CN117355578A - 涂料组合物和层积体 - Google Patents
涂料组合物和层积体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117355578A CN117355578A CN202280037326.4A CN202280037326A CN117355578A CN 117355578 A CN117355578 A CN 117355578A CN 202280037326 A CN202280037326 A CN 202280037326A CN 117355578 A CN117355578 A CN 117355578A
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- fluororesin
- coating composition
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- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- ONJQDTZCDSESIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N polidocanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO ONJQDTZCDSESIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种水性涂料组合物,其能够形成电物性和表面物性优异且具有良好的粘接性的氟树脂涂膜层。一种涂料组合物,其为含有两种以上的氟树脂的涂料组合物,其特征在于,至少一种氟树脂是官能团数相对于每106个主链碳原子数为30个~1000个的氟树脂(I),该涂料组合物还含有无机填料、表面活性剂和液态介质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及涂料组合物和层积体。
背景技术
作为含有氟树脂的涂料组合物的用途之一,已知电子材料领域。特别是也研究了与高频带的频率对应的印刷基板材料(专利文献1~3)。
专利文献4为了改善密合性、线膨胀系数,公开了以特定的比例具有含羰基的官能团且具有二氧化硅的氟树脂组合物作为氟树脂。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2019-183005号公报
专利文献2:国际公开2018/016644
专利文献3:国际公开2019/031071
专利文献4:国际公开2020/145133
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明的目的在于提供一种特别能够适合用于电子材料领域的涂料组合物和层积体。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明涉及一种涂料组合物,其为含有两种以上的氟树脂的涂料组合物,其特征在于,
至少一种氟树脂是官能团数相对于每106个主链碳原子数为30个~1000个的氟树脂(I),
该涂料组合物还含有无机填料、表面活性剂和液态介质。
上述氟树脂(I)中包含的官能团优选为含羰基的基团。
上述含羰基的基团优选为选自由羰基酰胺基、羧基、酰基氟基和甲氧基羰基组成的组中的至少一种基团。
上述氟树脂(I)优选为四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(FEP)或四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物(PFA)。
上述氟树脂(I)中包含的官能团优选位于聚合物主链的末端。
作为其他氟树脂,优选还包含官能团数相对于每106个主链碳原子数小于30个的氟树脂(II)。
上述氟树脂的平均粒径优选小于0.3μm。
上述氟树脂的至少一种优选为PTFE。
上述无机填料优选为二氧化硅颗粒。
上述二氧化硅颗粒的比表面积优选小于6.5m2/g。
上述表面活性剂优选为非氟系表面活性剂。
上述液态介质优选包含水。
本发明还涉及一种层积体,其特征在于,具有通过在基材上涂装上述涂料组合物而形成的涂膜层。
上述基材优选为金属原材料。
上述层积体优选为印刷基板、基板用介电材料或层积电路基板。
发明的效果
根据本发明,能够得到一种涂料组合物,其能够形成电物性和表面物性优异且具有良好的粘接性的氟树脂涂膜层。
具体实施方式
氟树脂利用其优异的耐热性、耐候性、耐油性、耐溶剂性、耐化学药品性和非粘合性,已知有各种用途和粉末、膜等各种使用形态。
另外,从介电特性、吸湿性的方面出发,在数十千兆赫水平的高频区域的用途中使用的印刷电路基板也主要使用了形成有氟树脂的绝缘层的层积体。
但是,由于氟树脂显示出高的非粘合性,因此有时基于氟树脂的涂膜层与基材的粘接性不充分。特别是,为了能够与铜箔等金属基材充分粘接,要求开发出提高了粘接性的氟树脂涂料组合物。近年来,为了提高性能,正在研究使用表面粗糙度小的平滑的铜箔,因此要求进一步改善粘接性。
另外,印刷电路基板在加工的过程中为了焊接加工而需要进行高温加热。因此,需要树脂的耐热性优异。因此,需要具有耐热性、成膜性、粘接性这样的全部性能。
鉴于上述情况,本发明发现通过在涂料组合物中混配两种以上的氟树脂,并且使至少一种氟树脂的官能团数相对于每106个主链碳原子数为30个~1000个,能够赋予良好的粘接性,并且在耐热性方面也得到良好的性能。
以下对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明的涂料组合物包含两种以上的氟树脂,至少一种氟树脂具有官能团。进而,在具有上述官能团的氟树脂中,每106个主链碳原子数的官能团数必须为30个~1000个(以下,称为氟树脂(I))。需要说明的是,此处的官能团是指在与被粘接物表面之间产生相互作用、有助于粘接性提高的官能团。具体而言,优选为下述表1所示的官能团。
本发明的涂料组合物并用含有上述氟树脂(I)和其他氟树脂(以下,将其记为氟树脂(II))。
作为上述氟树脂(II)没有特别限定,官能团数相对于每106个主链碳原子数优选小于30个。即,在官能团数这一点上优选与上述氟树脂(I)不同。
上述官能团数的下限更优选为50个、进一步优选为100个。另外,上述官能团数的上限更优选为700个、进一步优选为500个。
上述官能团的种类的鉴定和官能团数的测定可以使用红外光谱分析法。
上述官能团数可以由氟树脂单独的水性分散液实施分析,也可以将目标氟树脂从涂料中分离而实施分析。
关于官能团数,具体而言,利用下述方法进行测定。首先,使用上述氟树脂粉末和KBr制作片剂。通过傅利叶变换红外光谱分析对该片剂进行分析,得到上述氟树脂的红外吸收光谱,并得到与完全氟化的不存在官能团的本底光谱的差示光谱。根据下述式(A)从该差示光谱所显现的特定的官能团的吸收峰计算出上述氟树脂中的相对于每1×106个主链碳原子的官能团数N。
N=I×K/t(A)
I:吸光度
K:校正系数
t:膜的厚度(mm)
作为参考,关于本发明中的官能团,将吸收频率、摩尔吸光系数和校正系数示于表1。另外,摩尔吸光系数是由低分子模型化合物的FT-IR测定数据决定的。
[表1]
需要说明的是,-CH2CF2H、-CH2COF、-CH2COOH、-CH2COOCH3、-CH2CONH2的吸收频率比分别示于表中的-CF2H、-COF、游离-COOH和键合-COOH、-COOCH3、-CONH2的吸收频率低数十凯塞(cm-1)。
因此,例如,-COF的官能团数是指从起因于-CF2COF的吸收频率1883cm-1处的吸收峰求出的官能团数和从起因于-CH2COF的吸收频率1840cm-1处的吸收峰求出的官能团数的总数。
上述官能团为存在于氟树脂(I)的主链末端或侧链末端的官能团和存在于主链中或侧链中的官能团。本发明中,上述官能团优选位于聚合物主链的末端。通过在聚合物末端具有官能团,能够高效地提高粘接性。
上述官能团数可以为-CF=CF2、-CF2H、-COF、-COOH、-COOCH3、-CONH2和-CH2OH的总数。
本发明中,上述官能团优选为含羰基的基团,其中,更优选为选自由羰基酰胺基、羧基、酰基氟基和甲氧基羰基组成的组中的至少一种基团。从赋予粘接性的方面出发,特别优选羧基、羰基酰胺基。
上述官能团例如通过制造氟树脂时使用的链转移剂、聚合引发剂而被导入氟树脂。例如,在使用醇作为链转移剂、或者使用具有-CH2OH的结构的过氧化物作为聚合引发剂的情况下,向氟树脂的主链末端导入-CH2OH。另外,也可以通过将具有官能团的单体(例如,衣康酸酐、柠康酸酐、纳迪克酸酐、马来酸酐等不饱和二羧酸的酸酐)聚合而将上述官能团导入氟树脂中。
上述官能团优选通过制造氟树脂时使用的链转移剂、聚合引发剂而被导入氟树脂末端。从粘接性变得更良好的方面出发,优选采用这样的结构。
上述官能团也可以通过利用制造氟树脂时使用的链转移剂、聚合引发剂对导入氟树脂末端的官能团进一步进行反应而转换为其他结构。另外,具有对氟树脂的粉末实施电晕处理,在主链末端生成官能团的方法。
上述氟树脂(I)的熔点优选为190℃~350℃。作为上述熔点,更优选为200℃以上、进一步优选为220℃以上、特别优选为280℃以上,更优选为330℃以下。上述熔点是与使用差示扫描量热计[DSC]以10℃/分钟的速度升温时的熔解热曲线中的极大值对应的温度。
作为上述氟树脂(I),优选熔融时具有流动性、能够熔融加工的氟树脂。另外,由于得到优异的电特性,更优选选自由含有四氟乙烯单元(TFE单元)和氟代烷基烯丙基醚或(全)氟(烷基乙烯基醚)单元(PAVE单元)的共聚物(以下,称为TFE/氟代烷基烯丙基醚或PAVE共聚物(或PFA))、以及含有TFE单元和六氟丙烯单元(HFP单元)的共聚物(以下,称为TFE/HFP共聚物(或FEP))组成的组中的至少一种共聚物。其中,由于能够赋予更优异的粘接性,特别优选包含TFE/HFP共聚物(FEP)。
作为上述氟树脂(I),也可以并用两种以上的氟树脂。
(全)氟(烷基乙烯基醚)(PAVE)可以为氟代烷基乙烯基醚,也可以为全氟(烷基乙烯基醚)。本发明中,“全氟(烷基乙烯基醚)”是指不包含C-H键的烷基乙烯基醚。
作为构成上述PAVE单元的PAVE,可以举出选自由通式(1):
CF2=CFO(CF2CFY1O)p-(CF2CF2CF2O)q-Rf (1)
(式中,Y1表示F或CF3,Rf表示碳原子数1~5的全氟烷基。p表示0~5的整数,q表示0~5的整数)所示的单体和通式(2):
CFX=CXOCF2OR1 (2)
(式中,X相同或不同,表示H、F或CF3,R1表示直链或带支链的可以包含1~2个选自由H、Cl、Br和I组成的组中的至少一种原子的碳原子数为1~6的氟代烷基、或者可以包含1~2个选自由H、Cl、Br和I组成的组中的至少一种原子的碳原子数为5或6的环状氟代烷基)所示的单体组成的组中的至少一种。
其中,作为上述PAVE,优选通式(1)所示的单体,更优选选自由全氟(甲基乙烯基醚)、全氟(乙基乙烯基醚)和全氟(丙基乙烯基醚)(PPVE)组成的组中的至少一种,进一步优选PPVE。
上述TFE/PAVE共聚物中的PAVE单元的含量相对于全部单体单元优选为1.0质量%~10质量%、更优选为2.0质量%以上、进一步优选为3.5质量%以上、特别优选为4.0质量%以上、最优选为5.0质量%以上,更优选为8.0质量%以下、进一步优选为7.0质量%以下、特别优选为6.5质量%以下、最优选为6.0质量%以下。需要说明的是,上述PAVE单元的量通过19F-NMR法进行测定。上述TFE/PAVE共聚物可以为仅由TFE单元和PAVE单元构成的共聚物。
上述含氟聚合物(I)为TFE/PAVE共聚物的情况下,熔点优选为280℃~322℃、更优选为290℃以上、更优选为315℃以下。
上述含氟聚合物(I)为TFE/PAVE共聚物的情况下,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)优选为70℃~110℃、更优选为80℃以上、更优选为100℃以下。上述玻璃化转变温度为通过动态粘弹性测定而测定得到的值。
上述TFE/HFP共聚物含有TFE单元和HFP单元。上述TFE/HFP共聚物中的TFE单元的含量相对于全部单体单元优选为70质量%以上、更优选为85质量%以上,优选为99.8质量%以下、更优选为99质量%以下、进一步优选为98质量%以下。
上述TFE/HFP共聚物优选TFE单元与HFP单元的质量比(TFE/HFP)为70~99/1~30(质量%)。上述质量比(TFE/HFP)更优选85~95/5~15(质量%)。
上述TFE/HFP共聚物可以进一步含有(全)氟(烷基乙烯基醚)(PAVE)单元。作为上述TFE/HFP共聚物中包含的PAVE单元,可以举出与上述PAVE单元同样的单元。上述TFE/PAVE共聚物不包含HFP单元,因此在这一点上与TFE/HFP/PAVE共聚物不同。
上述TFE/HFP共聚物为包含TFE单元、HFP单元和PAVE单元的共聚物的情况下(以下,也称为“TFE/HFP/PAVE共聚物”),质量比(TFE/HFP/PAVE)优选为70~99.8/0.1~25/0.1~25(质量%)。上述质量比(TFE/HFP/PAVE)更优选为75~98/1.0~15/1.0~10(质量%)。上述TFE/HFP/PAVE共聚物相对于全部单体单元优选包含合计为1质量%以上的HFP单元和PAVE单元。
上述TFE/HFP/PAVE共聚物优选HFP单元为全部单体单元的25质量%以下。HFP单元的含量更优选为20质量%以下、进一步优选为18质量%以下、特别优选为15质量%以下。另外,HFP单元的含量优选为0.1质量%以上、更优选为1质量%以上、特别优选为2质量%以上。需要说明的是,HFP单元的含量可以通过19F-NMR法进行测定。
PAVE单元的含量更优选为20质量%以下、进一步优选为10质量%以下。特别优选为3质量%以下。另外,PAVE单元的含量优选为0.1质量%以上、更优选为1质量%以上。需要说明的是,PAVE单元的含量可以通过19F-NMR法进行测定。
上述TFE/PAVE共聚物和上述TFE/HFP共聚物还可以包含其他烯键式单体(α)单元。作为其他烯键式单体(α)单元,只要是能够与TFE、HFP和PAVE共聚的单体单元就没有特别限定,可以举出例如氟乙烯(VF)、偏二氟乙烯(VdF)、三氟乙烯(TrFE)、三氟氯乙烯(CTFE)等含氟烯键式单体、或乙烯、丙烯、烷基乙烯基醚等非氟化烯键式单体等。其他烯键式单体(α)单元的含量优选为0~25质量%、更优选为0.1质量%~25质量%。
上述共聚物为TFE/HFP/PAVE/其他烯键式单体(α)共聚物的情况下,质量比(TFE/HFP/PAVE/其他烯键式单体(α))优选为70~98/0.1~25/0.1~25/0.1~25(质量%)。上述TFE/HFP/PAVE/其他烯键式单体(α)共聚物优选包含合计为1质量%以上的TFE单元以外的单体单元。
上述TFE/HFP共聚物的熔点优选为200℃~322℃、更优选超过200℃、进一步优选为220℃以上,更优选为300℃以下、进一步优选为280℃以下。
上述TFE/HFP共聚物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)优选为60℃~110℃、更优选为65℃以上,更优选为100℃以下。上述玻璃化转变温度为通过动态粘弹性测定而测定得到的值。
上述氟树脂(I)例如可以通过将成为其结构单元的单体、聚合引发剂等添加剂适当混合并进行乳液聚合、悬浮聚合等现有公知的方法来制造。其中,更优选通过乳液聚合得到。
上述氟树脂(I)优选在372℃、5kg载荷下测定的MFR的值为0.5~100的范围内。通过为这样的范围,从容易通过末端官能团得到上述官能团量的方面出发是优选的。
本发明的涂料组合物并用含有上述氟树脂(I)和其他氟树脂(II)。
作为上述氟树脂(II)没有特别限定,官能团数优选相对于每106个主链碳原子数小于30个。即,在官能团数这一点上优选与上述氟树脂(I)不同。
官能团数多的氟树脂在密合性方面显示出优异的性能,但另一方面,电特性、耐热性容易变得不充分。因此,作为氟树脂(II),优选组合使用电特性、耐热性优异的氟树脂。由此,能够形成电特性、耐热性等涂膜物性也优异的涂膜层。
上述氟树脂(II)只要为含氟树脂就没有特别限定,可以举出聚四氟乙烯树脂(PTFE)、PFA、FEP等。其中,特别优选PTFE。进而,由于TFE的均聚物的颗粒柔软且容易粘附,因此不易产生裂纹,因此优选PTFE。柔软性的指标没有特别限定,肖氏硬度(D等级)优选为D65以下、更优选为D60以下、特别优选为D55以下。关于PFA和FEP,优选使用为与上述氟树脂(I)同样的树脂组成且官能团数与氟树脂(I)不同的树脂。
作为上述氟树脂(II)的聚合方法没有特别限制,可以举出本体聚合、悬浮聚合、溶液聚合、乳液聚合等。上述聚合中,温度、压力等各条件、聚合引发剂、其他添加剂可以根据所期望的氟树脂的组成、量而适当设定。
上述氟树脂(II)可以通过进行氟化处理而制成具有上述范围内的官能团数的上述氟树脂。
上述氟化处理可以通过使未经氟化处理的氟树脂与含氟化合物接触来进行。
作为上述含氟化合物没有特别限定,可以举出在氟化处理条件下产生氟自由基的氟自由基源。作为上述氟自由基源,可以举出F2气体、CoF3、AgF2、UF6、OF2、N2F2、CF3OF、氟化卤素(例如IF5、ClF3)等。
上述F2气体等氟自由基源可以为100%浓度,但从处理性的方面出发,优选与非活性气体混合并稀释至5质量%~50质量%而使用,更优选稀释至15质量%~30质量%而使用。作为上述非活性气体,可以举出氮气、氦气、氩气等,从经济的方面出发,优选氮气。
上述氟化处理的条件没有特别限定,可以使熔融状态的氟树脂与含氟化合物接触,通常可以在氟树脂的熔点以下进行,优选在20℃~220℃、更优选在100℃~200℃的温度下进行。上述氟化处理一般进行1小时~30小时,优选进行5小时~25小时。上述氟化处理优选为使未经氟化处理的氟树脂与氟气(F2气体)接触的处理。
上述氟树脂(I)与上述氟树脂(II)的混合比(质量比)优选为氟树脂(I):氟树脂(II)=90:10~10:90。更优选为80:20~20:80、进一步优选为70:30~30:70。若上述氟树脂(I)的混配量少,则粘接性有可能变得不充分。另外,若上述氟树脂(II)的混配量少,则电特性和耐热性有可能降低,故不优选。
本发明的涂料组合物中的氟树脂优选以颗粒的状态存在于涂料组合物中。该情况下,上述氟树脂颗粒的平均粒径优选小于0.3μm。此处,上述平均粒径并不限定于氟树脂(I)或氟树脂(II),是由从涂料组合物中包含的氟树脂颗粒中随机选择的颗粒进行测量而算出的值。
具体而言,是将涂料组合物用水稀释1000倍,将稀释后的液体在铝箔上放置1滴,使其自然干燥并拍摄SEM(扫描型电子显微镜)照片,使用SEM用图像分析软件由随机选择的50个颗粒的图像数据测量粒径并计算出平均值而得的值。
上述平均粒径的下限优选为0.05μm、更优选为0.07μm、进一步优选为0.1μm。
为了提高电特性、强度、耐热性等,本发明的涂料组合物还含有无机填料。作为无机填料没有特别限定,可以举出例如二氧化硅(更具体而言,为结晶性二氧化硅、熔融二氧化硅、球状熔融二氧化硅等)、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化锌、氧化锡、氮化硅、碳化硅、氮化硼、碳酸钙、硅酸钙、钛酸钾、氮化铝、氧化铟、氧化铝、氧化锑、氧化铈、氧化镁、氧化铁、掺锡氧化铟(ITO)等无机化合物。另外,可以举出蒙脱石、滑石、云母、勃姆石、高岭土、蒙脱石、金蛭石、蛭石、绢云母等矿物。作为其他填料,可以举出炭黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑、碳纳米管等碳化合物;氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁等金属氢氧化物;玻璃珠、玻璃片、玻璃球等各种玻璃等。
作为上述无机填料,可以使用一种或两种以上的无机填料。
另外,无机填料可以直接使用粉体,也可以分散在树脂中而使用。
作为上述无机填料,优选二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化钛、氮化硼、滑石等,特别优选比重接近氟树脂的低介电常数的二氧化硅。通过含有二氧化硅,能够将涂膜的热膨胀系数抑制得较低。另外,通过该作用,能够抑制基板的翘曲,故优选。进而,还能提高涂膜层的剥离强度。
上述无机填料例如基于BET法的比表面积优选小于6.5m2/g、更优选小于6.3m2/g。另外,优选大于1m2/g。通过比表面积在上述范围内,膜中的无机填料的凝聚少,涂膜面平滑,故优选。
上述无机填料的平均粒径优选为0.1μm~20μm。若平均粒径在上述范围内,则凝聚少,能够得到良好的表面粗糙度。上述平均粒径的下限更优选为0.3μm。上述平均粒径的上限更优选为5μm、进一步优选为2μm。上述平均粒径为通过激光衍射散射法测定的值。
上述无机填料的最大粒径优选为10μm以下。若最大粒径为10μm以下,则凝聚少,分散状态良好。进而,能够减小所得到的涂膜的表面粗糙度。上述最大粒径更优选为5μm以下。拍摄SEM(扫描型电子显微镜)照片,使用SEM用图像分析软件,由随机选择的200个颗粒的图像数据求出最大粒径。
上述无机填料的形状没有特别限定,可以使用球状、柱状、锥状、截锥状、多面体状、中空状等。特别优选为球状、立方体、盆状、圆盘状、八面体状、鳞片状、棒状、板状、杆状、四角砌块状、中空状,更优选为球状、立方状、八面体状、板状、中空状。
上述无机填料优选在以无机填料70质量%和水30质量%混合的情况下能够均匀地分散。均匀分散是指即使在使分散液静置、流动消失的状态下也不发生沉淀。若分散性不充分,则涂料组合物的稳定性有可能降低。
上述无机填料可以是进行了表面处理的无机填料,例如可以是用有机硅化合物进行了表面处理的无机填料。通过用上述有机硅化合物进行表面处理,能够降低无机填料的介电常数。
作为上述有机硅化合物没有特别限定,可以使用现有公知的有机硅化合物。例如,优选包含选自由硅烷偶联剂和有机硅氮烷组成的组中的至少一种。
关于上述有机硅化合物的表面处理量,表面处理剂对二氧化硅颗粒表面的反应量优选相对于每单位表面积(nm2)为0.1个~10个、更优选为0.3个~7个。
作为上述无机填料,可以使用一种或两种以上物性不同的无机填料。
另外,无机填料可以直接使用粉体,也可以分散在树脂中而使用。
本发明的涂料组合物中,优选氟树脂的总量:无机填料=10:90~90:10(质量比)。通过以该比例混配氟树脂和无机填料,能够得到防止翘曲等效果。关于上述混配量,氟树脂的混配量的下限更优选为10、进一步优选为20。关于上述混配量,氟树脂的混配量的上限更优选为90、进一步优选为80。关于上述混配量,无机填料的混配量的上限更优选为60、进一步优选为50。
本发明的涂料组合物还含有表面活性剂。作为上述表面活性剂没有特别限定,可以使用公知的表面活性剂,优选为非氟系表面活性剂。非氟系表面活性剂在成本方面优于氟系表面活性剂。另外,若混配氟系表面活性剂,则在进行上述氟树脂的烧成时会产生氢氟酸。该氢氟酸会促进二氧化硅颗粒的劣化,因此优选不含有氟系表面活性剂。
作为上述非氟系表面活性剂,只要能够使氟树脂稳定地分散于组合物中就没有特别限定,可以使用阴离子型表面活性剂、阳离子型表面活性剂、非离子型表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂中的任一种。可以举出例如:烷基硫酸钠、烷基醚硫酸钠、烷基硫酸三乙醇胺盐、烷基醚硫酸三乙醇胺盐、烷基硫酸铵、烷基醚硫酸铵、烷基醚磷酸钠、氟代烷基羧酸钠等阴离子型表面活性剂;烷基铵盐、烷基苄基铵盐等阳离子型表面活性剂;聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯苯基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基酯、丙二醇-氧化丙烯共聚物、全氟烷基氧化乙烯加成物、2-乙基己醇氧化乙烯加成物等非离子型表面活性剂;烷基氨基乙酸甜菜碱、烷基酰胺乙酸甜菜碱、咪唑鎓甜菜碱等两性表面活性剂等。其中,优选阴离子型和非离子型表面活性剂。特别优选的表面活性剂为热分解残余量少的具有氧化乙烯链的非离子型表面活性剂。
作为上述非离子型表面活性剂的市售品,可以举出例如Genapol X080(产品名、Clariant公司制造)、以Noigen TDS-80(商品名)和Noigen TDS-100(商品名)为例的NoigenTDS系列(第一工业制药公司制造)、以Leocol TD-90(商品名)为例的Leocol TD系列(LION公司制造)、Lionol(注册商标)TD系列(LION公司制造)、以T-Det A138(商品名)为例的T-Det A系列(Harcros Chemicals公司制造)、Tergitol(注册商标)15S系列(Dow公司制造)、Dispanol TOC(商品名、日本油脂公司制造)等。
作为上述非氟系表面活性剂,还可以使用烃系表面活性剂、有机硅系表面活性剂、炔二醇等炔系表面活性剂等。另外,可以使用这些非氟系表面活性剂中的一种或将两种以上组合使用。需要说明的是,优选不使用壬基苯酚系表面活性剂。
上述非氟系表面活性剂的混配量相对于上述氟树脂的总量100质量%优选为0.01质量%~50质量%、更优选为0.1质量%~30质量%、进一步优选为0.2质量%~20质量%。若表面活性剂的添加量过少,则有时氟树脂的分散变得不均匀,一部分上浮。另一方面,若表面活性剂的添加量过多,则由烧成引起的表面活性剂的分解残渣变多而产生着色,此外涂膜的耐热性、非粘合性等降低。
也可以根据需要加入增稠剂。只要使涂料增稠、不对涂膜性状造成影响就没有特别限定,高级脂肪酸的非离子乳液与氟树脂颗粒形成三维网状结构,表观粘度提高,也防止涂膜的裂纹,因此优选。特别优选油酸乳液、辛酸乳液。
本发明的涂料组合物还含有液态介质。作为上述液态介质没有特别限定,优选包含水。
进而,本发明的涂料组合物优选与水并用而含有水溶性溶剂。上述水溶性溶剂具有润湿上述氟树脂的作用,进而高沸点的溶剂在涂装后的干燥时将树脂彼此连接,作为防止裂纹产生的干燥延迟剂发挥作用。即使是高沸点溶剂,在氟树脂的烧成温度下也会蒸发,因此不会对涂膜造成不良影响。
作为上述水溶性溶剂的具体例,作为沸点至100℃的低沸点有机溶剂,可以举出甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、丙酮、甲乙酮等;作为沸点为100℃~150℃的中沸点有机溶剂,可以举出甲基溶纤剂、乙基溶纤剂等;作为沸点为150℃以上的高沸点有机溶剂,可以举出N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、3-丁氧基-N,N-二甲基丙酰胺、3-丁氧基-N,N-二甲基丙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、二甲基卡必醇、丁基卡必醇、丁基二卡必醇、丁基溶纤剂、1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、四乙二醇、二乙二醇单甲醚等。另外,这些水溶性溶剂可以使用1种或混合使用2种以上。作为上述水溶性溶剂,优选高沸点有机溶剂,其中,从分散稳定性的方面出发,更优选二醇系溶剂。
作为上述二醇系溶剂,优选包含选自由乙二醇、二乙二醇单甲醚、甘油和丁基卡必醇组成的组中的至少一种。
上述水溶性溶剂的混配量优选为总水量的0.5质量%~50质量%、更优选为1质量%~30质量%。在低沸点有机溶剂的情况下,若混配量过少,则容易发生泡的包入等,若过多,则组合物整体成为易燃性,水性分散组合物的优点受损。在中沸点有机溶剂的情况下,若混配量过多,则有时烧成后也残留在涂膜中而造成不良影响,若过少,则在涂布后的干燥时氟树脂恢复成粉末而无法烧成。在高沸点有机溶剂的情况下,若混配量过多,则有时烧成后也残留在涂膜中而造成不良影响。上述水溶性溶剂优选通过选择容易挥发的性质的溶剂、或调整混配量等而在上述氟树脂的烧成后也不残留在涂膜中。需要说明的是,二醇系溶剂在氟树脂的烧成后没有残留可以通过削掉烧成后的涂膜,在TG/DTA测定中没有二醇系溶剂的沸点附近的重量减少来确认。
在上述涂料组合物中,可以混配氟树脂组合物中通常添加的各种添加剂,例如稳定剂、增稠剂、分解促进剂、防锈剂、防腐剂、消泡剂等。
特征在于具有通过涂装上述涂料组合物而形成的涂膜层的层积体也是本发明之一。
上述涂料组合物可以通过通常的涂料中使用的涂装方法进行涂装,作为上述涂装方法,可以举出喷雾涂装、辊涂装、利用刮刀的涂装、浸渍(浸没)涂装、浸渗涂装、旋流涂装、帘流涂装、利用棒涂机的涂装、凹版涂布法、微凹版涂布法、模涂等。
在上述涂装后,通过进行干燥、烧成,可以制成本发明的层积体。作为上述干燥,只要是能够除去液态介质的方法就没有特别限定,可以举出例如根据需要进行加热,在室温~130℃下进行5分钟~30分钟的方法等。上述烧成在氟树脂的熔融温度以上进行,通常优选在200℃~400℃的范围进行10分钟~60分钟。为了防止所涂布的金属箔的氧化,优选在非活性气体下的干燥、烧成。
使用本发明的涂料组合物形成的涂膜优选干燥、烧成后的厚度为2μm~40μm。通过为这种范围内的涂膜,能够容易地形成不会产生涂膜状态的问题的良好的涂膜,进而能够充分发挥作为涂膜所要求的物性。上述下限更优选为3μm、进一步优选为5μm。上述上限更优选为35μm、进一步优选为30μm。
作为本发明的层积体中的基材,可以使用:铁、不锈钢、铜、铝、黄铜等金属类;玻璃板、玻璃纤维的织布和无纺布等玻璃制品;聚丙烯、聚甲醛、聚酰亚胺、改性聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚醚酮、液晶聚合物等通用和耐热性树脂的成型品和被覆物;SBR、丁基橡胶、NBR、EPDM等通用橡胶、硅橡胶、氟橡胶等耐热性橡胶的成型品和被覆物;天然纤维和合成纤维的织布和无纺布;或将它们组合而形成的层积基材等。
上述基材可以是进行了表面加工的基材。作为上述表面加工,可以举出使用喷砂粗糙化至所期望的粗糙度的表面加工、使颗粒附着而粗糙化的表面加工、实施了金属抗氧化处理的表面加工。
本发明的涂料组合物能够提高与基材的粘接性。具体而言,通过涂装本发明的涂料组合物而形成的涂膜层与基材的粘接强度能够为5N/cm以上。
上述粘接强度为如下测定的值:将由涂膜层和基材构成的层积体以涂膜层与铜箔密合的方式重叠,在真空下以加热温度:320℃、压力:3MPa压制5分钟,由此得到由涂膜层和基材构成的层积体和铜箔层积而成的接合体后,将接合体切断成宽度10mm×长度40mm×3组的长条状,制作试样片,对于该试验片,使用Autograph(株式会社岛津制作所制AGS-J5kN),依据JIS C 6481-1996在25℃以50mm/分钟的拉伸速度进行90度剥离试验,观测剥离模式而进行测定。
上述粘接强度更优选为7N/cm以上。
需要说明的是,上述粘接强度即使所使用的涂料组合物相同,也会根据基材的种类而变化,本发明的涂料组合物即使在使用通常难以得到剥离强度的基材的情况下,也能够得到上述那样的优异的剥离强度,从这方面出发是特别优选的。
更具体而言,即使基材为表面粗糙度小的金属基材,也能够得到上述范围的粘接强度。例如,在使用表面粗糙度(Rz)为1.0μm以下的铜箔作为基材的情况下,以往的含氟涂料组合物无法得到充分的粘接性,但由本发明的涂料组合物构成的涂膜层能够显示5N/cm以上的粘接强度。
上述表面粗糙度(Rz)为JIS-B0601中规定的十点平均粗糙度。本说明书中,上述Rz是将测定长度设为4mm使用表面粗糙度计(商品名:SURFCOM 470A、东京精机公司制造)测定的值。
本发明的层积体可以在要求耐热性、耐溶剂性、润滑性、非粘合性等的领域中使用,可以用于膜、纤维增强膜、预浸料、带树脂的金属箔、覆金属层积板、印刷基板、基板用介电材料、层积电路基板等。
本发明的层积体特别优选在铜箔上具有由本发明的涂料组合物形成的涂膜层。近年来,在各种领域中,高频区域的通信盛行。为了减小在高频区域中使用时的传输损耗,使用将含有含氟聚合物的电介质层与铜箔层积而成的材料。在这样的用途中,本发明的涂料组合物可以特别适合地使用。
实施例
以下,通过实施例对本发明进行说明。在实施例中,只要没有特别说明,则混配比例中的%、份是指质量%、质量份。本发明并不限定于以下记载的实施例。
(FEP-1水性分散体的制备)
通过日本专利4306072号的实施例1中记载的方法得到包含30%FEP(TFE/HFP=84/16质量比)颗粒的水性分散体。干燥取出的FEP的MFR为15g/10min,熔点为228℃。表面活性剂的含量相对于FEP固体成分重量为5.5%。在FEP颗粒中,末端基团中含有来自引发剂的羧酸,通过上述方法测定所得到的含有官能团的FEP颗粒的官能团数,结果,相对于每106个主链碳原子数为207个。
(FEP-2水性分散体的制备)
对于TFE和HFP,使用聚合引发剂(二(ω-氢全氟己酰基)过氧化物)通过悬浮聚合制造FEP(TFE/HFP=85.7/14.3质量比),将所得到的干燥粉末直接用喷气磨装置(I.M.MATERIAL公司制造)粉碎,得到平均粒径10μm的微粉末。相对于所得到的FEP微粉末100质量份,将炔二醇系分散剂(Surfynol 440、Air Products Japan公司制造)10质量份、有机硅系表面活性剂(KP-106、信越化学工业公司制造)10质量份和离子交换水280质量份与FEP微粉末充分搅拌、混合,得到FEP分散液。通过上述方法测定所得到的FEP颗粒的官能团数,结果,相对于每106个主链碳原子数为20个。
(PTFE水性分散体)
使用聚合物固体成分浓度为64质量%、非离子表面活性剂浓度相对于聚四氟乙烯固体成分为2.7质量%、平均一次粒径为312nm、标准比重为1.57、通过上述方法测定的官能团数相对于每106个主链碳原子数为10个以下的PTFE水性分散体。
(PFA水性分散体的制备)
通过日本专利4306072号的实施例4中记载的方法,得到包含20%PFA(TFE/PPVE=96.6/3.4质量比)颗粒的水性分散体。干燥取出的PFA的MFR为22g/10min,熔点为315℃。表面活性剂的含量相对于PFA固体成分重量为2.9%。通过上述方法测定所得到的PFA颗粒的官能团数,结果,相对于每106个主链碳原子数为143个。
实施例1
(涂料化)
将所得到的FEP-1水性分散液和PTFE水性分散液以FEP:PTFE的固体成分比为20:80的方式混合,相对于FEP和PTFE的固体成分,加入表面活性剂(Noigen TDS-80C)14质量份、二氧化硅颗粒、进而离子交换水20质量份进行涂料化。
需要说明的是,所使用的二氧化硅颗粒如下所述。
B-1:Admatechs制Admafine SC2500-SQ平均粒径0.5μm、比表面积6.1m2/g、球状、比重2.2g/cm3
B-2:德山制Silfil、平均粒径125nm、比表面积30.0m2/g、球状、比重2.2g/cm3
通过上述方法测定所得到的涂料组合物中包含的氟树脂的平均粒径。将结果示于表2。
实施例2~12
除了如表2和3所示变更各混配成分以外,与实施例1同样地进行涂料化。
比较例1~5
除了如表4所示变更各混配成分以外,与实施例1同样地进行涂料化。
按照以下的方法得到树脂涂膜层。
在铜箔(福田金属箔粉工业制造CF-V9S-SV-18、表面粗糙度0.8μm(Rz))上使用棒涂机(No.30)涂布涂料。使涂布后的铜箔在130℃干燥15分钟。进而在氮气气氛下以350℃烧成15分钟,制作膜厚10μm的涂膜。
进而,对于所得到的涂膜,基于以下的基准进行评价。
(与铜箔的粘接力)
粘接强度如下测定:将由涂膜层和基材构成的层积体以涂膜层与铜箔密合的方式重叠,在加热温度:320℃、压力:3MPa下压制5分钟,由此得到由涂膜层和基材构成的层积体和铜箔层积而成的接合体后,将接合体切断成宽度10mm×长度40mm×3组的长条状,制作试样片,对于该试验片,使用Autograph(株式会社岛津制作所制AGS-J 5kN),依据JIS C6481-1996在25℃以50mm/分钟的拉伸速度进行剥离试验,观测剥离模式而进行测定。
×:粘接强度小于5N/cm。
△:粘接强度为5N/cm以上。
〇:粘接强度为7N/cm以上。
(耐热试验)
将由涂膜层和基材构成的层积体以涂膜层与铜箔密合的方式重叠,在真空下以加热温度:320℃、压力:3MPa压制5分钟,由此得到由涂膜层和基材构成的层积体和铜箔层积而成的接合体后,通过蚀刻制作图案,在288℃的熔融焊料槽中浮起10秒。从焊料槽提起后,目视确认涂膜层有无剥离、膨胀。
×:有剥离、膨胀
△:无剥离、稍有膨胀
〇:无剥离、无膨胀
(二氧化硅的凝聚)
用SEM确认涂布表面,确认有无二氧化硅颗粒的凝聚。
×:有凝聚
〇:无凝聚
(涂膜缺陷)
目视确认涂布表面,确认涂膜缺陷的状态。
×:有
〇:无
(线膨胀系数)
将由涂膜层和基材构成的层积体以涂膜层与铜箔密合的方式重叠,在真空下以加热温度:320℃、压力:3MPa压制5分钟,由此得到由涂膜层和基材构成的层积体和铜箔层积而成的接合体后,通过蚀刻去除基材,使用日立高新技术制TMA以载荷5g测定所得到的涂膜的线膨胀系数。
×:160ppm以上
〇:小于160ppm
由实施例表明,由本发明的涂料组合物得到的涂膜层与铜箔基材的粘接性优异,并且具有高耐热性。
工业上的可利用性
根据本发明,能够得到可形成具有与金属基材的良好的粘接性、电物性和表面物性优异的涂膜层的涂料组合物。上述涂料组合物适合用于印刷基板、基板用介电材料、层积电路基板等的涂装。
Claims (15)
1.一种涂料组合物,其为含有两种以上的氟树脂的涂料组合物,其特征在于,
至少一种氟树脂是官能团数相对于每106个主链碳原子数为30个~1000个的氟树脂(I),
该涂料组合物还含有无机填料、表面活性剂和液态介质。
2.如权利要求1所述的涂料组合物,其中,氟树脂(I)中包含的官能团为含羰基的基团。
3.如权利要求2所述的涂料组合物,其中,含羰基的基团为选自由羰基酰胺基、羧基、酰基氟基和甲氧基羰基组成的组中的至少一种基团。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的涂料组合物,其中,氟树脂(I)为四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(FEP)或四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物(PFA)。
5.如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的涂料组合物,其特征在于,氟树脂(I)中包含的官能团位于聚合物主链的末端。
6.如权利要求1~5中任一项所述的涂料组合物,其中,作为其他氟树脂,还包含官能团数相对于每106个主链碳原子数小于30个的氟树脂(II)。
7.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的涂料组合物,其中,氟树脂的平均粒径小于0.3μm。
8.如权利要求1~7中任一项所述的涂料组合物,其中,氟树脂的至少一种为PTFE。
9.如权利要求1~8中任一项所述的涂料组合物,其中,无机填料为二氧化硅颗粒。
10.如权利要求9所述的涂料组合物,其中,二氧化硅颗粒的比表面积小于6.5m2/g。
11.如权利要求1~10中任一项所述的涂料组合物,其中,表面活性剂为非氟系表面活性剂。
12.如权利要求1~11中任一项所述的涂料组合物,其中,液态介质包含水。
13.一种层积体,其特征在于,具有通过在基材上涂装权利要求1~12中任一项所述的涂料组合物而形成的被膜层。
14.如权利要求13所述的层积体,其中,基材为金属原材料。
15.如权利要求13或14所述的层积体,其为印刷基板用、基板用介电材料或层积电路基板。
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