly way.
园林废弃物具有孔隙度高、含水率低、C/N高且木质纤维素含量高的特点，不利于被微生物分解利用，影响堆肥的发酵速率。一种可将园林废弃物再次资源化利用的高效堆肥方法亟待进一步研究和开发。Garden waste has the characteristics of high porosity, low water content, high C/N and high lignocellulose content, which are not conducive to decomposition and utilization by microorganisms, affecting the fermentation rate of compost. An efficient composting method that can reuse garden waste as a resource needs further research and development.
菌糠是利用木屑、玉米秆、秸秆等多种粗纤维物质为主要原料培养食用菌后的废弃物，含有食用菌菌体蛋白、次生代谢物和微量元素等微生物，其中在栽培使用食用菌时，其分泌的物质可以分解培养基质中的木质纤维素，降低菌糠的木质纤维素含量。菌糠作为一种富含碳元素的基质，长期堆放易霉变，霉变的菌糠不宜作二次栽培料，作为饲料原料其安全性也存有一定隐患。因此，堆肥使用是菌糠资源化利用的最佳模式。Mushroom bran is the waste product after cultivating edible fungi using sawdust, corn stalks, straw and other crude fiber materials as the main raw materials. It contains edible fungi protein, secondary metabolites and trace elements and other microorganisms. When edible fungi are cultivated and used, the substances secreted by them can decompose the lignocellulose in the culture matrix and reduce the lignocellulose content of the mushroom bran. As a matrix rich in carbon elements, mushroom bran is prone to mildew when piled for a long time. Moldy mushroom bran is not suitable for secondary cultivation material, and its safety as a feed raw material also has certain hidden dangers. Therefore, composting is the best mode of resource utilization of mushroom bran.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中存在的园林废弃物堆肥发酵速率慢的技术缺陷，而提供一种基于园林废弃物的高效肥料化堆肥方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency fertilizer composting method based on garden waste in view of the technical defect of slow composting fermentation rate of garden waste in the prior art.
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种利用所述高效肥料化堆肥方法得到的有机肥。Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic fertilizer obtained by utilizing the high-efficiency fertilizer composting method.
为实现本发明的目的所采用的技术方案是：The technical solution adopted to achieve the purpose of the present invention is:
一种基于园林废弃物的高效肥料化堆肥方法，包括以下步骤：A high-efficiency fertilizer composting method based on garden waste comprises the following steps:
步骤1，将园林废弃物粉碎为屑状，以此为基质栽培食用菌使其转化为菌糠，或者以粉碎后的园林废弃物作为基质接种木质纤维素降解菌使其转化为预降解产物；Step 1, crushing the garden waste into crumbs, using the crumbs as a substrate to cultivate edible fungi to convert them into fungus bran, or using the crushed garden waste as a substrate to inoculate lignocellulose-degrading bacteria to convert them into pre-degradation products;
步骤2，将步骤1得到的菌糠或预降解产物进行粉碎，然后与畜禽粪便按照比例进行混合，调控含水率与C/N比，形成堆肥原料；Step 2, crushing the fungus bran or pre-degradation product obtained in step 1, and then mixing it with livestock and poultry manure in proportion, adjusting the moisture content and C/N ratio, to form a compost raw material;
步骤3，将步骤2得到的堆肥原料进行发酵，发酵完成后进行干燥得到有机肥。Step 3, fermenting the compost raw material obtained in step 2, and drying it after the fermentation is completed to obtain organic fertilizer.
在上述技术方案中，所述高效肥料化堆肥方法还包括步骤4，造粒。In the above technical solution, the high-efficiency fertilizer composting method also includes step 4, granulation.
在上述技术方案中，所述步骤1中，所述食用菌为平菇、猴头菇，栽培食用菌时的基质中包括70-75质量份的麸皮、20-30质量份的破碎后的园林废弃物、1-5质量份石膏，接种量为3-5％，所述接种量为干物种，栽培食用菌的菌丝培养时间为25-30天，出菇时间为5-7个月。In the above technical scheme, in the step 1, the edible fungi are oyster mushrooms and hericium erinaceus, the matrix for cultivating edible fungi includes 70-75 parts by weight of bran, 20-30 parts by weight of crushed garden waste, and 1-5 parts by weight of gypsum, the inoculation amount is 3-5%, and the inoculation amount is for dry species. The mycelium culture time for cultivating edible fungi is 25-30 days, and the mushroom fruiting time is 5-7 months.
在上述技术方案中，所述步骤1中，所述木质纤维素降解菌为草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)或米曲霉(Aspergillusoryzae)，向破碎后的园林废弃物中接种包括草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)和/或米曲霉(Aspergillusoryzae)的菌剂，将其转化为预降解产物。In the above technical solution, in step 1, the lignocellulose degrading bacteria are Penicillium oxalicum or Aspergillus oryzae, and a bacterial agent including Penicillium oxalicum and/or Aspergillus oryzae is inoculated into the crushed garden waste to convert it into a pre-degradation product.
在上述技术方案中，所述步骤2中，菌糠粉碎后的长度为1-3cm。In the above technical solution, in step 2, the length of the crushed mushroom bran is 1-3 cm.
在上述技术方案中，所述步骤2中，菌糠或者预降解产物与畜禽粪便的质量比为3-3.5：1，且堆肥原料中C/N比控制在25-30。In the above technical solution, in step 2, the mass ratio of fungus bran or pre-degradation product to livestock and poultry manure is 3-3.5:1, and the C/N ratio in the compost raw material is controlled at 25-30.
在上述技术方案中，所述步骤2中，所述畜禽粪便为鲜牛粪，以此来控制物料的C/N比以及利用牛粪中丰富的微生物等。In the above technical solution, in step 2, the livestock and poultry manure is fresh cow manure, so as to control the C/N ratio of the material and utilize the rich microorganisms in the cow manure.
在上述技术方案中，所述步骤3中，将堆肥原料置于密闭的反应器中进行发酵，反应器的通风频率为0.02L/min·kg DM，所述反应器中设有曝气装置以及温度与氧气探头，温度与氧气探头用于实时测定发酵过程中堆体的温度与氧气变化。In the above technical solution, in step 3, the compost raw materials are placed in a closed reactor for fermentation. The ventilation frequency of the reactor is 0.02L/min·kg DM. The reactor is provided with an aeration device and a temperature and oxygen probe. The temperature and oxygen probe are used to measure the temperature and oxygen changes of the pile in real time during the fermentation process.
在上述技术方案中，所述步骤4中，造粒机的筛网目筛为2-6mm。In the above technical solution, in step 4, the mesh size of the granulator is 2-6 mm.
本发明的另一方面，还包括一种基于所述高效肥料化堆肥方法制备得到的有机肥。Another aspect of the present invention also includes an organic fertilizer prepared based on the high-efficiency fertilizer composting method.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1.本发明将以园林废弃物为基质栽培食用菌或者接种木质纤维素降解菌，使其转化为菌糠，再与畜禽粪便混合均匀成原料，置于密闭堆肥高温反应器中进行发酵处理，先后调节原料的含水量与C/N比进行更好的发酵，发酵成熟后进行检测，合格后进行造粒和包装处理，以此来制成有机肥。1. The present invention uses garden waste as a matrix to cultivate edible fungi or inoculate lignocellulose-degrading bacteria to convert them into fungus bran, which is then evenly mixed with livestock and poultry manure to form a raw material, which is placed in a closed composting high-temperature reactor for fermentation treatment, and the water content and C/N ratio of the raw materials are adjusted in turn for better fermentation. After fermentation maturity, the raw materials are tested, and granulated and packaged after they are qualified, so as to produce organic fertilizer.
2.本发明利用以园林废弃物为基质的菌糠进行好氧发酵，腐殖质含量高于直接利用园林废弃物进行肥料化处理，以此来改善发酵的质量，进而促进堆肥养分的释放，提高植物对养分的利用率。2. The present invention utilizes fungus bran with garden waste as the matrix for aerobic fermentation, and the humus content is higher than that of directly utilizing garden waste for fertilizer treatment, thereby improving the fermentation quality, further promoting the release of compost nutrients, and improving the utilization rate of nutrients by plants.
3.本发明得到的有机肥用于土地复垦土壤改良剂或园林育苗栽培基质等方面，推动园林废弃物的高效资源化循环利用，实现生物质源于自然归于自然的循环利用。3. The organic fertilizer obtained by the present invention is used as a soil conditioner for land reclamation or a garden seedling cultivation medium, etc., to promote the efficient resource recycling of garden waste and realize the recycling of biomass from nature to nature.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
一种基于园林废弃物的高效肥料化堆肥方法，包括以下步骤：A high-efficiency fertilizer composting method based on garden waste comprises the following steps:
步骤1，将园林废弃物粉碎为屑状，以此为基质栽培食用菌使其转化为菌糠：Step 1: crush the garden waste into crumbs, and use them as a substrate to cultivate edible fungi to convert them into fungus bran:
园林废弃物收集后对其进行筛分，修剪后的树枝和树叶，粉碎后呈屑状备用；利用80％麸皮、19％破碎后的园林废弃物、1％石膏栽培平菇，接种量为5％(干物重)，培养后，菌丝培养时间1个月左右，出菇约6个月。Garden waste is collected and screened, and the pruned branches and leaves are crushed into crumbs for later use; 80% bran, 19% crushed garden waste, and 1% gypsum are used to cultivate oyster mushrooms, with an inoculation amount of 5% (dry weight). After cultivation, the mycelium culture time is about 1 month, and the mushrooms are produced in about 6 months.
步骤2，将步骤1得到的菌糠进行粉碎，然后与畜禽粪便按照比例进行混合，调控含水率与C/N比，形成堆肥原料：Step 2, crushing the fungus bran obtained in step 1, and then mixing it with livestock and poultry manure in proportion, adjusting the moisture content and C/N ratio, to form a compost raw material:
菌糠进行粉碎性处理，粒径约为0.5-1cm。畜禽粪便采用当天新鲜的牛粪，利用15kg的菌糠与5kg的牛粪组成的原料，且该原料的C/N比控制在24，含水量控制在55％。The mushroom bran is crushed to a particle size of about 0.5-1 cm. The livestock and poultry manure is fresh cow dung of the day, and the raw material is composed of 15 kg of mushroom bran and 5 kg of cow dung, and the C/N ratio of the raw material is controlled at 24 and the water content is controlled at 55%.
步骤3，将步骤2得到的堆肥原料进行发酵，发酵完成后进行干燥得到有机肥：Step 3, fermenting the compost raw material obtained in step 2, and drying it after fermentation to obtain organic fertilizer:
将混合好的堆肥原料放入50L的密闭反应器中，该反应器装有曝气装置，通风量设置为0.02L/min·kg DM，持续曝气，每周翻堆，共需发酵56天。The mixed compost raw materials were placed in a 50L closed reactor equipped with an aeration device. The ventilation rate was set to 0.02L/min·kg DM. Aeration was continued and the compost was turned weekly. The total fermentation period was 56 days.
待发酵完成后，将反应器内的原料置于烘干机内进行干燥处理，且将原料的含水量控制在15％，并且对其进行各项成分指标标的检测；After the fermentation is completed, the raw materials in the reactor are placed in a dryer for drying, and the water content of the raw materials is controlled at 15%, and various component indicators are tested;
步骤4，造粒：Step 4, granulation:
将检测合格的原料置于造粒机内，使原料受挤压形成颗粒，待自然降温且风干后，以此得到颗粒状的有机肥料；The qualified raw materials are placed in a granulator to be squeezed into granules, and then naturally cooled and air-dried to obtain granular organic fertilizers;
经上述方法后生产出的有机肥料结果如下：The results of the organic fertilizer produced by the above method are as follows:
有机质含量77.53％；pH值6.86；种子发芽指数130％；腐殖质含量124.45g/kg；腐殖酸含量92.37g/kg；纤维素降解率55.43％；半纤维素降解率52.09％。Organic matter content: 77.53%; pH value: 6.86; seed germination index: 130%; humus content: 124.45g/kg; humic acid content: 92.37g/kg; cellulose degradation rate: 55.43%; hemicellulose degradation rate: 52.09%.
实施例2Example 2
一种基于园林废弃物的高效肥料化堆肥方法，包括以下步骤：A high-efficiency fertilizer composting method based on garden waste comprises the following steps:
步骤1，将园林废弃物粉碎为屑状，以此为基质栽培食用菌使其转化为菌糠：Step 1: crush the garden waste into crumbs, and use them as a substrate to cultivate edible fungi to convert them into fungus bran:
园林废弃物收集后对其进行筛分，修剪后的树枝和树叶，粉碎后呈屑状备用，利用80％麸皮、19％破碎后的园林废弃物、1％石膏栽培猴头菇，接种量为5％(干物重)，培养后，菌丝培养时间1个月左右，出菇约6个月。After the garden waste is collected, it is screened. The pruned branches and leaves are crushed into crumbs for later use. 80% bran, 19% crushed garden waste and 1% gypsum are used to cultivate Hericium erinaceus. The inoculation amount is 5% (dry weight). After cultivation, the mycelium culture time is about 1 month and the mushrooms are produced in about 6 months.
步骤2，将步骤1得到的菌糠进行粉碎，然后与畜禽粪便按照比例进行混合，调控含水率与C/N比，形成堆肥原料：Step 2, crushing the fungus bran obtained in step 1, and then mixing it with livestock and poultry manure in proportion, adjusting the moisture content and C/N ratio, to form a compost raw material:
菌糠进行粉碎性处理，粒径约为0.5-1cm。畜禽粪便采当天新鲜的牛粪，利用15kg的园林废弃物与5kg的牛粪组成的原料，且该原料的C/N比控制在24，含水量控制在55％。The mushroom dregs are crushed to a particle size of about 0.5-1 cm. The livestock and poultry manure is fresh cow dung of the day, and the raw materials are composed of 15 kg of garden waste and 5 kg of cow dung. The C/N ratio of the raw material is controlled at 24, and the water content is controlled at 55%.
步骤3，将步骤2得到的堆肥原料进行发酵，发酵完成后进行干燥得到有机肥：Step 3, fermenting the compost raw material obtained in step 2, and drying it after fermentation to obtain organic fertilizer:
将混合好的堆肥原料放入50L的密闭反应器中，该反应器装有曝气装置，通风量设置为0.02L/min·kg DM，持续曝气，每周翻堆，共需发酵56天。The mixed compost raw materials were placed in a 50L closed reactor equipped with an aeration device. The ventilation rate was set to 0.02L/min·kg DM. Aeration was continued and the compost was turned weekly. The total fermentation period was 56 days.
待发酵完成后，将反应器内的原料置于烘干机内进行干燥处理，且将原料的含水量控制在15％，随后对原料进行粉碎处理，并且对其进行各项成分指标标的检测；After the fermentation is completed, the raw materials in the reactor are placed in a dryer for drying, and the water content of the raw materials is controlled at 15%. The raw materials are then crushed and tested for various component indicators.
步骤4，造粒：Step 4, granulation:
将检测合格的原料置于造粒机内，使原料受挤压形成颗粒，待自然降温且风干后，以此得到颗粒状的有机肥料；The qualified raw materials are placed in a granulator to be squeezed into granules, and then naturally cooled and air-dried to obtain granular organic fertilizers;
经上述方法后生产出的有机肥料结果如下：The results of the organic fertilizer produced by the above method are as follows:
有机质含量76.32％；pH值7.26；种子发芽指数120％；腐殖质含量177.32g/kg；腐殖酸含量139.73g/kg；纤维素降解率65.23％；半纤维素降解率81.43％。Organic matter content: 76.32%; pH value: 7.26; seed germination index: 120%; humus content: 177.32g/kg; humic acid content: 139.73g/kg; cellulose degradation rate: 65.23%; hemicellulose degradation rate: 81.43%.
实施例3Example 3
一种基于园林废弃物的高效肥料化堆肥方法，包括以下步骤：A high-efficiency fertilizer composting method based on garden waste comprises the following steps:
步骤1，将园林废弃物粉碎为屑状，以此为基质接种木质纤维素降解菌使其转化为预降解产物：Step 1: crush the garden waste into crumbs, and use them as a substrate to inoculate lignocellulose-degrading bacteria to convert them into pre-degradation products:
园林废弃物收集后对其进行筛分，修剪后的树枝和树叶，粉碎后呈屑状备用；利用破碎后的园林废弃物接种草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)，向每千克园林废弃物中加入30ml上述菌液，于25℃下，培养30天。After the garden waste is collected, it is screened, and the pruned branches and leaves are crushed into crumbs for later use; the crushed garden waste is inoculated with Penicillium oxalicum, and 30 ml of the above bacterial solution is added to each kilogram of garden waste, and cultured at 25°C for 30 days.
步骤2，将步骤1得到的预降解产物进行粉碎，然后与畜禽粪便按照比例进行混合，调控含水率与C/N比，形成堆肥原料；Step 2, crushing the pre-degradation product obtained in step 1, and then mixing it with livestock and poultry manure in proportion, adjusting the moisture content and C/N ratio, to form a compost raw material;
步骤3，将步骤2得到的堆肥原料进行发酵，发酵完成后进行干燥得到有机肥。Step 3, fermenting the compost raw material obtained in step 2, and drying it after the fermentation is completed to obtain organic fertilizer.
将混合好的堆肥原料放入50L的密闭反应器中，该反应器装有曝气装置，通风量设置为0.2L/min·kg DM，持续曝气，每周翻堆，共需发酵35天。The mixed compost raw materials were placed in a 50L closed reactor equipped with an aeration device. The ventilation rate was set to 0.2L/min·kg DM. Aeration was continued and the compost was turned weekly. The total fermentation period was 35 days.
步骤4，造粒：Step 4, granulation:
将检测合格的原料置于造粒机内，使原料受挤压形成颗粒，待自然降温且风干后，以此得到颗粒状的有机肥料；The qualified raw materials are placed in a granulator to be squeezed into granules, and then naturally cooled and air-dried to obtain granular organic fertilizers;
经上述方法后生产出的有机肥料结果如下：The results of the organic fertilizer produced by the above method are as follows:
有机质含量74.2％；pH值7.26；腐殖质含量117.2g/kg；腐殖酸含量91.3g/kg；纤维素降解率63.5％；半纤维素降解率74.9％。Organic matter content: 74.2%; pH value: 7.26; humus content: 117.2g/kg; humic acid content: 91.3g/kg; cellulose degradation rate: 63.5%; hemicellulose degradation rate: 74.9%.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出的是，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311838175.5A CN117865732A (en) | 2023-12-28 | 2023-12-28 | Efficient fertilizer composting method based on garden waste and organic fertilizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311838175.5A CN117865732A (en) | 2023-12-28 | 2023-12-28 | Efficient fertilizer composting method based on garden waste and organic fertilizer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117865732A true CN117865732A (en) | 2024-04-12 |
Family
ID=90596226
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311838175.5A Pending CN117865732A (en) | 2023-12-28 | 2023-12-28 | Efficient fertilizer composting method based on garden waste and organic fertilizer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117865732A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-12-28 CN CN202311838175.5A patent/CN117865732A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106518400B (en) | A kind of method that flowers matrix is prepared by raw material of agricultural wastes | |
| CN101209933B (en) | Refined biological organic fertilizer and its preparing process | |
| CN102617208B (en) | Edible fungus residue organic fertilizer raw materials and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102898189A (en) | Method for producing functional biological organic base fertilizer by using poultry excrement | |
| CN104591905A (en) | Biological organic fertilizer | |
| CN101024591A (en) | Method for producing organic fertilizer using microbe bacteria to quick fer menting pig's feces | |
| CN105165731A (en) | Method for preparing high-quality wormcast | |
| CN110622824A (en) | Vegetable seedling culture medium prepared from agricultural and forestry wastes | |
| CN111646860A (en) | Organic fertilizer and production process thereof | |
| CN108911892A (en) | A kind of sheep dung organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104387135A (en) | Method for producing functional biological organic base fertilizer by using chicken manure | |
| CN107836574A (en) | A kind of earthworm breeding material and preparation method and application | |
| CN104744088A (en) | Method for producing organic fertilizer by using mushroom residues as main raw material | |
| CN106518401B (en) | Preparation method of seedling raising substrate for mechanically-transplanted rice | |
| CN111972254A (en) | Method for producing seedling raising substrate by using vegetable straw compost | |
| CN116874335A (en) | Sheep manure bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113461463A (en) | High-efficiency livestock and poultry manure composting method | |
| CN104177133A (en) | A kind of technology that utilizes pig manure to make active phosphorus organic fertilizer | |
| CN112759436A (en) | Method for producing organic fertilizer by treating manure through static composting of biomass combined with molecular membrane | |
| CN112457076A (en) | Formula for preparing organic fertilizer and method for preparing organic fertilizer by using same | |
| CN111436350A (en) | Nutrient soil for household pot culture prepared from agricultural, pastoral and forestry waste and urban waste soil | |
| CN111410569A (en) | Biological composting method for garden waste | |
| CN110156501A (en) | A kind of organic fertilizer produced based on garden waste and fungus chaff and its preparation method | |
| CN1460664A (en) | Livnocellulose solid wastes composting decomposition-promoting composite bacterial preparation | |
| CN110981616A (en) | Preparation method of special substrate for safe seedling culture |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |