CN117837452A

CN117837452A - Two-year four-harvest rotation cultivation method suitable for Xinjiang south Xinjiang

Info

Publication number: CN117837452A
Application number: CN202410190786.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐艳文; 纪顺; 宁成博; 陶建飞; 宋刚; 杨净; 姚国民; 吴小勇; 麦提图尔荪·萨迪克; 张维维; 杨荣荣; 阿卜力米提·艾尔肯
Original assignee: Moyu Agricultural Experimental Station Of Xinjiang Academy Of Agricultural Sciences; Xinjiang Yuweixian Agricultural Science And Technology Center; COMPREHENSIVE TEST FIELD OF XINJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Current assignee: Moyu Agricultural Experimental Station Of Xinjiang Academy Of Agricultural Sciences; Xinjiang Yuweixian Agricultural Science And Technology Center; COMPREHENSIVE TEST FIELD OF XINJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date: 2024-02-20
Filing date: 2024-02-20
Publication date: 2024-04-09

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a two-year four-harvest crop rotation cultivation method suitable for Xinjiang. The two-year four-harvest rotation cultivation method reasonably utilizes the climate characteristics of the southern Xinjiang area and the advantage of short growth period of fresh corn, the rotation arrangement is compact, the utilization efficiency of land and fertilizer is fully exerted, rotation of different crops reduces the occurrence rate of field diseases and insect pests, the total income per mu in two years is more than 1.35 ten thousand yuan, the average annual income is more than 0.65 ten thousand yuan, the income of peasants is remarkably improved, and the cultivation method becomes a good mode for peasants to get rich; meanwhile, the supply of late autumn fresh corn in the south ARUM is realized, the market is effectively regulated, the market demand of localized supply of late autumn fresh corn in the south ARUM is met, the processing period of at least 20 days of a processing enterprise can be prolonged for a local fresh corn enterprise, and the enterprise output value is improved.

Description

Two-year four-harvest rotation cultivation method suitable for Xinjiang south Xinjiang

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a two-year four-harvest crop rotation cultivation method suitable for Xinjiang.

Background

The fresh corn is used as both food and vegetable crops, and is one of crops affecting the planting industry, the processing industry and the breeding industry. The whole plant can be utilized, the straw can be used as a cultivation silage, and the clusters can be processed into various products such as quick-frozen corn, vacuum corn kernels and the like, and the method is deeply favored by people and has wide market prospect and space.

The Xinjiang is used as the golden production area of the fresh corn, has a wide planting range and is mainly distributed in areas such as the periphery of Wuruji, changjizhou, yili, bole, altai, hetian and Kaschin, and the planting area is approximately 25 ten thousand mu. The quality of the produced fresh corn is better due to rich light and heat resources and large day and night temperature difference. Wherein, the Xinjiang area is used for cultivating the early-maturing, medium-maturing and medium-late-maturing fresh corn varieties in multiple modes, adopts the staggered sowing, adopts a film-covered or film-free drip irrigation cultivation mode, is matched with the whole-process mechanical technology and equipment of key links such as sowing, disease and insect pest prevention, harvesting and the like, and the market (processing) time is concentrated at 7 months to 9 months later.

The frost-free period in the Xinjiang area is long and the photo-thermal resources are rich, the area takes two-year and three-year stubbles of feed corn and winter wheat as cultivation modes for large-area production, the total income per mu is 0.56 ten thousand yuan, the production cost investment is about 0.24 ten thousand yuan, and the annual average pure income is only 0.32 ten thousand yuan. Along with the popularization of fresh corn varieties and matched mechanized cultivation technologies in recent years, south Xinjiang also gradually starts to plant fresh corn, and basically adopts a rotation mode with winter wheat for production, in the mode, the fresh corn is stubble-cleaning to at least 80 days of idle period before winter wheat is sowed, if no crop is planted, land resource waste is caused, and weeds are easy to breed, so that land nutrients are reduced. Therefore, how to fully utilize the advantage that the growth period of fresh corn is at least 30 days shorter than that of feed corn solves the problems of single rotation mode, long idle period of land, unscientific fork arrangement and lack of efficient cultivation technology mode of the original fresh corn winter wheat, brings more benefits to farmers, is a subject worthy of research of agricultural scientific researchers, but the prior art has no better solution to the technical problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a two-year four-harvest crop rotation cultivation method suitable for Xinjiang south, which can reasonably utilize the climate characteristics of the Xinjiang south and the advantage of short growth period of fresh corn, and reasonably utilize the land and arrangement crops for rotation, thereby improving the cultivation efficiency. And the overall income of farmers is improved.

The invention provides a two-year-four-harvest rotation cultivation method suitable for Xinjiang south, which comprises the following steps:

1) Planting fresh corn in 4 months, 10 days to 4 months, 20 days, performing field management on the fresh corn, and cleaning stubble before 7 months, 25 days in the current year;

2) Planting winter radishes from 25 days to 8 months and 5 days, performing field management on the winter radishes, and cleaning stubble before 10 months and 5 days in the same year;

3) Planting winter wheat in the period of 5 to 15 days of 10 months, performing field management on the wheat, and cleaning stubble before 25 days of 6 months of the next year;

4) And planting fresh corn in the period of 25 to 1 of 6 months, performing field management on the fresh corn, and cleaning stubble 10 days before 10 months in the current year.

Preferably, the varieties of the fresh corn in the step 1) comprise high-quality and high-yield varieties;

the variety of the winter radish in the step 2) comprises a variety with one or more characteristics of early ripening, disease resistance, high quality, high yield, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability and good commodity:

Step 3) the winter wheat varieties include early maturing varieties;

the varieties of the fresh corn in the step 4) comprise varieties with early ripening, high yield and drought tolerance.

Preferably, the variety of the fresh corn in the step 1) comprises one or more of Ten thousand glutinous rice 2000, beijing glutinous rice 2000, ten thousand glutinous rice 188 and Jianong 861;

the variety of the winter radish in the step 2) comprises white jade No. 3 and/or Zheng Yan 791:

step 3) the variety of winter wheat includes one or more of new winter 20, new winter 22 and new winter 40;

the variety of the fresh corn in the step 4) comprises one or more of jia nong 861, jingke sweet 183 and Shen Ketian 811.

Preferably, the planting mode in the step 1) comprises a drip irrigation planting mode under a film, wherein the row spacing is 40-60cm, and the plant spacing is 30-40cm; the sowing amount is 1.5-1.9 kg/mu;

the planting mode in the step 2) comprises a planting mode on ridges, and the plant spacing on the ridge surface is 25-30cm; the seeding rate is 400-500 g/mu, and the seedling is protected by 5500-6500 plants/mu;

the planting mode in the step 3) comprises drill sowing, and the row spacing is 12-18cm; the sowing amount is 18-23 kg/mu, and the sowing depth is 3-4cm;

the planting mode in the step 4) comprises a drip irrigation planting mode under a film, wherein the row spacing is 40-60cm, and the plant spacing is 30-40cm; the sowing amount is 1.5-1.9 kg/mu.

Preferably, the field management in the step 1) comprises water management, fertilizer management, intertillage weeding, pest control and cluster harvesting of the planted fresh corn;

the water management comprises 10-12 times of irrigation of fresh corn in whole growth period, and 300-350m total irrigation ³ Per mu; the total growth period of irrigation is 10-12 times including 1-3 days after sowing, and 15-20m for 1 st irrigation ³ After each mu of corn has a seven-leaf period and the average air temperature is above 20 ℃, when the water content of soil is below 50%, 1 time of irrigation is carried out every 5-7 days, and the irrigation quantity of each time is 20-25m ³ Cutting off water 7 days before harvesting fresh ears;

the fertilizer management comprises applying nitrogen fertilizer (N) 20-24 kg/mu and phosphorus fertilizer (P) respectively in the whole growth period of the fresh corn ₂ O ₅ ) 15-18 kg/mu and potash fertilizer (K) ₂ O) 10-14 kg/mu; the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are uniformly applied for four times;

the weeding period of intertillage weeding is 3-6 leaf spreading periods of the fresh corn;

the adopted period of the clusters is 20-22 days after the silking of the fresh corn or when the water content of the kernels of the fresh corn is 50% -60%.

Preferably, the field management in the step 2) comprises thinning, weeding, water management, fertilizer management and harvesting of the planted winter radishes;

The thinning is carried out for 2 times, when 2-3 true leaves of the winter radish seedlings are planted, the first thinning is carried out, and 2 seedlings are reserved in each hole; when 4-5 true leaves of the winter radish seedlings are planted, thinning for the second time, keeping 1 seedling in each hole, taking small and keeping large;

the moisture management includes: watering 2-3 times in the emergence period; watering for 1 time when the fleshy root begins to expand, and watering for one time at intervals of 7-10 days, wherein the water yield of each watering is 30-35m ³ Per mu;

the fertilizer management includes: 3000kg of organic fertilizer, 20kg of diammonium phosphate and 30kg of common calcium are spread per mu before sowing. Starting topdressing after seedling setting, performing primary topdressing in the seedling stage, and applying 8 kg/mu of urea; respectively applying 2 times of quick-acting nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in a belly breaking period and a shoulder exposing period, wherein the application amount of the fertilizer is 15-20 kg/mu;

the harvesting includes harvesting when the single radish reaches more than 400 g.

Preferably, the field management in the step 3) comprises the steps of water management, fertilizer management, chemical control management, weed control and pest control on the planted winter wheat;

the moisture management includes: 1 time of water filling after sowing, the water filling quantity is 20-25m ³ Per mu; irrigation is carried out 1 time before winter, and the irrigation quantity is 30-35m ³ Per mu; 2 times of water is poured in the green-turning period, and the water quantity is 15-20m each time ³ The interval time of 2 times of irrigation is 10 days per mu; 1 time of water filling in the jointing period, the water filling amount is 30-35m ³ Per mu; 2 times of water is irrigated from the booting stage to the flowering stage, and the water filling quantity of each time is 30-35m ³ The interval time of 2 times of irrigation is 10 days per mu; 2 times of water filling from flowering to grouting, wherein the water filling amount of each time is 30-35m ³ The interval time of 2 times of irrigation is 10 days per mu; irrigation is carried out 1 time in the mature period, and the irrigation quantity is 20-25m ³ Per mu;

the fertilizer management includes: topdressing is carried out from the green returning period to the grouting period, and 5 times of fertilizer application are carried out along with the water irrigation, wherein urea is applied for 6 kg/mu each time, monopotassium phosphate is applied for 2 kg/mu, monoammonium phosphate is applied for 4 kg/mu, and the mass percentage of nitrogen fertilizer in the urea is more than or equal to 46%;

the chemical control management comprises the following steps: chlormequat chloride is applied for 2 times before winter wheat is articulated; the chlormequat chloride comprises 50% chlormequat chloride aqua, and the dosage of each mu is 180mL and 30kg of water is added; the time of the 1 st administration is 3 late months, and the time of the second administration is 4 late months.

Preferably, the field management in the step 4) comprises water management, fertilizer management, intertillage weeding, pest control and ear adoption of the planted fresh corn;

the water management comprises 10-12 times of irrigation of fresh corn in whole growth period, and 300-350m total irrigation ³ Per mu;

the water management comprises 10-12 times of irrigation of fresh corn in whole growth periodWater filling 300-350m ³ Per mu; the total growth period of irrigation is 10-12 times including 1-3 days after sowing, and 15-20m for 1 st irrigation ³ After each mu of corn has a seven-leaf period and the average air temperature is above 20 ℃, when the water content of soil is below 50%, 1 time of irrigation is carried out every 5-7 days, and the irrigation quantity of each time is 20-25m ³ Cutting off water 7 days before harvesting fresh ears;

Preferably, step 4) further comprises resting or planting winter wheat after the stubble cleaning.

The beneficial effects are that:

the invention provides a two-year four-harvest rotation cultivation method suitable for Xinjiang south, which reasonably utilizes the climate characteristics of the Xinjiang south and the advantage of short growth period of fresh corn, and has compact rotation arrangement, fully exerts the utilization efficiency of land and fertilizer, reduces the incidence rate of field diseases and insect pests by rotation of crops of different families, has the total income of more than 1.35 ten thousand yuan per mu in two years, has the average income of more than 0.65 ten thousand yuan per year, remarkably improves the income of farmers, and becomes a good mode for farmers to get rich; meanwhile, the supply of late autumn fresh corn in the south Xinjiang area is realized, the market is effectively regulated, the market demand of localized supply of late autumn fresh corn in the south Xinjiang area is met, the 20-day processing period of a processing enterprise is prolonged at least for a local fresh corn enterprise, and the enterprise output value is improved.

Detailed Description

The invention plants fresh corn from 4 months 10 days to 4 months 20 days, carries out field management on the fresh corn, and clears stubble before 7 months 25 days in the current year.

The variety of the fresh corn preferably comprises a high-quality and high-yield variety, further preferably comprises one or more of Ten thousand glutinous 2000, beijing glutinous 2000, ten thousand glutinous 188 and Jianong 861, and more preferably Ten thousand glutinous 2000, beijing glutinous 2000, ten thousand glutinous 188 or Jianong 861.

The invention preferably performs land preparation, and particularly preferably comprises: fertilizer is applied and ploughed from 15 to 30 days of the last year 10 months and winter irrigation is performed in the last 12 months. The fertilizer preferably comprises farmyard manure and base fertilizer, wherein the farmyard manure preferably comprises farmyard manure which is thoroughly decomposed and subjected to innocent treatment, and the application amount is preferably 2700-3300 kg/mu, more preferably 3000 kg/mu; the base fertilizer preferably comprises diammonium phosphate, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is preferably 20-25 kg/mu, and more preferably 20 kg/mu. The depth of the ploughing according to the invention is preferably 32-38cm, more preferably 35cm. The winter irrigation is preferably large water flood irrigation, so that sterilization and deinsectization are facilitated, and the water content of soil is kept; the amount of the large water flood irrigation is not particularly limited, and the amount of the large water flood irrigation is conventional in the art.

After the ploughing, the invention preferably prepares the ploughed land. The soil preparation time is preferably spring, particularly preferably the average air temperature is more than 10 ℃, the average ground temperature of 5cm reaches 10 ℃, and the soil water content reaches 70% -80%, the soil is firstly raked and prepared to reach the standard of 'leveling, flattening, loosening, crushing, cleaning and soil moisture', so that the soil is in a waiting state.

After the soil preparation, the soil sealing method is preferably used for sealing the soil of the whole soil. Soil closure according to the invention preferably comprises applying a closure agent 12-72 hours prior to sowing; the application of the blocking agent preferably comprises the steps of adding 40-60kg of water into 200mL of 38% atrazine suspending agent and 100mL of 90% Henaisi emulsifiable concentrate per mu, or adding 40-60kg of water into 200mL of 38% atrazine suspending agent and 120mL of metolachlor per mu; the application mode is spraying.

After the soil is sealed, the invention preferably turns over the sealed soil again. The depth of the secondary ploughing according to the invention is preferably 2-3cm.

After the secondary ploughing, the invention plants fresh corn from 4 months 10 days to 4 months 20 days, preferably performs sowing when the average ground temperature is above 10-13 ℃, preferably above 12 ℃ and the sowing is completed at most before 4 months 20 days, because the stubble engagement is better ensured. The planting method is preferably a drip irrigation planting mode under a film; the row spacing is preferably 40-60cm, more preferably the wide row spacing is 60cm and the narrow row spacing is 40cm; the plant spacing is preferably 30-40cm. The sowing quantity of the fresh corn is preferably 1.5-1.9 kg/mu, and more preferably 1.8 kg/mu.

After the fresh corn is planted, the field management is preferably carried out on the planted fresh corn, and the field management preferably comprises the steps of water management, fertilizer management, intertillage weeding, pest control and cluster harvesting on the planted fresh corn.

The water management of the invention preferably comprises 10-12 times of irrigation of fresh corn in the whole growth period, 300-350m of total irrigation ³ Per mu; the total growth period is 10-12 times of water, 1-1 time of water is 1-3 days after sowing, and the water filling amount is preferably 15-20m ³ The water content of the soil is 60% -70% of the field water holding capacity per mu; after the corn has seven-leaf expanding period to the jointing booting period, the soil moisture is maintained to be more than 60-70% of the field water holding capacity, preferably 1 time of irrigation is carried out every 5-7 days, and the irrigation amount of each time is preferably 20-25m ³ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The soil moisture is kept between 70 percent and 80 percent of the field water holding capacity before the heading and flowering period and the fresh ear harvesting period, preferably 1 time of irrigation is carried out every 5 to 7 days,the water filling amount is preferably 20-25m ³ 。

The fertilizer management of the invention preferably comprises applying 20-24 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer (N) and phosphorus fertilizer (P) respectively in the whole growth period of the fresh corn ₂ O ₅ ) 15-18 kg/mu and potash fertilizer (K) ₂ O) 10-14 kg/mu; the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are all preferably applied for four times, and the specific application amount preferably comprises the following steps: applying 5-6 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-6 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 3-4 kg/mu of potash fertilizer when expanding leaves for 8-9 days for the first time; applying 5-6 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-6 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 3-4 kg/mu of potash fertilizer when 12-14 leaves are spread for the second time; third time: applying 5-6 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-6 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 4-6 kg/mu of potash fertilizer 4-6 days after spinning; and in the powder scattering period for the fourth time, 5-6 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer is applied.

The weeding period of the intertillage weeding is preferably 3-6 leaf spreading periods of the fresh corn. When the invention is used for carrying out intertillage weeding, the weeding mode combining man, machine and chemical is preferably adopted to eliminate weeds; the chemical weeding is preferably carried out in the 4-6 leaf period of corn, the special herbicide mesotrione atrazine for corn is preferably applied, and water is preferably added for 15-30kg at the dosage of 150 mL/mu for ground spraying.

The pest control according to the present invention preferably includes: preventing and controlling corn borer by using trichogramma and beauveria bassiana products; or preferably, the corn borer and/or cotton bollworm is prevented and treated in the middle and later period of the corn growth by using low-toxicity chemical pesticide, wherein the low-toxicity chemical pesticide preferably comprises chlorantraniliprole, the application dosage is preferably 10-15 mL/mu, and 30kg of water is added for spraying; the 2 nd time of spraying is preferable at intervals of 30 days, and the application dosage is preferably the same as the last application dosage.

The adopted period of the clusters is preferably 20-22 days after the silking of the fresh corn, and the harvesting period can improve the quality of the fresh corn, preferably the fresh waxy corn; or the grain moisture content of the fresh corn is 50% -60%, the harvesting period is preferably suitable for mechanical harvesting or machining. The stubble cleaning time of the fresh corn is preferably 7 months and 25 days before the current year.

After the fresh corn is stubble-removed, winter radishes are planted in the invention in the period of 7 months 25 days to 8 months 5 days, field management is carried out on the winter radishes, and the stubble is removed before the period of 10 months 5 days in the same year.

The variety of the winter radish preferably comprises a variety with one or more characteristics of precocity, disease resistance, high quality, high yield, stress resistance, wide adaptability and good commodity, more preferably comprises a variety with precocity, disease resistance, high quality, high yield, stress resistance, wide adaptability and good commodity, and still more preferably comprises, but is not limited to, white jade No. 3 and/or Zheng Yan 791.

The present invention preferably applies a base fertilizer. The base fertilizer preferably comprises an organic fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and common calcium; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is preferably 3000 kg/mu, the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is preferably 20 kg/mu, and the application amount of the common calcium is preferably 30 kg/mu; the mode of applying the base fertilizer is preferably broadcasting.

After the base fertilizer is applied, soil after the base fertilizer is applied is preferably ploughed, and the ploughing depth is preferably 25-35cm, and more preferably 30cm.

After the ploughing, the invention preferably prepares the ploughed land. The invention preferably carries out mechanical rotary tillage on the ploughed land to break the roots of the fresh corn of the previous crop; the soil preparation preferably meets the standard of 'level, flat, loose, crushed, clean and soil moisture'.

After the soil preparation, the soil is preferably ridged, the height of the ridge is preferably 30-40cm, the width of the ridge bottom is preferably 55-60cm, and the width of the ridge top is preferably 45-50cm; the distance between the centers of two adjacent ridges is preferably 120cm, and drip irrigation capillary tubes are preferably paved at the center of each ridge; the ridging preferably comprises mechanical ridging.

After ridging, the invention performs winter radish seeding. The sowing mode is 3 rows, and a ventilated and light-transmitting ridge planting mode (wide and narrow rows) is formed; the average row spacing is preferably 40cm, and the equal row spacing is preferably 15cm on the ridge surface; the plant spacing is preferably 25-30cm, the seedling is preferably 5500-6500 seedlings per mu, the number of seeds per hole is 2-3, and the sowing amount per mu is preferably 400-500g.

After the sowing, the invention preferably performs field management on the sown winter radishes, wherein the field management preferably comprises thinning, weeding, water management, fertilizer management and harvesting.

The thinning is preferably carried out for 2 times, and when 2-3 true leaves of the winter radish seedlings are planted, the first thinning is preferably carried out, and 2 seedlings are reserved in each hole; when 4-5 true leaves of winter radish seedlings are planted, the second thinning is preferably carried out, 1 seedling is reserved in each hole, and the seedlings are taken to be small and big.

The moisture management according to the present invention preferably includes: watering 2-3 times in the emergence period; the fleshy root is preferably watered for 1 time when obviously expanding to ensure soil wetting, and watered for one time at intervals of 7-10 days, wherein the water quantity is 30-35m each time ³ Per mu; preferably, the irrigation is stopped 5-7 days before harvesting.

The fertilizer management according to the invention preferably comprises: starting topdressing after seedling establishment, performing primary topdressing in the seedling stage, and applying 7-10 kg/mu urea, preferably 8 kg/mu urea; and respectively applying 2 times of fertilizers in the belly breaking period and the shoulder exposing period, and applying quick-acting nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers each time, wherein the application amount of the fertilizers is 15-20 kg/mu, and preferably 18 kg/mu.

The harvesting according to the invention preferably comprises harvesting when the single radish reaches more than 400 g. The invention completes the harvesting and field cleaning of winter radishes before 10 months and 5 days in the same year.

After the winter radish is stubble-cleaned, winter wheat is planted in the method of the invention in the period of 10 months 5 to 10 months 15 days, field management is carried out on the wheat, and the stubble is cleaned before 25 days in the 6 months of the next year.

The winter wheat varieties of the present invention preferably include early maturing varieties, further preferably include, but are not limited to, one or more of new winter 20, new winter 22, and new winter 40, more preferably new winter 20, new winter 22, or new winter 40.

The invention preferably applies a base fertilizer on the land after the winter radishes are harvested, the base fertilizer is preferably diammonium phosphate, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is preferably 25-30 kg/mu.

After the base fertilizer is applied, the soil after the base fertilizer is applied is preferably ploughed, and the depth is preferably not less than 35cm; the plowing preferably adopts mechanical rotary tillage to achieve the purpose of fine soil preparation.

After plowing, the invention irrigates the plowed soil, preferably carries out fine harrowing and soil preparation after soil moisture is combined, and achieves the purposes of thoroughly harrowing, harrowing and leveling, eliminating light and dark and hard and loosening the soil, and achieving the purposes of loosening up and loosening down. The irrigation quantity of the invention is preferably based on irrigation of the soil moisture of the sole.

After the fine harrowing and soil preparation, the invention preferably performs winter wheat sowing. The sowing time is 10 months, 10 days, 10 months and 15 days; the sowing mode is preferably drill sowing; the row spacing is preferably 12-18cm, more preferably 15cm; the sowing quantity is preferably 18-23 kg/mu, more preferably 18-20 kg/mu; the sowing depth is preferably 3-4cm. The seed fertilizer is preferably applied simultaneously during sowing, the seed fertilizer is preferably diammonium phosphate, and the application amount is preferably 12-15 kg/mu. According to the invention, one drip irrigation belt is paved at intervals of 3 rows, the distance between the two drip irrigation belts is 45cm, ditches are buried in the depth of 1-2cm of soil, the drip irrigation belts are fixed, and the wind-proof capacity is improved.

After sowing, the method performs field management on the winter wheat after sowing, wherein the field management preferably comprises the steps of performing moisture management, fertilizer management, chemical control management, weed control and pest control on the winter wheat after sowing.

The moisture management according to the present invention preferably includes: 1 time of water filling after sowing, the water filling quantity is 20-25m ³ Per mu; irrigation is carried out 1 time before winter, and the irrigation quantity is 30-35m ³ Per mu; 2 times of water is poured in the green-turning period, and the water quantity is 15-20m each time ³ The interval time of 2 times of irrigation is 10 days per mu; 1 time of water filling in the jointing period, the water filling amount is 30-35m ³ Per mu; 2 times of water is irrigated from the booting stage to the flowering stage, and the water filling quantity of each time is 30-35m ³ The interval time of 2 times of irrigation is 10 days per mu; 2 times of water filling from flowering to grouting, wherein the water filling amount of each time is 30-35m ³ The interval time of 2 times of irrigation is 10 days per mu; irrigation is carried out 1 time in the mature period, and the irrigation quantity is 20-25m ³ Per mu. The invention preferably adopts a dry sowing and wet sowing mode to plant wheat. The irrigation mode of the invention is preferably drip irrigation.

The fertilizer management according to the invention preferably comprises: topdressing is carried out from the green returning period to the grouting period, and the fertilizer is applied for 5 times along with the water irrigation, wherein urea is applied for 6 kg/mu each time, monopotassium phosphate is applied for 2 kg/mu, monoammonium phosphate is applied for 4 kg/mu, and the mass percentage of nitrogen fertilizer in the urea is more than or equal to 46%. The 5 times of fertilization are respectively preferably corresponding to a turning green period, a jointing period, a booting period, a flowering period and a grouting period.

The chemical control management of the present invention preferably includes: chlormequat chloride is applied for 2 times before winter wheat is articulated; the chlormequat chloride comprises 50% chlormequat chloride aqua, and the dosage of each mu is 180mL and 30kg of water is added; the time of the 1 st administration is 3 late months, and the time of the second administration is 4 late months.

The weed control according to the invention is preferably carried out before the wheat is jacked, particularly preferably from 3 months 15 days to 4 months 5 days. The invention preferably adopts the form of spraying chemical agent to control weeds, and particularly preferably adopts the form of spraying 20% of dimethyl tetrachloro water agent 150 mL/mu and 90 mL/mu of 5% of oxazoline-clodinafop-propargyl emulsifiable concentrate, and adding 30kg of water for spraying, wherein the spraying is uniform and fine.

The pest control according to the invention preferably comprises control of powdery mildew, rust and aphids of wheat. The wheat powdery mildew and rust are preferably prevented and treated in the onset period (late 4 months), and the wheat powdery mildew and rust are preferably prevented and treated by adding 30kg of water to 10 mL/mu of raised color (25% propiconazole+6% azoxystrobin) or 10 mL/mu of intelligent commander (15% tebuconazole+8% azoxystrobin). The invention preferably carries out aphid control when the aphid rate reaches 50% in the wheat booting period and the average aphid quantity of the hundred plants reaches 200-250 (the middle and upper ten days of 5 months), and particularly preferably adopts 30 g/mu of 5% imidacloprid wettable powder or 10 g/mu of 20% acetamiprid wettable powder and 30kg of water for spray control.

The harvesting according to the invention preferably comprises removing the branch pipes of the drip irrigation system and associated supporting facilities before harvesting, and preferably mechanically harvesting during the wheat ripening period (before 6 months and 25 days), preferably in time for airing after harvesting.

After wheat is harvested, the invention plants fresh corn from 25 days of 6 months to 1 day of 7 months, carries out field management on the fresh corn, and clears stubble before 10 days of 10 months in the current year.

The variety of the fresh corn according to the present invention preferably includes a variety having early ripening, high yield and drought tolerance properties, and further preferably includes, but is not limited to, one or more of jia nong 861, jingke sweet 183 and Shen Ketian 811, and more preferably is jingnong 861, jingke sweet 183 or Shen Ketian.

The present invention preferably performs a pre-stubble treatment and pre-sowing preparation after harvesting winter wheat. The invention is not particularly limited to the previous stubble treatment, and the prior stubble treatment is carried out by adopting a conventional cleaning mode in the field. For the soil containing soil insects, it is preferable to use coated seeds, and the coating agent for the specific coated seeds is not particularly limited and may be selected according to the specific conditions of soil insects. The invention preferably applies farmyard manure and base fertilizer, the farmyard manure is preferably fully decomposed and harmless farmyard manure, the application amount is preferably 2500-3300 kg/mu, and more preferably 3000 kg/mu; the base fertilizer preferably comprises diammonium phosphate, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is preferably 20-25 kg/mu, and more preferably 20 kg/mu.

After the farmyard manure and the base fertilizer are applied, the soil after the fertilizer is applied is preferably ploughed, and the ploughing depth is preferably 25-30cm, more preferably 30cm.

After the ploughing, the invention preferably performs soil sealing on the ploughed land. Soil closure according to the invention preferably comprises applying a closure agent 12-72 hours prior to sowing; the application of the blocking agent preferably comprises the steps of adding 40-60kg of water into 200mL of 38% atrazine suspending agent and 100mL of 90% Henaisi emulsifiable concentrate per mu, or adding 40-60kg of water into 200mL of 38% atrazine suspending agent and 120mL of metolachlor per mu; the application mode is spraying.

After the secondary ploughing, the method of the invention is used for planting fresh corn before 7 months and 1 day, and the planting method of the invention is preferably a drip irrigation planting mode under a film; the row spacing is preferably 40-60cm, more preferably the wide row spacing is 60cm and the narrow row spacing is 40cm; the plant spacing is preferably 30-35cm. The sowing quantity of the fresh corn is preferably 1.5-1.9 kg/mu, and more preferably 1.8 kg/mu.

The specific modes of water management, fertilizer management, intertillage weeding, pest control and cluster harvesting are preferably the same as the management mode of first-crop fresh corn planting, and detailed optimization or limitation is carried out in the technical scheme, so that redundant description is omitted.

After harvesting the fresh corn, the present invention preferably further includes a fallow or planting winter wheat. When the cultivation of the second-year-four-harvest of the invention is performed, the invention preferably performs the rest cultivation to perform the cultivation of the second-year-four-harvest of the next cycle; winter wheat is preferably planted when the next cycle of two-year-four-harvest cultivation is no longer continued.

The two-year four-harvest rotation cultivation method reasonably utilizes the climate characteristics of the southern Xinjiang area and the advantage of short growth period of fresh corn, has compact and reasonable arrangement of crops, proper variety selection and reasonable collocation, fully exerts the utilization efficiency of land and fertilizer, reduces the incidence rate of field diseases and insect pests by rotation of different crops, has the total income of 1.35 ten thousand yuan per mu for two years, has the average income of more than 0.65 ten thousand yuan per year, remarkably improves the income of peasants, and becomes a good mode for peasant enrichment; meanwhile, the supply of late autumn fresh corn in the south Xinjiang area is realized, the market is effectively regulated, the market demand of localized supply of late autumn fresh corn in the south Xinjiang area is met, the 20-day processing period of a processing enterprise is prolonged at least for a local fresh corn enterprise, and the enterprise output value is improved.

The technical problems provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with examples for further illustrating the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A cultivation method for open field fresh corn, autumn winter vegetables and winter wheat in southern Xinjiang area comprises the following steps:

in 2022 to 2023, in the county of black jade.

Cultivation method of first-crop spring and summer fresh corn

(1) Land preparation

And (3) preparing the land for 10 months and 20 days in 2021, applying 3000 kg/mu of farmyard manure which is thoroughly decomposed and subjected to innocuous treatment per mu, uniformly spreading the farmyard manure into the field before autumn turning, and simultaneously spreading 20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate as a base fertilizer, and ploughing the land to 35cm. Winter irrigation (flood irrigation) is carried out in the beginning of 12 months, which is favorable for sterilization and deinsectization and keeps the water content of the soil.

(2) Soil preparation

According to weather, the average air temperature reaches more than 10 ℃ in spring, the average ground temperature of 5cm reaches 10 ℃, the soil water content reaches 70% -80%, the soil is raked early, and the soil preparation reaches the standard of 'leveling, loosening, crushing, cleaning and soil moisture', so that the soil is in a state to be sowed.

(3) Soil closure

The soil is sealed after the land is leveled, and the soil is uniformly sprayed on the ground for 2-3cm deep after being sown, wherein, 100mL of water is added into 200mL of 38% atrazine suspending agent and 100mL of 90% Henaisi emulsifiable concentrate for each mu, or 40-60kg of water is added into 200mL of 38% atrazine suspending agent and 120mL of metolachlor, and the soil is sown after being mixed with the soil.

(4) Sowing in good time

The spring sowing is carried out at a proper sowing time when the local temperature is stabilized at 12 ℃, the sowing is carried out in 2022 and 4 months and 15 days, the variety is Wanyuan 188, the under-film drip irrigation planting mode is adopted, the wide row spacing is 60cm, the narrow row spacing is 40cm, the plant spacing is 35cm, and the sowing amount is 1.9 kg/mu.

(5) Field management

A. Moisture management

The total growth period is 10-12 times of irrigation, 1-3 days after sowing, 1 time of irrigation about 15m ³ Per mu, the water content of the soil is 65% of the field water holding capacity; after the corn has seven-leaf expanding period to the jointing booting period, water is irrigated for 1 time every 5-7 days, and the water irrigation quantity of each time is 20-25m ³ The soil moisture is kept at 70% of the field water holding capacity; the water is irrigated for 1 time every 5-7 days before the heading and flowering period and the fresh ear harvesting period, and the irrigation quantity of each time is preferably 20-25m < 3 >, so that the soil moisture is kept at 75% of the field water holding capacity, and the water is stopped 7 days before the fresh ear harvesting.

B. Fertilizer management

Nitrogen fertilizer (N) and phosphate fertilizer (P) in whole growth period ₂ O ₅ ) Potassium fertilizer (K) ₂ The dosage of O) is 24, 15 and 12 kg/mu respectively, and the dripping is performed in four times. Applying 5 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 3 kg/mu of potash fertilizer when expanding leaves for 8-9 days for the first time; applying nitrogenous fertilizer 5 kg/mu, phosphatic fertilizer 5 kg/mu and potash fertilizer 4 kg/mu when 12-14 leaves are spread for the second timeThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Third time: about 5 days after spinning, applying 6kg/667m2 of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 5 kg/mu of potash fertilizer; and in the powder scattering period for the fourth time, 6 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer is applied.

C. Intertillage weeding

After sowing the fresh corn, cultivating and weeding are carried out when the corn leaves are three-leaf and six-leaf. Weeding adopts a weeding mode combining man, machine and chemical to kill weeds; chemical weeding is carried out in the 4-6 leaf period of corn, and the special herbicide mesotrione atrazine for corn is used for spraying 15-30kg of water on the ground, wherein the herbicide mesotrione atrazine is 100-150 mL/mu.

D. Pest control

Can be used for preventing and treating corn borer by using trichogramma, beauveria bassiana and other products. In order to improve the control effect, the chlorantraniliprole which is a low-toxicity chemical pesticide can also be used for controlling corn borer and cotton bollworm in the middle and later period of corn growth. The chlorantraniliprole is 10 mL/mu, 30kg of water is sprayed in the field for prevention and treatment, and the 2 nd spraying can be performed at intervals of 30 days.

(5) Ear harvesting

Timely harvest is a key to improving the quality of fresh waxy corn, and the optimal harvest period of the fresh waxy corn is 20-22 days after spinning. For example, the grain has water content of 50-60% and is used in mechanical harvesting and mechanical processing.

Cultivation method of second-crop autumn and winter radishes

(1) Applying base fertilizer, preparing soil and ridging

3000kg of organic fertilizer, 20kg of diammonium phosphate, 30kg of common calcium and more than 30cm of deep ploughing are spread per mu. After plowing, mechanically rotary tillage is carried out to break corn roots of previous stubble, the soil preparation reaches the standard of 'leveling, flattening, loosening, crushing, cleaning and soil moisture', the ridge is mechanically formed, the height of the ridge is 35-40cm, the width of the ridge bottom is 55-60cm, the width of the ridge top is 45-50cm, the distance between the ridge and the ridge center is 120cm, and drip irrigation capillary tubes are paved at the center of each ridge.

(2) Sowing seeds

The seed can be planted in 2022, 8 months and 2 days by adopting a manual dibbling or semi-mechanical micro planter, the variety is white jade No. 3, 3 rows are planted in one ridge, a ventilated and light-transmitting ridge planting mode (wide and narrow rows) is formed, the average row spacing is 40cm, namely, the equal row spacing on the ridge surface is 15cm, the plant spacing is 25-30cm, the seedling protection per mu is about 5500-6500, 2-3 seeds are sowed in each hole, and the seed consumption per mu is 450-500 g.

(3) Thinning and weeding

The intermittent seedling fixing is carried out for 2 times, when 2-3 true leaves appear in the seedlings, 1 st time of seedling thinning is carried out, and 2 seedlings are reserved in each hole; when the leaves grow to 4-5 true leaves, the seedlings are fixed for the 2 nd time, 1 hole and 1 plant are reserved in time, and the leaves are small and big. The seedlings are usually manually weeding for 2 times before the leaves seal the ridges, so that the field is kept free of weeds.

(5) Water and fertilizer management

Watering for 2-3 times according to the emergence condition, properly controlling watering after seedling alignment, watering for 1 time when fleshy roots start to obviously expand, keeping soil moist, watering for 1 time at intervals of 7-10 days, and watering water amount for 30-35m each time ³ . Irrigation was stopped within 5-7 days before harvest. Starting topdressing after seedling setting, performing primary topdressing in the seedling stage, and applying 8 kg/mu of urea; and respectively applying 2 times of fertilizers in the belly breaking period and the shoulder exposing period, and applying 18 kg/mu of quick-acting nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer each time.

(6) Harvesting at the right time

The single turnips can be harvested after reaching more than 400 g, and the harvesting and the field cleaning are completed in 10 months and 5 days of 2022.

Method for cultivating third-crop winter wheat

(1) Pre-cast preparation

And (3) sprinkling diammonium phosphate 30 kg/mu after harvesting the previous white radishes as a base fertilizer for plowing, carrying out mechanical rotary tillage operation, finely preparing land, deep plowing, and filling soil moisture after plowing, wherein the plowing depth is not less than 35 cm. After soil moisture is compounded, the soil is thoroughly raked, leveled and leveled in time, the bright and dark and hard and wet raked and the broken soil is eliminated, and the purposes of loosening up and loosening down are achieved.

(2) Sowing seeds

The process is carried out 10 months and 10 days of 2022, the line spacing of 15cm is adopted for drill sowing, no ridge is reserved in the middle, and the variety is new winter 20. Sowing in a seed and fertilizer separation mode, wherein the sowing depth is 3-4cm, and the diammonium phosphate with seed fertilizer is 12 kg/mu. Every 3 rows of drip irrigation belts are paved, the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 45cm, the drip irrigation belts are buried in the depth of 1-2cm of soil by opening shallow grooves, the drip irrigation belts are fixed, and the wind resistance is enhanced. The sowing quantity is 20 kg/mu.

(3) Field management

A. Water and fertilizer management

By using a dry processWheat planted in a wet-out mode is timely dripped for 1 time after sowing, and the irrigation quantity is 25m ³ Per mu, 1 time of water dripping before winter freezing, and 35m of water filling quantity ³ Per mu. The wheat is not irrigated after entering winter, enters a water and fertilizer management period after turning green, and is specifically shown in table 1.

Table 1 different period of wheat watering treatment

Topdressing is carried out in the period from the green returning period to the grouting period, the topdressing is carried out for 5 times together with water, and 6 kg/mu of urea (containing pure N more than or equal to 46%) is dripped each time, 2 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate and 4 kg/mu of monoammonium phosphate are dripped each time.

B. Chemical control

Cycocel is sprayed for 2 times before wheat is jointed, and water is added into the cycocel with the dosage of 180mL per mu for 30kg for spraying. The first spraying is performed for 3 months and 20 days, and the second spraying is performed for 4 months and 10 days.

C. Weed control

Before the wheat jointing period, 20% dimethyl tetrachloro water agent 150mL and 5% oxazoline-clodinafop-propargyl emulsifiable concentrate 90mL/666.7m are used for 4 months and 5 days ² Adding 30kg of water for spraying, wherein the spraying is uniform and fine.

D. Pest control

For preventing and treating powdery mildew and rust disease of wheat in 22 days of 4 months, 10mL/666.7m can be used ² Yangcai (25% propiconazole+6% azoxystrobin) or 10mL/666.7m ² The intelligent commander (15% tebuconazole plus 8% azoxystrobin) is mixed with 30kg of water for spray control. The wheat booting period has aphid rate up to 50%, and the average aphid amount of 200-250 heads (in the middle ten days of 5 months) can be controlled by using 5% imidacloprid wettable powder 30g/666.7m ² Or 20% acetamiprid wettable powder 10g/666.7m ² Adding 30kg of water for spray control.

(4) Harvesting

Removing branch pipes and related supporting facilities of the drip irrigation system before harvesting, mechanically harvesting in the wheat full-maturing period, and airing in time after harvesting in the period of 25 days of 2023 and 6 months.

Fourth crop Xia Qiuxian corn cultivation method

(1) And (5) performing previous stubble processing and pre-sowing preparation. And (5) pulling and transporting the wheat in time after wheat harvest to clean the wheat field. The coated seeds are selected for the harm of underground pests such as cutworm and the like. And applying 3000 kg/mu of farmyard manure which is thoroughly decomposed and subjected to harmless treatment per mu, uniformly spreading the farmyard manure into fields, and simultaneously spreading 20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate as a base fertilizer for deep ploughing, wherein the depth is 25-30cm.

(2) After the land is leveled, soil sealing treatment is carried out, 150mL of 38% atrazine suspending agent and 80mL of 90% Henaisi emulsifiable concentrate are added with 40-60kg of water for each mu or 150mL of 38% atrazine suspending agent and 100mL of metolachlor are added with 40-60kg of water for each mu in 28 days of 6 months, the soil is uniformly sprayed on the ground, the harrow depth is 2-3cm, and sowing is carried out after soil mixing.

(3) The seeds are sown in 2023, 7 months and 1 day, the variety is Jianong 861, the wide row spacing is 60cm, the narrow row spacing is 40cm and the plant spacing is 30cm by adopting a drip irrigation planting mode under a film.

(4) Field management

A. Moisture management

Seedling water is filled in 2023, 7 and 2 days for 1 time and about 20m ³ Per mu, the water content of the soil is 70% of the field water holding capacity; after the corn has seven-leaf expanding period to the jointing booting period, the soil moisture is kept at 70% of the field water holding capacity, 1 time of irrigation is carried out every 5-7 days, and the irrigation amount of each time is 20-25m ³ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The water is irrigated 1 time every 5-7 days before the heading and blooming period and fresh ear harvesting period, and the irrigation amount of each time is preferably 20-25m ³ The soil moisture is kept at 80% of the field water holding capacity, and the water is stopped 7 days before the fresh ears are harvested.

B. Fertilizer management

The dosages of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer in the whole growth period are respectively 20 kg, 15 kg and 10 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is applied in four drops. Applying 5 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 3 kg/mu of potash fertilizer when expanding leaves for 8-9 days for the first time; applying 5 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 3 kg/mu of potash fertilizer when 12-14 leaves are spread for the second time; third time: about 5 days after spinning, applying nitrogenous fertilizer 5kg/667m ² 5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 4 kg/mu of potash fertilizer; in the powder dispersing period for the fourth timeApplying nitrogen fertilizer 5 kg/mu.

C. Intertillage weeding

After sowing the fresh corn, cultivating and weeding are carried out when the corn leaves are three-leaf and six-leaf. Weeding adopts a weeding mode combining man, machine and chemical to kill weeds; chemical weeding is carried out in the 4-6 leaf stage of corn, and the special herbicide for corn is used for weeding with 120mL/667m of mesotrione ² Water 20L was ground sprayed.

D. Pest control

Can be used for preventing and treating corn borer by using trichogramma, beauveria bassiana and other products. In order to improve the control effect, the chlorantraniliprole which is a low-toxicity chemical pesticide can also be used for controlling corn borer and cotton bollworm in the middle and later period of corn growth. The chlorantraniliprole is 15 mL/mu, and can be sprayed for 2 nd times at intervals of 30 days for controlling 30L of water in a field by spraying.

(5) Ear harvesting

The optimal harvest period of the fresh corn is between 20 and 22 days after spinning. For mechanical harvesting and processing, the grain moisture content is between 50-60%, which is a preferred harvest time.

The statistics show that: calculating the yield of first corn with yield 3300 spike and 0.33 ten thousand yuan according to mu income; the yield of the second-crop autumn and winter radishes is 6000kg, and the yield value is 0.48 ten thousand yuan; the yield of the winter wheat planted in the third crop is 600kg, and the yield value is 0.21 ten thousand yuan; the yield of the fourth crop of fresh corn is 3300 spike, the yield value is 0.33 ten thousand yuan, the overall mode income is 1.35 ten thousand yuan, and the pure income is increased by 0.52 ten thousand yuan compared with the two-year triple-cropping general planting mode (the locally known conventional planting mode) of peasant households 'normal sowing corn + autumn winter wheat + multi-sowing corn'.

Example 2

in 2022 to 2023, this was done in the county of wining.

Cultivation method of first-crop spring and summer fresh corn

(1) Land preparation

And (3) preparing the land in 10 months and 15 days of 2021, applying 3000 kg/mu of farmyard manure which is thoroughly decomposed and subjected to innocuous treatment per mu, uniformly spreading the farmyard manure into the field before autumn turning, and simultaneously spreading 20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate as a base fertilizer, and ploughing the land to 35cm. Winter irrigation (flood irrigation) is carried out for 12 months 15, so that sterilization and deinsectization are facilitated, and the water content of the soil is maintained.

(2) Soil preparation

(3) Soil closure

The soil is sealed after the land is leveled, and the soil is uniformly sprayed on the ground, raked to a depth of 2-3cm and sown after soil mixing, wherein 200mL of 38% atrazine suspending agent and 40-60kg of water are added into 100mL of 90% Henaisi emulsifiable concentrate or 200mL of 38% atrazine suspending agent and 40-60kg of water are added into 120mL of fine metolachlor for each mu 2 days before sowing.

(4) Sowing in good time

The spring sowing is carried out at a proper sowing time when the local temperature is stabilized at 12 ℃, the sowing is carried out in 2022 and 4 months and 12 days, the variety is ten thousand glutinous 2000, the under-film drip irrigation planting mode is adopted, the wide row spacing is 60cm, the narrow row spacing is 40cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, and the sowing amount is 1.8 kg/mu.

(5) Field management

A. Moisture management

The total growth period is 10-12 times of irrigation, 1-3 days after sowing, 1 time of irrigation about 18m ³ Per mu, the water content of the soil is 65% of the field water holding capacity; after the corn has seven-leaf spreading period to the jointing booting period, water is irrigated for 1 time every 5-7 days, and the water irrigation quantity of each time is 20-25m < 3 >, so that the soil moisture is kept at 70% of the field water holding capacity; the water is irrigated for 1 time every 5-7 days before the heading and flowering period and the fresh ear harvesting period, and the irrigation quantity of each time is preferably 20-25m < 3 >, so that the soil moisture is kept at 75% of the field water holding capacity, and the water is stopped 7 days before the fresh ear harvesting.

B. Fertilizer management

Nitrogen fertilizer (N) urea and phosphorus fertilizer (P) in whole growth period ₂ O ₅ ) Potassium fertilizer (K) ₂ The dosage of O) is 23, 16 and 12 kg/mu respectively, and the dripping is performed in four times. Applying 5 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 6 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 3 kg/mu of potash fertilizer when expanding leaves for 8-9 days for the first time; applying 6 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer and 5 kg/mu of phosphatic fertilizer when 12-14 leaves are spread for the second time4 kg/mu of potash fertilizer; third time: about 5 days after spinning, applying nitrogenous fertilizer 6kg/667m ² 5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 5 kg/mu of potash fertilizer; and in the powder scattering period for the fourth time, 6 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer is applied.

C. Intertillage weeding

D. Pest control

Can be used for preventing and treating corn borer by using trichogramma, beauveria bassiana and other products. In order to improve the control effect, the chlorantraniliprole which is a low-toxicity chemical pesticide can also be used for controlling corn borer and cotton bollworm in the middle and later period of corn growth. The chlorantraniliprole is 15 mL/mu, 30kg of water is sprayed in the field for prevention and treatment, and the 2 nd spraying can be performed at intervals of 30 days.

(5) Ear harvesting

Cultivation method of second-crop autumn and winter radishes

(1) Applying base fertilizer, preparing soil and ridging

(2) Sowing seeds

The seed can be planted by adopting a manual dibbling or semi-mechanical micro planter at the time of 2022 and 7 months and 30 days, the variety is Zheng Yan 791, 3 rows are planted on one ridge, a ventilated and light-transmitting ridge planting mode (wide and narrow rows) is formed, the average row spacing is 40cm, namely, the equal row spacing on the ridge surface is 15cm, the plant spacing is 25-30cm, the seedling protection per mu is about 5500-6500, 2-3 seeds are sowed in each hill, and the seed consumption per mu is 450-500 g.

(3) Thinning and weeding

(5) Water and fertilizer management

Watering for 2-3 times according to the emergence condition, properly controlling watering after seedling alignment, watering for 1 time when fleshy roots start to obviously expand, keeping soil moist, watering for 1 time at intervals of 7-10 days, and watering water amount for 30-35m each time ³ . Irrigation was stopped within 5-7 days before harvest. Starting topdressing after seedling setting, performing primary topdressing in the seedling stage, and applying 8 kg/mu of urea; and respectively applying 2 times of fertilizers in the belly breaking period and the shoulder exposing period, and applying 20 kg/mu of quick-acting nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer each time.

(6) Harvesting at the right time

The single turnips can be harvested after reaching more than 400 g, and the harvesting and the field cleaning are completed in 10 months and 1 day of 2022.

Method for cultivating third-crop winter wheat

(1) Pre-cast preparation

(2) Sowing seeds

The process is carried out in 10 and 5 days of 2022, the line spacing of 15cm is adopted for drill sowing, no ridge is reserved in the middle, and the variety is new winter 22. Sowing in a seed and fertilizer separation mode, wherein the sowing depth is 3-4cm, and the diammonium phosphate with seed fertilizer is 12 kg/mu. Every 3 rows of drip irrigation belts are paved, the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 45cm, the drip irrigation belts are buried in the depth of 1-2cm of soil by opening shallow grooves, the drip irrigation belts are fixed, and the wind resistance is enhanced. The sowing quantity is 20 kg/mu.

(3) Field management

A. Water and fertilizer management

Wheat planted by adopting a dry sowing and wet sowing mode is timely dripped for 1 time after sowing, and the irrigation quantity is 25m ³ Per mu, 1 time of water dripping before winter freezing, and 35m of water filling quantity ³ Per mu. The wheat is not irrigated after entering winter, enters a water and fertilizer management period after turning green, and is specifically shown in table 1.

Table 1 different period of wheat watering treatment

B. Chemical control

Cycocel is sprayed for 2 times before wheat is jointed, and water is added into the cycocel with the dosage of 180mL per mu for 30kg for spraying. The first spraying is performed for 25 days in 3 months, and the second spraying is performed for 15 days in 4 months.

C. Weed control

Before the wheat jointing period, 20% dimethyl tetrachloro water agent 150mL and 5% oxazoline-clodinafop-propargyl emulsifiable concentrate 90mL/666.7m are used for 4 months and 8 days ² Adding 30kg of water for spraying, wherein the spraying is uniform and fine.

D. Pest control

(4) Harvesting

Removing branch pipes and related supporting facilities of the drip irrigation system before harvesting, mechanically harvesting in the wheat full-maturing period, and airing in time after harvesting in the period of 28 days of 2023 and 6 months.

Fourth crop Xia Qiuxian corn cultivation method

(2) After the land is leveled, soil sealing treatment is carried out, 150mL of 38% atrazine suspending agent and 80mL of 90% Henaisi emulsifiable concentrate are mixed with 40-60kg of water for each mu in 30 days of 6 months, or 150mL of 38% atrazine suspending agent and 100mL of metolachlor are mixed with 40-60kg of water, the soil is uniformly sprayed on the ground, the harrow depth is 2-3cm, and the soil is mixed and then sown.

(3) Sowing in 2023 and 7 months and 2 days, wherein the variety is Wan glutinous 188, and adopting a drip irrigation planting mode under a film, wherein the wide row spacing is 60cm, the narrow row spacing is 40cm and the plant spacing is 35cm.

(4) Field management

A. Moisture management

Seedling water is filled in 2023, 7 and 4 days for 1 time and about 20m ³ Per mu, the water content of the soil is 70% of the field water holding capacity; after the corn has seven-leaf expanding period to the jointing booting period, water is irrigated for 1 time every 5-7 days, and the water irrigation quantity of each time is 20-25m ³ The soil moisture is kept at 70% of the field water holding capacity; preferably, the water is irrigated for 1 time every 5-7 days before the heading and flowering period and the fresh ear harvesting period, and the irrigation amount of each time is preferably 20-25m ³ The soil moisture is kept at 80% of the field water holding capacity, and the water is stopped 7 days before the fresh ears are harvested.

B. Fertilizer management

The dosages of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer in the whole growth period are respectively 20 kg, 15 kg and 10 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is applied in four drops. Applying 5 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 3 kg/mu of potash fertilizer when expanding leaves for 8-9 days for the first time; applying 5 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 3 kg/mu of potash fertilizer when 12-14 leaves are spread for the second time; third time: about 5 days after spinning, applying nitrogenous fertilizer 5kg/667m ² 5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 4 kg/mu of potash fertilizer; and in the powder scattering period for the fourth time, 5 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer is applied.

C. Intertillage weeding

The corn is planted in three or six leaves after sowingAnd (3) good cultivation and weeding work. Weeding adopts a weeding mode combining man, machine and chemical to kill weeds; chemical weeding is carried out in the 4-6 leaf period of corn, 120mL/667m of special herbicide for corn is used for preparing the herbicide for cultivating the mesotrione (mesotrione) ² Water 20L was ground sprayed.

D. Pest control

(5) Ear harvesting

The statistics show that: calculating the yield of first corn with yield 3300 spike and 0.33 ten thousand yuan according to mu income; the yield of the second-crop autumn and winter radishes is 6000kg, and the yield value is 0.48 ten thousand yuan; the yield of the winter wheat planted in the third crop is 600kg, and the yield value is 0.21 ten thousand yuan; the yield of the fourth crop of fresh corn is 3000 ears, the yield value is 0.30 ten thousand yuan, the overall mode income is 1.32 ten thousand yuan, and the pure income is increased by 0.49 ten thousand yuan compared with the normal planting mode of peasant households, namely, the normal sowing of feed corn, autumn winter wheat and the multi-sowing of feed corn (the local known conventional planting mode).

Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The two-year-four-harvest rotation cultivation method suitable for the southern Xinjiang is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

2. The two-year-four crop rotation cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the variety of the fresh corn of step 1) comprises a high quality and high yield variety;

step 3) the winter wheat varieties include early maturing varieties;

3. The two-year-four crop rotation cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the variety of the fresh corn in step 1) comprises one or more of ten thousand glutinous 2000, genitals glutinous 2000, ten thousand glutinous 188 and jia nong 861;

4. The two-year-four crop rotation cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the mode of planting in step 1) comprises a drip irrigation under film planting mode, a row spacing of 40-60cm and a plant spacing of 30-40cm; the sowing amount is 1.5-1.9 kg/mu;

5. The two-year-four rotation cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the field management of step 1) comprises water management, fertilizer management, intertillage weeding, pest control and ear harvesting of the planted fresh corn;

the fertilizer management comprises the steps of respectively applying 20-24 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 15-18 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 10-14 kg/mu of potash fertilizer in the whole growth period of the fresh corn; the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are uniformly applied for four times;

6. The two-year-four rotation cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein step 2) said field management comprises thinning, weeding, moisture management, fertilizer management and harvesting of planted winter radishes;

the fertilizer management includes: 3000kg of organic fertilizer, 20kg of diammonium phosphate and 30kg of common calcium are spread per mu before sowing. Starting topdressing after seedling establishment, performing primary topdressing in the seedling stage, and applying 7-10 kg/mu of urea; respectively applying 2 times of quick-acting nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the belly breaking period and the shoulder exposing period, wherein the application amount of each time is 15-20 kg/mu;

7. The two-year-four crop rotation cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the field management of step 3) comprises moisture management, fertilizer management, chemical control management, weed control and pest control of the planted winter wheat;

8. The two-year-four crop rotation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field management of step 4) includes moisture management, fertilizer management, intertillage weeding, pest control, and ear adoption of the planted fresh corn;

the total growth period of irrigation is 10-12 times including 1-3 days after sowing, and 15-20m for 1 st irrigation ³ After each mu of corn has a seven-leaf spreading period, water is irrigated 1 time every 5-7 days, and the water irrigation quantity of each time is 20-25m ³ Water is cut off 7 days before harvesting fresh spikes per mu;

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step 4) further comprises a step of cultivating or planting winter wheat after the stubble cleaning.