CN117463318A - 一种催化加氢制备γ-戊内酯的催化剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种催化加氢制备γ-戊内酯的催化剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/8871—Rare earth metals or actinides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D307/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/32—Oxygen atoms
- C07D307/33—Oxygen atoms in position 2, the oxygen atom being in its keto or unsubstituted enol form
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Abstract
本发明公开一种催化加氢制备γ‑戊内酯的催化剂及其应用,属于催化剂及应用技术领域。本发明的催化剂为具有固溶体结构的氧化铈催化剂,所述催化剂包括氧化铈载体、金属与助剂,所述的金属为钯、铂、钌、铱、钴、镍、铜中的一种或两种以上,所述的金属的载量为0.1‑8wt%,所述的助剂为钼、钨、铼、锆、钒、锰、铁中的一种,所述的助催化剂的载量以载体的质量计为0.1‑5wt%。以乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯为原料进行催化加氢反应,γ‑戊内酯选择性较高,催化剂稳定性较高,可以连续运行240小时以上,具有工业化应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂及应用技术领域,具体涉及一种催化加氢制备γ-戊内酯的催化剂及其应用。
背景技术
生物质资源是一种绿色可再生能源,它是自然界中唯一具有可再生性能的有机碳资源,可以通过催化转化为燃料和化学品。乙酰丙酸是一种生物质基平台化合物,目前可以由纤维素在酸催化剂下水解得到,目前美国Biofine公司已经将该方法实现工业生产。乙酰丙酸可以催化转化为多种高附加值化学品,如1,4-戊二醇、γ-戊内酯等。其中,γ-戊内酯有广泛的用途,可以作为燃料添加剂、食品配料、医药中间体、高级烯烃燃料、绿色可再生溶剂。目前还未能实现工业化生产,主要是因为缺少应用于工业化生产的高稳定性和高选择性催化剂。
中国专利CN110665505A公开了一种具有核壳结构的Cu@mZrO2催化剂,铜催化剂在长时间运行后,活性逐渐降低。现有文献(Applied Catalysis B:Environmental 299(2021)120651)报道C3N4负载的Cu催化剂在运行100小时后,依然保持较高的活性,但是其选择性相对较低。现有文献(Applied Catalysis B:Environmental 324(2023)122236)报道Pt-TiO2催化剂可以运转1000小时,但是其制备方法采取了原子沉积方法,成本较高,大规模生产较难,不具有工业应用价值。因此,开发一种具有结构稳定、制备方法简单、且可以连续长时间运行的催化剂对γ-戊内酯工业化生产有重要意义。
发明内容
鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种具有固溶体结构的氧化铈催化剂及其在乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯催化加氢制备γ-戊内酯反应中的应用,催化剂具有高选择性和高稳定性,催化剂制备方法简单,在运转240小时之后,依然保持高活性和选择性,具有工业应用价值。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
本发明提供一种催化加氢制备γ-戊内酯的催化剂,所述的催化剂为氧化铈负载金属催化剂,所述催化剂包括氧化铈载体、金属与助剂。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述的金属为钯、铂、钌、铱、钴、镍、铜中的一种或两种以上。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述的金属的载量以载体的质量计为0.1-8wt%。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述的助剂为钼、钨、铼、锆、钒、锰、铁中的一种,
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述的助催化剂的载量以载体的质量计为0.1-5wt%。
本发明另一方面提供上述的催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将含有可溶金属盐与可溶助剂前驱体的水溶液等体积浸渍到氧化铈载体上,老化、干燥、焙烧、还原,得到催化剂。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,老化温度为50-80℃,老化时间5~24h。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,干燥温度为80-120℃,干燥时间5~24h。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,焙烧温度300-600℃,焙烧时间2~10h。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,还原温度为200-500℃,还原时间1~5h。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所制备的催化剂具有如下特征:(1)具有固溶体结构,(2)适量的金属与助剂掺杂到氧化铈中,可以提高氧化铈的结晶性(3)金属和助剂的掺杂产生了大量的氧空穴,有利于乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯选择性加氢制备γ-戊内酯,选择性达99%。
本发明还提供上述的催化剂催化加氢制备γ-戊内酯的方法,将反应底物、催化剂溶解于溶剂中,置换空气后,通入氢气至压力为0.2-5MPa,反应温度为100-250℃,反应1-10h,即得。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述反应在间歇反应釜或固定床反应器中进行。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述的反应底物为乙酰丙酸、乙酰丙酸甲酯、乙酰丙酸乙酯、乙酰丙酸丙酯、乙酰丙酸丁酯中的一种或两种以上。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,反应温度为140-180℃,压力为0.5-3MPa。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述溶剂为甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇中的一种。
基于上述技术方案,进一步地,所述反应底物的质量百分比浓度为0.5-5%,催化剂与反应底物的质量比为1:5-5:1。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优势:
1、本发明在催化乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯加氢制备γ-戊内酯过程中采用氧化铈负载的金属催化剂,在氧化铈上掺杂少量的金属与助剂,可以保持氧化铈的晶体结构,更重要的是,掺杂会使氧化铈上产生氧空穴,可以选择性地吸附活化C=O键,有利于乙酰丙酸或乙酰丙酸酯上C=O键的选择性活化,氧化铈上的金属活化氢气,经历过渡态,二者协同进而选择性生成γ-戊内酯,此外,由于掺杂量较少,C=O键与金属、助剂的作用力较弱,不会产生脱羰基现象,导致产生戊酸或戊酸酯。
2、本发明的催化剂具有固溶体结构,具有较高的晶体完整性,晶体内部的相互作用力较强,这样可以极大地提高催化剂的稳定性,适合长时间连续运转反应,在固定床上连续运行240小时后,催化剂保持较高的稳定性和选择性,具有工业化应用前景。
3、本发明的催化剂制备方法简单,成本低,能够大规模生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的Co/CeO2催化剂的结构图;
图2为本发明制备的Co/CeO2催化剂的X-射线衍射图;
图3为本发明制备的Co/CeO2催化剂的稳定性实验结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此,显而易见地,下面描述中的实施例仅是本发明的部分实施例,对于本领域技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,获得其他的类似的实施例均落入本发明的保护范围。
分析检测方法:采用Agilent7890B型高效气相色谱仪对反应中的产物进行分析,采用内标法进行定量,十二烷作为内标物。实施例中测试条件:色谱柱为DB-2,氢火焰检测器(FID),氢气作为载气,恒量模式,分流比100:1,柱箱温度80℃(2min),以30℃/min升至250℃(保持2min)。
转化率=(1-(反应物反应后物质的量/反应物反应前物质的量))×100%
γ-戊内酯选择性=(γ-戊内酯物质的量/(反应物反应前物质的量-反应物反应后物质的量))×100%
实施例1-2
商业氧化铈在氢气(10%-90% H2/N2)氛围下于450℃还原3h,得到CeO2催化剂。在聚四氟乙烯内衬中加入50mg乙酰丙酸、10mL无水乙醇,100mg十二烷,再加入100mg上述的催化剂。将聚四氟乙烯内衬转移至高压反应釜内,经过三次惰性气体置换空气后,通入氢气至反应压力为2MPa,设置反应温度为160℃,调整转速为600rpm,设置保温时间分别为1h,8h,启动反应釜开始运行。反应结束后,待反应釜温度冷却至室温,释放出反应釜内气体,取上清用气相色谱检测分析,结果见表1。
实施例3-5
将硝酸钴水溶液等体积负载到商业氧化铈载体上,70℃老化12h,100℃干燥12小时,空气气氛下于450℃焙烧5h,氢气气氛下于450℃还原2h,得Co/CeO2催化剂,Co的载量为1wt%。
在聚四氟乙烯内衬中加入50mg乙酰丙酸、10mL无水乙醇,100mg十二烷,再加入100mg Co/CeO2催化剂。将聚四氟乙烯内衬转移至高压反应釜内,经过三次惰性气体置换空气后,通入氢气至反应压力分别为0.5,2,4MPa,设置反应温度为160℃,调整转速为600rpm,设置保温时间为8h,启动反应釜开始运行。反应结束后,待反应釜温度冷却至室温,释放出反应釜内气体,取上清用气相色谱检测分析,结果见表1。
制备的Co/CeO2催化剂的固溶体结构见图1,晶格长度为3.12nm,归属为CeO2(111),没有出现钴纳米颗粒或氧化钴晶相。而且X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)显示Co/CeO2的衍射峰强度远高于CeO2(图2),说明Co的掺杂提高氧化铈的结晶性。
实施例6-10
采用实施例3的Co/CeO2催化剂,在聚四氟乙烯内衬中加入50mg乙酰丙酸、10mL无水乙醇,100mg十二烷,再加入100mg Co/CeO2催化剂。将聚四氟乙烯内衬转移至高压反应釜内,经过三次惰性气体置换空气后,通入氢气至反应压力2MPa,分别设置反应温度为100,130,170,200,240℃,调整转速为600rpm,设置保温时间为8h,启动反应釜开始运行。反应结束后,待反应釜温度冷却至室温,释放出反应釜内气体,取上清用气相色谱检测分析,结果见表1。
实施例11-13
采用实施例3的Co/CeO2催化剂,乙酰丙酸酯为反应原料,分别为乙酰丙酸甲酯,乙酰丙酸乙酯,乙酰丙酸丁酯。
在聚四氟乙烯内衬中加入50mg乙酰丙酸酯、10mL无水乙醇,100mg十二烷,再加入100mg Co/CeO2催化剂。将聚四氟乙烯内衬转移至高压反应釜内,经过三次惰性气体置换空气后,通入氢气至反应压力2MPa,设置反应温度为160℃,调整转速为600rpm,设置保温时间为8h,启动反应釜开始运行。反应结束后,待反应釜温度冷却至室温,释放出反应釜内气体,取上清用气相色谱检测分析,结果见表1。
实施例14
将含有硝酸钴和钼酸铵的水溶液等体积负载到氧化铈载体上,70℃老化12h,100℃干燥12小时,空气气氛下于450℃焙烧5h,氢气气氛下于450℃还原2h,得CoMo/CeO2催化剂,Co的载量为1wt%,Mo的载量为2wt%。
在聚四氟乙烯内衬中加入50mg乙酰丙酸、10mL无水乙醇,100mg十二烷,再加入100mg CoMo/CeO2催化剂。将聚四氟乙烯内衬转移至高压反应釜内,经过三次惰性气体置换空气后,通入氢气至反应压力为2MPa,设置反应温度为160℃,调整转速为600rpm,设置保温时间为8h,启动反应釜开始运行。反应结束后,待反应釜温度冷却至室温,释放出反应釜内气体,取上清用气相色谱检测分析,结果见表1。
表1实施例1-14制备γ-戊内酯过程的条件及实验结果
实施例15
采用固定床反应器,将2g 40目的实施例3的Co/CeO2催化剂与2g 40目的石英砂混合均匀,装入反应器内,乙酰丙酸作为反应原料,乙醇作为溶剂,乙酰丙酸体积浓度为3%。空速3h-1,反应温度170℃,体系压力为2MPa氮气,乙酰丙酸与氢气的摩尔比为1:10。用气相色谱分析反应液,考察催化剂的稳定性,结果见图3。
Claims (10)
1.一种催化加氢制备γ-戊内酯的催化剂,其特征在于,所述的催化剂为氧化铈负载金属催化剂,所述催化剂包括氧化铈载体、金属与助剂,所述的金属为钯、铂、钌、铱、钴、镍、铜中的一种或两种以上,所述的金属的载量以载体的质量计为0.1-8wt%,所述的助剂为钼、钨、铼、锆、钒、锰、铁中的一种,所述的助催化剂的载量以载体的质量计为0.1-5wt%。
2.权利要求1所述的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将含有可溶金属盐与可溶助剂前驱体的水溶液等体积浸渍到氧化铈载体上,老化、干燥、焙烧、还原,得到催化剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,老化温度为50-80℃,老化时间5~24h;干燥温度为80-120℃,干燥时间5~24h。
4.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,焙烧温度300-600℃,焙烧时间2~10h;还原温度为200-500℃,还原时间1~5h。
5.权利要求1所述的催化剂催化加氢制备γ-戊内酯的方法,其特征在于,将反应底物、催化剂溶解于溶剂中,置换空气后,通入氢气至压力为0.2-5MPa,反应温度为100-250℃,反应1-10h,即得。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述反应在间歇反应釜或固定床反应器中进行。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的反应底物为乙酰丙酸、乙酰丙酸甲酯、乙酰丙酸乙酯、乙酰丙酸丙酯、乙酰丙酸丁酯中的一种或两种以上。
8.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,反应温度为140-180℃,压力为0.5-3MPa。
9.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇中的一种。
10.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述反应底物的质量百分比浓度为0.5-5%,催化剂与反应底物的质量比为1:5-5:1。
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