CN117396271A - 使用藻酸盐的球形金属-有机骨架 - Google Patents
使用藻酸盐的球形金属-有机骨架 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117396271A CN117396271A CN202280037182.2A CN202280037182A CN117396271A CN 117396271 A CN117396271 A CN 117396271A CN 202280037182 A CN202280037182 A CN 202280037182A CN 117396271 A CN117396271 A CN 117396271A
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- metal
- organic framework
- organic
- aqueous
- alginate
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- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 271
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxy-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxylato-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical class [Ca+2].O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O2)C([O-])=O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)O1 OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Chemical compound C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NEQFBGHQPUXOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 NEQFBGHQPUXOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JBIZMQOHTVCJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid;methane Chemical compound C.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JBIZMQOHTVCJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JZKNMIIVCWHHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane-1,2,2,3-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1(C(=O)O)C(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C2(C(O)=O)C3 JZKNMIIVCWHHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YTIVTFGABIZHHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butynedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C#CC(O)=O YTIVTFGABIZHHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000013384 organic framework Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 hexazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 43
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
本发明提供制备金属‑有机骨架球的方法和由其制得的新型组合物。在本发明方法中,将藻酸钠与水混合以得到藻酸钠水溶液。将金属‑有机骨架加入藻酸钠水溶液以得到含水的金属‑有机骨架藻酸盐混合物。将氯化钙溶液加入所述金属‑有机骨架藻酸盐混合物以形成金属‑有机骨架球。所制得的金属‑有机骨架球具有藻酸钙复合物的网络和约70重量%或更小的金属‑有机骨架,并可以耐受至少44.5N的压碎强度。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2021年5月24日提交的美国临时申请No.63/192263的优先权和权益,将其全部内容引入本文以供参考。
领域
本发明总体涉及制备金属-有机骨架复合材料,具体地涉及制备具有至少10磅力(44.5牛顿)的压碎强度的金属-有机骨架球的方法。
背景
金属-有机骨架作为吸附剂应用于分离技术,和用作催化剂和/或催化剂载体。在合成时,金属-有机骨架作为微晶或纳米级粉末制得。然后将粉末成型为潜在具有小粒度分布的成型体以用于各种应用中。
为了使金属-有机骨架成型,诸如造粒和挤出的技术包括将金属-有机骨架粒子压制和压碎成具有所需粒度的级分。用于这些技术的高压力通常对于金属-有机骨架材料而言过于苛刻,并可能导致成型材料的孔隙率和表面积显著降低。在理想情况下,成型必须在没有显著降低重量法表面积、孔隙率、化学结构或官能度的情况下进行。
其它方法包括用糊料将金属-有机骨架成型以用于挤出或干燥。这些制备方法通常需要使用添加剂和/或粘合剂,例如纤维素或聚合物(聚乙烯醇(PVA)或相似的聚合物),并可能导致与金属-有机骨架的粉末形式相比,挤出物的重量-比表面积降低。也已经在存在或不存在胶凝剂的情况下使用水状胶体,例如琼脂、淀粉、纤维素、黄原胶、明胶、酪蛋白等。与这些方法相关的问题包括孔堵塞,以及一般在形状、表面积和球强度方面缺乏优化。另外,生物聚合物的热稳定性可以限制所得材料的热稳定性。近期,开发了使用水状胶体的方法制备金属-有机骨架球。参见Spjelkavik,A.I.等,Forming MOFs into Sphere by Useof Molecular Gastronomy Methods,Chem.Pub.Soc.Eur.,20,8973-8978,2014。该方法形成含有大于95重量%金属-有机骨架的球,并具有低于7.0磅(lb.)力的最大压碎强度。
发明概述
本发明提供制备金属-有机骨架球的方法。在本发明方法中,将藻酸钠与水混合以得到藻酸钠水溶液。将金属-有机骨架加入藻酸钠水溶液以得到含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物。将该金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物加入氯化钙溶液以形成金属-有机骨架球。氯化钙溶液包含水和氯化钙。金属-有机骨架球具有至少10磅(lb.)力的压碎强度和至少500m2/g的表面积。
另外,本文描述制备金属-有机骨架球的方法,其包括以下步骤:将至少5.0重量%的藻酸钠与水混合以得到藻酸钠水溶液,并将多个金属-有机骨架加入藻酸钠水溶液以得到含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物。将含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物加入包含约2.0重量%至5.0重量%氯化钙的氯化钙水溶液以形成金属-有机骨架球,其具有至少10磅力的压碎强度、至少500m2/g的表面积和大于或等于约60重量%的金属-有机骨架。
本发明还提供组合物,其包含位于藻酸钙复合物(complexes)的网络内的多个金属-有机骨架,该组合物通过将含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物与氯化钙水溶液混合来制备,其中含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物包含小于约20.0重量%的金属-有机骨架、约1.0重量%至约5.0重量%的氯化钙和小于或等于约5.0重量%的藻酸钠。每个金属-有机骨架含有至少一种金属离子和至少一种有机配体。该组合物包含小于或等于70重量%的金属-有机骨架,并具有至少约10磅力的压碎强度和至少约500m2/g的表面积。
本发明提供金属-有机骨架球,其包含约60重量%至约70重量%的金属-有机骨架。每个金属有机骨架包含有机配体和金属。金属-有机骨架在藻酸钙复合物的网络内共混。每个复合物具有以离子方式与钙交联的藻酸盐。金属-有机骨架球包含至少3.0重量%的钙,并具有至少10磅力的本体压碎强度和至少500m2/g的表面积。
本文公开的方法和组合物的这些和其它特征和优点以及有利的应用和/或用途将通过下文的详述显现。
附图简述
为了帮助本领域的技术人员制备和使用本发明,参考以下附图,其中:
图1A是显示在形成和不形成藻酸盐球的情况下Mg-MOF-74在77K下获取的N2等温线的图表;图1B是显示在形成和不形成藻酸盐球的情况下UiO-66在77K下获取的N2等温线的图表。
图2是显示mmen-Mg-MOF-274、使用藻酸钠球形化的mmen-Mg-MOF-274、以及使用藻酸钠球形化并随后使用mmen或mmen/甲苯进行再胺化的mmen-Mg-MOF-274的CO2等压线的图表。
图3是显示通过外部和内部方法使用藻酸钠球形化的mmen-Mg-MOF-274以及藻酸钠球本身的CO2等压线的图表。
图4显示藻酸钠在离子交联之前的结构。
图5显示藻酸钠在使用Ca2+进行离子交联之后的假设结构。
详述
在公开和描述本发明的方法和装置之前,应理解的是除非另有说明,本发明不限于特定的化合物、组分、组合物、反应物、反应条件、配体、催化剂结构、茂金属结构等;除非另有说明,它们可能会有所不同。还应理解,本文中使用的术语仅用于描述具体实施方案的目的,并不旨在进行限制。
在本文的详述和权利要求中的所有数值表示由“约”或“大约”修饰的指定值,并考虑试验误差和本领域技术人员可预期的变化。除非另有说明,室温是约25℃。
为了简要起见,在本文中仅仅明确描述某些范围。但是,从任何下限起始的范围可以与任何上限组合以列举未明确记载的范围,而且从任何下限起始的范围可以与任何其它下限组合以列举未明确记载的范围;同样,从任何上限起始的范围可以与任何其它上限组合以列举未明确记载的范围。另外,虽然没有明确记载,但是范围包括在其端点之间的每个点或单独数值。因此,每个端点或单独数值可以本身用作下限或上限,与任何其它点或单独数值或任何其它下限或上限组合以列举未明确记载的范围。
就本公开而言,适用以下定义:
如本文所用,本文所用的术语冠词“a”和定冠词“the”应理解为包括复数和单数形式。
除非另有说明,术语“芳基”是指多不饱和的芳族取代基,其可以是单环或稠合在一起或共价连接的多环。在一个方面,取代基具有1至11个环,或更具体地具有1至3个环。术语“杂芳基”是指含有1至4个选自N、O和S的杂原子的芳基取代基(或环),其中氮和硫原子任选被氧化,且氮原子任选被季铵化。一种示例性的杂芳基是六元嗪,例如吡啶基、二嗪基和三嗪基。杂芳基可以经由杂原子连接到分子的其余部分。芳基和杂芳基的非限制性实例包括苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、4-联苯基、1-吡咯基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基、3-吡唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、吡嗪基、2-噁唑基、4-噁唑基、2-苯基-4-噁唑基、5-噁唑基、3-异噁唑基、4-异噁唑基、5-异噁唑基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、2-嘧啶基、4-嘧啶基、5-苯并噻唑基、嘌呤基、2-苯并咪唑基、5-吲哚基、1-异喹啉基、5-异喹啉基、2-喹喔啉基、5-喹喔啉基、3-喹啉基和6-喹啉基。各个上述芳基和杂芳基环系的取代基选自下述可接受的取代基。
如本文所用,术语“烷基”、“芳基”和“杂芳基”可以任选包括指定物种的取代形式和未取代形式。芳基和杂芳基的取代基一般称为“芳基取代基”。所述取代基选自例如:经由碳或杂原子(例如P、N、O、S、Si或B)与杂芳基或杂芳烃核连接的基团,包括但不限于取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基、取代或未取代的杂环烷基、--OR'、=O、=NR'、=N--OR'、--NR'R”、--SR'、-卤素、--SiR'R”R”'、--OC(O)R'、--C(O)R'、--CO2R'、--CONR'R”、--OC(O))NR'R”、--NR”C(O)R'、--NR'--C(O)NR”R”'、--NR”C(O)2R'、--NR--C(NR'R”R”')2NR””、--NR--C(NR'R”)=NR”'、--S(O)R'、--S(O)R'、--S(O)NR'R”、--NRSOR'、--CN和--R'、--、--CH(Ph)、氟(C1-C4)烷氧基和氟(C1-C4)烷基,其数目是从零到在芳环体系上开环化合价的总数。上述基团各自与芳基或杂芳基核直接连接或经由杂原子(例如P、N、O、S、Si或B)连接;其中R'、R”、R”'和R””'优选独立地选自氢、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的杂烷基、取代或未取代的芳基和取代或未取代的杂芳基。当本发明化合物包含多于一个R基团时,例如,R基团各自根据R'、R”、R”'和R””基团(当存在多于一个这些基团时)独立地选择。
除非另有说明,术语“烷基”本身或作为另一个取代基的一部分是指直链或支链或环状的烃基团或其组合,它们可以是完全饱和的、单或多不饱和的,和可以包括二价、三价和多价基团,具有指定的碳原子数(即C1-C10表示1-10个碳原子)。饱和烃基的实例包括但不限于基团如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、环己基、(环己基)甲基、环丙基甲基,其同系物和异构体,例如正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基等的同系物和异构体。不饱和烷基是具有一个或多个双键或三键的烷基。不饱和烷基的实例包括但不限于乙烯基、2-丙烯基、巴豆基、2-异戊烯基、2-(丁二烯基)、2,4-戊二烯基、3-(1,4-戊二烯基)、乙炔基、1-和3-丙炔基、3-丁炔基,以及更高级的同系物和异构体。除非另有说明,术语“烷基”还意味着任选包括以下更详细定义的那些烷基衍生物,例如“杂烷基”。
除非另有说明,术语“卤”或“卤素”本身或作为另一取代基的一部分表示氟、氯、溴或碘原子。
如本文所用,“等温线”是指当体系温度保持恒定时,吸附物的吸附随着浓度的变化。在一个实施方案中,吸附物是CO2,并且浓度可以作为CO2压力测量。如本文所述,等温线可以用多孔材料呈现进行并使用用于计算表观表面积的各种数学模型。参见Brunauer,S.等,“在多分子层中的气体的吸附”,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,60,309-319,1938;Walton,K.S.等,“BET方法用于测定微孔金属-有机骨架的表面积的适用性”,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,129,27,8552-8556,2007;Langmuir,I.,“固体和液体的组成和基础性质,第一部分,固体”,J.Am.Chem.Soc.38,11,2221-2295,1916。
本文所用的术语“配体”是指含有一个或多个能够充当路易斯碱(电子供体)的取代基的分子。在一个方面,配体可以是氧、磷或硫。在一个方面,配体可以是含有1至10个胺基团的胺。
符号“R”是通用缩写,其代表选自下组的取代基:H,取代或未取代的烷基,取代或未取代的杂烷基,取代或未取代的芳基,取代或未取代的杂芳基,和取代或未取代的杂环烷基。
如本文所用,术语“元素周期表”是指2015年12月International Union of Pureand Applied Chemistry(IUPAC)的元素周期表。
术语“盐”包括通过酸或碱的中和而制备的化合物的盐,这取决于在本文所述化合物上发现的特定配体或取代基。当本发明化合物含有相对酸性的官能团时,可以通过使这些化合物的中性形式与足量的所需碱接触,无论是纯的还是在合适的惰性溶剂中,由此获得碱加合盐。碱加合盐的实例包括钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、铵盐、有机氨基盐或镁盐,或类似的盐。酸加合盐的实例包括衍生自无机酸如盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、碳酸、一氢碳酸、磷酸、一氢磷酸、二氢磷酸、硫酸、一氢硫酸、氢碘酸或亚磷酸等的那些盐,以及衍生自相对无毒的有机酸如乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、马来酸、苹果酸、丙二酸、苯甲酸、琥珀酸、辛二酸、富马酸、乳酸、扁桃酸、邻苯二甲酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、甲磺酸等的盐。本文本公开的某些特定化合物同时包含碱性和酸性官能团,这使得化合物能够转化为碱加合盐或酸加合盐。还包括盐的水合物。
应当理解,在本文所述的具有一个或多个手性中心的任何化合物中,如果没有明确指出绝对立体化学,则各中心可以独立地具有R-构型或S-构型或其混合物。因此,本文提供的化合物可以是对映体纯的,或是立体异构体混合物。此外,应理解,在本文所述的具有一个或多个双键以产生可定义为E或Z的几何异构体的任何化合物中,各双键可独立地为E或Z或其混合物。同样,应理解,在任何所述化合物中,也意在包括所有互变异构形式。
此外,本文提供的化合物还可以在构成此类化合物的一个或多个原子处包含非天然比例的原子同位素。例如,化合物可以用放射性同位素例如氚(3H)、碘-125(125I)或碳-14(14C)进行放射性标记。主题化合物的所有同位素变体,无论是否具有放射性,都旨在包含在本公开的范围内。
如本文所用,术语“金属有机骨架材料”或“MOF材料”是指金属或准金属和能与金属或准金属配位的有机配体。有机配体与金属(或准金属)的金属-有机骨架配位网络可以形成多孔的三维结构。
如本文所用,“金属有机骨架”可以是如PCT专利申请公开WO2020/219907中所述的混合金属有机骨架,或金属-有机骨架体系,或混合金属混合有机骨架体系。
一般而言,金属-有机骨架(“MOF”)是一类高度多孔的材料,其具有在广泛领域中的多种潜在用途,包括气体储存、气液分离、异构体分离、传感、环境修复、废料去除和催化。与具有纯无机特性的沸石相比,MOF利用有机配体,有机配体可以充当将金属原子或金属原子簇桥接在一起的“支柱”。与沸石相似,MOF是微孔的。金属-有机骨架(“MOF”)的孔形状和尺寸通过选择有机配体和金属进行调节。因为有机配体可以进行改性,所以MOF在整体上的结构是多样性的,这与沸石不同。影响MOF结构的因素包括例如以下一种或多种:配体齿合度,配位基团的尺寸和类型,与配位基团距离远或近的附加取代,配体的尺寸和几何形状,配体的疏水性或亲水性,金属和/或金属盐的选择,溶剂的选择,以及反应条件例如温度、浓度等等。
金属-有机骨架是由金属和多位点(multi-topic)有机连接体组成的材料,其自组装形成配位网络。在实际应用中,材料的强度和形状对于性能而言是关键的。成型的粒子帮助避免在吸附床中的大幅度压降,并允许较容易的材料处理。所以,粉末MOF通常成型为挤出物、环、丸粒、球等。除了保持成型材料的化学和物理特性之外,机械强度也是十分重要的。粉末形式的MOF具有差的机械性能(即,零压碎强度)。
MOF目前作为结晶粉末材料合成或商购获得。粉末材料通常成型为挤出物、环、丸粒、球等。除了保持成型材料的化学和物理特性之外,机械强度也是十分重要的。单独的MOF具有差的机械性能(即,零压碎强度)。
如上所述,对于许多工业和商业产品而言,粉末形式的MOF可以成型为更大的内聚物体,其具有所需的限定形状。在传统方法中将粉末形式的MOF固结成大物体,例如造粒和挤出,这通常得到不理想的物理和机械性能。更具体而言,通过压实加工粉末形式的MOF可以导致表面积低于粉末形式MOF的表面积,这是由于金属-有机骨架(“MOF”)结构的压力敏感性和较低的压碎强度。另外,某些加工条件可以导致初始MOF结构的全部或部分的相转变,这得到X-射线粉末衍射和表面积分析的证实。这些因素各自可以对生产成型体形式的MOF和/或在各种应用中使用成型体作为装置时产生问题。
虽然期望将金属-有机骨架粉末固结成更内聚(成型)的实体,但是MOF的性质,特别是它们对压力和剪切的弱耐受性,可以导致在用于固结粉末形式MOF时的压力(例如约100psi至数千psi)和剪切下出现各种问题,特别是在挤出期间。MOF粉末的这些加工可以导致在MOF结构内的至少一部分孔崩塌,和导致出现不期望的且通常显著的BET表面积降低。此外,用于将粉末形式的MOF固结成成型体的条件可以导致MOF结构至少部分和有时全部转化成另一材料,例如另一个结晶相。已固结的MOF具有差的压碎强度,这可以导致问题。例如,差的压碎强度值可以导致产生细料,这可以在运输时产生问题以及对某些应用不利。
金属-有机骨架
如本文所述,金属-有机骨架可以是ZIF(或沸石咪唑(Zeolitic Imidazolate)骨架)、MIL(或(拉瓦希尔系列骨架(Matériaux de l'Institut Lavoisier))和IRMOF(或均匀网状(IsoReticular)金属有机骨架),它们单独使用或与其它MOF组合使用。在某些实施方案中,MOF选自:HKUST-1,MOF-74,MIL-100,ZIF-7,ZIF-8,ZIF-90,UiO-66,UiO-67,MOF-808或MOF-274。在一方面,金属-有机骨架选自下组:HKUST-1,UiO-66,ZIF-8,ZIF-7,MIL-100,MOF-74,M2(m-dobdc),MOF-274,Cu(Qc)2,及其组合。
MOFs可以如下所述通过一种有机配体或者两种或更多种有机配体的组合与金属或准金属的结合来制备。例如,MOF-274和EMM-67是Mg2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Co2+或其组合与4,4′-二羟基-(1,1′-联苯)-3,3′-二甲酸的结合。参见WO 2020/219907。另外,MOF-274可以包括配位到在其结构内的金属位点的胺。
有机配体
如本文所用,有机配体是单齿、双齿或多齿的配体。有机配体可以是单种配体或其组合。通常,有机配体能与金属离子配位,原则上可以使用适合用于这种配位的所有化合物。有机配体包含至少两个中心,其能与金属盐的金属离子配位,或与金属或准金属配位。在一方面,有机配体包括:i)具有1至10个碳原子的烷基亚结构(substructure),ii)具有1至5个芳环的芳基亚结构,iii)烷基胺或芳基胺亚结构,其包含具有1至10个碳原子的烷基或具有1至5个芳环的芳基,其中所述亚结构具有共价键合到亚结构的至少两个官能团“X”,并且其中X能与金属或准金属配位。
在一方面,每个X独立地选自以下基团的中性或离子形式:CO2H,OH,SH,NH2,CN,HCO,CS2H,NO2,SO3H,Si(OH)3,Ge(OH)3,Sn(OH)3,Sn(SH)3,PO3H,CH(RSH)2,C(RSH)3,CH(RNH2)2,C(RNH2)3,CH(ROH)2,C(ROH)3,CH(RCN)2,C(RCN)3,CH(SH)2,C(SH)3,CH(NH2)2,C(NH2)2,CH(OH)2,C(OH)3,CH(CN)2,C(CN)3,含氮杂环,含硫杂环,及其组合,其中R是具有1至5个碳原子的烷基或包含1至2个苯环的芳基。
在一方面,有机配体包括取代或未取代的、单核或多核的芳族二-、三-和四-羧酸,和取代或未取代的含至少一个杂原子的芳族二-、三-和四-羧酸,其具有一个或多个母核。
在一方面,有机配体是苯三甲酸根(BTC)(一种或多种异构体),ADC(乙炔二甲酸根),NDC(萘二甲酸根)(任何异构体),BDC(苯二甲酸根)(任何异构体),ATC(金刚烷四甲酸根)(任何异构体),BTB(苯三苯甲酸根)(任何异构体),MTB(甲烷四苯甲酸根),ATB(金刚烷三苯甲酸根)(任何异构体),联苯-4,4′-二甲酸根,苯-1,3,5-三(1H-四唑),咪唑,或其衍生物,或其组合。
具有多齿官能团的配体可以包含相应的抗衡阳离子,例如H+,Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Sr2 +,铵离子,烷基取代的铵离子,和芳基取代的铵离子;或抗衡阴离子,例如F-,Cl-,Br-,I-,ClO-,ClO2 -,ClO3 -,ClO4 -,OH-,NO3 -,NO2 -,SO4 2-,SO3 2-,PO4 3-,CO3 2-,和HCO3-。
在一方面,有机配体包括单齿官能团。单齿官能团定义为键合到亚结构上的结构部分,其仅能形成一个与金属离子连接的键,亚结构可包括如上文定义的有机配体或胺配体亚结构L。根据此定义,配体可以含有一个或多个单齿官能团。例如,环己胺和4,4'-联吡啶是含有单齿官能团的配体,因为每个官能团仅仅能键合到一个金属离子。
相应地,环己胺是含有单齿官能团的单官能配体,4,4'-联吡啶是含有两个单齿官能团的双官能配体。含有单齿官能团的配体的具体实例是吡啶,其是单官能配体;氢醌,其是双官能配体;和1,3,5-三氰基苯,其是三官能配体。
具有单齿官能团的配体可以与含有多齿官能团的配体共混,从而在合适的金属离子和任选模板剂的存在下制备MOF。单齿配体也可以用作模板剂。可以将模板剂加入反应混合物中以占据在所得MOF中的孔隙。单齿配体和/或模板剂可以包括以下物质和/或其衍生物:
A.烷基或芳基胺或膦及其相应的铵盐或鏻盐,烷基胺或膦可以包括具有1至20个碳原子的直链、支化或环状的脂族基团(及其相应的铵盐),芳基胺或膦可以包括1至5个芳环,所述芳环包括杂环。单官能胺的实例是甲基胺,乙基胺,正丙基胺,异丙基胺,正丁基胺,仲丁基胺,异丁基胺,叔丁基胺,正戊基胺,新戊基胺,正己基胺,吡咯烷,3-吡咯啉,哌啶,环己基胺,吗啉,吡啶,吡咯,苯胺,喹啉,异喹啉,1-氮杂菲,和8-氮杂菲。双官能和三官能胺的实例是1,4-二氨基环己烷,1,4-二氨基苯,4,4'-联吡啶,咪唑,吡嗪,1,3,5-三氨基环己烷,1,3,5-三嗪,和1,3,5-三氨基苯。
B.醇,其具有含1至20个碳原子的烷基或环烷基或者含1至5个苯环的芳基。单官能醇的实例是甲醇,乙醇,正丙醇,异丙醇,烯丙基醇,正丁醇,异丁醇,仲丁醇,叔丁醇,正戊醇,异戊醇,仲戊醇,新戊醇,正己醇,环己醇,酚,苄基醇,和2-苯基乙醇。双官能和三官能醇的实例是1,4-二羟基环己烷,氢醌,邻苯二酚,间苯二酚,1,3,5-三羟基苯,和1,3,5-三羟基环己烷。
C.醚,其具有含1至20个碳原子的烷基或环烷基或者含1至5个苯环的芳基。醚的实例是二乙基醚、呋喃和吗啉。
D.硫醇,其具有含1至20个碳原子的烷基或环烷基或者含1至5个苯环的芳基。单官能硫醇的实例是硫代甲烷、硫代乙烷、硫代丙烷、硫代环己烷、噻吩、苯并噻吩和硫代苯。双官能和三官能硫醇的实例是1,4-二硫代环己烷、1,4-二硫代苯、1,3,5-三硫代环己烷和1,3,5-三硫代苯。
E.腈,其具有含1至20个碳原子的烷基或环烷基或者含1至5个苯环的芳基。单官能腈的实例是乙腈、丙腈、丁腈、正戊腈、苯甲腈和对甲苯腈。双官能和三官能腈的实例是1,4-二次氮基环己烷、1,4-二次氮基苯,1,3,5-三次氮基环己烷和1,3,5-三次氮基苯。
F.选自下组的无机阴离子:硫酸根,硝酸根,亚硝酸根,亚硫酸根,硫酸氢根,磷酸根,磷酸氢根,磷酸二氢根,二磷酸根,三磷酸根,亚磷酸根,氯离子,氯酸根,溴离子,溴酸根,碘离子,碘酸根,碳酸根,碳酸氢根,硫氰根和异氰根,以及上述无机阴离子的相应酸和盐。
G.有机酸和相应的阴离子(和盐)。有机酸可以包括烷基有机酸,其含有具有1至20个碳原子的直链、支化或环状的脂族基团;或具有1至5个芳环的芳基有机酸及其相应的芳基有机阴离子和盐,所述芳环可以包括杂环。
H.其它有机物和无机物,例如氨,二氧化碳,甲烷,氧,乙烯,己烷,苯,甲苯,二甲苯,氯苯,硝基苯,萘,噻吩,吡啶,丙酮,1,2-二氯乙烷,氯甲烷,四氢呋喃,乙醇胺,三乙胺或三氟甲基磺酸。
另外,模板剂可以包括不含官能团的其它脂族和芳族烃。在一方面,模板剂包括环烷,例如环己烷、金刚烷或降冰片烯,和/或芳族化合物,例如苯、甲苯或二甲苯。
金属离子
如上所述,金属-有机骨架可以通过组合金属离子、有机配体和任选的合适模板剂来合成。合适的金属离子包括具有变化的配位几何构造和氧化态的金属和准金属。在一方面,金属-有机骨架通过使用具有显著不同的配位几何构造的金属离子与具有多齿官能团的配体和合适的模板剂组合来制备。金属-有机骨架可以使用优先进行八面体配位的金属离子、例如钴(II)制备,和/或使用优先进行四面体配位的金属离子、例如锌(II)制备。MOF可以使用一种或多种以下金属离子:Mg2+,Ca2+,Sr2+,Ba2+,Sc3+,Y3+,Ti4+,Zr4+,Hf4+,V5+,V4+,V3 +,V2+,Nb3+,Ta3+,Cr3+,Mo3+,W3+,Mn3+,Mn2+,Re3+,Re2+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Ru3+,Ru2+,Os3+,Os2+,Co3+,Co2 +,Rh2+,Rh+,Ir2+,Ir+,Pd2+,Pd+,Pt2+,Pt+,Cu2+,Cu+,Ag+,Au+,Zn2+,Cd2+,Hg2+,Al3+,Ga3+,In3+,Tl3+,Si4+,Si2+,Ge4+,Ge2+,Sn4+,Sn2+,Pb4+,Pb2+,As5+,As3+,As+,Sb5+,Sb3+,Sb+,和Bi5+,Bi3+,Bi+,Be2+;与相应的金属盐抗衡离子一起制备。术语“金属离子”是指金属离子和准金属离子。在一方面,合适的金属离子包括:Sc3+,Ti4+,V4+,V3+,V2+,Cr3+,Mo3+,Mg2+,Mn3+,Mn2+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Ru3+,Ru2+,Os3+,Os2+,Co3+,Co2+,Rh2+,Rh+,Ir2+,Ir+,Ni2+,Pd+,Pt2+,Pt+,Cu2+,Cu+,Ag+,Au+,Zn2 +,Cd2+,Al3+,Ga3+,In3+,Ge4+,Ge2+,Sn4+,Sn2+,Pb4+,Pb2+,Sb5+,Sb3+,Sb+,和/或Bi5+,Bi3+,Bi+,Be2 +;以及相应的金属盐抗衡阴离子。在一方面,金属离子包括:Sc3+,Ti4+,V4+,V3+,Cr3+,Mo3+,Mn3 +,Mn2+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Co3+,Co2+,Cu2+,Cu+,Ag+,Zn2+,Cd2+,Al3+,Sn4+,Sn2+,和/或Bi5+,Bi3+,Bi+;以及相应的金属盐抗衡离子。在一方面,用于制备MOFs的金属离子选自下组:Mg2+,Mn3+,Mn2+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Co3+,Co2+,Cu2+,Cu+,Pt2+,Ag+,和Zn2+,以及相应的金属盐抗衡离子。
金属-有机骨架的制备
刚性且稳定的金属-有机骨架(“MOF”)的合成可以在温和的反应条件下进行。在大多数情况下,将试剂合并成溶液,该溶液是水性或非水性的,其中合成反应温度在0℃至100℃的范围内(在敞开的烧杯中)。在其它情况下,在封闭的容器中在25℃至300℃的温度下进行溶液反应。在任一种上述情况下,形成大的单晶或微晶的微孔固体。
在MOF的制备中,可以将反应物按照金属离子相对于含多齿官能团的配体的摩尔比率为1:10至10:1加入。在一方面,金属离子相对于含多齿官能团的配体的摩尔比率是1:3至3:1,例如1:2至2:1。模板剂可以在某些情况下用作溶剂,在该溶剂中进行反应。模板剂的量可以影响MOF的制备。因此,模板剂可以过量使用,且不会干扰反应和MOF的制备。另外,当组合使用含单齿官能团的配体与金属离子和含多齿官能团的配体时,含单齿官能团的配体可以过量添加。在某些情况下,含单齿官能团的配体可以用作溶剂,在该溶剂中进行反应。另外,在某些情况下,模板剂和含单齿官能团的配体可以是相同的。作为含单齿官能团的配体的模板剂的一个实例是吡啶。
MOF的合成可以在水性体系或非水性体系中进行。如本文所用,水性体系或非水性体系表示和包括处于溶液或在悬浮液的状态。溶剂可以是极性或非极性的,而且溶剂可以是模板剂,或任选的含单齿官能团的配体。非水性溶剂的实例包括正烷烃,例如戊烷、己烷,苯,甲苯,二甲苯,氯苯,硝基苯,氰基苯,苯胺,萘,石脑油,n-醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇,异丙醇,丙酮,1,2-二氯乙烷,氯甲烷,氯仿,四氯化碳,四氢呋喃,二甲基甲酰胺,二甲基亚砜,噻吩,吡啶,乙醇胺,三乙基胺,乙二胺等。
为了形成微孔材料的大单晶以适合用于单晶的x-射线结构表征,溶液反应可以在粘性材料的存在下进行,例如聚合物型添加剂。具体的添加剂可以包括聚氧乙烯、聚甲基甲基丙烯酸、硅胶、琼脂、脂肪和胶原蛋白,它们可以有助于获得高产率和纯结晶产物。微孔材料的大单晶的生长导致微孔框架的清晰表征。微孔材料的大单晶可以用于磁性和电子传感应用。
任选的添加剂
金属-有机骨架可以包含添加剂,例如填料,抗氧化剂(例如受阻酚,例如来自Ciba-Geigy的IRGANOXTM 1010或IRGANOXTM 1076),光氧化的抑制剂(例如受阻胺光稳定剂,HALS,例如来自BASF的123),亚磷酸酯(例如来自Ciba-Geigy的IRGAFOSTM168),防紧贴(anti-cling)添加剂,增粘剂,例如聚丁烯,萜烯树脂,脂族和芳族烃树脂,碱金属和甘油硬脂酸盐,以及氢化松香;UV稳定剂;热稳定剂,防粘连剂,脱模剂,抗静电剂,颜料,着色剂,染料,蜡,二氧化硅,填料以及滑石。
其它任选的添加剂包括二氧化硅,例如沉淀法二氧化硅和源自副产物如飞灰的二氧化硅,例如二氧化硅-氧化铝,二氧化硅-钙粒子,或热解法二氧化硅。在一方面,二氧化硅是颗粒物质,并具有10μm或更小的平均粒度,例如5μm或更小,或1μm或更小。在一方面,二氧化硅是无定形二氧化硅。
可任选包含于金属-有机涂层中的其它添加剂包括无机化合物,例如二氧化钛,水合二氧化钛,水合的氧化铝或氧化铝衍生物,硅和铝化合物的混合物,硅化合物,粘土矿物,烷氧基硅烷,和两亲性物质。添加剂也可以包括适合用于粘结粉末材料的任何化合物,例如以下元素的氧化物:硅,铝,硼,磷,锆和/或钛。另外,添加剂可以包括镁的氧化物和铍的氧化物。另外,四烷氧基硅烷可以用作添加剂,例如四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷、四丙氧基硅烷和四丁氧基硅烷,类似的四烷氧基钛和四烷氧基锆化合物,以及三甲氧基-、三乙氧基-、三丙氧基-和三丁氧基-铝。
藻酸钠和氯化钙溶液的使用
藻酸钠是藻酸的钠盐,并且是在棕色海藻的细胞壁内侧发现的一种亲水性多糖。如图4所示,藻酸是线型共聚物,其分别具有(1→4)-连接的β-D-甘露糖醛酸(mannuronate)(M)和α-L-古洛糖醛酸(guluronate)(G)残基的均聚链段,这些链段按照不同的顺序或嵌段共价连接在一起。单体可以在连续的G-残基(G-链段)、连续的M-残基(M-链段)或交替的M和G-残基(MG-链段)的均聚链段中出现。请注意,α-L-古洛糖醛酸是β-D-甘露糖醛酸的C-5差向异构体。藻酸钙是从藻酸钠制得,其中藻酸钠中的两个钠离子已被除去并被一个钙离子代替。
藻酸钠在水中形成溶液。随着藻酸钠的浓度和分子量的增加,溶液的粘度增加。当藻酸钠的水溶液与多价、主要二价的阳离子(例如Ca2+、Ba2+)的水溶液混合时,发生离子交联,导致形成图5所示的凝胶物质。
如本文所述,藻酸钠水溶液可以与金属-有机骨架粉末配制,进一步可以将其加入氯化钙水溶液以得到金属-有机骨架球。金属-有机骨架球可以随后相似地用于挤出或造粒形成的材料。
本发明的形成金属-有机骨架球的方法
本文提供制备本发明金属-有机骨架球的方法。在本发明方法中,将藻酸钠与水混合以得到藻酸钠水溶液。将金属-有机骨架加入藻酸钠水溶液以得到含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物。所述含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物包括水性金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物,其中分子在水性介质中被溶剂化(solvated)。也制备包含水和氯化钙的氯化钙溶液。将金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物加入氯化钙溶液以形成金属-有机骨架球。如本文所述,金属-有机骨架球具有至少10磅力的压碎强度和至少500m2/g的表面积。
更具体而言,可以将氯化钙溶解在水中以得到氯化钙溶液。藻酸钠与水混合以得到藻酸钠水溶液。将金属-有机骨架加入藻酸钠水溶液以得到含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物。将含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物加入氯化钙溶液以形成金属-有机骨架球。在一方面,至少5.0重量%的藻酸钠与水混合以得到藻酸钠水溶液。在一方面,氯化钙水溶液包含约2.0重量%至5.0重量%的氯化钙。在一方面,湿的金属-有机骨架球包含至少60重量%的在干燥金属-有机骨架球中的金属-有机骨架。如本文所述,使用本发明方法制备的金属-有机骨架球具有至少10磅力的压碎强度和至少500m2/g的表面积。
在一方面,金属-有机骨架球包含约60重量%至约70重量%的金属-有机骨架。在一方面,金属-有机骨架球包含至少3.0重量%的钙。在一方面,氯化钙溶液包含至少3.0重量%的氯化钙。在一方面,藻酸钠水溶液具有约20℃至约25℃的温度。在一方面,含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物是浆液。在一方面,浆液包含至少10重量%的金属-有机骨架。在一方面,将浆液滴加到氯化钙溶液中。进一步将金属-有机骨架在藻酸钙的网络内共混,这不受任何理论的限制。在一方面,每个复合物具有以离子方式与钙交联的藻酸盐。此方法制得组合物,其包含约70重量%或更小的金属-有机骨架和与该金属-有机骨架组合的藻酸钙复合物的网络,从而形成具有至少约10磅力的本体压碎强度的金属-有机骨架球。
本文还提供组合物,其包含位于藻酸钙复合物的网络内的多个金属-有机骨架,该组合物通过将含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物与氯化钙水溶液合并而制备,其中含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物包含小于5重量%的藻酸盐和至少10重量%的湿的金属-有机骨架。每个金属-有机骨架包含至少一种金属离子和至少一种有机配体。该组合物包含小于或等于70重量%的金属-有机骨架,并具有至少约10磅力的压碎强度和至少约500m2/g的表面积。
如本文所述,每个金属有机骨架包含有机配体和金属。在一方面,有机配体包含以下一种或多种:具有1至10个碳原子的烷基亚结构;或具有1至5个芳环的芳基亚结构。所述一种或多种亚结构各自具有至少两个X基团,且其中X是能与金属或准金属配位的官能团。在一方面,本发明方法可以制备包含有机配体的金属-有机骨架,所述有机配体含有具有1至10个碳原子的烷基胺亚结构或具有1至5个芳环的芳基胺或含氮杂环亚结构;且其中所述亚结构各自具有至少两个X基团,且其中X是能与金属或准金属配位的官能团。在一方面,在任一情况下,每个X独立地选自以下基团的中性或离子形式:CO2H,OH,SH,OH2,NH2,CN,HCO,CS2H,NO2,SO3H,Si(OH)3,Ge(OH)3,Sn(OH)3,Si(SH)4,Ge(SH)4,Sn(SH)3,PO3H,AsO3H,AsO4H,P(SH)3,As(SH)3,CH(RSH)2,C(RSH)3,CH(RNH2)2,C(RNH2)3,CH(ROH)2,C(ROH)3,CH(RCN)2,C(RCN)3,CH(SH)2,C(SH)3,CH(NH2)2,C(NH2)2,CH(OH)2,C(OH)3,CH(CN)2,C(CN)3,含氮杂环,含硫杂环,或其组合,其中R是具有1至5个碳原子的烷基或具有1至2个苯环的芳基。在一方面,有机配体是1,3,5-苯三甲酸根,1,4-苯二甲酸根,1,3-苯二甲酸根,联苯-4,4′-二甲酸根,苯-1,3,5-三(1H-四唑),乙炔-1,2-二甲酸根,萘二甲酸根,金刚烷四甲酸根,苯三苯甲酸根,甲烷四苯甲酸根,金刚烷三苯甲酸根,联苯-4,4′-二甲酸根,咪唑,2,5-二羟基-1,4-苯二甲酸,4,4′-二羟基-(1,1′-联苯)-3,3′-二甲酸,其衍生物,或其组合。
另外,本发明方法可以制备金属-有机骨架,其含有选自以下的金属离子:Be2+,Mg2 +,Ca2+,Sr2+,Ba2+,Sc3+,Y3+,Ti4+,Zr4+,Hf4+,V4+,V3+,V2+,Nb3+,Ta3+,Cr3+,Mo3+,W3+,Mn3+,Mn2+,Re3 +,Re2+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Ru3+,Ru2+,Os3+,Os2+,Co3+,Co2+,Rh2+,Rh+,Ir2+,Ir+,Pd2+,Pd+,Pt2+,Pt+,Cu2+,Cu+,Ag+,Au+,Zn2+,Cd2+,Hg2+,Al3+,Ga3+,In3+,Tl3+,Si4+,Si2+,Ge4+,Ge2+,Sn4+,Sn2+,Pb4+,Pb2+,As5+,As3+,As+,Sb5+,Sb3+,Sb+,和Bi5+,Bi3+,Bi+,或其组合。在一方面,金属离子可以是Mg2+,Mn3+,Mn2+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Co3+,Co2+,Cu2+,Cu+,Pt2+,Ag+,Zn2+,Zr4+,Hf4+,或其组合。
在一方面,金属-有机骨架球包含作为金属-有机骨架的UiO-66或Mg-MOF-74或HKUST-1或mmen-Mg-MOF-274。在一方面,由本发明方法制备的金属-有机骨架球能够在能量有效的变温吸附工艺中吸收CO2。
如以下实施例所示,含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物与氯化钙的组合可以形成具有不同金属-有机骨架的球形组合物,由此获得具有增加的压碎强度的金属-有机骨架材料(例如通过ASTM D4179-11(2017)测定)。这些金属-有机骨架球保持高的微孔表面积,这通过低温N2等温线测定。这些金属-有机骨架球也能吸附CO2以应用于变温吸附工艺中。
如本文所证明,通过将金属-有机骨架材料直接加入氯化钙溶液制得了金属-有机骨架球。
实施例
下面通过非限制性实施例描述本发明的特征。
实施例1:金属-有机骨架球的形成
氯化钙(CaCl2)水溶液通过在室温下将氯化钙溶解在水中而形成。藻酸钠溶液通过将藻酸钠与热水混合、然后使该溶液冷却到室温而形成。然后将金属-有机骨架加入藻酸钠溶液中,得到浆液。然后将包含金属-有机骨架和藻酸盐的浆液滴加(在空气中从约1英尺的距离)到CaCl2溶液中并同时搅拌。这导致形成球形或接近球形的宏观粒子(在这里称为金属-有机骨架球)。在完成该工序之后,过滤金属-有机骨架球,然后用水和乙醇洗涤,并在室温下干燥。
下表1提供了CaCl2的重量百分比和在浆液中的MOF的重量%(称为“重量%MOF(湿)”)。表1还提供在经干燥的金属-有机骨架球中的MOF的重量%,表示为“重量%MOF(干)”。然后,分析金属-有机骨架球的压碎强度,并列在表1的最后一列中。
表1
压碎强度数据
用含水藻酸钠和氯化钙制备的金属-有机骨架球
虽然MOF粉末本身的压碎强度为零,但是显然用本方法制得的金属-有机骨架球提供了增加的压碎强度。
实施例2:具有高表面积的金属-有机骨架球
测量在上述实施例1中用于制备金属-有机骨架球的金属-有机骨架的保留的表面积。如下表2所示,“归一化表面积”是指每克金属-有机骨架的表面积,并注意金属-有机骨架球的总质量。保留的表面积百分比是基于归一化数值,列于表2的最后一列中。
表2
表面积数据
用含水藻酸钠和氯化钙制备的金属-有机骨架球
在使用藻酸盐形成Mg-MOF-74时的表面积确实有些降低(保留79%的表面积),而UiO-66的表面积稍有增加。图1A显示在形成球和不形成球的情况下Mg-MOF-74在77K下获取的N2等温线。图1B显示在形成球和不形成球的情况下UiO-66在77K下获取的N2等温线。
实施例3:能吸附CO2的金属有机骨架球
对于用于实施例1中的金属-有机骨架方法,进行一系列实验以证明mmen-Mg-MOF-274球能吸附CO2,与受关注的mmen-Mg-MOF-274(其中mmen=N,N’-二甲基乙二胺)相似。表3中所示的样品,各自配制以提供含有基于干重计的91.7%金属-有机骨架的金属-有机骨架球,并使用3.6重量%的氯化钙溶液。表3提供基于理论容量计的%CO2容量。mmen-Mg-MOF-274的理论容量是17.78%质量增加,其中按每个mmen-Mg结构部分计吸附一个CO2分子。归一化数值是基于藻酸盐复合物的网络(及其相关的聚合物),其不会吸附CO2(参见实施例4)。具体而言,当金属-有机骨架球包含91.7%金属-有机骨架时,理论的质量增加值是16.30%质量增加,其中按每个mmen-Mg结构部分计吸附一个CO2分子。
在变温吸附工艺中,待吸附的气体优先在低温下被吸附,并且不会在高温下吸附或解吸。理想的是,小幅度的温度变化将允许进行能量有效的吸附/解吸。
如下表3所示,给出在三个温度下(140℃、120℃和40℃)的%CO2容量。在表3中,在最后一列中提供使用归一化数值,在40℃和140℃下的%CO2容量的商值。该数值是重要的,并理想地应当尽可能大。不含藻酸盐的mmen-Mg-MOF-274在40℃下吸附的CO2量是在140℃下吸附量的23.4倍。
表3
用使用含水藻酸钠和氯化钙制备的金属-有机骨架球吸附CO2
当mmen-Mg-MOF-274与藻酸钠和氯化钙混合时(表3的第2行和图2),在高温下吸附较多的CO2,而在低温下吸附较少的CO2,这使得商值为4.3。这种不利的效果可以通过将纯mmen(第3行)或mmen在甲苯中的溶液(第4行)加入这些金属有机骨架球来逆转,参见图2。但是,这证明了使用藻酸钠/氯化钙将mmen-Mg-MOF-274球形化的能力,并且所形成的金属有机骨架球能够在能量有效的变温吸附工艺中吸附CO2。
实施例4:各种测试方法
我们考察了制备金属-有机骨架球的另一种方法,其中将金属有机骨架混合到氯化钙的水溶液中,然后将该混合物加入藻酸钠水溶液中。使用3.6重量%CaCl2溶液。下表4显示在金属-有机骨架球中的金属-有机骨架的重量%(干基础),以及作为增重%表示的容量。
表4用通过金属-有机骨架在氯化钙溶液中混合制备的金属-有机球吸附CO2
如表4的数据和图3所示,不含金属-有机骨架的对比样品没有吸附任何CO2。进而,虽然该方法制得了金属-有机骨架球,但是这种球没有吸附CO2。另一方面,使用实施例1的方法制得的金属-有机骨架球吸附了CO2,基于在金属-有机骨架球中的金属-有机骨架的重量%。
当在本文中提到数值上限和数值下限时,考虑从任何下限到任何上限的范围。虽然上文具体描述了各个具体方面,但是本发明不限于此。为了在具体条件下的操作,本领域技术人员可以执行合适的改变/改进。因此,所附的权利要求的范围应理解为涵盖在本公开的真实主旨/范围内的全部这些改变/改进。
另外或作为替代,本发明涉及以下方案:
实施方案1:一种组合物,其包含位于藻酸钙复合物的网络内的多个金属-有机骨架,该组合物通过将含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物与氯化钙水溶液混合来制备,其中含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物包含小于或等于约5.0重量%的藻酸钠、约1.0重量%至5.0重量%的氯化钙和至少10重量%的金属-有机骨架,每个金属-有机骨架包含至少一种金属离子和至少一种有机配体,其中该组合物包含大于或等于60重量%的金属-有机骨架,并具有至少约10磅力的压碎强度和至少约500m2/g的表面积。
实施方案2.一种金属-有机骨架球,其包含:约60重量%至约70重量%的金属-有机骨架,每个金属有机骨架包含有机配体和金属,其中金属-有机骨架在藻酸钙复合物的网络内共混,每个复合物具有以离子方式与钙交联的藻酸盐,其中金属-有机骨架球具有至少10磅力的本体压碎强度和至少500m2/g的表面积。
实施方案3.一种制备金属-有机骨架球的方法,其包括:
在水中溶解氯化钙以得到氯化钙溶液;
将藻酸钠与水混合以得到藻酸钠水溶液;
将金属-有机骨架加入藻酸钠水溶液以得到含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物,其中每个金属-有机骨架具有有机配体和金属;和
将含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物加入氯化钙溶液以形成金属-有机骨架球。
实施方案4.根据实施方案3所述的方法,其中氯化钙溶液包含至少3.0重量%的氯化钙。
实施方案5.根据实施方案3或4所述的方法,其中藻酸钠水溶液具有20℃至25℃的温度。
实施方案6.根据实施方案3至5中任一项所述的方法,其中含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物是浆液。
实施方案7.根据实施方案6所述的方法,其中浆液包含至少10重量%的金属-有机骨架。
实施方案8.根据实施方案6或7所述的方法,其中将浆液滴加到氯化钙溶液中。
实施方案9.一种制备金属-有机骨架球的方法,其包括以下步骤:
将小于或等于约5.0重量%的藻酸钠与水混合以得到藻酸钠水溶液;
将多个金属-有机骨架加入藻酸钠水溶液以得到含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物,其中每个金属-有机骨架具有有机配体和金属;和
将含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物加入包含约2.0重量%至5.0重量%氯化钙的氯化钙水溶液以形成金属-有机骨架球,例如形成在金属-有机骨架球中的约15重量%或更少的湿金属-有机骨架。
实施方案10.根据实施方案3至9中任一项所述的方法,其中金属-有机骨架球具有至少10磅力的强度和至少500m2/g的表面积。
实施方案11.根据实施方案3至10中任一项所述的方法,其还包括将纯胺或胺在甲苯中的溶液加入金属-有机骨架球。
实施方案12.根据前述实施方案中任一项所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中有机配体含有以下一种或多种亚结构:
具有1至10个碳原子的烷基亚结构;或
具有1至5个芳环的芳基亚结构;和
其中一种或多种亚结构各自具有至少两个X基团,且X是能与金属或准金属配位的官能团。
实施方案13.根据前述实施方案中任一项所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中每个金属-有机骨架包含有机配体,该有机配体含有具有1至10个碳原子的烷基胺亚结构或者具有1至5个芳环的芳基胺或含氮杂环亚结构;且所述一种或多种亚结构各自具有至少两个X基团,且X是能与金属或准金属配位的官能团。
实施方案14.根据实施方案12或13所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中每个X独立地选自以下基团的中性或离子形式:CO2H,OH,SH,OH2,NH2,CN,HCO,CS2H,NO2,SO3H,Si(OH)3,Ge(OH)3,Sn(OH)3,Si(SH)4,Ge(SH)4,Sn(SH)3,PO3H,AsO3H,AsO4H,P(SH)3,As(SH)3,CH(RSH)2,C(RSH)3,CH(RNH2)2,C(RNH2)3,CH(ROH)2,C(ROH)3,CH(RCN)2,C(RCN)3,CH(SH)2,C(SH)3,CH(NH2)2,C(NH2)2,CH(OH)2,C(OH)3,CH(CN)2,C(CN)3,含氮杂环,含硫杂环,或其组合,其中R是具有1至5个碳原子的烷基或具有1至2个苯环的芳基。
实施方案15.根据前述实施方案中任一项所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中有机配体选自1,3,5-苯三甲酸根,1,4-苯二甲酸根,1,3-苯二甲酸根,联苯-4,4′-二甲酸根,苯-1,3,5-三(1H-四唑),乙炔-1,2-二甲酸根,萘二甲酸根,金刚烷四甲酸根,苯三苯甲酸根,甲烷四苯甲酸根,金刚烷三苯甲酸根,联苯-4,4′-二甲酸根,咪唑,2,5-二羟基-1,4-苯二甲酸,4,4′-二羟基-(1,1′-联苯)-3,3′-二甲酸,其衍生物,或其组合。
实施方案16.根据前述实施方案中任一项所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中每个金属-有机骨架包含选自以下的金属离子:Be2+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Sr2+,Ba2+,Sc3+,Y3+,Ti4+,Zr4+,Hf4+,V4+,V3+,V2+,Nb3+,Ta3+,Cr3+,Mo3+,W3+,Mn3+,Mn2+,Re3+,Re2+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Ru3+,Ru2 +,Os3+,Os2+,Co3+,Co2+,Rh2+,Rh+,Ir2+,Ir+,Pd2+,Pd+,Pt2+,Pt+,Cu2+,Cu+,Ag+,Au+,Zn2+,Cd2+,Hg2+,Al3+,Ga3+,In3+,Tl3+,Si4+,Si2+,Ge4+,Ge2+,Sn4+,Sn2+,Pb4+,Pb2+,As5+,As3+,As+,Sb5+,Sb3+,Sb+,和Bi5+,Bi3+,Bi+,或其组合。
实施方案17.根据实施方案16所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中金属离子选自Mg2+,Mn3+,Mn2+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Co3+,Co2+,Cu2+,Cu+,Pt2+,Ag+,Zn2+,Zr4+,Hf4+,或其组合。
实施方案18.根据前述实施方案中任一项所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中每个金属-有机骨架选自Mg-MOF-74,HKUST-1,UiO-66,ZIF-8,ZIF-7,MIL-100,Mg-MOF-274,混合的金属有机骨架,和/或其组合。
实施方案19.根据前述实施方案中任一项所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中金属-有机骨架是UiO-66,Mg-MOF-74,或胺-MOF-274。
实施方案20.根据前述实施方案中任一项所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中金属-有机骨架球能够在能量有效的变温吸附工艺中吸收CO2。
Claims (20)
1.一种组合物,其包含位于藻酸钙复合物的网络内的多个金属-有机骨架,该组合物通过将含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物与氯化钙水溶液混合来制备,其中含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物包含小于或等于约5.0重量%的藻酸钠、约1.0重量%至5.0重量%的氯化钙和至少10重量%的金属-有机骨架,每个金属-有机骨架包含至少一种金属离子和至少一种有机配体,其中该组合物包含大于或等于60重量%的金属-有机骨架,并具有至少约10磅力的压碎强度和至少约500m2/g的表面积。
2.一种金属-有机骨架球,其包含:
约60重量%至约70重量%的金属-有机骨架,每个金属有机骨架包含有机配体和金属,其中金属-有机骨架在藻酸钙复合物的网络内共混,每个复合物具有以离子方式与钙交联的藻酸盐,其中金属-有机骨架球具有至少10磅力的本体压碎强度和至少500m2/g的表面积。
3.一种制备金属-有机骨架球的方法,其包括:
在水中溶解氯化钙以得到氯化钙溶液;
将藻酸钠与水混合以得到藻酸钠水溶液;
将金属-有机骨架加入藻酸钠水溶液以得到含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物,其中每个金属-有机骨架具有有机配体和金属;和
将含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物加入氯化钙溶液以形成金属-有机骨架球。
4.权利要求3所述的方法,其中氯化钙溶液包含至少3.0重量%的氯化钙。
5.权利要求3或4所述的方法,其中藻酸钠水溶液具有20℃至25℃的温度。
6.权利要求3至5中任一项所述的方法,其中含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物是浆液。
7.权利要求6所述的方法,其中浆液包含至少10重量%的金属-有机骨架。
8.权利要求6或7所述的方法,其中将浆液滴加到氯化钙溶液中。
9.一种制备金属-有机骨架球的方法,其包括以下步骤:
将小于或等于约5.0重量%的藻酸钠与水混合以得到藻酸钠水溶液;
将多个金属-有机骨架加入藻酸钠水溶液以得到含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物,其中每个金属-有机骨架具有有机配体和金属;和
将含水的金属-有机骨架藻酸盐混合物加入包含约2.0重量%至5.0重量%氯化钙的氯化钙水溶液以形成金属-有机骨架球。
10.权利要求3至9中任一项所述的方法,其中金属-有机骨架球具有至少10磅力的强度和至少500m2/g的表面积。
11.权利要求3至10中任一项所述的方法,其中还包括将纯胺或胺在甲苯中的溶液加入金属-有机骨架球。
12.前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中有机配体含有以下一种或多种亚结构:
具有1至10个碳原子的烷基亚结构;或
具有1至5个芳环的芳基亚结构;和
其中一种或多种亚结构各自具有至少两个X基团,且X是能与金属或准金属配位的官能团。
13.前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中每个金属-有机骨架包含有机配体,所述有机配体含有具有1至10个碳原子的烷基胺亚结构或者具有1至5个芳环的芳基胺或含氮杂环亚结构;并且所述一种或多种亚结构各自具有至少两个X基团,且X是能与金属或准金属配位的官能团。
14.权利要求12或13所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中每个X独立地选自以下基团的中性或离子形式:CO2H,OH,SH,OH2,NH2,CN,HCO,CS2H,NO2,SO3H,Si(OH)3,Ge(OH)3,Sn(OH)3,Si(SH)4,Ge(SH)4,Sn(SH)3,PO3H,AsO3H,AsO4H,P(SH)3,As(SH)3,CH(RSH)2,C(RSH)3,CH(RNH2)2,C(RNH2)3,CH(ROH)2,C(ROH)3,CH(RCN)2,C(RCN)3,CH(SH)2,C(SH)3,CH(NH2)2,C(NH2)2,CH(OH)2,C(OH)3,CH(CN)2,C(CN)3,含氮杂环,含硫杂环,或其组合,其中R是具有1至5个碳原子的烷基或具有1至2个苯环的芳基。
15.前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中有机配体选自1,3,5-苯三甲酸根,1,4-苯二甲酸根,1,3-苯二甲酸根,联苯-4,4′-二甲酸根,苯-1,3,5-三(1H-四唑),乙炔-1,2-二甲酸根,萘二甲酸根,金刚烷四甲酸根,苯三苯甲酸根,甲烷四苯甲酸根,金刚烷三苯甲酸根,联苯-4,4′-二甲酸根,咪唑,2,5-二羟基-1,4-苯二甲酸,4,4′-二羟基-(1,1′-联苯)-3,3′-二甲酸,其衍生物,或其组合。
16.前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中每个金属-有机骨架包含选自以下的金属离子:Be2+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Sr2+,Ba2+,Sc3+,Y3+,Ti4+,Zr4+,Hf4+,V4+,V3 +,V2+,Nb3+,Ta3+,Cr3+,Mo3+,W3+,Mn3+,Mn2+,Re3+,Re2+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Ru3+,Ru2+,Os3+,Os2+,Co3+,Co2 +,Rh2+,Rh+,Ir2+,Ir+,Pd2+,Pd+,Pt2+,Pt+,Cu2+,Cu+,Ag+,Au+,Zn2+,Cd2+,Hg2+,Al3+,Ga3+,In3+,Tl3+,Si4+,Si2+,Ge4+,Ge2+,Sn4+,Sn2+,Pb4+,Pb2+,As5+,As3+,As+,Sb5+,Sb3+,Sb+,和Bi5+,Bi3+,Bi+,或其组合。
17.权利要求16所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中金属离子选自Mg2+,Mn3+,Mn2+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Co3+,Co2+,Cu2+,Cu+,Pt2+,Ag+,Zn2+,Zr4+,Hf4+,或其组合。
18.前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中每个金属-有机骨架选自Mg-MOF-74,HKUST-1,UiO-66,ZIF-8,ZIF-7,MIL-100,Mg-MOF-274,混合的金属有机骨架,和/或其组合。
19.前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中金属-有机骨架是UiO-66,Mg-MOF-74,或胺-MOF-274。
20.前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物、金属-有机骨架球或方法,其中金属-有机骨架球能够在能量有效的变温吸附工艺中吸收CO2。
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