CN117678717A - 一种刺梨综合开发应用技术及相关产品的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种能综合开发应用刺梨并制备多种相关产品的方法。所述综合应用是指将刺梨冷冻干燥后粉碎过筛，所得细粉为刺梨冻干粉；所得粗粉可用于制备酵素，提取刺梨多糖、可溶性膳食纤维、微晶纤维素以及寡糖；酵素发酵结束后，还可得到刺梨酵素益生菌。最终可避免因刺梨渣的存在，而造成资源浪费的问题，同时可大幅提升刺梨的经济附加值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物产品制备领域，具体涉及一种能综合利用刺梨并制备多种产品的技术方法。通过该法能获得刺梨冻干粉、刺梨酵素、刺梨多糖、刺梨可溶性膳食纤维、刺梨微晶纤维素、刺梨酵素益生菌以及刺梨寡糖类等多种产品，实现刺梨渣的零排放，可大幅减少对环境的污染，显著提升刺梨的应用价值。
背景技术
刺梨是贵州的特色产业，刺梨产量占全国总产量的95%以上。由于贵州多山，特别适合刺梨的种植。然而目前刺梨的加工方式较为粗犷，主要以榨汁为主。在刺梨榨汁加工过程中会产生大量的刺梨渣，约占刺梨鲜果重量的一半，但目前未见刺梨渣的高附加值处理技术。由于刺梨渣的存在，直接拉低了刺梨的经济价值。若处理不当，刺梨渣堆积腐烂还会污染环境。因此，解决刺梨渣的问题已迫在眉睫。
发明内容
一种刺梨综合开发应用技术及相关产品制备方法，其主要流程是将刺梨冷冻干燥后粉碎过筛，所得细粉即为刺梨冻干粉；所得粗粉可用于制备酵素，提取刺梨多糖、可溶性膳食纤维、微晶纤维素以及寡糖；酵素发酵结束后，通过过滤可得到刺梨酵素原液，对刺梨酵素原液进离心即可得刺梨酵素和刺梨酵素益生菌。其获得方法如下：
刺梨的冻干。将刺梨鲜果洗净沥干后，经过预冻、升华、干燥等过程，脱除鲜果中的水分，得到干燥的刺梨。其中预冻温度不高于-10℃，升华温度不高于-5℃，干燥温度不超过70℃。
刺梨冻干粉的获得。将冷冻干燥得到的刺梨干果用粉碎机进行粉碎，筛析。当筛分目数不低于100目时，所得细粉即为刺梨冻干粉，不能通过筛网者即为刺梨冻干粗渣。
刺梨酵素及酵素益生菌的制备。将刺梨冻干粗渣粗略分成4份，其中3份加1~5倍质量的水，浸泡5~1200min，压榨取滤液（滤渣备用），加入到剩余的1份刺梨粗渣中，并加入红糖（可用刺梨寡糖部分替代），使刺梨粗渣、糖和水的比例为1：0.5~1.5：5~15，发酵结束后过滤取滤液，即得刺梨酵素原液，滤饼为刺梨残渣。将刺梨酵素原液进行离心，上清即为刺梨酵素，沉淀物为刺梨酵素益生菌菌泥。将得到的刺梨酵素利用巴氏消毒法进行灭菌，产品即可长期保存。将刺梨酵素益生菌菌泥与冻干保护剂（如菌泥与海藻糖、甘油和水按1：1：2.5：2.5组成）混合，然后进行冷冻干燥，其中预冻温度不高于-10℃，升华温度不高于-5℃，干燥温度不超过42℃，完全干燥后所得固体即为刺梨酵素益生菌。
刺梨多糖的提取与制备。将经浸泡、压榨后所得的滤渣用40%-100%的乙醇进行浸泡脱色除杂1~4次，过滤，取滤渣加1-5倍的水超声5-600min，过滤取上清（滤渣备用），加乙醇至乙醇体积分数为50~98%时，即可产生絮状沉淀，用50%~100%的乙醇对沉淀物漂洗1~4次，过滤干燥即得刺梨多糖。
刺梨可溶性膳食纤维的提取与制备。将刺梨酵素残渣或刺梨多糖提取后所得残渣，用水漂洗后，用亚硫酸钠等还原剂进行脱色（若果渣颜色较浅，此步可省略），水洗后加入盐酸或醋酸等易挥发性酸，水浴10-600min，温度不低于50℃，水解完成后过滤取滤液（滤渣备用），减压蒸发除酸后，冷却加乙醇至体积分数为50%~98%，得絮状沉淀。离心取沉淀物（上清液备用），用50%~100%乙醇漂洗1~3次，干燥即得刺梨可溶性膳食纤维。
刺梨微晶纤维素的制备。将提取刺梨可溶性膳纤维酸解后的残渣，加碱水解5-600min，温度不低于50℃，用双氧水进行脱色（若残渣颜色较浅，此步可省去），漂洗，干燥，粉碎，过筛即得。
刺梨寡糖的制备。将提取刺梨可溶性膳食纤维过程中离心所得上清液，先减压蒸发并回收乙醇后，再用NaOH调节pH至5-8（若除酸效果好，此步可省去），蒸发除掉部分或全部水分，即得刺梨寡糖糖浆或刺梨寡糖干品。也可对刺梨微晶纤维素提取过程中的废液进行pH调节，蒸发除掉部分或全部水分，即得刺梨寡糖糖浆或刺梨寡糖干品，但此种寡糖颜色较深。
附图说明：
图1是刺梨综合应用工艺流程图。
刺梨通过本工艺流程处理后，可获得刺梨冻干粉、刺梨酵素、刺梨酵素益生菌、刺梨多糖、刺梨寡糖、可溶性膳食纤维和微晶纤维素等多种高附加值产品。通过对工艺流程中所产废水进挥发酸或乙醇回收后，可用于工艺的循环利用，再调节废水pH，调节pH时可以用酸碱直接调，也可以用废水互兑调节，最终使所产废水pH接近中性并用于酵素制备，可最大限度的实现对刺梨的综合应用。在刺梨渣颜色较浅时，Na2SO3和H2O2脱色步骤也可以省去。同时本工艺流程中的刺梨处理方法，也可以用压榨法进行替换，所得刺梨渣可按刺梨冻干渣处理流程进行，最终也能实现刺梨渣的高附加值利用，但效果略差。
Claims (10)
1.一种刺梨综合开发应用技术及相关产品制备方法，所涉及的技术有刺梨冷冻干燥技术、刺梨多糖提取技术、刺梨可溶性膳食纤维提取技术、刺梨酵素制备技术、微晶纤维素提取技术以及菌体分离干燥技术。所制产品有刺梨冻干粉、刺梨酵素、刺梨多糖、刺梨可溶性膳食纤维、刺梨微晶纤维素、刺梨酵素益生菌以及刺梨寡糖等产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的刺梨是指生长在中国西南地区如云南、贵州等地的蔷薇科植物刺梨的果实。
3.根据权利要求1所述的刺梨冷冻干燥技术，是指将刺梨鲜果洗净沥干后，经过预冻、升华、干燥等过程，脱除鲜果中的水分，得到干燥的刺梨果。
4.根据权利要求1所述的刺梨冻干粉是指将权利要求3所得到的干燥刺梨果，用粉碎机进行粉碎，并进行筛分，所得细粉即为刺梨冻干粉，不能通过筛网者即为刺梨冻干粗渣。
5.根据权利要求1所述的刺梨酵素是指将权利要求4所得到的刺梨粗渣加红糖和水进行发酵，发酵结束后经过滤和离心取滤液，即得刺梨酵素，滤饼为刺梨残渣和刺梨酵素益生菌菌泥。其中制备酵素所添加的水，也可以用刺梨渣加水浸泡后的滤液或处理后的刺梨渣加工废液进行替代。所用红糖，也可以用刺梨渣处理过程所得寡糖糖浆或干品进行部分或全部替代。
6.根据权利要求1所述的刺梨多糖是指将权利要求4所得的刺梨粗渣用水浸泡后，再用40%-100%的乙醇进行浸泡脱色除杂1~4次，过滤，取滤渣加水超声提取，过滤取上清，加乙醇沉淀，用50%~100%的乙醇进行漂洗1~4次，过滤干燥即得刺梨多糖。
7.根据权利要求1所述的刺梨可溶性膳食纤维是指将权利要求5或权利要求6所得刺梨残渣，用水漂洗后，脱色，水洗后加入具有挥发性的酸，水浴酸解，过滤取滤液，减压蒸发除酸，冷却后加乙醇沉淀。离心取沉淀物，用50%~100%乙醇漂洗1~3次，干燥即得刺梨可溶性膳食纤维。
8.根据权利要求1所述的刺梨微晶纤维素是指将权利要求7酸解后的残渣，先用碱水解，过滤取滤饼，再用双氧水进行脱色，漂洗后干燥，粉碎，过筛即得。
9.根据权利要求1所述的刺梨酵素益生菌是指将权利要求5所得到的刺梨酵素菌泥，与冻干保护剂混合，冷冻干燥，即得到刺梨酵素益生菌。
10.根据权利要求1所述的寡糖，是指将权利要求7离心取沉淀后所得废液，进行减压蒸发脱醇后，浓缩干燥即得。也可将权利要求8所得废液调pH后，浓缩干燥即得。
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