CN117817924A - 一种耐高温型多层共挤膜、制备工艺及在航空航天中的应用 - Google Patents
一种耐高温型多层共挤膜、制备工艺及在航空航天中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117817924A CN117817924A CN202410249998.2A CN202410249998A CN117817924A CN 117817924 A CN117817924 A CN 117817924A CN 202410249998 A CN202410249998 A CN 202410249998A CN 117817924 A CN117817924 A CN 117817924A
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Abstract
本发明涉及耐高温型多层共挤膜研发技术领域,且公开了一种耐高温型多层共挤膜、制备工艺及在航空航天中的应用,该耐高温型多层共挤膜的制备工艺为:首先设置十一层共挤膜;之后基于π‑π堆积效应,利用芳醚酮脲基石墨烯对聚醚醚酮基体进行复合改性,制备得到交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料,以该复合材料为耐高温层的原料、低密度聚乙烯树脂为支撑层的原料、乙烯‑乙烯醇共聚树脂为阻隔层的原料、马来酸酐接枝低密度聚乙烯树脂为粘合层的原料,采用多层共挤和流延成膜工艺,制备得到十一层共挤膜。本发明提供了一种制备十一层共挤膜的工艺,并且制备得到了一种耐高温型多层共挤膜,该耐高温型多层共挤膜能够在制造航空航天复合材料构件中应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及耐高温型多层共挤膜研发技术领域,具体为一种耐高温型多层共挤膜、制备工艺及在航空航天中的应用。
背景技术
复合材料表面膜已经成为制造航空航天复合材料构件的基本材料之一,其以聚醚醚酮聚合物为基础,在较高温度的航空航天复合材料加工中使用。而多层共挤复合材料因其优异的力学性能及阻隔性能,在航空航天领域具有良好的发展前景。多层共挤技术是指将不同物料采用多台挤出机挤出,然后通过一个多流道的复合模头,汇合挤出,经过冷却、定型、收卷,最终得到具有多层结构的复合制品的加工过程。多层共挤法作为一种一次性成型的加工方法,避免了传统的复合、涂附等后加工工艺,可以有效降低生产成本;采用多层共挤出的方法制备的薄膜兼具多种聚合物的优良性能,在工业生产中已有广泛应用。而传统多层共挤膜存在热稳定性差、使用温度范围窄、尺寸稳定性差等缺点,这限制了其在航空航天领域的实际使用价值。
检索发现,通过对传统聚合物材料改性,如引入热稳定性优异的无机纳米填料,能够显著改善聚合物材料的耐高温性能。然而,无机纳米填料具有较差的分散性,常常会发生团聚导致材料的物理性能变差,因此需要特殊的界面设计来改善界面相容性和界面作用力。公开号为CN117304573A的专利公开了一种橡胶用耐高温耐磨助剂及其制备方法,通过六氯环三磷腈和6-甲基-4-(3-羟基苯基)-2-硫代-1,2,3,4-四氢嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯发生亲核取代反应,再接枝到羧基化石墨烯上,最后与烯类硅烷偶联剂发生点击反应,得到改性石墨烯,以其为助剂能够提高橡胶的耐高温性能。
此外,电子科技大学在2010年刊出的詹迎青的博士学位论文《多壁碳纳米管的表面修饰与聚芳醚腈复合材料》公开了在热稳定性优异的无机纳米填料表面修饰与聚芳醚腈有类似结构的4-氨基苯氧基邻苯二甲腈,将其与聚芳醚腈复合时可以有效增强材料的力学性能和热稳定性。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种耐高温型多层共挤膜、制备工艺及在航空航天中的应用,利用芳醚酮脲基偶联剂和芳醚酮脲基交联剂对石墨烯组分进行修饰、通过π-π堆积效应对聚醚醚酮进行复合改性、实现提高无机耐高温纳米填料与有机聚合物基体之间界面相容性和界面作用力的技术功效,并且在此基础上采用多层共挤和流延成膜工艺,制备得到一种耐高温型多层共挤膜,其具有优异的耐高温性能及力学性能,可以在航空航天领域中应用。
一种耐高温型多层共挤膜的制备工艺,包括下述步骤:
步骤一:设置十一层共挤膜,其结构为:支撑层、支撑层、粘合层、阻隔层、粘合层、耐高温层、粘合层、阻隔层、粘合层、支撑层、支撑层;
步骤二:基于π-π堆积效应,利用芳醚酮脲基石墨烯对聚醚醚酮基体进行复合改性,制备得到交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料;
步骤三:以交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料为耐高温层的原料、低密度聚乙烯树脂为支撑层的原料、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚树脂为阻隔层的原料、马来酸酐接枝低密度聚乙烯树脂为粘合层的原料,采用多层共挤和流延成膜工艺,制备得到十一层共挤膜。
优选的,所述交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料的制备方法为:利用π-π堆积作用,将芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ和/或芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ均匀分散在聚醚醚酮基体中,制备得到交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料;
所述芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ的制备方法为:通过芳醚酮脲基偶联剂对羟基化石墨烯进行修饰制备而成;
所述芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ的制备方法为:通过芳醚酮脲基偶联剂和芳醚酮脲基交联剂共同对羟基化石墨烯进行修饰制备而成。
优选的,所述芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ的制备方法为:
步骤S1-1:以4-羟基二苯甲酮为亲核试剂,通过1-溴-4-硝基苯的溴官能团与4-羟基二苯甲酮的羟基官能团发生亲核取代反应,生成硝基苯氧基二苯甲酮;
步骤S1-2:采用二氯化锡为还原剂,通过浓盐酸催化硝基苯氧基二苯甲酮的硝基官能团发生还原反应,生成氨基苯氧基二苯甲酮;
步骤S1-3:通过氨基苯氧基二苯甲酮的氨基官能团与3-异氰酸基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的异氰酸酯基团发生加成反应,生成芳醚酮脲基偶联剂;
步骤S1-4:利用芳醚酮脲基偶联剂对羟基化石墨烯进行修饰,得到芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ。
优选的,所述芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ的制备方法为:
步骤S2-1:以4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮为亲核试剂,通过1-溴-4-硝基苯的溴官能团与4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮的羟基官能团发生亲核取代反应,生成双(硝基苯氧基)二苯甲酮;
步骤S2-2:采用二氯化锡为还原剂,通过浓盐酸催化双(硝基苯氧基)二苯甲酮的硝基官能团发生还原反应,生成双(氨基苯氧基)二苯甲酮;
步骤S2-3:通过双(氨基苯氧基)二苯甲酮的氨基官能团与3-异氰酸基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的异氰酸酯基团发生加成反应,生成芳醚酮脲基交联剂;
步骤S2-4:利用芳醚酮脲基偶联剂和芳醚酮脲基交联剂共同对羟基化石墨烯进行修饰,得到芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ。
优选的,所述耐高温层的制备工艺参数设置为:螺杆挤出机1-3区的温度分别为310~330℃、340~360℃、360~390℃,流道温度为350~380℃,转速为50~80r/min。
根据上述工艺制备得到的一种耐高温型多层共挤膜为十一层共挤膜。
优选的,所述十一层共挤膜的厚度为50~200μm。
优选的,所述耐高温层使用的原料为交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料或共混型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料;
所述共混型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料是通过物理共混方法,将石墨烯均匀分散在聚醚醚酮基体中制备而成的。
优选的,所述交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料包括交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅰ和/或交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅱ;
所述交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅰ是通过π-π堆积作用,将芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ均匀分散在聚醚醚酮基体中制备而成的;
所述交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅱ是通过π-π堆积作用,将芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ均匀分散在聚醚醚酮基体中制备而成的。
根据上述工艺制备得到的一种耐高温型多层共挤膜在制造航空航天复合材料构件中的应用。
有益效果
本发明设计一种新型的十一层共挤膜结构,并且基于此研发了一种新型的耐高温中间层,该耐高温中间层以石墨烯和聚醚醚酮为原料,石墨烯通过π-π堆积效应与聚醚醚酮进行复合,采用多层共挤和流延成膜工艺,制备得到十一层共挤膜;
通过实验结果发现:本发明所制备的十一层共挤膜具备优异的高温力学性能,能够在航空航天领域作为耐高温功能膜应用。
附图说明
图1为合成芳醚酮脲基偶联剂的合成路线;
图2为芳醚酮脲基偶联剂的氢谱图;
图3为合成芳醚酮脲基交联剂的合成路线;
图4为芳醚酮脲基交联剂的氢谱图;
图5为十一层共挤膜的产品结构图;
其中,标号1为耐高温层,标号2-1、2-2、4-1和4-2均为粘合层,标号3-1和3-2均为阻隔层,标号5-1、5-2、6-1和6-2均为支撑层;
图6为十一层共挤膜产品的性能实验结果。
具体实施方式
实验例:
研发试验一:制备芳醚酮脲基偶联剂,如图1所示,其合成过程如下:
(1)合成硝基苯氧基二苯甲酮,其具体合成方法为:以4-羟基二苯甲酮为亲核试剂,通过1-溴-4-硝基苯的溴官能团与4-羟基二苯甲酮的羟基官能团发生亲核取代反应,生成硝基苯氧基二苯甲酮,其具体实验步骤为:将2.1g 1-溴-4-硝基苯、1.4g碳酸钾和50mL丙酮加入到三口瓶中,在氮气保护和机械搅拌作用下,升温至30℃溶解1h,之后向三口瓶中逐滴滴加20mL 4-羟基二苯甲酮溶液(由2.0g 4-羟基二苯甲酮和20mL丙酮配制),升温至70℃回流反应10h,冷却后过滤、依次用丙酮和去离子水洗涤、真空干燥,得到硝基苯氧基二苯甲酮;
(2)合成氨基苯氧基二苯甲酮,其具体合成方法为:采用二氯化锡为还原剂,通过浓盐酸催化硝基苯氧基二苯甲酮的硝基官能团发生还原反应,生成氨基苯氧基二苯甲酮,其具体实验步骤为:将3.2g硝基苯氧基二苯甲酮、45g二氯化锡、20mL 37wt%浓盐酸和200mL无水乙醇加入到三口瓶中,在机械搅拌作用下,升温至85℃回流反应5h,冷却12h,依次利用丙酮洗涤、去离子水溶解、抽滤,之后利用4wt%氢氧化钠水溶液调节pH=10、抽滤、真空干燥,得到氨基苯氧基二苯甲酮;
(3)合成芳醚酮脲基偶联剂,其具体合成方法为:通过氨基苯氧基二苯甲酮的氨基官能团与3-异氰酸基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的异氰酸酯基团发生加成反应,生成芳醚酮脲基偶联剂,其具体实验步骤为:将2.9g氨基苯氧基二苯甲酮和40mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺加入到三口瓶中,在氮气保护和机械搅拌作用下,向三口瓶中逐滴滴加10mL 3-异氰酸基丙基三甲氧基硅烷溶液(由2.1g 3-异氰酸基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和10mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺配制),缓慢升温至60℃搅拌反应2h,冷却后利用乙酸乙酯萃取、饱和食盐水洗涤、过滤、干燥,得到芳醚酮脲基偶联剂,其氢谱(测试条件为:400Hz、DMSO-d6)的表征结果如图2所示,由该氢谱图可知:化学位移为5.97-5.99ppm的三重峰归属于脲基基团中与亚甲基相邻的NH官能团,化学位移为8.23ppm的单峰归属于脲基基团中与苯基相邻的NH官能团,化学位移为6.89-7.95ppm的多重峰归属于苯环上的氢,结合化学积分面积能够推断芳醚酮脲基偶联剂合成成功。
研发试验二:制备芳醚酮脲基交联剂,如图3所示,其合成过程如下:
(1)合成双(硝基苯氧基)二苯甲酮,其具体合成方法为:以4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮为亲核试剂,通过1-溴-4-硝基苯的溴官能团与4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮的羟基官能团发生亲核取代反应,生成双(硝基苯氧基)二苯甲酮,其具体合成步骤及合成反应条件参见硝基苯氧基二苯甲酮的合成实验,其与硝基苯氧基二苯甲酮合成实验的区别部分在于:用1.1g 4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮替换2.0g 4-羟基二苯甲酮;
(2)双(氨基苯氧基)二苯甲酮,其具体合成方法为:采用二氯化锡为还原剂,通过浓盐酸催化双(硝基苯氧基)二苯甲酮的硝基官能团发生还原反应,生成双(氨基苯氧基)二苯甲酮,其合成步骤及合成反应条件参见氨基苯氧基二苯甲酮的合成实验,其与氨基苯氧基二苯甲酮合成实验的区别部分在于:用2.3g双(硝基苯氧基)二苯甲酮替换3.2g硝基苯氧基二苯甲酮;
(3)合成芳醚酮脲基交联剂,其具体合成方法为:通过双(氨基苯氧基)二苯甲酮的氨基官能团与3-异氰酸基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的异氰酸酯基团发生加成反应,生成芳醚酮脲基交联剂,其合成步骤及合成反应条件参见芳醚酮脲基偶联剂的合成实验,其与芳醚酮脲基偶联剂合成实验的区别部分在于:用2.0g双(氨基苯氧基)二苯甲酮替换2.9g氨基苯氧基二苯甲酮,其氢谱(测试条件为:400Hz、DMSO-d6)的表征结果如图4所示,由该氢谱图可知:化学位移为6.10-6.12ppm的三重峰归属于脲基基团中与亚甲基相邻的NH官能团,化学位移为8.46ppm的单峰归属于脲基基团中与苯基相邻的NH官能团,化学位移为6.84-7.79ppm的多重峰归属于苯环上的氢,结合化学积分面积能够推断推断芳醚酮脲基交联剂合成成功。
实施例1:
(1)制备芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ,其制备方法为:利用芳醚酮脲基偶联剂对羟基化石墨烯进行修饰,得到芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ,其具体实验步骤为:在氮气保护和机械搅拌作用下,将2g芳醚酮脲基偶联剂、0.5g羟基化石墨烯和50 mL异丙醇加入到圆底烧瓶中,升温至25℃搅拌反应6h,之后向烧瓶中滴加1mL氨水,继续搅拌反应18h,利用无水乙醇洗涤、过滤,旋转蒸发、真空干燥,得到芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ;
制备交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅰ,其制备方法为:利用π-π堆积作用,将芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ均匀分散在聚醚醚酮基体中,制备得到交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅰ,其具体实验步骤如下:将5g聚醚醚酮树脂和100mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺加入到两口瓶中,在机械搅拌作用下,升温至30℃溶解1h,之后向两口瓶中滴加10mL芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ分散液(由0.5g芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ和10mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺配制),升温至70℃搅拌反应3h,冷却后浇筑在聚四氟乙烯模具中,依次在80℃、100℃、130℃烘箱中干燥12h,得到交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅰ;
(2)制备芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ,其制备方法为:利用芳醚酮脲基偶联剂和芳醚酮脲基交联剂共同对羟基化石墨烯进行修饰,得到芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ,其具体实验步骤为:在氮气保护和机械搅拌作用下,将1g芳醚酮脲基偶联剂、1g芳醚酮脲基交联剂、0.5g羟基化石墨烯和50 mL异丙醇加入到圆底烧瓶中,升温至25℃搅拌反应6h,之后向烧瓶中滴加1mL氨水,继续搅拌反应18h,利用无水乙醇洗涤、过滤,旋转蒸发、真空干燥,得到芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ。
制备交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅱ,其制备方法为:利用π-π堆积作用,将芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ均匀分散在聚醚醚酮基体中,制备得到交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅱ,其具体实验步骤为:使用芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ替代制备交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅰ中的芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ,按照相同的实验步骤及反应条件,制备得到交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅱ;
(3)制备共混型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料,其制备方法为:利用物理共混方法,将石墨烯均匀分散在聚醚醚酮基体中,制备得到共混型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料,其具体制备步骤为:将5g聚醚醚酮树脂和100mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺加入到两口瓶中,在机械搅拌作用下,升温至30℃溶解1h,之后向两口瓶中滴加10mL石墨烯纳米片分散液(由0.5g石墨烯纳米片和10mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺配制),升温至70℃搅拌反应3h,冷却后浇筑在聚四氟乙烯模具中,依次在80℃、100℃、130℃烘箱中干燥12h,得到共混型共混型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料;
其中,聚醚醚酮树脂购自东莞市百荣塑胶原料有限公司,其牌号为:450G;石墨烯纳米片为购自上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司、其货号为G139804的纳米石墨烯片,其规格或纯度:>99.5%、厚度4~20nm、直径5~10μm。
羟基化石墨烯的制备方法为:将1g石墨烯纳米片和100mL去离子水加入圆底烧瓶中,超声1h、形成石墨烯纳米片分散液,滴加0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液调节至pH=3,在机械搅拌作用下,升温至35℃,依次向烧瓶中逐滴滴加10mL氯化亚铁溶液(0.9g氯化亚铁和10mL去离子水配制)和10m L 30wt%过氧化氢溶液,继续搅拌反应30min,利用0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液洗涤除去残留的铁离子、通过硫氰化钾溶液检测铁离子是否完全除去,之后利用去离子水洗涤除去H+和Cl-、通过pH试纸和硝酸银溶液检测H+和Cl-是否完全除去,真空干燥,得到羟基化石墨烯。
实施例2:
(1)制备十一层共挤膜Ⅰ:利用十一层共挤薄膜流延机组,制备得到厚度为100μm的十一层共挤膜Ⅰ,如图5所示,十一层共挤膜Ⅰ的对称膜结构依次为:支撑层6-1、支撑层5-1、粘合层4-1、阻隔层3-1、粘合层2-1、耐高温层1、粘合层2-2、阻隔层3-2、粘合层4-2、支撑层5-2、支撑层6-2,基于该膜结构的质量配比为15:15:2.5:5:2.5:20:2.5:5:2.5:15:15;
其中,耐高温层1的原料为交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅰ;
上述粘合层的原料均为马来酸酐接枝低密度聚乙烯树脂、其购自东莞市滔滔塑胶原料有限公司、规格为:4288、Mn~130000;
上述阻隔层的原料均为乙烯-乙烯醇共聚树脂、其购自东莞市凯茜利塑胶原料有限公司、规格为:E105B、Mn~10000;
上述支撑层的原料均为低密度聚乙烯树脂、其购自中海壳牌石油化工有限公司、规格为:2420H、Mn~180000,MFR 2.0~2.5g/10min;
耐高温层对应的螺杆挤出机的工艺参数设置为:1-3区的温度分别为320℃、350℃、370℃,流道温度为360℃,转速为60r/min;
粘合层对应的螺杆挤出机的工艺参数设置为:1-3区的温度分别为115℃、145℃、160℃,流道温度为150℃,转速为15r/min;
阻隔层对应的螺杆挤出机的工艺参数设置为:1-3区的温度分别为180℃、200℃、210℃,流道温度为205℃,转速为40r/min;
支撑层对应的螺杆挤出机的工艺参数设置为:1-3区的温度分别为110℃、140℃、160℃,流道温度为150℃,转速为30r/min。
(2)制备十一层共挤膜Ⅱ:仅使用交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅱ替代十一层共挤膜Ⅰ中的交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅰ,其余部分均与十一层共挤膜Ⅰ相同,制备得到十一层共挤膜Ⅱ。
(3)制备十一层共挤膜Ⅲ:仅使用共混型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料替代十一层共挤膜Ⅰ中的交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅰ,其余部分均与十一层共挤膜Ⅰ相同,制备得到十一层共挤膜Ⅲ。
(4)制备十一层共挤膜:仅使用聚醚醚酮树脂替代十一层共挤膜Ⅰ中的交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅰ,其余部分均与十一层共挤膜Ⅰ相同,制备得到十一层共挤膜,其作为对比例。
性能测试:
一、力学性能测试:
(1)常温力学性能测试:将室温下150mm×20mm的样品固定在Instron 5565万能拉伸试验机上,以5mm/min的拉伸速率进行拉伸测试;
(2)高温力学性能测试:将150mm×20mm的样品首先置于烘箱中在200℃下高温处理48h,之后固定在Instron 5565万能拉伸试验机上,以5mm/min的拉伸速率进行拉伸测试;
上述测试结果见下表1,并且根据表1中的测试数据绘制得到图6。
表1 共挤膜的力学性能测试结果
二、阻隔性能测试:
分别按照GB/T 1038-2000和GB/T 1037-2021对样品进行氧气透过量性能测试和水蒸气透过量性能测试,其具体测试步骤如下:将30cm圆形样品置于环境温度25℃、无水氯化钙做干燥剂的玻璃干燥器中,保持72h,之后使用Y110型氧气透过量测试仪和W3/060型水蒸气透过量测试仪对样品的阻隔性能进行测试;
上述测试结果见下表2。
表2 共挤膜的阻隔性能测试结果
通过分析性能测试结果能够得出下述结论:
结论1:与单独使用聚醚醚酮作为耐高温中间层制备得到的十一层共挤膜相比,利用石墨烯对聚醚醚酮基体进行复合改性并由此制备得到的十一层共挤膜在常温及高温力学性能方面,整体上取得了显著提升的有益技术效果,且其阻隔性能也取得了一定程度的提升;
结论2:石墨烯通过π-π堆积效应对聚醚醚酮进行复合改性并由此制备得到的十一层共挤膜,在常温及高温力学性能方面,要显著优于石墨烯通过物理共混对聚醚醚酮进行复合改性并由此制备得到的十一层共挤膜;
结论3:在耐高温中间层中,同时利用芳醚酮脲基偶联剂和芳醚酮脲基交联剂对石墨烯组分进行修饰,并据此制备得到的十一层共挤膜具有更加优异的力学性能。
Claims (9)
1.一种耐高温型多层共挤膜的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括下述步骤:
步骤一:设置十一层共挤膜,其结构为:支撑层(6-1)、支撑层(5-1)、粘合层(4-1)、阻隔层(3-1)、粘合层(2-1)、耐高温层(1)、粘合层(2-2)、阻隔层(3-2)、粘合层(4-2)、支撑层(5-2)、支撑层(6-2);
步骤二:基于π-π堆积效应,利用芳醚酮脲基石墨烯对聚醚醚酮基体进行复合改性,制备得到交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料;
步骤三:以交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料为耐高温层的原料、低密度聚乙烯树脂为支撑层的原料、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚树脂为阻隔层的原料、马来酸酐接枝低密度聚乙烯树脂为粘合层的原料,采用多层共挤和流延成膜工艺,制备得到十一层共挤膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温型多层共挤膜的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料的制备方法为:利用π-π堆积作用,将芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ和/或芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ均匀分散在聚醚醚酮基体中,制备得到交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料;
所述芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ的制备方法为:通过芳醚酮脲基偶联剂对羟基化石墨烯进行修饰制备而成;
所述芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ的制备方法为:通过芳醚酮脲基偶联剂和芳醚酮脲基交联剂共同对羟基化石墨烯进行修饰制备而成;
所述芳醚酮脲基偶联剂的化学结构式为:
;
所述芳醚酮脲基交联剂的化学结构式为:
。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种耐高温型多层共挤膜的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ的制备方法为:
步骤S1-1:以4-羟基二苯甲酮为亲核试剂,通过1-溴-4-硝基苯的溴官能团与4-羟基二苯甲酮的羟基官能团发生亲核取代反应,生成硝基苯氧基二苯甲酮;
步骤S1-2:采用二氯化锡为还原剂,通过浓盐酸催化硝基苯氧基二苯甲酮的硝基官能团发生还原反应,生成氨基苯氧基二苯甲酮;
步骤S1-3:通过氨基苯氧基二苯甲酮的氨基官能团与3-异氰酸基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的异氰酸酯基团发生加成反应,生成芳醚酮脲基偶联剂;
步骤S1-4:利用芳醚酮脲基偶联剂对羟基化石墨烯进行修饰,得到芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种耐高温型多层共挤膜的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ的制备方法为:
步骤S2-1:以4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮为亲核试剂,通过1-溴-4-硝基苯的溴官能团与4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮的羟基官能团发生亲核取代反应,生成双(硝基苯氧基)二苯甲酮;
步骤S2-2:采用二氯化锡为还原剂,通过浓盐酸催化双(硝基苯氧基)二苯甲酮的硝基官能团发生还原反应,生成双(氨基苯氧基)二苯甲酮;
步骤S2-3:通过双(氨基苯氧基)二苯甲酮的氨基官能团与3-异氰酸基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的异氰酸酯基团发生加成反应,生成芳醚酮脲基交联剂;
步骤S2-4:利用芳醚酮脲基偶联剂和芳醚酮脲基交联剂共同对羟基化石墨烯进行修饰,得到芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温型多层共挤膜的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述耐高温层(1)的制备工艺参数设置为:螺杆挤出机1-3区的温度分别为310~330℃、340~360℃、360~390℃,流道温度为350~380℃,转速为50~80r/min。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的工艺制备得到的一种耐高温型多层共挤膜,其特征在于,所述耐高温型多层共挤膜为厚度为50~200μm的十一层共挤膜。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种耐高温型多层共挤膜,其特征在于,所述耐高温层(1)使用的原料为交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料或共混型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料;
所述共混型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料是通过物理共混方法,将石墨烯均匀分散在聚醚醚酮基体中制备而成的。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种耐高温型多层共挤膜,其特征在于,所述交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料包括交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅰ和/或交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅱ;
所述交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅰ是通过π-π堆积作用,将芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅰ均匀分散在聚醚醚酮基体中制备而成的;
所述交联型石墨烯聚醚醚酮复合材料Ⅱ是通过π-π堆积作用,将芳醚酮脲基石墨烯Ⅱ均匀分散在聚醚醚酮基体中制备而成的。
9.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的工艺制备得到的一种耐高温型多层共挤膜在制造航空航天复合材料构件中的应用。
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CN112852249A (zh) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-28 | 江苏江南烯元石墨烯科技有限公司 | 一种石墨烯聚醚醚酮防腐耐高温粉末涂料制备及使用方法 |
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