CN115025046B - 一种γ-聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物的制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种γ-聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物的制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种γ‑聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物的制备,包括如下步骤:(1)将γ‑聚谷氨酸水溶液与EGCG水溶液均匀混合,缓慢加入到A型明胶水溶液中并不断搅拌,待完全混合后继续搅拌,即得到γ‑聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物溶液;(2)将步骤(1)得到的纳米复合物溶液离心后冷冻干燥,得到γ‑聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物。本发明得到的复合物EGCG负载效率为50‑75%,增强EGCG的储存稳定性及抗氧化功效,并且提高了其胃肠液稳定性,生物利用度显著提高。本发明制备方法简单,原料绿色健康,能够作为EGCG包封、保护和递送系统实现EGCG功效的高效发挥和稳态化应用,对在食品加工、医药保健、日用化工领域中进一步开发和利用EGCG具有十分重要的意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物工程技术领域,具体涉及一种γ-聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
绿茶是人类最常饮用的饮品之一。流行病学调查表明,饮用绿茶可降低许多慢性疾病的风险,例如心血管疾病、糖尿病和各种癌症等。绿茶的健康益处主要归功于其主要生物活性成分EGCG(表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯)。绿茶中主要包含五种儿茶素,包括儿茶素(C)、表儿茶素(EC)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG),其中EGCG含量最为丰富。
EGCG是绿茶中最丰富和最活跃的EGCG。EGCG上的羟基可以清除活性氧(ROS),活性氧会导致细胞氧化应激并破坏高水平的蛋白质和DNA。并且,EGCG可通过分解自由基的链式反应防止有害后果,从而表现出良好的抗氧化作用。除了抗氧化能力外,EGCG还具有神经保护特性、抗心血管活性以及抗肥胖、抗糖尿病作用。研究表明,EGCG对机体脂质代谢具有重要作用,EGCG通过降低小肠胆固醇的溶解度,抑制胆固醇进入血液循环系统,从而降低血液中胆固醇的含量。同时,EGCG降低胆固醇溶解度时能改变乳糜微粒,抑制机体对脂质的吸收,降低血浆中脂质水平,具有很好的抗动脉硬化作用。此外,大量研究发现EGCG通过结合细菌细胞膜、改变膜通透性和抑制病原菌的生长来调节肠道微生物群。因此,作为一种膳食成分,EGCG具有许多健康益处。
迄今为止,尽管有大量证据表明EGCG具有良好的治疗效果,但它们在实际应用中受到稳定性差及生物利用度低的限制。在体外,EGCG对环境因素非常敏感,例如高温、光照和中性至碱性pH条件等可能会导致EGCG的变色和降解。因此,有必要开发一种有效的方法来提高EGCG环境稳定性。
据报道,人体饮用含10mg/kg儿茶素的茶后EGCG的口服生物利用度约为0.1%。这是因为在体内,胃肠道稳定性差、肠道吸收率低等严重限制了EGCG的生物利用度。
γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)是天然可食用的多聚阴离子复合物。据报道,γ-聚谷氨酸具有降糖降脂活性。它可以通过调节脂蛋白水平抑制机体对脂质的吸收,降低餐后血糖水平,长期治疗能显著降低高血糖小鼠的血糖浓度,具有良好的降血糖降血脂功效。除此之外,γ-聚谷氨酸能够促进肠道定殖及小肠细胞的吸收。因此,基于γ-聚谷氨酸开发一种负载EGCG的纳米递送系统不仅能够解决EGCG稳定性差、生物利用度低的问题,更能够协同EGCG更好的发挥降糖降脂等功效,广泛应用于食品加工、医药保健、日用化工等领域。
发明内容
发明目的:针对当前EGCG存在的环境稳定性差及生物利用度低等问题,而提供一种稳定性更好,生物利用度更高的负载EGCG的γ-聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物的制备方法和应用。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明公开了一种γ-聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物的制备,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将γ-聚谷氨酸水溶液与EGCG水溶液均匀混合,缓慢加入到A型明胶水溶液中并不断搅拌,待完全混合后继续搅拌,即得到γ-聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的纳米复合物溶液离心后冷冻干燥,得到γ-聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物。
优选地,步骤(1)中,γ-聚谷氨酸水溶液的浓度为1mg/mL,EGCG水溶液的浓度为0.5-2mg/mL,A型明胶水溶液的浓度为1-8mg/mL;其中,A型明胶、γ-聚谷氨酸和EGCG的质量比为10~80:10:5~30。
所述步骤(1)中,A型明胶水溶液浓度为4-8mg/mL,γ-聚谷氨酸水溶液浓度为1mg/mL,EGCG水溶液的浓度为1-2mg/mL,A型明胶、γ-聚谷氨酸和EGCG质量比为4~8:1:1~2。明胶是肽分子聚合物质,是胶原蛋白多级的水解产物,在食品、医药等工业领域有着广泛应用,如被开发用于药物递送和风味释放的微胶囊或纳米载体。A型明胶(弱碱性,等电点~8.3)是通过酸法水解胶原蛋白得到的,在酸性溶液中带正电,可通过静电相互作用交联γ-聚谷氨酸,并通过多酚蛋白反应结合EGCG,从而形成γ-聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG三元纳米复合物。
步骤(1)中,完全混合后继续搅拌2-3h。
步骤(2)中,离心条件为:在低温下12000-14000rpm离心20-30min,低温条件下可以保护EGCG稳定,优选地,在4℃下离心。
所述的γ-聚谷氨酸分子量70~100万。
所述步骤(1)中A型明胶、γ-聚谷氨酸、EGCG水溶液pH均为6.2,在pH 6.2时EGCG的酚基会发生去质子化,同时产生的氧中心会使EGCG携带高密度负电荷有利于复合物的形成。
其中,所述步骤(1)中,将γ-聚谷氨酸水溶液与EGCG水溶液均匀混合后以0.5-1ml/min的滴加速度加入到A型明胶水溶液中,搅拌速度为200-400rpm,从而保证生成的纳米粒子尺寸合适、分布均匀。
本发明进一步提出了上述方法制备得到的γ-聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物在食品加工、医药保健、日用化工领域中的应用。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本申请具有如下优点:
(1)本发明基于EGCG在实际应用中存在的稳定性差、生物利用度低等问题,利用多酚蛋白反应和静电吸附作用,开发了负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸三元纳米复合体系,提高了EGCG的储存稳定性和抗氧化能力,该复合物在酸性条件下稳定,在中性或弱碱性环境下溶解;本发明利用γ-聚谷氨酸作为复合材料,充分发挥了γ-聚谷氨酸的粘膜黏附能力,促进其在肠道粘膜表面定殖,并促进了肠道细胞对EGCG的吸收利用,大大提高了EGCG的生物利用度;
(2)本发明采用A型明胶、γ-聚谷氨酸作为复合材料,其均为天然生物高分子,具有绿色安全、易溶于水、化学性能稳定、生物相容性好等优点,本发明提供的三元复合体系的制备方法简单、操作安全、成本可控,获得的纳米粒子粒径在100-300nm,大小均匀、体系稳定、分散性好,与常规方法相比EGCG负载效率明显提高,适合规模化生产和应用;
(3)本发明采用的γ-聚谷氨酸具有降糖降脂的功效,能够与EGCG协同更好发挥效用,基于此开发的A型明胶/EGCG/γ-聚谷氨酸三元纳米复合体系能够更深入的应用在食品加工、医药保健、日用化工等领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明的制备流程示意图;
图2为EGCG浓度对A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米复合物粒径、电位影响;
图3为A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米复合物的FITR光谱图,其中,a、b、c分别为游离EGCG、A型明胶、γ-PGA粉末,d为A型明胶/EGCG复合物,e为A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA复合物;
图4为A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米复合物照片及透射电子显微镜图(TEM);
图5为A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米复合物在模拟胃肠液EGCG释放情况;
图6为A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米复合物的抗氧化能力检测。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做更进一步的具体说明,本发明的上述和/或其他方面的优点将会变得更加清楚。
下述实施例中,性能测定的方法如下:
a.粒度测量
使用动态光散射(DLS)(Zetasizer Nano-ZS90,Malvern Instruments,Worcestershire,UK)获得溶液中复合物颗粒尺寸的信息。将样品放入在25℃下孵育的样品池中,以90℃的角度记录散射光的强度。颗粒尺寸报告为累积平均直径。所有样品一式三份测量。
b.Zeta电位测量
使用电泳(Zetasizer Nano-ZS90,Malvern Instruments,Worcestershire,UK)测定混合系统中形成的胶体颗粒的电特性(zeta电位)。测量条件与用于粒度测量的条件相同。
c.红外光谱
通过使用FTIR光谱仪(Vertex 70,Bruker,Ettlingen,Germany)获得样品的红外光谱。将样品冷冻干燥在中红外区域(4000至400cm-1)中进行测量。所有样品在相同条件下分析3次。
实施例1A型明胶浓度优化。
参照图1,一种负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物及其制备方法,是以质量比为1~12:1:2的A型明胶、γ-聚谷氨酸和EGCG为原料,包含以下步骤:
(1)在40℃水浴加热搅拌条件下配置A型明胶水溶液(1-12mg/ml)、γ-聚谷氨酸水溶液(106Da,1mg/ml)、EGCG水溶液(2mg/ml),分别用0.1%稀盐酸和0.1%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH为6.2,在pH 6.2时EGCG的酚基会发生去质子化,同时产生的氧中心会使EGCG携带高密度负电荷有利于复合物的形成;
(2)将γ-聚谷氨酸溶液与EGCG溶液按体积比1:1搅拌均匀混合,再将混合液按体积比2:1以0.5ml/min的速率缓慢滴加到A型明胶水溶液中,滴加的同时400rpm不断搅拌,待完全混合后继续搅拌2h,即得到负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物溶液;
(3)取步骤(2)得到的负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物溶液,在4℃下12000rpm离心20min,取沉淀冷冻干燥,即得干燥的负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物。取上清液经0.22μm过滤后通过高效液相色谱分析(HPLC)游离EGCG含量。游离EGCG定量是通过从280nm处的响应构建多级校准曲线来完成,该响应由EGCG标准品生成。
负载率(%)=(EGCG总量-游离EGCG)/EGCG总量
本实施例制备的A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米复合物制备过程中载体浓度因素优化分析见表1,从表中可以看出:随着A型明胶浓度的变化,纳米复合物的粒径、电位和EGCG结合效果发生明显变化,在本发明选择的参数范围内,A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米复合物在A型明胶浓度为4mg/ml时稳定且具有较优的粒径和电位,多酚结合程度较高,其中纳米粒子粒径为155.1±7.3nm,Zeta电位为-23.9±0.9mV,EGCG负载效率为72.7±0.6%。
表1 A型明胶载体浓度对纳米复合物粒径、电位和EGCG结合效果的影响
实施例2 EGCG浓度因素优化。
一种负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物及其制备方法,是以质量比为40:10:5~40的A型明胶、γ-聚谷氨酸和EGCG为原料,包含以下步骤:
(1)在40℃水浴加热搅拌条件下配置A型明胶水溶液(4mg/ml)、γ-聚谷氨酸水溶液(106Da,1mg/ml)、EGCG水溶液(0.5-3mg/ml),分别用0.1%稀盐酸和0.1%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH为6.2。
(2)将γ-聚谷氨酸溶液与EGCG溶液按体积比1:1搅拌均匀混合,再将混合液按体积比2:1以0.5ml/min的速率缓慢滴加到A型明胶水溶液中,滴加的同时400rpm不断(3)取步骤(2)得到的负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物溶液,在4℃下12000rpm离心20min,取沉淀冷冻干燥,即得干燥的负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物。负载率的计算方法同实施例1步骤(3)。
(3)性质测定
本实施例制备的A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米复合物制备过程中EGCG浓度因素优化分析见图2,从图中可以看出:随着EGCG浓度的变化,纳米复合物的粒径、电位和EGCG结合效果发生明显变化,在本发明选择的参数范围内,A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米复合物粒径主要在150nm左右,Zeta电位绝对值基本大于20mV,形成的纳米粒子比较稳定。EGCG负载率见图3,其负载率在70%左右。
A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米复合物的红外光谱如图3所示,其中包括原始EGCG、明胶、γ-PGA粉末以及EGCG/A型明胶组装纳米粒子、A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米粒子的FTIR光谱。EGCG在3358cm-1附近表现出吸收带是由于酚羟基的O-H键的振动。明胶在1651cm-1和1538cm-1处显示吸收带是由于C=O(酰胺I)和N-H(酰胺II),γ-PGA在1640cm-1附近的宽带可归因于羧基离子(-COO-)。在A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米粒子特征峰中也观察到其他变化,例如3298cm-1、1559cm-1和1635cm-1,分别归属于EGCG的酚羟基、明胶的酰胺II以及γ-PGA的羧基。这些结果表明亲水/疏水相互作用、氢键相互作用可能有助于纳米颗粒的自组装。
实施例3 A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物稳定性和抗氧化性测试。
一种负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物及其制备方法,是以质量比为4:1:2的A型明胶、γ-聚谷氨酸和EGCG为原料,包含以下步骤:
(1)在40℃水浴加热搅拌条件下配置A型明胶水溶液(4mg/ml)、γ-聚谷氨酸水溶液(106Da,1mg/ml)、EGCG水溶液(0.5-4mg/ml),分别用0.1%稀盐酸和0.1%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH为6.2。
(2)将γ-聚谷氨酸溶液与EGCG溶液按体积比1:1搅拌均匀混合,再将混合液按体积比2:1以0.5ml/min的速率缓慢滴加到A型明胶水溶液中,滴加的同时400rpm不断搅拌,待完全混合后继续搅拌2h,即得到负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物溶液。
(3)取步骤(2)得到的负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物溶液,在4℃下12000rpm离心20min,取沉淀冷冻干燥,即得干燥的负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物。
本实施例制备的负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物照片及其透射电子显微镜(TEM)图片如图4所示。
储存稳定性
将本实施例(2)中制备的负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物溶液在常温下放置4周,记录每周纳米复合物溶液的粒径和PDI。结果如表2所示,本实施例制备的负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物溶液在常温贮存4周后粒径大小基本无变化,纳米粒子分布稳定,这表明本发明产物稳定性较好。
表2常温储存4周纳米粒子溶液粒径、PDI变化
pH稳定性
将本实施例(3)中制备的干燥的负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物在不同pH缓冲液中处理2h,由EGCG释放效率评估pH稳定性。其结果如表3所示,纳米粒子在pH低时(3-5)具有较好的稳定性,在pH中性时开始逐步释放。
表3不同pH缓冲液中处理后纳米粒子的EGCG释放情况
胃肠液稳定性
将本实施例(3)中制备的干燥的A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米颗粒添加到模拟胃液(SGF)或模拟肠液(SIF)中,然后在磁力搅拌(200rpm)下在37℃的水浴中孵育。孵育0.5、1、2、3和4小时后,取出1mL溶液,并通过HPLC如上所述测定该等分试样中的EGCG浓度。孵育后剩余的EGCG量反映了体外消化和吸附过程中EGCG在纳米颗粒中的稳定性。
如图5所示,将EGCG加载到纳米颗粒中可提高其在胃和肠道条件下的稳定性。在SGF中,A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米颗粒中EGCG的损失约为21%。在SIF中,EGCG比在SGF中更不稳定,EGCG处理4h后释放了约90%。A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA三元纳米复合物在模拟胃液中保护EGCG不被消化,而在模拟肠液中使其快速释放。
抗氧化性
使用1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)和2,2-氮杂双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)(ABTS)自由基清除能力试剂盒来评估游离EGCG、A型明胶/EGCG二元复合物和A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA三元复合物的抗氧化活性,其中二元复合物是以质量比为2:1的A型明胶和EGCG按相同方法得到的。结果如图6所示,两种测定都显示出相似的结果,抗氧化能力:游离EGCG>三元复合物>二元复合物。游离儿茶素的DPPH和ABTS自由基清除效率高于A型明胶/EGCG/γ-PGA纳米粒子,这是因为负载儿茶素的纳米颗粒含有对自由基较不敏感的明胶和γ-PGA。而相对于二元复合物,γ-PGA的加入提高了负载EGCG复合物的抗氧化能力。
由上述实施例可知,本发明提供的一种负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物增强了EGCG的储存稳定性及抗氧化功效,并且提高了其胃肠液稳定性,生物利用度显著提高。本发明提供三元复合稳态体系能够作为EGCG包封、保护和递送系统,协同发挥EGCG健康特性,促进EGCG在食品加工、医药保健、日用化工等领域的深度应用。
本发明提供了一种负载EGCG的A型明胶/γ-聚谷氨酸纳米复合物的思路及方法,具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。
Claims (7)
1.一种γ-聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将γ-聚谷氨酸水溶液与EGCG水溶液均匀混合后以0.5-1 ml/min的滴加速度加入到A型明胶水溶液中,搅拌速度为200-400 rpm,待完全混合后继续搅拌,即得到γ-聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物溶液;γ-聚谷氨酸水溶液的浓度为1 mg/mL,EGCG水溶液的浓度为0.5-2 mg/mL,A型明胶水溶液的浓度为1-8 mg/mL ;其中,A型明胶、γ-聚谷氨酸和EGCG的质量比为10~80 : 10 : 5~30;其中,A型明胶、γ-聚谷氨酸、EGCG水溶液pH均为6.2;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的纳米复合物溶液离心后冷冻干燥,得到γ-聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,A型明胶水溶液浓度为4-8 mg/mL,EGCG水溶液的浓度为1-2 mg/mL,A型明胶、γ-聚谷氨酸和EGCG质量比为4~8 : 1 : 1~2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,完全混合后继续搅拌2-3h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,离心条件为:在低温下12000-14000 rpm离心20-30 min。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在4℃下离心。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的γ-聚谷氨酸的分子量为70~100万。
7.权利要求1~6任一项所述的方法制备得到的γ-聚谷氨酸/A型明胶/EGCG纳米复合物在食品加工、日用化工领域中的应用。
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