CN117396203A - 食欲素2受体激动剂用于术后恢复的用途 - Google Patents
食欲素2受体激动剂用于术后恢复的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117396203A CN117396203A CN202280037124.XA CN202280037124A CN117396203A CN 117396203 A CN117396203 A CN 117396203A CN 202280037124 A CN202280037124 A CN 202280037124A CN 117396203 A CN117396203 A CN 117396203A
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/4468—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine having a nitrogen directly attached in position 4, e.g. clebopride, fentanyl
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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Landscapes
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Abstract
公开了一种用于在有需要的受试者中的术后恢复的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3‑((甲基磺酰基)氨基)‑2‑(((4‑苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶‑1‑甲酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其盐。
Description
技术领域
本发明的某些实施方案涉及食欲素2受体激动剂用于术后恢复(麻醉维持后意识延迟的改善以及由阿片类药物引起的镇静和呼吸抑制的改善)的用途。
背景技术
目前还没有药物可以缩短从麻醉中恢复的时间。足够水平的镇痛药,尤其是阿片类药物,通常用于管理术后期间的疼痛。然而,阿片类药物相关的副作用诸如镇静、呼吸抑制可能限制阿片类药物在术后期的使用(非专利文献1)。当观察到阿片类药物诱导的严重镇静和呼吸抑制时,广泛使用阿片类药物拮抗剂诸如纳洛酮。但是,阿片类药物拮抗剂不仅降低这些副作用,还降低阿片类药物的镇痛作用。因此,需要缩短从麻醉中恢复的时间并在保持阿片类药物的镇痛作用的同时抑制阿片类药物诱导的副作用的药物。
食欲素系统在控制睡眠/觉醒状态中起重要作用(非专利文献2)。食欲素肽有两种突触后G蛋白偶联受体,即食欲素1受体(OX1R)和食欲素2受体(OX2R)(非专利文献3)。在这两种受体中,OX2R被认为在睡眠/觉醒调节中起关键作用,因为OX2R KO小鼠而非OX1RKO小鼠表现出异常的睡眠周期(非专利文献2)。公开了3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯(化合物(I))作为食欲素2受体激动剂(专利文献1)。
专利文献1:WO 2017/135306 A1
非专利文献1:Sleep Med Rev 11(2007)35-46
非专利文献2:Pharmacol Rev 61(2009)162-176
非专利文献3:Cell 92(1998)573-585
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题
本文公开了一种用于在有需要的受试者中的术后恢复(麻醉维持后意识延迟的改善以及由阿片类药物引起的镇静和呼吸抑制的改善)的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其盐。
解决问题的方法
本发明人已经发现,本说明书中的化合物(I)可用于术后恢复(麻醉维持后意识延迟的改善以及由阿片类药物引起的镇静和呼吸抑制的改善)。作为进一步研究的结果,他们完成了本发明。
因此,本发明包括以下实施方案:
[1]一种用于在有需要的受试者中的术后恢复的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其盐。
[2]一种用于在有需要的受试者中促进从麻醉中恢复或减少从麻醉中恢复的时间的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其盐。
[3]一种用于在有需要的受试者中预防或治疗术后的呼吸障碍/抑制或由阿片类药物诱导的呼吸障碍/抑制的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其盐。
[4]一种用于在有需要的受试者中减少阿片类药物的副作用的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其盐。
[5]一种用于在有需要的受试者中预防或治疗术后的镇静或由阿片类药物诱导的镇静的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其盐。
[6]如[1]至[5]中任一项所述的方法,其中所述施用是非口服施用。
[7]如[6]所述的方法,其中所述非口服施用是静脉内(也称为IV)施用、皮下(也称为SC)施用、透皮施用或透粘膜施用。
在其他实施方案中,本发明涉及以下实施方案:
[8]一种用于在有需要的受试者中加速从麻醉中苏醒的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其盐。
[9]一种用于在有需要的受试者中预防从麻醉中延迟苏醒的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其盐。
[10]一种用于在有需要的受试者中通过解决阿片类药物的限制性副作用来改善处于疼痛下的所述受试者的疼痛管理的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其盐。
[11]一种用于在有需要的受试者中通过解决阿片类药物的限制性副作用来改善术后恢复的所述受试者的疼痛管理的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其盐。
本发明还涉及以下实施方案:
[1a]化合物(I)或其盐用于术后恢复的用途。
[2b]化合物(I)或其盐用于促进从麻醉中恢复或减少从麻醉中恢复的时间的用途。
[3c]化合物(I)或其盐用于预防或治疗术后的呼吸障碍/抑制或阿片类药物诱导的呼吸障碍/抑制的用途。
[4d]化合物(I)或其盐用于降低阿片类药物的副作用的用途。
[5e]化合物(I)或其盐用于预防或治疗术后的镇静或阿片类药物诱导的镇静的用途。
本发明还涉及以下实施方案:
[1aa]一种用于术后恢复的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含化合物(I)或其盐。
[2bb]一种用于促进从麻醉中恢复或减少从麻醉中恢复的时间的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含化合物(I)或其盐。
[3cc]一种用于预防或治疗术后的呼吸障碍/抑制或阿片类药物诱导的呼吸障碍/抑制的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含化合物(I)或其盐。
[4dd]一种用于降低阿片类药物的副作用的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含化合物(I)或其盐。
[5ee]一种用于预防或治疗术后的镇静或阿片类药物诱导的镇静的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含化合物(I)或其盐。
本发明的效果
本说明书中的化合物(I)具有食欲素2型受体激动剂活性,并且可用于术后恢复(麻醉维持后意识延迟的改善以及由阿片类药物引起的镇静和呼吸抑制的改善)。
具体实施方式
本文公开了3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其盐,包含化合物(I)或其盐的组合物和试剂盒,以及使用化合物(I)或其盐的方法。
下面详细描述了本说明书中使用的每个措辞的定义。
在本说明书中,“术后恢复”的实例包括“促进从麻醉中恢复”、“减少从麻醉中恢复的时间”、“预防或治疗术后的呼吸障碍/抑制”、“预防或治疗阿片类药物诱导的呼吸障碍/抑制”、“预防或治疗术后的镇静”和“预防或治疗阿片类药物诱导的镇静”。在一些实施方案中,“术后恢复(recovering post operation)”意指“术后恢复(postoperationrecovery)”或“术后的恢复(postoperative recovery)”。
在一些实施方案中,“术后”意指“外科手术后”,“外科手术之后”或“外科的手术之后”。在一些实施方案中,“术后的”意指“外科手术后的”。
在一些实施方案中,“麻醉”由麻醉剂诱导。麻醉剂的实例包括吸入麻醉剂和静脉内麻醉剂。吸入麻醉剂的实例包括异氟烷、恩氟烷、甲氧氟烷、七氟烷、地氟烷、氟烷以及它们的任何任选的组合。静脉内麻醉剂的实例包括丙泊酚、戊硫巴比妥(thiopental)、硫戊比妥(thiamylal)、咪达唑仑、氟马西尼、氯胺酮、右美托咪啶(盐酸盐)、氟哌利多、依托咪酯以及它们的任何任选的组合。麻醉剂以其有效量用于诱导麻醉。这些量根据麻醉剂的目的或种类、麻醉剂的施用途径、施用对象等适当地决定。
在本说明书中,“术后的呼吸障碍/抑制”的实例包括低氧血症、缺氧和高碳酸血症。在一些实施方案中,低氧血症被定义为至多90百分比的外周氧饱和度(SpO2)。
在本说明书中,“阿片类药物的副作用”的实例包括呼吸障碍/抑制和镇静。呼吸障碍/抑制的实例包括低氧血症、缺氧和高碳酸血症。在一些实施方案中,呼吸障碍/抑制是术后的呼吸障碍/抑制。在一些实施方案中,镇静是术后的镇静。
在本说明书中,“阿片类药物”的实例包括芬太尼、氢吗啡酮、吗啡、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、曲马多、丁丙诺啡、哌替啶、喷他佐辛、多沙普仑以及它们的任何任选的组合。阿片类药物以其有效量用于手术(或外科手术)期间的疼痛管理或疼痛控制。这些量根据阿片类药物的目的或种类、阿片类药物的施用途径、施用对象等适当地决定。
在本说明书中,“阿片类药物的副作用”的实例包括呼吸障碍/抑制和镇静。呼吸障碍/抑制的实例包括缺氧和高碳酸血症。在一些实施方案中,呼吸障碍/抑制是术后的呼吸障碍/抑制。在一些实施方案中,镇静是术后的镇静。
在一些实施方案中,化合物(I)是光学活性化合物。在一些实施方案中,在本文公开的方法、用途和药物组合物中的任一者中,化合物(I)为(2R,3S)-3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((顺-4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯(化合物A)。化合物(I)包括其盐和其光学活性化合物可如WO2017/135306中所公开的那样生产。在本文公开的用途和药物组合物中的任一者中,化合物(I)以其有效量使用。
在一些实施方案中,有效量在约3mg至约500mg之间。在一些实施方案中,有效量在约5mg至约300mg之间。在一些实施方案中,有效量在约5mg至约100mg之间。在一些实施方案中,有效量在约5mg至约50mg之间。
化合物(I)(下文有时简称为本发明化合物)可以其原样使用或通过与药理学上可接受的载体等混合而以药物组合物(也称为药剂)的形式用于哺乳动物(例如,人、小鼠、大鼠、兔、犬、猫、牛、马、猪、猴)。
作为药理学上可接受的载体,可使用通常用作制备材料的各种有机或无机载体物质。这些作为赋形剂、润滑剂、粘合剂和崩解剂掺入用于固体制剂;或作为溶剂、增溶剂、助悬剂、等渗剂、缓冲剂和舒缓剂掺入用于液体制剂;等等;并且可根据需要添加制剂添加剂诸如防腐剂、抗氧化剂、着色剂、甜味剂等。
赋形剂的优选实例包括乳糖、蔗糖、D-甘露醇、D-山梨糖醇、淀粉、凝胶化淀粉、糊精、结晶纤维素、低取代的羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、阿拉伯树胶、普鲁兰多糖、轻质无水硅酸、合成硅酸铝和偏硅酸铝酸镁。
润滑剂的优选实例包括硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、滑石和胶体二氧化硅。
粘合剂的优选实例包括凝胶化淀粉、蔗糖、明胶、阿拉伯树胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、结晶纤维素、蔗糖、D-甘露醇、海藻糖、糊精、普鲁兰多糖、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
崩解剂的优选实例包括乳糖、蔗糖、淀粉、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钙、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基淀粉钠、轻质无水硅酸和低取代的羟丙基纤维素。
溶剂的优选实例包括注射用水、生理盐水、林格氏溶液、醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、芝麻油、玉米油、橄榄油和棉籽油。
增溶剂的优选实例包括聚乙二醇、丙二醇、D-甘露醇、海藻糖、苯甲酸苄酯、乙醇、三氨基甲烷、胆固醇、三乙醇胺、碳酸钠、柠檬酸钠、水杨酸钠和乙酸钠等。
助悬剂的优选实例包括表面活性剂诸如硬脂基三乙醇胺、月桂基硫酸钠、月桂基氨基丙酸酯、卵磷脂、苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、单硬脂酸甘油酯等;亲水性聚合物诸如聚(乙烯醇)、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素等、聚山梨醇酯;和聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油。
等渗剂的优选实例包括氯化钠、甘油、D-甘露糖醇、D-山梨糖醇和葡萄糖。
缓冲剂的优选实例包括磷酸盐、乙酸盐、碳酸盐、柠檬酸盐等的缓冲剂。
舒缓剂的优选实例包括苯甲醇。
防腐剂的优选实例包括对氧基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯甲醇、苯乙醇、脱氢乙酸和山梨酸。
抗氧化剂的优选实例包括亚硫酸盐和抗坏血酸盐。
着色剂的优选实例包括水性食用焦油色素(例如,食用色素诸如食用色素红色2号和3号、食用色素黄色4号和5号、食用色素蓝色1号和2号以及类似食用色素)、水不溶于性色淀染料(例如,上述水性食用焦油色素的铝盐)、天然染料(例如,β-胡萝卜素、叶绿素、氧化铁红)等。
甜味剂的优选实例包括糖精钠、甘草酸二钾、阿斯巴甜和甜叶菊。
上述药物组合物的剂型的实例包括口服制剂,如片剂(包括糖衣片剂、薄膜包衣片剂、舌下片剂、口腔崩解片剂、口腔片剂)、胶囊(包括软胶囊、微胶囊)、丸剂、颗粒剂、粉末、锭剂、糖浆剂、液体、乳剂、混悬剂、气雾剂、膜剂(例如,口腔崩解膜剂、口腔粘膜粘附膜剂)等;以及胃肠外剂诸如注射剂(例如,皮下注射、静脉注射、肌内注射、腹膜内注射、滴注)、外用制剂(例如,透皮吸收型制剂、软膏、洗剂、粘附制剂)、栓剂(例如,直肠栓剂、阴道栓剂)、小丸剂、鼻用制剂、肺用制剂(吸入剂)、滴眼剂等。本发明的化合物和药剂可分别安全地口服或肠胃外施用(例如,直肠内、静脉内、动脉内、肌内、皮下、器官内、鼻内、皮内、滴注、脑内、阴道内、腹膜内、瘤内、近端肿瘤施用,以及施用于病灶)。
这些制剂可以是控释制剂(例如,缓释微胶囊),诸如速释制剂、缓释制剂等。
药物组合物可根据药物制剂领域中常用的方法产生,例如,日本药典中记载的方法等。
本发明的药物组合物中的本发明化合物的含量根据本发明化合物的剂型、剂量等而不同,其例如是约0.1重量%至100重量%。
当生产口服制剂时,为了掩味、肠溶性或可持续性的目的,必要时可应用包衣。
用于包衣的包衣基质的实例包括糖包衣基质、水溶性薄膜包衣基质、肠溶薄膜包衣基质和缓释薄膜包衣基质。
作为糖包衣基质,使用蔗糖,并且可进一步组合使用选自滑石以及沉淀碳酸钙、明胶、阿拉伯树胶、普鲁兰多糖、巴西棕榈蜡等中的一者或多者。
水溶性薄膜包衣基质的实例包括纤维素聚合物诸如羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、甲基羟乙基纤维素等;合成聚合物诸如聚乙烯基缩醛二乙基氨基乙酸酯、甲基丙烯酸氨基烷基酯共聚物E[Eudragit E(商品名)]、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮等;以及多糖诸如普鲁兰多糖等。
肠溶薄膜包衣基质的实例包括纤维素聚合物诸如邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、乙酸琥珀酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基乙基纤维素、乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素等;丙烯酸聚合物诸如甲基丙烯酸共聚物L[Eudragit L(商品名)]、甲基丙烯酸共聚物LD[Eudragit L-30D-55(商品名)]、甲基丙烯酸共聚物S[Eudragit S(商品名)]等;以及天然存在的物质如虫胶等。
缓释薄膜包衣基质的实例包括纤维素聚合物诸如乙基纤维素等;和丙烯酸聚合物诸如甲基丙烯酸氨基烷基酯共聚物RS[Eudragit RS(商品名)]、丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物悬浮液[Eudragit NE(商品名)]等。
可以适当的比例混合使用两种或更多种上述包衣基质。另外,例如在包衣时也可使用诸如氧化钛、氧化铁红等的遮光剂。
由于本发明化合物显示低毒性(例如,急性毒性、慢性毒性、遗传毒性、生殖毒性、心脏毒性、致癌性)和较少的副作用,因此它可用作哺乳动物(例如,人、牛、马、犬、猫、猴、小鼠、大鼠)中的各种疾病的预防或治疗剂或诊断剂。
此外,预期本发明化合物在中枢迁移方面是优异的。
在本发明的方法或用途中使用的受试者的实例包括哺乳动物,诸如人、牛、马、犬、猫、猴、小鼠和大鼠,优选人。在一些实施方案中,受试者是处于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的高风险或在需要全身麻醉的外科手术后患有OSA的受试者。
本发明化合物的剂量根据施用受试者、施用途径、目标疾病、症状等而变化,例如,当本发明化合物口服或肠胃外施用于成人患者时,其剂量例如是每剂量约0.01mg/kg体重至100mg/kg体重,优选每剂量0.1mg/kg体重至50mg/kg体重,更优选每剂量0.5mg/kg体重至20mg/kg体重。此量理想地以每天1份至3份施用。在一些实施方案中,本发明化合物在手术(或外科手术)之后和在施用阿片类药物作为疼痛控制剂之后施用。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的方法包括以下施用步骤:
在手术(或外科手术)之前向受试者施用有效量的麻醉剂以诱导麻醉,然后在手术(或外科手术)之后向受试者施用有效量的化合物(I)或其盐。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的方法包括以下施用步骤:
在手术(或外科手术)之前向受试者施用有效量的麻醉剂以诱导麻醉,在手术(或外科手术)之后向受试者施用有效量的化合物(I)或其盐,然后向受试者施用有效量的阿片类药物。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的方法包括以下施用步骤:
在手术(或外科手术)之前向受试者施用有效量的麻醉剂以诱导麻醉,在手术(或外科手术)之后向受试者施用有效量的化合物(I)或其盐,向受试者施用有效量的阿片类药物,然后向受试者施用有效量的化合物(I)或其盐。
本发明化合物可与其他药物(以下简称为伴随药物)组合使用。
通过将本发明化合物与伴随药物组合,可实现优异的效果,例如,
(1)与单一施用本发明化合物或伴随药物相比,可减少剂量,
(2)可根据患者的疾患(轻度病例、重度病例等)选择待与本发明化合物组合使用的药物,
(3)可通过选择具有与本发明化合物不同的作用和机制的伴随药物来设定更长的治疗期,
(4)可通过选择具有与本发明化合物不同的作用和机制的伴随药物来设计持续治疗作用,
(5)可通过组合使用本发明化合物和伴随药物来提供协同作用等。
在本说明书中,将本发明化合物与组合使用的伴随药物称为“本发明的组合剂”。
在使用本发明的组合剂时,本发明化合物和伴随药物的施用时间不受限制,并且本发明化合物或其药物组合物、或伴随药物或其药物组合物可同时施用于施用受试者,或者可在不同时间施用。伴随药物的剂量可根据临床使用的剂量来确定,并且可根据施用受试者、施用途径、疾病、组合等适当选择。
对本发明的组合剂和伴随药物的施用模式没有特别限制,并且本发明化合物和伴随药物只需在施用时组合即可。这种施用模式的实例包括以下:
(1)施用通过同时加工本发明化合物和伴随药物获得的单一制剂,(2)通过同一施用途径同时施用已经单独生产的本发明化合物和伴随药物的两种制剂,(3)以交错方式通过同一施用途径施用已经单独生产的本发明化合物和伴随药物的两种制剂,(4)通过不同的施用途径同时施用已经单独生产的本发明化合物和伴随药物的两种制剂,(5)以交错方式通过不同的施用途径施用已经单独生产的本发明化合物和伴随药物的两种制剂(例如,按照本发明化合物和伴随药物的顺序或按相反顺序施用)等。
可基于临床情况中使用的剂量适当地确定伴随药物的剂量。本发明化合物与伴随药物的混合比例可根据施用受试者、施用途径、目标疾病、症状、组合等适当地确定。
例如,本发明的组合剂中本发明化合物的含量根据制剂的形式而不同,并且通常是基于整个制剂约0.01重量%至约100重量%,优选约0.1重量%至约50重量%,进一步优选约0.5重量%至约20重量%。
本发明的组合剂中伴随药物的含量根据制剂的形式而不同,并且通常是基于整个制剂约0.01重量%至约100重量%,优选约0.1重量%至约50重量%,进一步优选约0.5重量%至约20重量%。
添加剂诸如载体等在本发明的组合剂中的含量根据制剂的形式而不同,并且基于制剂通常为约1重量%至约99.99重量%,优选约10重量%至约90重量%。
甚至当本发明化合物和伴随药物分别配制成制剂时,也可采用类似的含量。
伴随药物的实例包括以下药物。用于嗜睡症的治疗性药物(例如,哌醋甲酯、安非他明、匹莫林、苯乙肼、普罗替林、羟丁酸钠、莫达非尼、咖啡因)、抗肥胖症药物(安非他明、苄非他明、溴隐亭、安非他酮、二乙胺苯丙酮、艾塞那肽、芬氟拉明、碘塞罗宁、利拉鲁肽、马吲哚、甲基苯丙胺、奥曲肽、奥曲肽、奥利司他、苯甲曲秦、苯甲曲秦、苯甲吗啉、芬特明、Qnexa(注册商标)、苯丙醇胺、普兰林肽、环己丙甲胺、重组瘦素、西布曲明、托吡酯、齐美力定、唑尼沙胺、氯卡色林、二甲双胍)、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂(例如,多奈哌齐、卡巴拉汀、加兰他敏、扎那哌齐、艾地苯醌、他克林)、抗痴呆剂(例如,美金刚)、β淀粉样蛋白产生、分泌、累积、聚集和/或沉积的抑制剂、β分泌酶抑制剂(例如,6-(4-联苯基)甲氧基-2-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基]四氢化萘、6-(4-联苯基)甲氧基-2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)甲基四氢化萘、6-(4-联苯基)甲氧基-2-(N,N-二丙基氨基)甲基四氢化萘、2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)甲基-6-(4'-甲氧基联苯-4-基)甲氧基四氢化萘、6-(4-联苯基)甲氧基-2-[2-(N,N-二乙基氨基)乙基]四氢化萘、2-[2-(N,N-二甲氨基)乙基]-6-(4'-甲基联苯-4-基)甲氧基四氢化萘、2-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基]-6-(4'-甲氧基联苯-4-基)甲氧基四氢化萘、6-(2',4'-二甲氧基联苯-4-基)甲氧基-2-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基]四氢化萘、6-[4-(1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)苯基]甲氧基-2-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基]四氢化萘、6-(3',4'-二甲氧基联苯-4-基)甲氧基-2-[2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基]四氢化萘、它们的光学活性形式、它们的盐以及它们的水合物、OM99-2(WO01/00663))、γ分泌酶抑制剂、β淀粉样蛋白聚集抑制剂(例如,PTI-00703、ALZHEMED(NC-531)、PPI-368(国际专利申请号11-514333的国家公布)、PPI-558(国际专利申请号2001-500852的国家公布)、SKF-74652(Biochem.J.(1999),340(1),283-289))、β淀粉样蛋白疫苗、β淀粉样蛋白降解酶等、脑功能增强剂(例如,茴拉西坦、尼麦角林)、用于帕金森病(Parkinson's disease)的治疗药物[(例如,多巴胺受体激动剂(例如,L-DOPA、溴麦角环肽、培高利特、他利克索、普拉克索、卡麦角林、金刚烷胺)、单胺氧化酶(MAO)抑制剂(例如,丙炔苯丙胺、司来吉兰、瑞马酰胺、利鲁唑)、抗胆碱能剂(例如,苯海索、比哌立登)、COMT抑制剂(例如,恩他卡朋)]、用于肌萎缩性侧索硬化的治疗药物(例如,利鲁唑等、神经营养因子)、用于伴随痴呆、游走等的进展的异常行为的治疗药物(例如,镇静剂、抗焦虑药物)、细胞凋亡抑制剂(例如,CPI-1189、IDN-6556、CEP-1347)、神经元分化-再生启动子(例如,来普利宁(leteprinim)、扎利罗登;SR-57746-A)、SB-216763、Y-128、VX-853、神经营养肽、5,6-二甲氧基-2-[2,2,4,6,7-五甲基-3-(4-甲基苯基)-2,3-二氢-1-苯并呋喃-5-基]异吲哚啉、5,6-二甲氧基-2-[3-(4-异丙基苯基)-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基-2,3-二氢-1-苯并呋喃-5-基]异吲哚啉、6-[3-(4-异丙基苯基)-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基-2,3-二氢-1-苯并呋喃-5-基]-6,7-二氢-5H-[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-f]异吲哚及其光学活性形式、盐或水合物)、非甾体抗炎剂(美洛昔康、替诺昔康、吲哚美辛、布洛芬、塞来昔布、罗非昔布、阿司匹林、吲哚美辛等)、甾体药物(地塞米松、己烷雌酚、醋酸可的松)、改善疾病的抗风湿药物(DMARD)、抗细胞因子药物(例如,TNF抑制剂、MAP激酶抑制剂)、用于尿失禁、尿频的治疗剂(例如,盐酸黄酮哌酯、盐酸奥昔布宁、盐酸丙哌维林)、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(例如,西地那非(柠檬酸盐))、多巴胺激动剂(例如,阿扑吗啡)、抗心律失常药物(例如,美西律)、性激素或其衍生物(例如,黄体酮、雌二醇、苯甲酸雌二醇)、用于骨质疏松症的治疗剂(例如,阿法骨化醇、骨化三醇、依降钙素、鲑鱼降钙素、雌三醇、依普黄酮、帕米膦酸二钠、阿仑膦酸钠水合物,因卡膦酸二钠)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、钙受体拮抗剂、用于失眠的治疗药物(例如,苯并二氮卓类药物、非苯并二氮卓类药物、褪黑激素激动剂、食欲素受体拮抗剂)、用于精神分裂症的治疗药物(例如,典型的抗精神病药物诸如氟哌啶醇等;非典型的抗精神病药物诸如氯氮平、奥氮平、利培酮、阿立哌唑等;作用于代谢型谷氨酸受体或离子通道共轭型谷氨酸受体的药剂;磷酸二酯酶抑制剂),苯并二氮卓类药剂(利眠宁、地西泮、氯氮卓钾(potassiumclorazepate)、劳拉西泮、氯硝西泮、阿普唑仑等)、L-型钙通道抑制剂(普瑞巴林等)、三环类或四环类抗抑制剂(盐酸丙咪嗪、盐酸阿米替林、盐酸地昔帕明、盐酸氯米帕明等)、选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂(马来酸氟伏沙明、盐酸氟西汀、氢溴酸西酞普兰、盐酸舍曲林、盐酸帕罗西汀、草酸艾司西酞普兰等)、血清素-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(盐酸文拉法辛、盐酸度洛西汀、盐酸去甲文拉法辛等)、去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(甲磺酸瑞波西汀等)、米氮平、盐酸曲唑酮、盐酸奈法唑酮、盐酸安非他酮、马来酸司普替林、5-HT1A激动剂、(盐酸丁螺环酮、枸橼酸坦度螺酮、盐酸奥美沙坦等)、5-HT2A拮抗剂、5-HT2A反向激动剂、5-HT3拮抗剂(氰美马嗪等)、心脏非选择性β抑制剂(盐酸普萘洛尔、盐酸氧烯洛尔等)、组胺H1拮抗剂(盐酸羟嗪等)、CRF拮抗剂、其他抗焦虑药物(甲丙氨酯等)、速激肽拮抗剂(MK-869、沙瑞度坦等)、作用于代谢型谷氨酸受体的药剂、CCK拮抗剂、β3肾上腺素拮抗剂(盐酸阿米拜龙(amibegron)等)、GAT-1抑制剂(盐酸噻加宾等)、N-型钙通道抑制剂、碳酸酐酶II抑制剂、NMDA甘氨酸部分激动剂、NMDA拮抗剂(美金刚等)、外周苯并二氮卓受体激动剂、加压素拮抗剂、加压素V1b拮抗剂、加压素V1a拮抗剂、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、阿片类药物拮抗剂、阿片类药物激动剂、尿苷、烟酸受体激动剂、甲状腺激素(T3、T4)、TSH、TRH、MAO抑制剂(硫酸苯乙肼、硫酸反苯环丙胺、吗氯贝胺等)、用于双相障碍的治疗药物(碳酸锂、丙戊酸钠、拉莫三嗪、利鲁唑、非尔氨酯等)、大麻素CB1拮抗剂(利莫那班等)、FAAH抑制剂、钠通道抑制剂、抗ADHD药物(盐酸哌甲酯、盐酸甲基苯丙胺等)、用于酒精中毒的治疗药物、用于自闭症的治疗药物、用于慢性疲劳综合征的治疗药物、用于痉挛的治疗药物、用于纤维肌痛综合征的治疗药物、用于头痛的治疗药物、用于戒烟的治疗药物、用于重症肌无力的治疗药物、用于脑梗塞的治疗药物、用于躁狂症的治疗药物、用于嗜睡症的治疗药物、用于疼痛的治疗药物、用于精神抑郁症的治疗药物、用于自主神经性共济失调的治疗药物、用于男性和女性性功能障碍的治疗药物、用于偏头痛的治疗药物、用于赌博成瘾的治疗药物、用于不宁腿综合征的治疗药物、用于物质成瘾的治疗药物、用于酒精相关综合征的治疗药物、用于肠易激综合征的治疗药物、用于脂质异常的治疗药物诸如降胆固醇药物(他汀系列(普伐他汀钠、阿托伐他汀、辛伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀等)、贝特类(氯贝丁酯等)、角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂)、用于由痴呆引起的行为异常或漫游症的抑制的治疗药物(镇静剂、抗焦虑药物等),用于糖尿病的治疗药物、用于糖尿病并发症的治疗药物、用于高血压的治疗药物、用于低血压的治疗药物、利尿剂、化疗剂、免疫治疗剂、抗血栓形成剂、抗癌剂等。
可以适当的比例混合使用两种或更多种上述伴随药物。
本发明化合物还可与生物制剂(例如,抗体药物、核酸或核酸衍生物、适体药物、疫苗制剂)组合使用,或可与基因治疗方法等组合使用,或还可与精神领域中的治疗组合使用而不使用药物。
在不使用药物的情况下精神病学领域的治疗方法的实例包括改良电痉挛疗法、深部脑刺激疗法、重复经颅磁刺激疗法、包括认知行为疗法的心理疗法等。
化合物(I)的效果(例如“术后恢复”、“促进从麻醉中恢复”、“减少从麻醉中恢复的时间”、“预防或治疗术后的呼吸障碍/抑制”、“预防或治疗阿片类药物诱导的呼吸障碍/抑制”、“减少阿片类药物的副作用”、“预防或治疗术后的镇静”和“预防或治疗阿片类药物诱导的镇静”)通过下文实验实施例中所示的方法来评估或评价。
在一些实施方案中,通过全身体积描记法(WBP)来评估呼吸障碍/抑制。对于WBP,评估呼吸参数诸如呼吸率(RR)、潮气量(TV)和分钟通气量(MV)。在一些实施方案中,呼吸障碍/抑制通过动脉氧饱和度(SaO2)、外周(或经皮)氧饱和度(SpO2)、潮气末二氧化碳张力(PETCO2)或其任何任选的组合来评估。
在一些实施方案中,通过Richmond躁动-镇静评分(RASS)、Ramsay镇静评分(RSS)、改良警觉/镇静观察评分(MOAAS)或它们的任何任选的组合来评估镇静。
如下文实验实施例中所示,化合物(I)不影响或抵消阿片类药物的镇痛作用。因此,化合物(I)在“预防或治疗由阿片类药物诱导的呼吸障碍/抑制”、“减少阿片类药物的副作用”和/或“预防或治疗由阿片类药物诱导的镇静”的方法中非常有用。
与化合物(I)类似,其他食欲素受体激动剂可用于在受试者中的术后恢复的方法。作为食欲素受体激动剂,可使用以下文献中公开的化合物(WO2017/135306、WO2018/164191、WO2018/164192、WO2019/027003、WO2019/027058、WO2020/004536、WO2020/004537、WO2020/122092、WO2020/122093、WO2020/158958、WO2020/167701、WO2020/167706、WO2021/026047)。
在食欲素受体激动剂中,食欲素2受体选择性激动剂是优选的。食欲素2受体选择性激动剂是与食欲素1受体激动活性相比具有超过200倍食欲素2受体激动活性的化合物。更优选地,食欲素2受体选择性激动剂是与食欲素1受体激动活性相比具有超过500倍食欲素2受体激动活性的化合物。更进一步优选地,食欲素2受体选择性激动剂是与食欲素1受体激动活性相比具有超过1,000倍食欲素2受体激动活性的化合物。
在一些实施方案中,化合物(I)或其盐可用于在处于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的高风险或在需要全身麻醉(吸入或IV)的外科手术后患有OSA的成人中实现呼吸控制和预防低氧血症。
在一些实施方案中,与安慰剂相比,化合物(I)或其盐在化合物(I)或其盐引发后90分钟内将经历低氧血症(定义为SpO2≤90%)的术后的患者的比例降低20%(具有>70%的概率)。在此,化合物(I)的剂量在一些实施方案中为5.6mg至22.4mg。在一些实施方案中,该剂量用于IV输注。
实施例
给出以下实施例以向本领域普通技术人员提供如何制备和使用本发明的组合物和治疗方法的完整公开内容和描述,并且以下实施例不旨在限制本发明人认为是其发明的范围。
根据WO 2017/135306A1中所述的方法制备化合物(I)(3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯)并进行以下实验实施例。
从麻醉中恢复的时间(异氟烷和丙泊酚)
实验实施例1:在大鼠中通过翻正反射来评估化合物(I)对从异氟烷诱导的麻醉中恢复的时间的影响。
雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠,8周龄,购自Charles river Japan。为了诱导和维持异氟烷麻醉,将大鼠置于预填充的麻醉诱导室(异氟烷4%)中。麻醉的诱导被定义为大鼠在其以仰卧位被置于笼中后不能将其自身矫正到俯卧位(翻正反射丧失:LORR)。确认LORR后,使用面罩将大鼠暴露于3%异氟烷并保持30分钟。LORR后15分钟,将化合物(I)以5mL/kg体重(BW)的体积皮下(SC)施用于大鼠。作为媒介物处理的对照,将10.5%(w/v)(CyDex Pharmaceuticals,KS,USA)/1.5mM Na2HPO4的蒸馏水溶液施用于大鼠。确认LORR后30分钟,终止异氟烷吸入,并将从LORR恢复的时间记录为麻醉的持续时间。麻醉期间和麻醉后使用加热垫将体温维持在37.0℃-37.5℃。结果示于表1中。
表1
实验实施例2:在大鼠中通过翻正反射来评估化合物(I)对从丙泊酚诱导的麻醉中恢复的时间的影响。
雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠,8周龄,购自Charles river Japan。为了诱导和维持丙泊酚麻醉,将推注剂量的丙泊酚(10mg/kg)静脉内施用于大鼠。确认LORR后,将大鼠以仰卧位轻轻置于加热垫上以保持体温在37.0℃-37.5℃。随后,以60mg/kg/hr连续施用丙泊酚30分钟。LORR后15分钟,将化合物(I)以5mL/kg BW的体积SC施用于大鼠。作为媒介物处理的对照,将10.5%(w/v)/1.5mM Na2HPO4的蒸馏水溶液施用于大鼠。确认LORR后30分钟,终止丙泊酚输注,并将从LORR恢复的时间记录为麻醉的持续时间。结果示于表2中。
表2
从表1和表2可以清楚地看出,化合物(I)减少了从异氟烷和丙泊酚诱导的麻醉中恢复的时间,如在大鼠中通过翻正反射所评估。
抑制阿片类药物(芬太尼)诱导的副作用而不影响疼痛
实验实施例3:在大鼠中通过翻正反射来评估化合物(I)对芬太尼(0.1mg/kg)诱导的镇静的影响。
雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠,8周龄,购自Charles river Japan。在本研究中,LORR被用作镇静的指标。为了诱导镇静,将0.1mg/kg芬太尼以2mL/kg BW的体积SC施用于大鼠。芬太尼施用后10分钟,在所有大鼠中观察到LORR,然后以5mL/kg BW的体积SC施用化合物(I)。作为媒介物处理的对照,施用10.5%(w/v)/1.5mMNa2HPO4的蒸馏水溶液。将从LORR恢复的时间记录为镇静的持续时间。
结果示于表3中。化合物(I)减少了芬太尼诱导的镇静的持续时间,如在大鼠中通过翻正反射所评估。
表3
实验实施例4:在大鼠中通过全身体积描记法(WBP)来评估化合物(I)对芬太尼(0.1mg/kg)诱导的呼吸抑制的影响。
雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠,8周龄,购自Charles river Japan。通过具有用于连续输送新鲜室内空气和除去呼出的二氧化碳的流入和流出端口的WBP来评估呼吸功能。在这些实验条件下,在施用芬太尼(0.1mg/kg,SC)后立即将大鼠置于WBP室中。从压力传感器检测呼吸参数诸如呼吸率(RR)、潮气量(TV)和分钟通气量(MV),并用数据采集软件(FinePoint software,Data Sciences International,Inc.)记录。所有呼吸参数通过施用芬太尼后0分钟至30分钟的1分钟测量值的单个积分值作为30分钟积分值来分析。在芬太尼施用前15分钟将化合物(I)SC施用于大鼠。
结果示于表4中。结果,与基础组相比,芬太尼(0.1m/kg作为媒介物组)降低了RR和MV。在这些实验条件下,与媒介物组相比,化合物(I)增加了RR、TV和MV,表明化合物(I)抑制了大鼠中芬太尼诱导的呼吸抑制。
表4
实验实施例5:在大鼠中通过使用福尔马林测试来评估化合物(I)对芬太尼诱导的镇痛作用的影响。
雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠,8周龄,购自Charles river Japan。施用化合物(I)后30分钟,将2.5体积%的福尔马林溶液SC注射到左后爪中,施用化合物(I)后15分钟,施用芬太尼(0.045mg/kg)。在疼痛阈值的测量中,在福尔马林注射后1分钟、6分钟、11分钟、16分钟、21分钟、26分钟、31分钟、36分钟、41分钟、46分钟、51分钟、56分钟和61分钟的13个点处计数1分钟内的疼痛行为(退缩)的次数。第I阶段(由福尔马林对周围神经系统的直接刺激引起的疼痛)为福尔马林注射后1分钟至11分钟,第II阶段(与由第I阶段刺激引起的脊柱后角神经元的敏感性增加有关的疼痛)为福尔马林注射后16分钟至61分钟,在将每个阶段中的退缩的次数相加。
结果示于表5中。芬太尼(0.045mg/kg)在福尔马林疼痛模型中显示镇痛作用,如在大鼠中通过退缩总次数的减少所评估。在这些实验条件下,化合物(I)不抵消芬太尼在大鼠中的镇痛作用。
表5
实验实施例6:在大鼠中通过使用术后的皮肤切口的疼痛模型来评估化合物(I)对芬太尼诱导的镇痛作用的影响。
雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠,8周龄,购自Charles river Japan。在异氟烷麻醉下,从距脚后跟边缘0.5cm处开始,向脚趾方向延伸,穿过右脚足底的皮肤做一个1cm的纵向切口。用镊子提起暴露的跖肌并做纵向切口。将跖肌恢复到其原始位置后,用灭菌的针线(尼龙,5-0)在两点处床垫式缝合皮肤的切口。缝合后,将含有抗生素的软膏施涂于手术部位。手术脚用碘酒消毒,使用无菌手套和无菌手术器械。使用动态足底触觉仪装置测量右后爪的爪垫的疼痛阈值(g),使得压力在10秒内达到0g至50g。疼痛阈值是3次测量的平均值。在皮肤切开后立即SC施用芬太尼,并在皮肤切开前15分钟SC施用化合物(I)。
结果示于表6中。芬太尼(0.03mg/kg)在术后的皮肤切口模型中显示出镇痛作用,如在大鼠中通过疼痛阈值(g)所测量的。在这些实验条件下,化合物(I)不抵消芬太尼在大鼠中的镇痛作用。
表6
结果提示化合物(I)(OX2R选择性激动剂)具有缩短从麻醉恢复的时间和抑制阿片类药物诱导的副作用而不影响疼痛的潜力。
制剂实施例1(胶囊的生产)
将1)、2)、3)和4)混合并填充在明胶胶囊中。
制剂实施例2(片剂的生产)
将1)、2)、3)和30g的4)的总量用水捏合,真空干燥并过筛。将过筛后的粉末与14g的4)和1g的5)混合,并通过压片机对混合物进行冲压。这样,得到每片含30mg化合物(I)的1000片片剂。
制剂实施例3(注射用冻干制剂的生产)
将化合物(I)(50mg)溶解在日本药典(Japanese Pharmacopoeia)注射用蒸馏水(50ml)中,添加日本药典注射用蒸馏水至100ml。将溶液在无菌条件下过滤,并将1ml溶液在无菌条件下装入注射小瓶中,并冷冻干燥和密封。
工业适用性
本发明化合物(I)具有食欲素2型激动剂活性,并且可用于术后恢复(麻醉维持后意识延迟的改善以及由阿片类药物引起的镇静和呼吸抑制的改善)。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于在有需要的受试者中的术后恢复的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯或其盐。
2.一种用于在有需要的受试者中促进从麻醉中恢复或减少从麻醉中恢复的时间的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯或其盐。
3.一种用于在有需要的受试者中预防或治疗术后的呼吸障碍/抑制或由阿片类药物诱导的呼吸障碍/抑制的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯或其盐。
4.一种用于在有需要的受试者中减少阿片类药物的副作用的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯或其盐。
5.一种用于在有需要的受试者中预防或治疗术后的镇静或由阿片类药物诱导的镇静的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的3-((甲基磺酰基)氨基)-2-(((4-苯基环己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸甲酯或其盐。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中所述施用是非口服施用。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述非口服施用是静脉内施用、皮下施用、透皮施用或透粘膜施用。
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CA3215906A1 (en) | 2022-10-06 |
WO2022208478A1 (en) | 2022-10-06 |
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