CN117322620A - 一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117322620A CN117322620A CN202311282309.XA CN202311282309A CN117322620A CN 117322620 A CN117322620 A CN 117322620A CN 202311282309 A CN202311282309 A CN 202311282309A CN 117322620 A CN117322620 A CN 117322620A
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- anthocyanin
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- microcapsule
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- aronia melanocarpa
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Classifications
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- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法,属于微胶囊的制备领域。该方法以酪蛋白和β‑环糊精为复合壁材通过改变pH值获得自组装颗粒,经过喷雾干燥制备微胶囊,成功将花青素包埋进壁材里。本发明的黑果腺肋花楸微胶囊具有较高的包埋率,另外,本发明所制备的复合微胶囊颗粒会在肠道内降解,在肠道内释放出大量花青素,提高花青素的生物利用效率,所制备的复合微胶囊颗粒在经胃(SGF)、肠(SIF)体外模拟消化后仍保持较高的抗氧化活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微胶囊制备领域,具体涉及一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法。
背景技术
花青素是无毒色素,可溶于水性食物系统,属于类黄酮类。除了赋予食物颜色,花青素还具有广泛的生物活性和治疗效果,如抗菌活性、抗氧化保护、抗炎、抗糖尿病、抗肥胖和抗癌作用。有研究将黑果腺肋花楸果实与其他浆果进行比较,发现黑果腺肋花楸中多酚类化合物的含量高达2.5%-3.5%,约是蓝莓的5倍、覆盆子的20倍及葡萄的80倍。黑果腺肋花楸中多酚类化合物主要包括原花青素、花青素、黄酮类化合物和酚酸等。其中原花青素由不同数量的儿茶素和表儿茶素组成,含量最高,占总多酚的66%。而花青素占总多酚的25%,分别为矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-阿拉伯糖苷以及矢车菊素-3-木糖苷。但是天然花青素的稳定性差,导致在食品工业中的应用有一定的局限性。花青素的稳定性受多种环境因素的影响,如pH、光照、温度、氧等条件。如何提高花青素在加工和储藏过程中的稳定性,成其在食品工业应用中的一项挑战。而微胶囊技术可以保护花青素提高其稳定性。
微胶囊技术是一种利用各种高分子材料,将固体颗粒、液滴甚至是气体的微小物质进行包埋,制成具有半透性或密封囊膜的微型胶囊的技术。同时提供物理稳定性、随时间控制释放、增强生物可利用性以及易于使用和储存的便利条件。在这个过程中,聚合物作为壁或载体材料,将固体、液体或气体物质作为活性核心材料包埋到聚合物中,形成多组分结构。由于许多食品加工和储存因素,以及与食品基质中各种成分的相互作用,都可能导致有益成分的降解,因此一些微胶囊技术已被用于减少产品的营养和感官损失,并在产品开发、储存和消费过程中提高产品的稳定性。为了保护生物活性化合物不受不利环境条件的影响,掩盖其本身的味道,人们研究了许多胶囊制备方法。我国很早就开始研究将这种技术应用于食品领域,将食品中的活性成分与环境隔离开来,保护对光、热、水分、氧气等敏感的成分,从而降低和掩盖不良气味等,且取得了较好的效果。目前,微胶囊技术已经在许多领域如食品、医药、化工、生物技术等方面广泛应用。
目前常用的微胶囊物理制备方式主要有以下几种。第一种为喷雾干燥法,该技术具有快速、通用、成本效益高、易于扩大规模、花青素保留率高和相对良好的储存稳定性等优点。第二种为冷冻干燥法,冷冻干燥采用低温,使其成为包封水溶性和热敏生物活性化合物的主要方法。冷冻干燥方法的基本原理是升华,在此过程中,水分直接从液相转化为气相,最后形成粉末。由于该过程在真空和较低的工作温度下进行,不良反应的数量显著减少。但是这种方法有不可避免的缺点,它是一个非常耗时的过程(24-48h),且需要大量能量。此外这种方法的主要限制是由于冰升华而产生多孔结构,这为花青素通过颗粒表面的孔隙轻松接触到氧气从而被降解。第三种为电喷雾或静电纺丝法,电喷雾和静电纺丝,是应用高压静电力从聚合物溶液中制造带电射流。这两种方法之间只有细微的区别。电喷雾是指溶液的浓度和粘度较低时形成的固体颗粒过程。然而,通过使用更高浓度或粘胶溶液,可以实现从电喷雾到静电纺丝的转变,这会导致分子链的缠结和内聚,从而形成纳米或微米级的超薄连续纤维。但这两个制备方法有着速度慢、耗时长、封装率低的缺点。而且,该方法生产具有所需物理化学和形态特性的胶囊样品仍然是一个挑战,意味着该方法很难重现,尤其是难以在工业规模上的应用。此外,使用电流体动力学工艺包封的研究数量极为有限,这突出表明需要彻底研究工艺参数对粒子或纤维的包封率和其他物理化学性质的影响。除了寻找合适微胶囊制备方法,微胶囊壁材的选择也十分重要。
常见的壁材大都选自与动物蛋白、植物蛋白和多糖,他们都拥有自己的独特特性,在形成微胶囊后发挥着不同的作用。根据微胶囊产品的应用范围及制备工艺对微胶囊壁材的要求,理想囊壁材料应具有以下特性:无毒,安全,可食用,可降解;制备或储藏过程中与芯材不发生任何反应;成模性好;符合食品添加剂的标准;且壁材溶液要求高浓度和低粘度。
目前研究人员已经表明花青素的主要吸收部位在小肠,但如果它们在人体中的停留时间不充分,或由于其高pH值,未被吸收的花青素部分可能在肠中被降解。因此需要提高花青素在肠环境下的生物利用度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法,该方法用不同的壁材材料对花青素微粒进行包裹,提高包埋率,增强在肠中缓释效果。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
本发明提供一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法,包括:
步骤一、将黑果腺肋花楸进行提取,干燥,获得花青素粉末粗提取物;
步骤二、称取酪蛋白和β-环糊精混合,得到复合壁材;
步骤三、量取去离子水,加入步骤二中的复合壁材,配成含有固形物含量的溶液,并用调节复合溶液pH值;
步骤四、按照芯壁比比例称取步骤一的花青素粉末粗提取物,将称取的花青素粉末粗提取物溶于去离子水中并加入柠檬酸溶液,得到花青素溶液;
步骤五、向步骤三的溶液加入步骤四配置的花青素溶液,并调节混合溶液的pH;
步骤六、将步骤五得到的混合溶液进行喷雾干燥,得到黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊。
优选的,步骤二所述β-环糊精和酪蛋白的质量比为(1-3):(1-3)。
优选的,步骤三所述固形物含量为3-7%。
优选的,步骤三所述的调节复合溶液pH值为8.0±0.1。
优选的,步骤四所述芯壁比为(0.001-0.01):(1-5)。
优选的,步骤四所述的柠檬酸溶液的浓度为1mol/L。
优选的,步骤五所述的调节混合溶液的pH至3.0±0.1。
优选的,步骤五所述的调节混合溶液的pH是通过1mol/L的柠檬酸溶液调节。
优选的,步骤六所述喷雾干燥条件为进风量为20-40M3,进料速度为5-25RPM,进风温度为110-150℃。
本发明的有益效果
本发明提供一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法,该方法以酪蛋白和β-环糊精为复合壁材通过改变pH值获得自组装颗粒,经过喷雾干燥制备微胶囊,成功将花青素包埋进壁材里。酪蛋白是牛奶中的主要蛋白质,是我们日常饮食的重要组成部分,并且酪蛋白会在碱性条件下溶解,此外β-环糊精能够保护生物活性化合物免受胃肠道有害条件的影响,从而使其在正确的环境中释放,因此复合这两种材料用于制备黑果腺肋花楸微胶囊可以达到较高的包埋率,能达到91.86%。
本发明所制备的复合微胶囊能有效的防止花青素在光照、高温下利条件不被降解,延长其储存期,另外,本发明所制备的复合微胶囊颗粒会在肠道内降解,在肠道内释放出大量花青素,提高花青素的生物利用效率,所制备的复合微胶囊颗粒在经胃(SGF)、肠(SIF)体外模拟消化后仍保持较高的抗氧化活性。
附图说明
图1本发明制备的酪蛋白和β-环糊精复合微胶囊的工艺参数对应的微胶囊包封率。
图2本发明实施例1制备的酪蛋白和β-环糊精复合微胶囊扫描电镜图。
图3本发明实施例1制备的酪蛋白和β-环糊精复合微胶囊和花青素粉末在4℃、25℃、40℃条件下以及微胶囊在避光、白炽灯(lx>200)、紫外灯(18W)条件下30天的储存稳定性。
图4本发明实施例1制备的酪蛋白和β-环糊精复合微胶囊和花青素粉末在体外消化胃(0-120min)、肠(120-240min)模拟中花青素累积释放量。
图5本发明实施例1制备的酪蛋白和β-环糊精复合微胶囊和花青素粉末未经体外消化和经过体外消化后的DPPH自由基清除率和ABTS自由基清除率。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法,包括:
步骤一、将黑果腺肋花楸进行提取,干燥,获得花青素粉末粗提取物;
步骤二、称取酪蛋白和β-环糊精混合,得到复合壁材;所述β-环糊精和酪蛋白的质量比优选为(1-3):(1-3),更优选为1:1、1:2、1:3、2:1或3:1,最优选为1:3;
步骤三、量取去离子水,加入步骤二中的复合壁材,配成含有固形物含量的溶液,并用调节复合溶液pH值;所述固形物含量优选为3-7%,更优选为3%、4%、5%、6%、7%(g:mL),最优选为5%,所述的调节复合溶液pH值为8.0±0.1,优选选用4mol/L的NaOH溶液进行调节;
步骤四、按照芯壁比比例称取步骤一的花青素粉末粗提取物,将称取的花青素粉末粗提取物溶于去离子水中并加入柠檬酸溶液,得到花青素溶液;所述芯壁比优选为(0.001-0.01):(1-5),更优选为0.01:1、0.01:2、0.001:3、0.001:4、0.001:5(g:g),最优选为0.001:4;柠檬酸溶液的浓度优选为1mol/L,去离子水和柠檬水溶液的体积比优选为60mL:6μL;
步骤五、向步骤三的溶液加入步骤四配置的花青素溶液,并调节混合溶液的pH所述的调节混合溶液的pH优选至3.0±0.1,优选是通过1mol/L的柠檬酸溶液调节;
步骤六、将步骤五得到的混合溶液进行喷雾干燥,得到黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊。所述喷雾干燥条件优选为进风量为20-40M3,优选为30M3,进料速度为5-25RPM,优选为15M3,进风温度为110-150℃,优选为130℃。
下面结合附图以具体实施例的形式对本发明的技术方案进行完整阐述。
实施例1
步骤一、样品处理:本研究将购自于吉林省的黑果腺肋花楸进行提取,获得花青素粉末粗提取物;
步骤二、按1:3质量比称取β-环糊精和酪蛋白共20g做为壁材;
步骤三、量取去离子水400mL,加入步骤二中的复合壁材配成相应的溶液,固形物含量为5%,并用4mol/L的NaOH溶液调节复合溶液pH值为8.0±0.1;
步骤四、按照0.001:4(g:g)芯壁比比例称取花青素粉末,将称取的花青素溶于60mL去离子水中并加入60μL的1mol/L的柠檬酸溶液;
步骤五、向步骤三溶液加入步骤四里配置的花青素溶液,并以1mol/L的柠檬酸溶液缓慢调节混合溶液的pH至3.0±0.1;
步骤六、将得到的溶液进行喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥具体条件为:进风温度为130℃,进料速度15RPM,进风量为30M3,得到黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊;电镜照片如图2所示。
花青素含量及包埋率的测定:采用pH示差法测定花青素含量,取2份0.05g花青素粉末,用10mL去离子水溶解,各取1mL,一份用pH为1.0的KCl-HCl缓冲溶液稀释至10mL,另一份用pH为4.5的HAC-NaAC缓冲溶液调节提取液pH为4.5并稀释至10mL,混匀后,室温下避光平衡30min,然后在8000r/min下离心5min,所得上清液在510nm和700nm处测定吸光度。将0.5g复合微胶囊溶解在10mL无水甲醇中,然后将混合物涡旋10s,10000rpm离心15min,得到上清液,吸取2份1mL上清液,使用上述pH示差法测得微胶囊表面花青素含量。
同样将0.5g复合微胶囊溶解在10mL的无水甲醇中,涡旋混合1min,混合物在200W下超声30min,然后以10000rpm离心15min,获得上清液,重复上述pH示差法,用于测定微胶囊总花青素含量。花青素的含量、微胶囊包封率,由下面公式进行测定:
ΔA=(A510-A700)pH1.0-(A510-A700)pH4.5
式中,Mω为矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷的相对分子质量,449.2g/mol;V为提取液总体积,mL;n为稀释倍数;ξ为矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷的消光系数,26900;m为黑果腺肋花楸粉末质量,g。A510是在检测波长为510nm下,溶液的pH值分别为1.0和4.5时的的吸光度;A700是在检测波长为700nm下,溶液的pH值分别为1.0和4.5时的的吸光度。
通过上述计算,实施例1的花青素含量为29.35mg/g。测定微胶囊包封率为91.21%。
对实施例1制备得到的酪蛋白和β-环糊精复合微胶囊和花青素粉末进行储藏稳定性试验。取6份实施例1制备的微胶囊,每份4g,取6份花青素粉末每份0.4g,装袋密封。分别置于4℃、25℃、40℃条件下以及在避光、白炽灯(lx>200)、紫外灯(18W)条件下进行30天的储存稳定性实验,每5天测定一次花青素含量,计算花青素的保留量,结果如图3所示,图3a为在不同温度下花青素的保留率,图3b为在不同光照环境下花青素的保留率。在4℃条件下微胶囊和花青素的保留率分别为93.76%,89.14%;在25℃条件下微胶囊和花青素的保留率分别为88.64%,61.00%;在40℃条件下微胶囊和花青素的保留率分别为81.44%,47.54%;在避光条件下微胶囊和花青素的保留率分别为93.16%,84.14%;在灯光条件下微胶囊和花青素的保留率分别为86.97%,70.43%;在紫外灯照射下微胶囊和花青素的保留率分别为79.97%,26.36%。
对实施例1制备得到的本发明的酪蛋白和β-环糊精复合微胶囊和花青素粉末进行体外消化试验。模拟胃液(SGF)主要由胃蛋白酶和HCl组成,调节pH值为1.2,37℃震荡培养2h。模拟肠液(SIF)主要由KH2PO4、胰蛋白酶、胆盐组成,用1mol/L的NaOH调节pH至6.8,在4℃下搅拌过夜。向两份模拟胃液分别1g花青素粉末和5g复合微胶囊。待消化120min后调节模拟胃液pH至6.8,加入模拟肠液,并消化120min。在这期间每20min测定一次花青素累计释放量,公式为:
其中“Wt”为时间“t”时在模拟胃液或肠液中花青素的含量,“W0”是初始加入的花青素含量。如图4所示,经微胶囊化后的花青素在模拟胃液中释放量少,未经包埋的花青素在胃液中快速释放,并随着时间开始降解。在肠液中花青素粉末在持续降解,而经过微胶囊化后的花青素在肠液中快速释放并随着时间开始缓慢降解。因此经过微胶囊化后的花青素可以实现在肠道中进行释放,减少在到达肠道前对花青素的不利影响。
对实施例1制备得到的酪蛋白和β-环糊精复合微胶囊和花青素粉末进行抗氧化试验。将未经消化和经消化的花青素粉末和微胶囊配置成1mL不同浓度(3.125、6.25、12.5、25、50μg/mL)的溶液分别加入4mL 0.1mmol/L的DPPH溶液,混匀后,避光静置30min,测定反应溶液在517nm处的吸光值,公式为:
其中A0为对照组吸光度值,A1为添加样品后的吸光度值。
将ABTS溶液(7.4mM)与过硫酸钾溶液(2.6mM)按照1:1的体积比混合后,避光反应12h制得ABTS储备液。再用磷酸盐缓冲溶液(200mM,pH7.4)调节ABTS储备液的浓度,使其在734nm处的吸光值为0.7。然后,取0.1mL以上不同浓度溶液分别加入3mL ABTS工作液,混匀后,室温避光反应6min,在734nm处测定吸光值,公式为:
其中A0为对照组吸光度值,A1为添加样品后的吸光度值。
结果如图5所示,在经过体外消化后,微胶囊中的花青素得到释放,表现出更强的抗氧化性。
实施例2
制备步骤和参数和实施例1相同,不同之处在于,步骤二中的β-环糊精和酪蛋白的质量比为1:1、1:2、2:1和3:1,得到的包封率结果如图1所示。
实施例3
制备步骤和参数和实施例1相同,不同之处在于,步骤三中的固形物含量为3%、4%、6%、7%(g:mL),得到的包封率结果如图1所示。
实施例4
制备步骤和参数和实施例1相同,不同之处在于,步骤四中的芯壁比为0.01:1,0.01:2,0.001:3,0.001:5(g:g),得到的包封率结果如图1所示。
实施例5
制备步骤和参数和实施例1相同,不同之处在于,步骤六中的进风温度为110℃、120℃、140℃、150℃,得到的包封率结果如图1所示。
实施例6
制备步骤和参数和实施例1相同,不同之处在于,步骤六中的进料速度为5RPM、10RPM、20RPM、25RPM,得到的包封率结果如图1所示。
实施例7
制备步骤和参数和实施例1相同,不同之处在于,步骤六中的进风量为20M3、25M3、35M3、40M3,得到的包封率结果如图1所示。
本发明使用复合壁材通过改变pH值获得自组装颗粒,再经喷雾干燥,成功将花青素包埋。所制备的复合壁材微胶囊颗粒对黑果腺肋花楸花青素能达到91.86%。本发明,确定了该方法下复合微胶囊的喷雾干燥具体技术指标。且所制备的复合微胶囊能更好的防止花青素在光照、高温下利条件不被降解,延长其储存期,所制备的复合微胶囊颗粒会在肠道内降解,并在肠道内释放出大量花青素,提高花青素的生物利用效率。制备的复合微胶囊颗粒在经胃、肠体外模拟消化后释放出花青素具有抗氧化活性。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,对于本技术领域的技术人员来说,可轻易想到的变化或替换,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤一、将黑果腺肋花楸进行提取,干燥,获得花青素粉末粗提取物;
步骤二、称取酪蛋白和β-环糊精混合,得到复合壁材;
步骤三、量取去离子水,加入步骤二中的复合壁材,配成含有固形物含量的溶液,并调节复合溶液pH值;
步骤四、按照芯壁比比例称取步骤一的花青素粉末粗提取物,将称取的花青素粉末粗提取物溶于去离子水中并加入柠檬酸溶液,得到花青素溶液;
步骤五、向步骤三的溶液加入步骤四配置的花青素溶液,并调节混合溶液的pH;
步骤六、将步骤五得到的混合溶液进行喷雾干燥,得到黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二所述β-环糊精和酪蛋白的质量比为(1-3):(1-3)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤三所述固形物含量为3-7%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤三所述的调节复合溶液pH值为8.0±0.1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤四所述芯壁比为(0.001-0.01):(1-5)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤四所述的柠檬酸溶液的浓度为1mol/L。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤五所述的调节混合溶液的pH至3.0±0.1。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤五所述的调节混合溶液的pH是通过1mol/L的柠檬酸溶液调节。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种黑果腺肋花楸花青素微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤六所述喷雾干燥条件为进风量为20-40M3,进料速度为5-25RPM,进风温度为110-150℃。
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