CN117865732A - Efficient fertilizer composting method based on garden waste and organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Efficient fertilizer composting method based on garden waste and organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN117865732A CN117865732A CN202311838175.5A CN202311838175A CN117865732A CN 117865732 A CN117865732 A CN 117865732A CN 202311838175 A CN202311838175 A CN 202311838175A CN 117865732 A CN117865732 A CN 117865732A
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- 239000010921 garden waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000985513 Penicillium oxalicum Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000000588 Hericium erinaceus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007328 Hericium erinaceus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001603 Pleurotus ostreatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000001462 Pleurotus ostreatus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000228143 Penicillium Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930000044 secondary metabolite Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000002364 soil amendment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a garden waste-based efficient composting method and an organic fertilizer, wherein the efficient composting method comprises the following steps: step 1, crushing garden waste into scraps, and cultivating edible fungi by taking the scraps as a matrix or inoculating lignocellulose degrading bacteria to convert the edible fungi into fungus chaff or a pre-degradation product; step 2, crushing the fungus chaff or the pre-degradation product obtained in the step 1, and then mixing the crushed fungus chaff or the pre-degradation product with livestock manure according to a proportion, and regulating the water content and the C/N ratio to form a compost raw material; and 3, fermenting the compost raw material obtained in the step 2, and drying after fermentation to obtain the organic fertilizer. The invention has fast fermentation speed and high quality, and can realize the efficient recycling of garden waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composting, in particular to a high-efficiency composting method based on garden waste and an organic fertilizer.
Background
As urban expansion and urban residents have gradually increased requirements on urban greening, the greening coverage rate of the national urban built-up area in recent years is increased from 38.6% to 42.4%, and the urban people average park in 2021 is greenFloor area 14.8m 2 The number of the generated garden wastes is increased year by year, and the environment, water and atmosphere pollution risks brought by the garden wastes can be reduced by recycling the garden wastes, wherein the production of the organic fertilizer is an efficient and environment-friendly mode.
The garden waste has the characteristics of high porosity, low water content, high C/N and high lignocellulose content, is not beneficial to being decomposed and utilized by microorganisms, and affects the fermentation rate of the compost. Further research and development of an efficient composting method capable of reutilizing garden wastes is needed.
The fungus chaff is waste obtained by culturing edible fungi by taking a plurality of crude fiber substances such as sawdust, cornstalks, straws and the like as main raw materials, and contains edible fungus protein, secondary metabolites, trace elements and other microorganisms, wherein when the edible fungi are used for culturing, substances secreted by the edible fungi can decompose lignocellulose in a culture medium, so that the lignocellulose content of the fungus chaff is reduced. The fungus chaff is used as a matrix rich in carbon elements, is easy to mold after long-term stacking, is not suitable for being used as a secondary cultivation material, and has certain hidden trouble in safety when being used as a feed raw material. Therefore, composting is the best mode for resource utilization of fungus chaff.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency composting method based on garden waste aiming at the technical defect of slow composting fermentation rate of the garden waste in the prior art.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic fertilizer obtained by using the efficient composting method.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a high-efficiency fertilizer composting method based on garden waste comprises the following steps:
step 1, crushing garden waste into scraps, and cultivating edible fungi by using the scraps as a matrix to convert the edible fungi into fungus chaff, or inoculating lignocellulose degrading bacteria by using the crushed garden waste as a matrix to convert the lignocellulose degrading bacteria into pre-degradation products;
step 2, crushing the fungus chaff or the pre-degradation product obtained in the step 1, and then mixing the crushed fungus chaff or the pre-degradation product with livestock manure according to a proportion, and regulating the water content and the C/N ratio to form a compost raw material;
and 3, fermenting the compost raw material obtained in the step 2, and drying after fermentation to obtain the organic fertilizer.
In the technical scheme, the high-efficiency fertilizer composting method further comprises a step 4 of granulating.
In the above technical scheme, in the step 1, the edible fungi are oyster mushrooms and hericium erinaceus, the substrate for cultivating the edible fungi comprises 70-75 parts by mass of bran, 20-30 parts by mass of crushed garden waste and 1-5 parts by mass of gypsum, the inoculation amount is 3-5%, the inoculation amount is dry species, the hypha cultivation time for cultivating the edible fungi is 25-30 days, and the fruiting time is 5-7 months.
In the above technical scheme, in the step 1, the lignocellulose degrading bacteria are penicillium oxalicum (Penicillium oxalicum) or aspergillus oryzae (aspergillus oryzae), and the crushed garden waste is inoculated with a microbial inoculum comprising penicillium oxalicum (Penicillium oxalicum) and/or aspergillus oryzae (aspergillus oryzae) to be converted into the pre-degradation product.
In the above technical scheme, in the step 2, the length of the pulverized fungus chaff is 1-3cm.
In the above technical scheme, in the step 2, the mass ratio of the fungus chaff or the pre-degradation product to the livestock manure is 3-3.5:1, and the C/N ratio in the compost raw material is controlled to be 25-30.
In the above technical scheme, in the step 2, the livestock manure is fresh cow manure, so as to control the C/N ratio of the material and utilize abundant microorganisms in the cow manure, etc.
In the above technical scheme, in the step 3, the compost raw material is placed in a closed reactor for fermentation, the ventilation frequency of the reactor is 0.02L/min.kg DM, an aeration device and a temperature and oxygen probe are arranged in the reactor, and the temperature and oxygen probe is used for measuring the temperature and oxygen change of the reactor body in the fermentation process in real time.
In the above technical scheme, in the step 4, the mesh screen of the granulator is 2-6mm.
In another aspect, the invention also comprises an organic fertilizer prepared based on the efficient composting method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, garden waste is used as a matrix to cultivate edible fungi or inoculate lignocellulose degrading bacteria, so that the edible fungi are converted into fungus chaff, then the fungus chaff and livestock manure are uniformly mixed to form raw materials, the raw materials are placed in a closed composting high-temperature reactor for fermentation treatment, the water content and the C/N ratio of the raw materials are sequentially adjusted for better fermentation, detection is carried out after fermentation maturity, and granulation and packaging treatment are carried out after qualification, so that the organic fertilizer is prepared.
2. According to the invention, the fungus chaff taking garden waste as a matrix is used for aerobic fermentation, and the content of humus is higher than that of the fertilizer by directly utilizing the garden waste, so that the fermentation quality is improved, the release of compost nutrients is promoted, and the utilization rate of the plants to the nutrients is improved.
3. The organic fertilizer obtained by the invention is used for land reclamation soil amendment or garden seedling culture substrate and the like, promotes the efficient recycling of garden waste, and realizes the recycling of biomass sources naturally belonging to nature.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A high-efficiency fertilizer composting method based on garden waste comprises the following steps:
step 1, crushing garden waste into scraps, and cultivating edible fungi by using the scraps as a substrate to convert the edible fungi into fungus chaff:
screening garden waste after collecting, pruning branches and leaves, and crushing the branches and leaves into scraps for later use; the oyster mushroom is cultivated by using 80% of bran, 19% of crushed garden waste and 1% of gypsum, the inoculation amount is 5% (dry weight), the mycelium cultivation time is about 1 month after cultivation, and fruiting is about 6 months.
Step 2, crushing the fungus chaff obtained in the step 1, mixing the fungus chaff with livestock manure according to a proportion, regulating and controlling the water content and the C/N ratio, and forming a compost raw material:
the fungus chaff is crushed to obtain the particle size of about 0.5 cm to 1cm. The livestock manure adopts daily fresh cow manure, a raw material consisting of 15kg of fungus chaff and 5kg of cow manure is utilized, the C/N ratio of the raw material is controlled at 24, and the water content is controlled at 55%.
Step 3, fermenting the compost raw material obtained in the step 2, and drying after fermentation to obtain the organic fertilizer:
the mixed compost raw materials are put into a 50L closed reactor, the reactor is provided with an aeration device, the ventilation rate is set to be 0.02L/min.kg DM, the aeration is continued, the compost is turned over every week, and the fermentation is required for 56 days.
After fermentation is completed, the raw materials in the reactor are placed in a dryer for drying treatment, the water content of the raw materials is controlled to be 15%, and each component index is detected;
step 4, granulating:
placing the qualified raw materials in a granulator, extruding the raw materials to form particles, naturally cooling and air-drying to obtain a granular organic fertilizer;
the organic fertilizer produced by the method has the following results:
the organic matter content is 77.53%; the pH value is 6.86; seed germination index 130%; the content of humus is 124.45g/kg; 92.37g/kg humic acid content; cellulose degradation rate 55.43%; hemicellulose degradation rate is 52.09%.
Example 2
A high-efficiency fertilizer composting method based on garden waste comprises the following steps:
step 1, crushing garden waste into scraps, and cultivating edible fungi by using the scraps as a substrate to convert the edible fungi into fungus chaff:
the garden waste is collected and then screened, the pruned branches and leaves are crushed and are in a chip shape for standby, 80 percent of bran, 19 percent of crushed garden waste and 1 percent of gypsum are utilized for cultivating the hericium erinaceus, the inoculum size is 5 percent (dry matter weight), after cultivation, the mycelium cultivation time is about 1 month, and fruiting is about 6 months.
Step 2, crushing the fungus chaff obtained in the step 1, mixing the fungus chaff with livestock manure according to a proportion, regulating and controlling the water content and the C/N ratio, and forming a compost raw material:
the fungus chaff is crushed to obtain the particle size of about 0.5 cm to 1cm. The livestock manure is fresh cow manure on the same day, 15kg of garden waste and 5kg of cow manure are utilized as raw materials, the C/N ratio of the raw materials is controlled at 24, and the water content is controlled at 55%.
Step 3, fermenting the compost raw material obtained in the step 2, and drying after fermentation to obtain the organic fertilizer:
the mixed compost raw materials are put into a 50L closed reactor, the reactor is provided with an aeration device, the ventilation rate is set to be 0.02L/min.kg DM, the aeration is continued, the compost is turned over every week, and the fermentation is required for 56 days.
After fermentation is completed, the raw materials in the reactor are placed in a dryer for drying treatment, the water content of the raw materials is controlled to be 15%, then the raw materials are crushed, and all ingredient index targets are detected;
step 4, granulating:
placing the qualified raw materials in a granulator, extruding the raw materials to form particles, naturally cooling and air-drying to obtain a granular organic fertilizer;
the organic fertilizer produced by the method has the following results:
76.32% of organic matter; pH 7.26; seed germination index 120%; the content of humus is 177.32g/kg; 139.73g/kg humic acid content; cellulose degradation rate is 65.23%; hemicellulose degradation rate 81.43%.
Example 3
A high-efficiency fertilizer composting method based on garden waste comprises the following steps:
step 1, crushing garden waste into scraps, and inoculating lignocellulose degrading bacteria serving as a matrix to convert the wood cellulose degrading bacteria into pre-degradation products:
screening garden waste after collecting, pruning branches and leaves, and crushing the branches and leaves into scraps for later use; penicillium oxalate (Penicillium oxalicum) was inoculated with crushed garden waste, 30ml of the bacterial liquid was added to each kg of garden waste, and the mixture was cultured at 25℃for 30 days.
Step 2, crushing the pre-degradation product obtained in the step 1, and then mixing the crushed pre-degradation product with livestock manure according to a proportion, and regulating and controlling the water content and the C/N ratio to form a composting raw material;
and 3, fermenting the compost raw material obtained in the step 2, and drying after fermentation to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The mixed compost raw materials are put into a 50L closed reactor, the reactor is provided with an aeration device, the ventilation rate is set to be 0.2L/min.kg DM, the aeration is continued, the compost is turned over every week, and the total fermentation time is 35 days.
Step 4, granulating:
placing the qualified raw materials in a granulator, extruding the raw materials to form particles, naturally cooling and air-drying to obtain a granular organic fertilizer;
the organic fertilizer produced by the method has the following results:
the organic matter content is 74.2%; pH 7.26; the humus content is 117.2g/kg; humic acid content 91.3g/kg; cellulose degradation rate 63.5%; hemicellulose degradation rate is 74.9%.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The efficient composting method based on garden waste is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, crushing garden waste into scraps, and cultivating edible fungi by using the scraps as a matrix to convert the edible fungi into fungus chaff, or inoculating lignocellulose degrading bacteria by using the crushed garden waste as a matrix to convert the lignocellulose degrading bacteria into pre-degradation products;
step 2, crushing the fungus chaff or the pre-degradation product obtained in the step 1, and then mixing the crushed fungus chaff or the pre-degradation product with livestock manure according to a proportion, and regulating the water content and the C/N ratio to form a compost raw material;
and 3, fermenting the compost raw material obtained in the step 2, and drying after fermentation to obtain the organic fertilizer.
2. The efficient composting method of claim 1, further comprising step 4, granulating.
3. The efficient composting method of claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the edible fungi are oyster mushrooms and hericium erinaceus, the substrate for cultivating the edible fungi comprises 70-75 parts by mass of bran, 20-30 parts by mass of crushed garden waste and 1-5 parts by mass of gypsum, the inoculation amount is 3-5%, the inoculation amount is dry species, the hypha cultivation time for cultivating the edible fungi is 25-30 days, and the fruiting time is 5-7 months.
4. The efficient composting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the lignocellulose degrading bacteria are penicillium oxalicum (Penicillium oxalicum) or aspergillus oryzae (aspergillus oryzae), and the crushed garden waste is inoculated with a microbial inoculum comprising penicillium oxalicum (Penicillium oxalicum) and/or aspergillus oryzae (aspergillus oryzae) to convert the same into pre-degradation products.
5. The method for efficiently composting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the length of the pulverized fungus chaff is 1-3cm.
6. The efficient composting method of claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the mass ratio of the fungus chaff or the pre-degradation product to the livestock manure is 3-3.5:1, and the C/N ratio in the compost raw material is controlled to be 25-30.
7. The efficient composting method of claim 1, wherein in step 2, the livestock manure is fresh cow manure.
8. The method for efficiently composting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the compost raw material is placed in a closed reactor for fermentation, the aeration frequency of the reactor is 0.02L/min kg DM, and an aeration device and a temperature and oxygen probe are provided in the reactor.
9. The efficient composting method of claim 1, wherein in step 4, the mesh screen of the granulator is 2-6mm.
10. An organic fertilizer prepared based on the high-efficiency composting method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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