CN117805289A - 一种同时检测人体尿液中72种抗生素的方法 - Google Patents
一种同时检测人体尿液中72种抗生素的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117805289A CN117805289A CN202410214192.XA CN202410214192A CN117805289A CN 117805289 A CN117805289 A CN 117805289A CN 202410214192 A CN202410214192 A CN 202410214192A CN 117805289 A CN117805289 A CN 117805289A
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- urine
- methanol
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种同时检测人体尿液中72种抗生素的方法,本发明采用固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱‑三重四级杆串联质谱方法,利用本方法检测人体尿液中抗生素类物质的标准曲线具有良好的线性相关性,R2均大于0.990。本发明可以有效分离4种四环素类原物质(TC、OTC、CTC和DXC)及其差向异构体、2种喹诺酮类原物质(OFL和GATI)及其差向异构体和两类磺胺类同分异构体,对于评估人体抗生素残留情况具有广泛的实际应用价值和意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗生素检测领域,尤其涉及的是一种应用固相萃取与超高液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱同时检测人体尿液中72中抗生素的方法。
背景技术
抗生素是指某些细菌、真菌或其他微生物在生活过程中产生,或用化学方法合成的,具有抗病原体或其他活性的一类化学物质。抗生素过量使用会使产生耐药性,不利于疾病的治疗,而且会造成人体的神经系统、肾脏、血液有不同程度的损伤,更有可能导致人体的死亡。
抗生素的大量使用容易导致其通过直接或间接的途径进入环境,进而危害生物体健康。抗生素可残留在人类食用的肉类和牛奶中,施用于动物的抗生素通过粪便和尿液排出体外 。尿液中的抗生素浓度可以作为评估体内抗生素负荷的潜在生物标志物。然而抗生素检测大多集中在水、饲料和土壤等非生物样品上,很少有研究检测生物样本中抗生素富集情况。尿液作为一种非侵入性的生物样本,可以很容易地从动物和人类身上采集。在临床上,监测尿液中所含抗生素可帮助代谢紊乱的预后,并为临床诊断提供依据。但尿液属于人体生物样本,相比于食品或环境样本来说,基质复杂,干扰物质较多,同时检测多种抗生素的难度较大,因此对人体尿液中抗生素的含量以及相应的健康风险评估的研究十分必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种简单、快速且目标物回收率高的尿液样品中多种抗生素的前处理方法及定量检测方法,本发明的检测方法能够克服人体尿液样本中干扰物质较多的缺点,灵敏度高、准确性好。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种同时检测人体尿液中72种抗生素的方法,包括如下步骤:
S1 样品的采集与制备
将冷冻保存的尿样在室温下解冻后,准确移取1mL加入50μL浓度为100μg/L的抗生素同位素内标并涡旋混匀;在8000r/min、4℃下离心12min后得到上清液;分别加入200μL乙酸铵缓冲液和15μL β-葡萄糖醛苷酶,充分震荡混匀后得到尿液提取液,用封口膜密封管口,于37℃水浴过夜;
S2 萃取、净化和富集
将S1步骤中的尿液提取液用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱进行萃取处理,固相萃取柱分别用1.5mL甲醇和1.5mL超纯水进行预处理活化;然后将提取液过柱,并用2mL超纯水润洗提取液管壁;最后用1.5mL含10%的甲醇水淋洗以去除杂质,抽真空干燥约20 min至干;
S3 洗脱、定容
将固相萃取小柱从固相萃取装置上拆下,用2mL甲酸-甲醇溶液洗脱HLB小柱,并用适配器结合针管压出柱中残留液即得到洗脱液,使用氮吹仪将洗脱液吹至近干,加入100μL30%甲醇水溶液复溶,在超声波中溶解残留物,转移至2mL进样玻璃小瓶;
S4 利用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱仪测定样品中目标物含量:
建立目标污染物标准曲线,以浓度为横坐标,峰面积为纵坐标,采用内标法,基于超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱仪,同时对样品中72种目标物进行定量检测。
优选的,作为一个较佳的实施方式,所述步骤S1中,冷冻保存的尿样在室温条件下25℃进行解冻。
优选的,作为一个较佳的实施方式,所述步骤S1中,乙酸铵缓冲液浓度单位为1mol/L,pH值为5.0。
优选的,作为一个较佳的实施方式,所述步骤S1中,的酶活度单位不低于1 0 ,000 units/mL。
优选的,作为一个较佳的实施方式,所述步骤S1中,同位素内标的浓度不低于50μg/L。
优选的,作为一个较佳的实施方式,所述步骤S1中,将混合物充分涡旋后处理,离心转速为8000 r/min,温度为4℃,处理时间为12min,包括升速和降速各1min。
优选的,作为一个较佳的实施方式,所述步骤S2中,淋洗液为10%的甲醇水。
优选的,作为一个较佳的实施方式,所述步骤S3中,洗脱液中甲酸的体积分数为1%甲酸-甲醇溶液。
优选的,作为一个较佳的实施方式,所述步骤S4中,高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪的检测条件为:
色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3(100×2.1 mm,1.8 μm),柱温40℃,进样体积为5μL,流速为0.3mL/min;流动相采用0.1%甲酸水(A)和0.1%甲酸-甲醇(B);梯度如下:0min,10%(B);1.5min,16%(B);9min,100%(B);12min,100%(B);12.1min,10%(B);15min,10%(B)。
质谱条件:毛细管电压(3kV),脱溶剂气体温度(600℃),离子源温度(150℃),脱溶剂气体流速(900L/hr),锥孔反吹气体流速(150 L/hr),碰撞气体流速(0.15 L/min)。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明方法采用固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱方法,具有灵敏度高、回收率好、且结果较准确。结果验证显示,利用本方法检测人体尿液中抗生素类物质的标准曲线具有良好的线性相关性,R2均大于0.990。各目标抗生素的回收率在之间。72种目标抗生素的检出限在0.03-0.54 μg/L之间,定量限在0.05-0.91μg/L之间。
(2)本发明检测覆盖的抗生素种类广、数量多,包括四环素类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类、林可酰胺类、硝基呋喃类和氯霉素类七大类72种抗生素。其中,本研究可以有效分离4种四环素类原物质(TC、OTC、CTC和DXC)及其差向异构体、2种喹诺酮类原物质(OFL和GATI)及其差向异构体和两类磺胺类同分异构体。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图1示出了本发明7大类72种抗生素总离子流图(40μg/L);
图2示出了实际样品中目标抗生物素的检出浓度;
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合实施例对本发明作进一步地详细描述。
除非特别说明,本发明实施例中所用试剂和材料均为市购。
本发明实施例中,固相萃取小柱为Waters公司Oasis HLB型小柱。检测仪器为超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱仪(ACQUITY UPLC/Xevo TQ-S 美国Waters公司),色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3(100×2.1 mm,1.8 μm 美国Waters公司)。
本发明的实施例中,绘制目标抗生素的标准曲线。分别称取适量的72种抗生素和36种内标,用甲醇溶液将其配制成质量浓度为制得1000μg/mL的单标储备溶液。准确移取一定体积的单标储备溶液,配制成10μg/mL的混合标准储备溶液。采用30%甲醇水溶液组作为进样溶剂,按照浓度梯度为1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、15.0、20.0、30.0、40.0、60.0 (μg/L)将混合标准储备溶液稀释。制备好的各浓度梯度的储备液均保存在棕色小瓶中,并在-20℃低温下储存以备后续使用。
反复运行制备好的各浓度梯度的储备溶液,以构建线性校准曲线。为了保证线性标准曲线至少有5个有效浓度点,1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、15.0、20.0、30.0、40.0、60.0 (μg/L)每个点至少重复3次。如表1所示,在本研究中,72种目标抗生素的线性校准曲线的回归系数(R2)均大于0.990,呈现良好的相关性。
;
本发明采用高纯度亲水性硅胶颗粒制成的HSS T3色谱柱,对于一般的极性和非极性化合物均有较好的保留选择性和分离能力,实现了对待测人体尿液中七大类共72种抗生素包含4种四环素类原物质(TC、OTC、CTC和DXC)及其差向异构体,2种喹诺酮类原物质(OFL和GATI)及其差向异构体和两类的磺胺类同分异构体(SDM/SEX和SMM/SLN/SMPZ/SME)的较好分离。此外,本发明采用30%甲醇水溶液作为进样溶剂,相较于纯甲醇而言,30%甲醇水溶液极性较小,目标物质色谱图峰形较好,定性定量更加准确。图1为72种目标抗生素的总离子流图。
一、具体实施例一
在本实施例中,进行尿液抗生素检测方法检出限,定量限和加标回收率实验。鉴于所有目标物均没有空白干扰,采用3倍信噪比来预估检出限,并以此浓度进行加标,用7次测定结果的3倍和10倍标准偏差分别计算方法检出限和方法定量限。加标样品的回收率通过比较每个空白浓度和加标浓度来确定。每批实验都设置空白组和加标组,以监测分析程序的背景干扰、精密度和真实性。
一种能同时检测人体尿液中72种抗生素的分析方法,该方法的具体步骤为:
S1对尿样进行制备
冷冻保存的尿样在室温下解冻后,准确移取1mL尿样加入50 μL浓度为100μg/L的抗生素同位素内标并涡旋混匀;在8000r/min、4℃下离心12min(包括升速和降速各1min)后得到上清液;分别加入200μL乙酸铵缓冲液和15 μL β-葡萄糖醛苷酶,充分震荡混匀后得到尿液提取液,用封口膜密封管口,37℃水浴过夜,待测;
S2 对加入标准储备液的尿液进行前处理
将S1中的尿液提取液用Oasis HLB(60mg,3cc)固相萃取小柱,进行萃取处理。先分别用1.5mL甲醇和1.5mL超纯水对固相萃取小柱进行预处理活化;将提取液过柱,并用2.0mL超纯水润洗提取液管壁;然后用1.5mL含10%的甲醇水淋洗以去除杂质,抽真空干燥约20分钟至干(根据实际干燥情况定)。将固相萃取小柱从固相萃取装置上拆下,用2mL甲酸-甲醇溶液洗脱HLB小柱,并用适配器结合针管压出柱中残留液即得到洗脱液,使用氮吹仪将洗脱液吹至近干,加入0.1mL 30%甲醇水溶液复溶,在超声波中溶解残留物,转移至2mL进样玻璃小瓶,等待上机检测;
S3利用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱仪测定样品中目标物含量
建立目标污染物标准曲线,以目标物质和响应内标浓度比值为横坐标,峰面积比值为纵坐标,采用内标法,基于超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱仪,对样品中目标物浓度进行定量检测。
质谱检测条件为:色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3(100×2.1 mm,1.8 μm),柱温40℃,进样体积为5μL,流速为0.3mL/min;流动相采用0.1%甲酸水(A)和0.1%甲酸-甲醇(B);梯度如下:0min,10%(B);1.5min,16%(B);9min,100%(B);12min,100%(B);12.1min,10%(B);15min,10%(B)。毛细管电压:3kV,脱溶剂气体温度:600℃,离子源温度:150℃,脱溶剂气体流速:900L/hr,锥孔反吹气体流速:150 L/hr,碰撞气体流速:0.15 L/min。
加标回收率计算:加标回收率的计算公式(RE(%)):(C2×V2-C1×V1)/C0×V0其中:
RE---加标回收率,%;
C0---混合标准储备液的浓度,μg/L;
V0---混合标准储备液的体积,mL;
C1---空白样品的检测浓度,μg/L;
V1---空白样品定容时的体积,mL;
C2---加入混合标准储备液的样品的检测浓度,μg/L;
V2---加入混合标准储备液的样品定容时的体积,mL;
试验结果如表2所示,该分析程序无背景干扰,72种目标抗生素的检出限在0.03-0.54μg/L之间,定量限在0.05-0.91μg/L之间。0.5μg/L加标浓度水平下72种目标物质的回收率为60.0%-124.8%,相对标准偏差为1.78%-14.53%;2μg/L加标浓度水平下回收率为72.7%-116.4%,相对标准偏差为0.53%-22.97%;5μg/L加标浓度水平下回收率为75.3%-129%,相对标准偏差为2.03%-15.44%。表明本方法能够准确、可靠地一次性同时检测人体尿液中的72种痕量抗生素,72种抗生素的的分离度好,基线平稳,具有高精密度、高灵敏度、高稳定性、高选择性和检出限低、检测结果更真实可靠的优点。
;
二、具体实施例二
本实施例与实施例一基本相同,特别之处在于:在实施例二中,进行北京某单位10个未知人体尿液样品中72种抗生素的测定。采集的晨尿样品均收集于50mL的聚丙烯管中,于冷冻保存。在上样分析前需经过净化、提纯和浓缩等处理步骤,具体的前处理方法和检测分析步骤如下:
S1 对尿样进行制备
冷冻保存的尿样在室温下解冻后,准确移取1mL尿样加入50μL浓度为100μg/L的抗生素同位素内标并涡旋混匀;在8000r/min、4℃下离心12min(包括升速和降速各1min)后得到上清液;分别加入200μL乙酸铵缓冲液和15μL β-葡萄糖醛苷酶,充分震荡混匀后得到尿液提取液,用封口膜密封管口,37℃水浴过夜,待测;
S2 对加入标准储备液的尿样进行前处理
将步骤S1尿液提取液用Oasis HLB(60mg,3cc)固相萃取柱,进行萃取处理。先分别用1.5mL甲醇和1.5mL超纯水对固相萃取小柱进行预处理活化;将提取液过柱,并用2.0ml超纯水润洗提取液管壁,倒入固相萃取柱过柱;然后用1.5mL含10%的甲醇水淋洗以去除杂质,抽真空干燥约20min至干(根据实际干燥情况定)。将固相萃取小柱从固相萃取装置上拆下,用2mL甲酸-甲醇溶液洗脱HLB小柱,并用适配器结合针管压出柱中残留液即得到洗脱液,使用氮吹仪将洗脱液吹至近干,加入0.1mL 30%甲醇水溶液复溶,在超声波中溶解残留物,转移至2ml进样玻璃小瓶,等待上机检测;
S3利用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱仪测定样品中目标物含量:
色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3(100×2.1 mm,1.8 μm),柱温40℃,进样体积为5μL,流速为0.3mL/min。流动相采用0.1%甲酸水(A)和0.1%甲酸-甲醇(B),流动相采用0.1%甲酸水(A)和0.1%甲酸-甲醇(B);梯度如下:0min,10%(B);1.5min,16%(B);9min,100%(B);12min,100%(B);12.1min,10%(B);15min,10%(B)。毛细管电压:3kV,脱溶剂气体温度:600℃,离子源温度:150℃,脱溶剂气体流速:900L/hr,锥孔反吹气体流速:150 L/hr,碰撞气体流速:0.15 L/min。
测得的实际尿液样品中目标抗生素的浓度如下图2所示。共检出了6种四环素类抗生素、10种喹诺酮类抗生素、6种磺胺类抗生素、阿奇霉素和呋喃唑酮;总浓度范围为0.12μg/L~10 .14μg/L,其中,呋喃唑酮的含量最高。
以上依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定技术性范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种同时检测人体尿液中72种抗生素的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1 样品的采集与制备
将冷冻保存的尿样在室温下解冻后,准确移取1mL加入50μL浓度为100μg/L的抗生素同位素内标并涡旋混匀;在8000r/min、4℃下离心12min后得到上清液;分别加入200μL乙酸铵缓冲液和15μL β-葡萄糖醛苷酶,充分震荡混匀后得到尿液提取液,用封口膜密封管口,于37℃水浴过夜;
S2 萃取、净化和富集
将S1步骤中的尿液提取液用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱进行萃取处理,固相萃取柱分别用1.5mL甲醇和1.5mL超纯水进行预处理活化;然后将提取液过柱,并用2mL超纯水润洗提取液管壁;最后用1.5mL含10%的甲醇水淋洗以去除杂质,抽真空干燥约20 min至干;
S3 洗脱、定容
将固相萃取小柱从固相萃取装置上拆下,用2mL甲酸-甲醇溶液洗脱HLB小柱,并用适配器结合针管压出柱中残留液即得到洗脱液,使用氮吹仪将洗脱液吹至近干,加入100μL 30%甲醇水溶液复溶,在超声波中溶解残留物,转移至2mL进样玻璃小瓶;
S4 利用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱仪测定样品中目标物含量:
建立目标污染物标准曲线,以浓度为横坐标,峰面积为纵坐标,采用内标法,基于超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱仪,同时对样品中72种抗生素进行定量检测;
所述72种抗生素为去甲环素、4-差向四环素、4-差向土霉素、四环素、土霉素、β-多西环素、强力霉素、异氯环素、4-差向金霉素、金霉素、脱水四环素、4-差向脱水四环素、吡咯酸、马波沙星、达氟沙星、依诺沙星、氟罗沙星、氧氟沙星、去甲基氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、洛美沙星、奥比沙星、8-氟代加替沙星、沙拉沙星、加替沙星、司帕沙星、妥舒沙星、西诺沙星、恶喹酸、环丙沙星-M3、吉米沙星、贝西沙星、N-NT-环丙沙星、萘啶酸、氟甲喹、那氟沙星、磺胺、磺胺二甲基异嘧啶、磺胺噻唑、磺胺吡啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、N4-乙酰磺胺嘧啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶、磺胺二甲唑、磺胺甲噻二唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、琥珀酰磺胺噻唑、磺胺甲氧吡嗪、磺胺林、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺邻二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺乙氧嗪、磺胺苯吡唑、磺胺氯哒嗪、磺胺氯吡嗪、磺胺二甲氧嗪、磺胺喹恶啉、磺胺硝苯、林可霉素、克林霉素、新螺旋霉素I、泰乐菌素、吉他霉素、麦迪霉素、交沙霉素、罗红霉素、阿奇霉素、呋喃唑酮、氯霉素。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种同时检测人体尿液中72种抗生素的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中,高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪的检测条件为:色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3,柱温40℃,进样体积为5μL,流速为0.3mL/min;流动相采用0.1%甲酸水A和0.1%甲酸-甲醇B;梯度如下:0min,10%B;1.5min,16%B;9min,100%B;12min,100%B;12.1min,10%B;15min,10%B。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种同时检测人体尿液中72种抗生素的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中,质谱条件为:毛细管电压3kV,脱溶剂气体温度600℃,离子源温度150℃,脱溶剂气体流速900L/hr,锥孔反吹气体流速150 L/hr,碰撞气体流速0.15 L/min。
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